CN1633064A - Multichannel transmission device adopting space quantum key of telescope system - Google Patents
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- CN1633064A CN1633064A CNA2005100232052A CN200510023205A CN1633064A CN 1633064 A CN1633064 A CN 1633064A CN A2005100232052 A CNA2005100232052 A CN A2005100232052A CN 200510023205 A CN200510023205 A CN 200510023205A CN 1633064 A CN1633064 A CN 1633064A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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Abstract
A multi-channel transmission device of space quantum key using telescope system is prepared as using multiple array laser light sources to output multiple array horizontal light pulses at transmitting end, attenuating and randomly polarizing said light pulses, emitting said light pulses by emitting telescope to carry out multi-channel transmission of quantum key in free space, using filtering and receiving telescope to receive said light pulses by receiving end to form image point array, focusing each image point on polarization spectrometer by array microlens, detecting polarization and then arriving at corresponding single photon counting detector, carrying out data processing by computer according to BB84 protocol. The invention greatly improves the photon transmission efficiency between the two sending parties in the system and effectively solves the problem of low photon transmission efficiency of a single channel in the traditional scheme.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the long-distance transmissions of quantum key in the free space, particularly a kind of multi-path transmission device that adopts the space quantum key of telescopic system, it utilizes polarization encoder, communicating pair adopts telescopic system to receive and dispatch photon, thereby carry out multichannel quantum key transmission, can greatly improve the efficient of quantum cryptography communication.
Background technology
Existing classical cryptographic communication is based on the safety of classical channel or to the finding the solution of certain mathematics difficult problem, its fail safe is relative.Along with the continuous development of computer science and technology, its fail safe is challenged day by day.The people that appear as of quantum cryptography communication provide a kind of brand-new and safe cryptographic communication system.Quantum cryptography communication is actual to be a process that quantum state distributes as cipher key carrier, it carries a bit information with a single photon and carries out password transmission, and Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum that its fail safe depends in the quantum mechanics can not cloning theorem and quantum inseparabilities.What at present, the quantum-key distribution communication plan extensively adopted is BB84 agreement and B92 agreement.In the free space optical quantum cryptography communication, generally adopt the BB84 agreement.
The BB84 agreement adopts four nonopiate attitudes as the quantum information attitude, and these four attitudes belong to two groups of conjugated radicles, and two attitudes in every group of base are mutually orthogonal, generally get four kinds of different polarization states: " → ",
" ↑ " and
Its operating procedure is as follows:
(A) sender Alice selects the photon of any polarization state in above four kinds of polarization states randomly and sends to recipient Bob;
(B) receiving Bob selects two kinds of polarisation based ("+" and " * ") to measure the polarization state that receives photon randomly;
(C) Bob announces that he (has only Bob to know to attitude at actual detected himself, the some of them attitude is not detected) time measurement base that adopted, but do not announce to measure which polarization state that Alice tells Bob which measurement base is correct and remains that remaining discards;
Attitude when (D) Alice only keeps same base, and by the agreement rule be converted into binary sequence (" → " and
Represent 0, " ↑ " and
Represent 1).
The selected emission source of sender Alice is the laser pulse of single-photon source or process overdamp in the BB84 agreement, and the latter is approximately single-photon source.Consider from the fail safe aspect, number of photons in the light source pulse should be obeyed Poisson distribution, makes in each weak light pulse only to contain a single photon, and the umber of pulse that contains two or more photons is many more, the easy more shunting that is subjected to the potential third party is attacked, and the fail safe of its communication is just low more.Because a pulse only contains a such perfect condition of single photon and is difficult to realize, actual way is that to allow in the light beam each pulse contain two and two above number of photons probabilities very little, usually be controlled at about 5%, the laser after the decay just can reach the number of photons that only contains in average each pulse about 0.1 like this.For example, the breadboard quantum key communication experiment of U.S. Los Alamos has used similar attenuating device, at communication distance is in the laboratory experiment of 205m, average every pulse contains 0.7 of number of photons in the laser after the decay, this accounts for 34.8% of overall pulse number with regard to meaning the pulse that contains 1 photon, the pulse that contains 2 photons accounts for 12.3%, and the pulse that contains 3 photons accounts for 2.84%, and window pulse accounts for 50.06%; And be in the night experiment of 1km at communication distance, average every pulse contains 0.1 of number of photons, and the pulse that contains 2 and 2 above photons only accounts for＜and 6%.
