CN1634924A - Chiral acetal and ketal compounds and their synthesis method and use - Google Patents
Chiral acetal and ketal compounds and their synthesis method and use Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
There is provided a chiral acetal ketone compound including an aldol condensate and a hydroxyketone condensate. The chiral acetal ketone compound is synthesized by using polyfunctional aldehyde compounds such as phenyl dimethyl aldehyde and phenyl trimethyl aldehyde for reaction with compounds with four functional groups such as pentaerythritol and pentacites tetraalkane. The invention is characterized in that polyfunctional compounds are introduced to form macromolecules. The chiral acetal ketone compound has a stable structure, and the reactive selectivity can be increased.
Description
(1) technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of compound and synthetic method and application thereof, particularly contain O, N, the heteroatomic acetal and ketal compounds of S and synthetic method and application thereof.
(2) background technology:
Asymmetry catalysis is subjected to extensive concern in academia and industry member always.Chiral drug " thalidomide " serious lesson promoted the development of chiral catalyst greatly.United States food and drug administration after summing up lesson, the governing principle of announcing chiral drug in 1992, promptly the chiral drug producer must provide the pharmacology and the toxicity data of the contained enantiomorph of medicine kind, and requires the producer that the listing of single-activity body is provided as far as possible.The chiral catalyst that synthesized of the whole world mainly contains up till now: with 1,1 '-Lian-2,2 '-naphthols are two hydroxyl chiral ligands of representative; Chiral diphosphine and monophosphorus ligand are the nitrogenous chiral ligand of representative with two oxazolines, and with 1,1 '-Lian-2,2 '-naphthols coordinate contain phosphine nitrogen chiral ligand and small molecules chiral catalyst.These Application of Catalyst mainly concentrate on the asymmetric hydrogenation aspect, and other aspect researchs are less; Most of catalyst activities lower (substrate and catalyst S/C ratio is below 100); The selectivity of many small molecules asymmetry catalysis can reach high level (greater than 95%enantiomericexcess, the ee value), but with the reaction system separation difficulty, can't recycle; After the reaction of resin grafting chiral catalyst finished, such catalyzer can be told from reaction system, recycle, but " chirality concentration " is low, and inhomogeneous reaction, reactive behavior is poor; The active obviously plateau solid-carried catalyst of macromole soluble catalyst, but also there is " chirality concentration " low problem, and use in a large amount of organic solvent actual productions beyond affordability when reclaiming catalyst ligand, and mostly be precious metals complex, toxic metal residual in medicine and still can't avoid to the problems such as pollution of environment.Chiral catalyst is different from the general catalysis in the chemistry, and its mechanism of catalytic reaction is still not fully aware of.For reaction provides an asymmetric environment, " chirality concentration " is high more when it is generally acknowledged chiral catalyst, and the asymmetric environment that provides is big more, and the asymmetry catalysis effect is good more.The chiral axis material has good asymmetric induction effect, as: 1,3-diphenyl-1, the specific rotatory power of 3-dinaphthylallene is 438 °, this is that the chirality charcoal is incomparable.The versatility of chiral catalyst is poor, but experience is told us, and chiral catalyst and reactant structure are approaching more, may have the chiral induction effect.
China starts late in the research in this field, 1997 under the support of National Foundation, the organic institute in Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai wears upright letter academician, the yellow amount of institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences academician presides over jointly, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the institute of materia medica, Shanghai, Shanghai institute of microbiology bears jointly, lasts 4 years and has finished " chemistry of 95 great fund project-chiral drugs and biological study ".This research has represented China in present situation and the level of chirality aspect synthetic.
Tetramethylolmethane acetal compound development is used for softening agent, solidifying agent, the antioxidant of macromolecular material very early, also can be used as the raw material of resin, paint and tensio-active agent, defoamer, goes back useful as pesticides.The compound of having reported simultaneously mostly is small-molecule substance, is not made into macromolecular substance and increases its chirality concentration, so that utilize the chirality of his chiral axis to be used for the catalysis asymmetric reaction.
(3) summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of chiral acetal and ketal compounds and synthetic method and application thereof, it is made up of little ring of rigidity spiral shell or phenyl ring fully, contain O, N, S heteroatoms, synthetic method is mainly utilized aldol condensation, earlier synthetic required intermediate, then synthesising target compound has the chiral axis structure, and its range of application is extended to the synthetic field of chirality.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of chiral acetal and ketal compounds, comprise aldol condensate, hydroxyl ketone condensation compound, it is characterized in that: on the basis of aldol condensate, hydroxyl ketone condensation compound by wherein monoacetal, single ketal, bisacetal, two ketal, synthesized Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether, acetal ketone [4+4], [3+3] ring compound and tree type compounds in addition, wherein in the tetramethylolmethane eight hydrogen split branch relatively its nuclear magnetic spectrogram to draw be chiral axis rather than rigid structure.
