Background technology
The shortening of unsaturated polymer is to be used to change and optimize the physics of polymkeric substance and the last handling process of chemical property.The conjugated dienes polymerization of existing in the market many trades mark or copolymerization and generate the unsaturated polymer with diverse microcosmic structure are to producing the polymkeric substance with specific physical chemical property in the carbon-carbon double bond selective hydrogenation of these unsaturated polymers.The hydrogenation modified elastomer SEBS that makes as rubber segments polyhutadiene unsaturated double-bond process selection hydrogenation in the thermoplastic block copolymers SBS molecule.SEBS has more advantages of excellent stability than SBS; Good thermotolerance; Use temperature can reach 130 ℃ (SBS only is 65 ℃), excellent UV resistant and resistance to oxidation aging resistance; Excellent electric insulating quality, wear resistance and snappiness preferably; Chemical such as inorganic acid resistance, alcohols; Have good solubility and blend.SSBR is through partly hydrotreatment, and its performance is greatly improved etc. during as tire.
But the selective hydrogenation of the monomeric multipolymer carbon-carbon double bond of conjugated diene and at least a copolymerization has proposed the report of several homogeneous catalysis methods based on rhodium Rh or ruthenium Ru metal catalyst.
English Patent 2,070,023A is used for selective hydrogenation as the unsaturated organic polymer carbon-carbon double bond of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer with chlorination three (triphenylphosphine) rhodium complex, and this method is to react with the form of water miscible liquid, and catalyzer is dissolved in the varsol.
United States Patent (USP) 4,464,515 and 4,503,196, using catalyzer is a kind of singly-bound rhodium hydride with molecular formula RhHLx, the x in the molecular formula is 3 or 4, to the hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bond in the multipolymer of conjugated diene and copolymerisable monomer.This method has the advantage that has shown higher hydrogenation speed under gentle relatively reaction conditions.
Because rhodium is very expensive, enjoy people to pay close attention to so use the catalytic hydrogenation method of relatively cheap ruthenium complexe catalyzer, existing many pieces of patent reports.
United States Patent (USP) 4,631,315 have reported that a kind of is RuX[(L with the molecular formula
1) (L
2) n] and ruthenium compound be catalyzer, be the method for hydrogenation of the nitrile group-containing polymkeric substance of solvent that the data that provided in the patent show in order to obtain must have the free part in the satisfied speed of reaction reaction system with low-molecular-weight ketone.
United States Patent (USP) 4,816,525,5,057,581 etc., reported at divalence ruthenium compound catalyst (RuXY (CO) ZL
2) carbon-carbon double bond selective hydrogenation in the multipolymer of catalysis conjugated diene and at least a copolymerisable monomer, catalyzer has high activity, and the double-bond hydrogenation degree is up to 99%.React existing homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation in organic solvent, the shortening in the water based emulsion system is arranged again.United States Patent (USP) 6,696,518 have reported ruthenium complexe such as divalence ruthenium phosphine composition, praseodynium closes the carbon-carbon double bond selective hydrogenation of ruthenium catalyzed copolymerization thing emulsion.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned prior art deficiency, be engaged in field of polymer technology development research and production practice thereof for many years through the contriver, exploitation provides a kind of hydrogenation activity and selectivity height, and consumption is low, the high polymer carbon-carbon double bond hydrogenation ruthenium complexe catalyzer of good stability.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of hydrotreating of the high polymer carbon-carbon double bond by above-mentioned ruthenium complexe catalyzer.
High polymer carbon-carbon double bond hydrogenation ruthenium complexe catalyzer provided by the invention, it is to be Primary Catalysts by the divalent ruthenium title complex that trivalent ruthenium compound and compd A form, the catalyzer that forms for the promotor original position with the phosphine compound, wherein compd A can be the polyene hydrocarbon that coordination is arranged with ruthenium, and phosphine compound B can be trihydrocarbyl phosphine or the trihydrocarbyl phosphine that has the polyethoxye chain.The mol ratio of Primary Catalysts and promotor is 0.5-20.