Based on the quantum key communication plan of BB84 agreement, generally all adopt optical fiber as transmission channel at present, this has just determined a receipts both sides can only carry out the cipher key delivery of single passage in a certain operating time.In addition, reported minority with the quantum key communication plan of free space as transmission channel in, also only adopted the mode of single optical channel, promptly transmitting terminal sends with single light source, receiving terminal also carries out single reception to this.Because fiber channel can not be applied to fields such as satellite communication, so free space has become the main transmission channel that optical communication is encrypted in the space, but from top analysis numeral, the contained number of photons of average pulse after being attenuated in the experiment of the free space scheme of having carried out all is controlled at very little scope, most of pulse all is the window pulse that does not contain photon, and the free space transmission course in more existing schemes also exists from the caused loss of atmospheric turbulance, this has just seriously reduced the efficiency of transmission of quantum key distribution system, the intrinsic efficiency (is 1/2 for this intrinsic efficiency of BB84 agreement) that in addition has certain quantum efficiency and agreement self algorithm at the single-photon detector of receiving terminal, therefore under the original just very big situation of this loss, adopt single channel transfer single photon will make efficiency of transmission extremely low again, thereby directly influence whole system operation efficient.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome in the traditional scheme of BB84 protocol algorithm with the inefficiency problem of single channel transmission single photon, a kind of multi-path transmission device that adopts the space quantum key of telescopic system is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of multi-path transmission device that adopts the space quantum key of telescopic system, communicating pair all adopts telescopic system to carry out the transmitting-receiving of photon, the LASER Light Source output multi beam array horizon light pulse that transmitting terminal adopts a plurality of arrays to arrange, through decay, rise at random partially, launch by transmitter-telescope, carry out the multichannel transmission of quantum key in the free space, receiving terminal is through filtering, receiving telescope receives imaging point array, each picture point focuses on the spectropolarimeter through the array lenticule in this array, arrive corresponding single photon counting detector after analyzing, the result carries out data processing by computer by BB84 agreement agreement.Send bipartite photon transmission efficient in the greatly raising system of the present invention, solved the low problem of single channel transmission photon efficiency in the traditional scheme effectively.Be technical scheme of the present invention more than, the algorithm of multichannel cipher key communication agreement will adopt specific embodiment to set forth in execution mode among the present invention.
For technique effect, if the transmitter aperture is D
1, then the diffraction extended corner of its emission light beam in free space is:
If transmitting range is d, the beam broadening that then arrives reception antenna is:
w≈D
1+d·2θ???????????????????????????????????????????(2)
Propagation in atmosphere efficient is T in the transport process, if the diameter of receiver lens is D
2, how much losses during light beam process receiver lens are L
g:
Then distance loss in the transport process (Range loss) is L
R, often be written as the dB form in the experiment:
L
R＝-10log(T·L
g)??????????????????????????????????????(4)
Expection photon transfer rate is:
K＝RMTL
gη/2??????????????????????????????????????????(5)
Wherein R is the pulsed operation frequency of LASER Light Source, and M is the number of photons of average every pulse, and η is the total operating efficiency of detection system, and 1/2 is the intrinsic efficiency of BB84 agreement.Be about 10%～15% of initial key (raw key) through the key after the error correction and the amplification of maintaining secrecy.
Get atmosphere transmit in the less 650nm of diffraction diffusion be operation wavelength, transmitter aperture D
1With receiver aperture D
2Equal value 30cm, be respectively at transmitting range d under the situation of 1km, 10km, 100km and 500km, getting T is 65%, the pulsed operation frequency of light source is 1MHz, average photon number is 0.1, the total operating efficiency η of detection system is 30%, and then with various more than the above-mentioned parameter substitution, result of calculation sees table 1 for details.
| ??D 1 | ??D 2 | ????d | ??2θ | ??w | ??L g | ??L R | ??K |
| ??30cm | ??30cm | ????1km | ??2.7μR | ??30.27 ??cm | ??98％ | ??1.9dB | ??9555 ??bit/s |
| ????10km | ??2.7μR | ??32.7cm | ??84.2％ | ??2.6dB | ??8209 ??bit/s | ||
| ????100km | ??2.7μR | ??57cm | ??27％ | ??7.4dB | ??2632 ??bit/s | ||
| ????500km | ??2.7μR | ??165cm | ??4.9％ | ??14.9dB | ??478 ??bit/s |
The transmission efficiency and the loss of table 1. quantum key transport process
The transmission photon bit number of K in the table 1 in given unit interval is the transmission number of photons that realizes under an output light source situation, expands to m * n array when sending light source, then the number of photons of being transmitted in the time at working unit be exactly K m * n doubly.This shows that the present invention adopts the concurrent transmission of multichannel, its photon transmission rate is the efficient of single channel transmission photon in the traditional scheme head and shoulders above, and significantly reduced the data volume of discussing at overt channel, has also reduced the chance that Eve obtains information simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. transmitting terminal light path schematic diagram in the specific embodiment.