A kind of above-mentioned said chiral acetal and ketal compounds synthetic method is characterized in that polyfunctional group aldehyde compound and the reactions of Pentaerythritols four-functional group Ji Wusi alkyl compound such as its employing terephthal aldehyde, benzene trioxin, and method may further comprise the steps:
(1) intermediate is synthetic: employing aromatic aldehyde compound and cyclohexanone analog compound and tetramethylolmethane extremely derivative react in water medium and organic solvent respectively, utilize conventional catalyst catalysis to produce preparation Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether, acetal ketone [4+4], [3+3] ring compound and the required intermediate of tree type compounds;
(2) the achirality skeleton is synthetic: utilize above-mentioned intermediate respectively in organic solvent and water medium, synthetic linear achirality skeleton, ring-type achirality skeleton, tree-shaped achirality skeleton under catalyst action;
(3) Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether is synthetic: synthetic intermediate in organic solvent and water medium, has synthesized Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether respectively in the utilization (1) under catalyst action;
(4) preparation of C2 axle chipal compounds: on the basis of synthetic intermediate, use the chiral induction catalyzer, synthetic C2 axle chiral intermediate uses the chiral induction catalyzer to carry out the synthetic of chiral product.
Cyclic ketones compounds in the above-mentioned said step (1) adopts hydroresorcinol, and the tetramethylolmethane analog derivative adopts tetramethylolmethane to prepare [2+1] intermediate and [2+3] intermediate of ring compound.Concrete reaction equation is as follows:
Said aromatic aldehyde compound adopts the benzene trioxin in the above-mentioned said step (1), and the tetramethylolmethane analog derivative adopts tetramethylolmethane to prepare dendritic compound one-level tree intermediate, and concrete reaction equation is as follows:
Said aromatic aldehyde compound adopts phenyl aldehyde in the above-mentioned said step (1), and tetramethylolmethane analog derivative employing tetramethylolmethane prepares the intermediate 7,11,18 of Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether, 21-four oxa-s three spiral shells [5,2,2,5,2,2] heneicosane.Concrete reaction equation is as follows:
Cyclic ketones compounds in the above-mentioned said step (1) comprises the compound that is connected with ketone group on pimelinketone, cyclohexanedione and a series of naphthenic hydrocarbon.
Above-mentioned said step (1) aromatic aldehyde compound comprises phenyl aldehyde, terephthal aldehyde, benzene trioxin and a series of aromatic compound that contains aldehyde radical
Pentaerythritol derivative in the above-mentioned said step (1) comprises that Ji Wusi mercaptan, Ji Wusi ammonia and all can form the compound of volution behind aldolization.
Chiral axis in the above-mentioned said step (1) comprises the compound that is made of chiral spiro.
Organic solvent in the above-mentioned said step (1) comprises benzene, tetracol phenixin, chloroform, DMF and the organic solvent that reactant is had certain solubility.
Conventional catalyst comprises tosic acid, hydrochloric acid, iodine, sodium bisulfite, vitamins C and the catalyzer that aldolization is had katalysis in the above-mentioned said step (1)
The synthetic equation of said linear achirality skeleton is as follows in the above-mentioned said step (2):
The synthetic equation of said ring-type achirality skeleton is as follows in the above-mentioned said step (2):
The synthetic equation of said tree-shaped achirality skeleton is as follows in the above-mentioned said step (2):
Chiral axis in the above-mentioned said step (2) comprises the compound that is made of chiral spiro.
Organic solvent in the above-mentioned said step (2) comprises benzene, tetracol phenixin, chloroform, DMF and the organic solvent that reactant is had certain solubility.
Conventional catalyst in the above-mentioned said step (2) comprises tosic acid, hydrochloric acid, iodine, sodium bisulfite, vitamins C and the catalyzer that aldolization is had katalysis.
The synthetic equation of said Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether is as follows in the above-mentioned said step (3):
Organic solvent in the above-mentioned said step (3) comprises benzene, tetracol phenixin, chloroform, DMF and the organic solvent that reactant is had certain solubility.
Conventional catalyst comprises tosic acid, hydrochloric acid, iodine, sodium bisulfite, vitamins C and the catalyzer that aldolization is had katalysis in the above-mentioned said step (3).
The chiral catalyst of mentioning in the preparation of C2 axle chipal compounds in the above-mentioned said step (4) has adopted vitamins C, doped quaternary ammonium salt, chirality ammonia seat fluorine alkali, chirality oxime ethers to have the catalyzer of chirality to screen.
Chiral axis in the above-mentioned said step (4) comprises the compound that is made of chiral spiro.
The organic solvent of above-mentioned said step (4) comprises benzene, tetracol phenixin, chloroform, DMF and the organic solvent that reactant is had certain solubility.
Above-mentioned said step (4) conventional catalyst comprises tosic acid, hydrochloric acid, iodine, sodium bisulfite, vitamins C and the catalyzer that aldolization is had katalysis.
Chiral catalyst in the above-mentioned said step (4) comprises that vitamins C, doped quaternary ammonium salt, chirality ammonia seat fluorine alkali, chirality oxime ethers have the catalyzer of chirality.
A kind of above-mentioned said chiral acetal and ketal compounds is used, because the characteristics of this compounds master-hand property concentration make it can be applicable to the chiral catalysis field.
Chiral acetal and ketal compounds has following characteristics among the present invention: (1) this chiral acetal and ketal compounds changes chiral catalyst mentality of designing in the past, be not the compound that contains asymmetric elements such as chiral carbon, nitrogen, phosphine and metal-complexing, he has mainly utilized the chiral spiro in the molecule; (2) macromole formed by C2 rotational symmetry chirality fragment of molecule, " chirality concentration height ", such catalyzer should have lower S/C value (mol ratio of substrate and catalyzer) and higher enantiomeric excess value (enantiomeric excess, ee); (3) solvability is preferably arranged in organic solvent, inwardly add entry after the reaction, can easily catalyzer be separated from system, it has taken into account the advantage that insoluble macromolecule load catalyst is easily separated, recycle, and has the good reactivity worth of homogeneous catalyst simultaneously; (4) after this compound synthesizes, after detecting, HNMR finds that in this compounds, the branch that splits of eight hydrogen of tetramethylolmethane is a reason that cause owing to chiral axis rather than stiff shaft.
The characteristics of chirality acetal ketone synthetic method are among the present invention: (1) has changed in the past that acetal and ketal compounds is a main raw material with the simple function group material, and polyfunctional compound is introduced, and forms macromole; (2) increase cause crosslinked for overcoming in the building-up process owing to functional group, adopted protective group.
The application characteristic of chiral acetal and ketal compounds is among the present invention: the macromole that this acetal and ketal compounds molecule is made up of C2 rotational symmetry chirality fragment, " chirality concentration height ", such catalyzer should have lower S/C value (mol ratio of substrate and catalyzer) and higher enantiomeric excess value (enantiomeric excess, ee).Substantially constitute by phenyl ring and the little ring of spiral shell owing to it simultaneously, Stability Analysis of Structures, or since polyhydric exposed, or because the hole of ring compound all can make reaction preference increase.
(4) description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing 2 is the nuclear-magnetism figure of a kind of intermediate in the related chiral acetal and ketal compounds of the present invention and synthetic method and the application thereof.
The MR figure that accompanying drawing 3 is set for an one-level that obtains in the related chiral acetal and ketal compounds of the present invention and synthetic method and the application thereof
The one-level IR figure that accompanying drawing 4 obtains for related chiral acetal and ketal compounds of the present invention and synthetic method and in using.
(5) embodiment:
Embodiment 1: the preparation of chirality acetal ketone ring compound
Aromatic aldehyde compounds in the said step (1) adopts 1; the 3-m-terephthal aldehyde; tetramethylolmethane analog derivative employing tetramethylolmethane has prepared the intermediate 1 of ring compound, 3-two (4 ', 4 '-dihydroxymethyl-2; the 6-dioxacyclohexyl) benzene (1) and 1; 3-two (3 '-formyl radical phenyl-2,4,8; 10-four oxaspiros [5.5] undecyl) benzene (2), concrete equation is as follows:
Operation steps is: add 9g tetramethylolmethane, 65ml water heating for dissolving and 5ml hydrochloric acid in the four neck round-bottomed flasks that stirring, reflux condensing tube, temperature take into account constant pressure funnel are housed, treat complete molten back cooling, drip simultaneously and be dissolved with 4.7g 1, the 110ml ethanolic soln of 3-terephthal aldehyde reacted two hours after dripping off again.After reaction finishes solid is leached,, put into simultaneously in the three-necked bottle that stirring, reflux condensing tube, thermometer are housed with 100mL water then and be heated to boiling with slight alkalinity frozen water washing one time.While hot solid is leached, and wash one time with 50mL slight alkalinity hot water again, obtain white solid, simultaneously mother liquor keeps and puts into the frozen water cooling and separate out white crystal and be intermediate (1).