Fig. 2. receiving terminal receives and detects schematic diagram in the specific embodiment.
Among the figure: the 1-LASER Light Source; The 2-interference filter; The 3-laser attenuator assembly;
4-is the polarizer (4 * 1) at random; 5-transmitter-telescope (L
1And L
2Spacing is the two focal length sum);
The 6-free space; The 6-free space; The 7-interference filter;
8-receiving telescope (L
3And L
4Between the distance be the two focal length sum);
9-picture point array (being followed successively by A ', B ', C ', D ' from top to bottom);
The 10-microlens array; The 11-spectropolarimeter; The 12-analyzer;
13-single photon numeration detector.
Embodiment
Below just in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with specific embodiment explanation apparatus of the present invention.See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 earlier, a kind of structure of multi-path transmission device of the space quantum key that adopts telescopic system is: transmitting terminal is (m * n=4 * 1) array LASER Light Source 1 of arranging, interference filter 2, laser attenuator assembly 3, the polarizer 4 and transmitter-telescope 5 at random along the light beam direction of advance successively; Receiving terminal is interference filter 7, receiving telescope 8 along beam direction successively, through receiving telescope 8 output (4 * 1) picture point arrays 9, (4 * 1) microlens array 10 is set at (4 * 1) picture point array 9 places, on the corresponding focus of microlens array 10 each lenticule, establish a spectropolarimeter 11, corresponding analyzer 12 and single photon counting detector 13 are arranged behind described spectropolarimeter 11, and communication data is handled by the BB84 agreement by computer.
Transmitting terminal is selected 4 * 1 arrays for use in Fig. 1, the pulsed laser light source 1 of operating frequency in 1M～100M scope, called after A, B, C and D successively from top to bottom; Emitting laser is earlier by interference filter 2, and filter window is less than 0.1nm, and the pulse laser that it sends 4 sources of parallel light is selected to filter on wave band, and the operation wavelength of wavelength in atmospheric window passed through, and reduces the loss of system; Then by laser attenuator assembly 3, its effect is that paired pulses laser is decayed, thereby the average photon number that makes in the pulse to be contained satisfies Poisson distribution (n ≈ 0.1), reduces potential listener-in Eve photon stream is shunted the possibility of eavesdropping, improves the fail safe in the transport process; Pass through the polarizer 4 at random again, the shared pseudo random sequence of agreement is in advance observed in the selection of polarisation based, array laser being carried out the pseudorandom of polarisation based "+" and " * " selects, when selecting base, load the polarization direction of 2 quadratures that are under the jurisdiction of this base randomly, thereby 4 passage single photon streams of 4 * 1 arrays are carried out Polarization Modulation randomly; At last by transmitter-telescope 5 to free space 6;
In Fig. 2, arrive receiving terminal behind multichannel modulated laser process free space 6 channels,, reduce the influence of background noise through the light of the miscellaneous wavelength of filter 7 eliminations; Being received telescope 8 then receives; Output picture point array 9 is followed successively by A ', B ', C ', D ' from top to bottom; (4 * 1) microlens array 10 is set at (4 * 1) picture point array 9 places, then each picture point focuses on the corresponding focus in back by each lenticule in the microlens array 10, and be polarized spectrometer 11 and receive, photon beam with orthogonal polarisation state is told light that two bundles have a mutually orthogonal polarization direction respectively by analyzer 12 and single photon counting detector 13 on the light path separately by spectropolarimeter 11, and wherein choosing of analyzer 12 directions also is that pseudo random sequence according to prior agreement receives light to each bundle and carries out the selection of polarisation based.By coverlet photon counting detector 13 records of analyzer 12, communication data is handled by the BB84 agreement by computer.
Carrying out initial key transmission and follow-up overt channel at both sides among this embodiment discusses scheduling algorithm and specifically is described below.If transmitting terminal is followed successively by the selected polarization sequence of four bundle light constantly from top to bottom in a certain work: "+", " * ", " * " and "+", then this constantly the polarization direction of A, B, C, D emergent light be random distribution, in a certain operating time, the laser of 4 passages modulated polarization state can be (→
↑), (↑
→) .... wait a kind of in 16 kinds of random sequences, each polarization direction is to be under the jurisdiction of A, B, C, D emergent light respectively in the bracket.Receiving terminal also correspondingly selects for use the polarisation based of "+", " * ", " * " and "+" to receive when receiving.