Operation steps is: get 2.9g reaction intermediate (I) and be dissolved in 150ml water and the 70ml alcoholic acid mixed solution, and add 5ml hydrochloric acid make it to dissolve fully colourless liquid, getting the 2.5g m-terephthal aldehyde is dissolved in and waits in the ethanol to drip, treat to begin after intermediate (I) dissolves fully to drip, get red-purple liquid after adding fully, transparent nothing precipitation.The purple solid will be got after the spontaneous evaporation of gained liquid.The gained solid is successively also crossed silica gel with ethanol, ether recrystallization lean on, get intermediate (II).
The synthetic equation of said ring-type achirality skeleton is as follows in the above-mentioned said step (2):
The concrete operations step is as follows: intermediate (1) and (2) heating for dissolving in DMF are catalyzer with iodine, and benzene is the band aqua, and barium sulfate is template, and the reflux state heating got the purpose product in seven hours.
The preparation of said C2 axiation compound in the above-mentioned said step (4), in the preparation process of intermediate (1), (2), add chiral catalyst, get active intermediate, the intermediate that single opticity must be arranged after chemistry splits, the last chiral catalyst that also adds in the preparation of ring compound is through inducing to such an extent that the ring of optically-active arranged.
The preparation of said C2 axiation compound in the above-mentioned said step (4), in the preparation process of intermediate (1), (2), add the chiral catalyst doped quaternary ammonium salt, get active intermediate, the intermediate that single opticity must be arranged after chemistry splits, the last chirality dimension C that selects for use in the preparation of ring compound makees catalyzer, through inducing to such an extent that the ring of optically-active arranged.Yield is 27%.Embodiment 2: the preparation of chirality dendritic compound
Said aromatic aldehyde compound adopts the benzene trioxin in the above-mentioned said step (1), and the tetramethylolmethane analog derivative adopts tetramethylolmethane to prepare dendritic compound one-level tree intermediate, and concrete reaction equation is as follows:
Operation steps is: add the equal benzene trioxin of 1g, 0.5g tosic acid and 300mL chloroform in the there-necked flask that prolong, water trap, stirring arm are housed, be heated to dissolving; Other gets and waits in the ethanol that the 3g tetramethylolmethane is dissolved in 150mL to drip, and treats in the there-necked flask that solid all after the dissolving, begins to drip the ethanolic soln of tetramethylolmethane.Be controlled in the 1h and drip off.After dropwising, continue reaction 15h.Steam and remove 400mL solution, remaining liq is poured in the furnace pot, obtain white crude product, recrystallization obtains solid 1.3g in methyl alcohol, yield 12%.
The synthetic equation of said tree-shaped achirality skeleton is as follows in the above-mentioned said step (2):
Operation steps is as follows: get 0.5g intermediate (3), join among the 800mlDMF, heating for dissolving, getting 0.4g equal benzene front three aldoxime and 0.5g tosic acid again joins in the reaction flask, reflux state reacted 18 hours down, got white solid, washed twice with DMF, get very secondary tree of white crystal, yield 13%.Continue with this understanding that reaction can make three, the level Four tree.
The preparation of said C2 axiation compound adds chiral catalyst in the above-mentioned said step (4) in the preparation process of intermediate (3), gets active intermediate, and the intermediate of single opticity must be arranged after chemistry splits.
The preparation of said C2 axiation compound in the above-mentioned said step (4) adds the chiral catalyst doped quaternary ammonium salt in the preparation process of intermediate (3), get active intermediate, and the intermediate of single opticity must be arranged after chemistry splits.Yield is 18%.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of chiral acetal and ketal compounds, comprise aldol condensate, hydroxyl ketone condensation compound, it is characterized in that: on the basis of aldol condensate, hydroxyl ketone condensation compound by wherein monoacetal, single ketal, bisacetal, two ketal, synthesized Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether, acetal ketone [4+4], [3+3] ring compound and tree type compounds in addition, drawn according to its nuclear magnetic spectrogram relatively wherein that the branch that splits of eight hydrogen is chiral axis rather than rigid structure in the tetramethylolmethane.