Have
With
The photon of the random polarization attitude of direction has passed through after the polarization beam apparatus beam splitting
The analyzer of direction and the single-photon detector that arrives thereafter are designated as " 0 "; If photon has passed through
The analyzer of direction and the single-photon detector that arrives thereafter are designated as " 1 ".In like manner, have the photon of the random polarization attitude of " → " and " ↑ " direction, after beam splitting, be designated as " 0 " by analyzer of " → " direction and the single-photon detector that arrives thereafter; If photon is designated as " 1 " by analyzer of " ↑ " direction and the single-photon detector that arrives thereafter.
Ideally, a certain moment transmitting terminal A, B, C, D respectively send a single photon, these group 4 * 1 photon sequences are through a desirable transport process, arrive receiving terminal A ', B ', C ', D ' and the microlens array by thereafter smoothly and are detected by thereafter detector.In the practical operation, detector at a time can receive 2 or 2 above photons simultaneously, and the photon that receives may be from the photon in the adjacency channel more, and this just gives the error rate that has improved receiving terminal to a certain extent.For this " crosstalking " situation, can handle by the error correction and the secret amplification process in communicating pair quantum key transmission course later stage.
If there is listener-in Eve in the channel, adopt the eavesdropping mode of intercepting, repeating transmission or shunting as Eve, then certain one group of 4 * 1 photon sequence that sends constantly can not be sent to receiving terminal completely, for the incomplete situation of this same reception, communicating pair arranges to abandon this group photon sequence when overt channel is discussed, thereby has reduced the destruction that the eavesdropping of Eve brings to communication security to greatest extent.
Both sides carry out the overt channel discussion, abandon jointly according to algorithm of the present invention and receive incomplete 4 * 1 passage photon sequences, keep the photon sequence set that those meet about provisioning request, are converted to binary sequence, preserve as the initial key of sharing.So far, the transport process of both sides' performance sub-key transmission.Both sides know clearly to initial key by processes such as error correction, the amplifications of maintaining secrecy and examine then, and then obtain the quantum key of final safety.
Obviously, in the working unit time (being assumed to 1s), the number of photons that success is detected by Bob and preserves as initial key (raw key) in the 4 passage schemes is obviously than the number of photons that is detected in the single channel scheme many (being about 4 times).Be generalized to m * n scheme, can realize the m * n channel transfer of quantum key in the free space.Like this number of photons that success is transmitted under certain situation of operating time be exactly m * n that formerly single channel successfully transmits number of photons in the scheme doubly, thereby the efficiency of transmission of quantum key is greatly increased.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of multi-path transmission device that adopts the space quantum key of telescopic system is characterised in that its structure is: transmitting terminal is (array of the m * n) LASER Light Source (1) of arranging, interference filter (2), laser attenuator assembly (3), the polarizer (4) and transmitter-telescope (5) at random along the light beam direction of advance successively; Receiving terminal is interference filter (7), receiving telescope (8) along beam direction successively, through receiving telescope (8) output (the picture point array (9) of m * n), in that (the picture point array (9) of m * n) locates to be provided with (the microlens array (10) of m * n), on the corresponding focus of each lenticule of microlens array (10), establish a spectropolarimeter (11), corresponding analyzer (12) and single photon counting detector (13) are arranged behind described spectropolarimeter (11), and communication data is handled by the BB84 agreement by computer.
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| CN104993925A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-10-21 | 清华大学 | Quantum key distribution system of aircraft |
| CN105284064A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2016-01-27 | 雷神公司 | Laser relay for free space optical communications |
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| CN105284064A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2016-01-27 | 雷神公司 | Laser relay for free space optical communications |
| CN103984068A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-08-13 | 苏州洛合镭信光电科技有限公司 | QFN packaged and broadband high-speed transmitted parallel optical transceiver module |
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| CN104993925A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-10-21 | 清华大学 | Quantum key distribution system of aircraft |
| CN107045197A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-15 | 苏州旭创科技有限公司 | Light path control system and optical module |
| CN107045197B (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2021-09-17 | 苏州旭创科技有限公司 | Optical path control system and optical module |
| CN108199840A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-22 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of quantum key dispatching system |
| CN111565102A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-08-21 | 广东国科量子通信网络有限公司 | Quantum key distribution system based on free space |
| CN111565102B (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2023-03-31 | 广东国科量子通信网络有限公司 | Quantum key distribution system based on free space |
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| CN112953709A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-11 | 四川轻化工大学 | Remote efficient light quantum key transmission method and system |
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