2, a kind of synthetic method of above-mentioned said chiral acetal and ketal compounds is characterized in that polyfunctional group aldehyde compound and the reactions of Pentaerythritols four-functional group Ji Wusi alkyl compound such as its employing terephthal aldehyde, benzene trioxin, and method may further comprise the steps:
(1) intermediate is synthetic: employing aromatic aldehyde compound and cyclohexanone analog compound and tetramethylolmethane extremely derivative react in water medium and organic solvent respectively, utilize conventional catalyst catalysis to produce preparation Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether, acetal ketone [4+4], [3+3] ring compound and the required intermediate of tree type compounds;
(2) the achirality skeleton is synthetic: utilize above-mentioned intermediate respectively in organic solvent and water medium, synthetic linear achirality skeleton, ring-type achirality skeleton, tree-shaped achirality skeleton under catalyst action;
(3) Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether is synthetic: synthetic intermediate in organic solvent and water medium, has synthesized Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether respectively in the utilization (1) under catalyst action;
(1) preparation of C2 axle chipal compounds: on the basis of synthetic intermediate, use the chiral induction catalyzer, synthetic C2 axle chiral intermediate uses the chiral induction catalyzer to carry out the synthetic of chiral product;
Aromatic aldehyde compound in said each step comprises phenyl aldehyde, terephthal aldehyde, benzene trioxin and a series of aromatic compound that contains aldehyde radical: the cyclic ketones compounds comprises the compound that is connected with ketone group on pimelinketone, cyclohexanedione and a series of naphthenic hydrocarbon; Pentaerythritol derivative comprises that Ji Wusi mercaptan, Ji Wusi ammonia and all can form the compound of volution behind aldolization; Chiral axis comprises the compound that is made of chiral spiro; Organic solvent comprises benzene, tetracol phenixin, chloroform, DMF and the organic solvent that reactant is had certain solubility; Conventional catalyst comprises tosic acid, hydrochloric acid, iodine, sodium bisulfite, vitamins C and the catalyzer that aldolization is had katalysis; The chiral catalyst of mentioning in the preparation of C2 axle chipal compounds has adopted vitamins C, doped quaternary ammonium salt, chirality ammonia seat fluorine alkali, chirality oxime ethers to have the catalyzer of chirality to screen.
3, according to the synthetic method of the said chiral acetal and ketal compounds of claim 2, it is characterized in that the cyclic ketones compounds in the said step (1) adopts 1, hydroresorcinol, the tetramethylolmethane analog derivative adopts tetramethylolmethane to prepare [2+1] intermediate and [2+3] intermediate of ring compound, and concrete reaction equation is as follows:
4, according to the said chiral acetal and ketal compounds synthetic method of claim 2, it is characterized in that said aromatic aldehyde compound adopts the benzene trioxin in the said step (1), the tetramethylolmethane analog derivative adopts tetramethylolmethane to prepare dendritic compound one-level tree intermediate, and concrete reaction equation is as follows:
5, according to the said chiral acetal and ketal compounds synthetic method of claim 2, it is characterized in that said aromatic aldehyde compound adopts phenyl aldehyde in the said step (1), the tetramethylolmethane analog derivative adopts tetramethylolmethane to prepare the intermediate 7,11,18 of Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether, 21-four oxa-s three spiral shells [5,2,2,5,2,2] heneicosane.Concrete reaction equation is as follows:
6,, it is characterized in that the synthetic equation of said linear achirality skeleton is as follows in the said step (2) according to the said chiral acetal and ketal compounds synthetic method of claim 2:
7,, it is characterized in that the synthetic equation of said ring-type achirality skeleton is as follows in the said step (2) according to the said chiral acetal and ketal compounds synthetic method of claim 2:
8,, it is characterized in that the synthetic equation of said tree-shaped achirality skeleton is as follows in the said step (2) according to the said chiral acetal and ketal compounds synthetic method of claim 2:
9,, it is characterized in that the synthetic equation of said Poly-acetal-spiro-vic-diether in the said step (3) is as follows according to the said chiral acetal and ketal compounds synthetic method of claim 2:
10, a kind of above-mentioned said chiral acetal and ketal compounds is used, because the characteristics of this compounds master-hand property concentration make it can be applicable to the chiral catalysis field.
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| CN1238361C (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2006-01-25 | 南开大学 | Spiro-diphosphine ligand |
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