In high polymer carbon-carbon double bond hydrogenation ruthenium complexe catalyzer provided by the invention, described superpolymer is meant the superpolymer that contains unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond, promptly by the polymkeric substance or the multipolymer of conjugated diolefine such as divinyl and/or isoprene, polyhutadiene for example, polyisoprene, styrene butadiene and/or isoprene random, alternative, the multipolymer of block structure, as three or the segmented copolymer (SBS) of styrene-butadiene-styrene or have transition and/or random section styrene butadiene one styrene block copolymer or have the segmented copolymer etc. of Zhi Jian, three or the segmented copolymer (SIS) of styrene-isoprene-phenylethene or have Zhejiang become section and/or random section styrene-isoprene-phenylethene segmented copolymer or have the star block copolymer etc. of Zhi Jian, styrene butadiene (random) copolymer rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), SSBR or the like.
Described trivalent ruthenium compound is halogenide (RuX
3), RuF for example
3, RuCl
3, RuBr
3, RuI
3Trivalent ruthenium salt such as Ru (NO
3)
3, ruthenium sulfate, carboxylate salt such as propionic acid ruthenium, butyric acid ruthenium, Ru (AC)
3, caproic acid ruthenium or phenylformic acid ruthenium etc.; Methyl ethyl diketone ruthenium (Ru (aCaC)
3Or the like, be preferably RuCl
3, RuBr
3, Ru (NO
3)
3, acetic acid ruthenium (Ru (Ac)
3) or the methyl ethyl diketone ruthenium etc.
The divalent ruthenium title complex of described Primary Catalysts is (Z) nYX of Ru (L-L), wherein L-L is the two key dentates of two thiazolinyls that provided by a part compd A, is the polyene hydrocarbon that coordination is arranged with ruthenium, for example 1,3-divinyl, 1,4-isoprene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1,7-octadiene, 1,6-heptadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, cyclopentadiene, 1,3-cycloheptadiene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, norbornadiene, heptantriene, sarohornene, cyclooctatetraene or the like.Z is for example amine such as methylamine, ethamine, propylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, hexahydroaniline etc. of neutral nitrogenous dentate, hydrazine class such as ethyl hydrazine, third hydrazine, nitrile such as acetonitrile, propionitrile or butyronitrile etc., heterocycle such as pyridine etc.Y and X can be identical or inequality, are hydrogen, halogen anion or other monovalence negative ion such as NO
3Deng, n=0-4.For example divalent ruthenium title complex (a-g) of some structures etc. is as follows:
A is that (norbornadiene) ruthenous chloride, b are (1, the 5-cyclooctadiene) ruthenous chloride, C are (1, the 3-cycloheptadiene) ruthenous chloride, b are tetraphenyl boronation (1, the 5-cyclooctadiene) three (N, the N-dimethylhydrazine) hydrogenation ruthenium, e are for two tetraphenyl boronation (norbornadiene) tetrem nitriles close ruthenium, f is two phosphofluoric acids [(1, the 5-cyclooctadiene) the tetrem nitrile closes ruthenium], f is two tetraphenyl boronations [(1, the 5-cyclooctadiene) four pyridines close ruthenium].The above-mentioned divalent ruthenium compound of enumerating among the present invention is (Z) nXY (a-g) of Ru (L-L), and (J.Chem.Soc. (1959) 3178 for existing pertinent literature report its preparation method; Chem.Ber.108 (1975) 273; Chem.Ind (1959) 1516; J.Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans. (1977) 1809; J.Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans (1974) 951; J.Organomet.Chem
The general structure of described cocatalyst phosphine compound B is PR
1R
2R
3Or contain the PR that the polyethoxye chain replaces
1R
2R
3, R wherein
1, R
2, and R
3Can be identical or inequality, be C
1-C
30Alkyl such as alkyl, thiazolinyl or C
6-C
30Aryl, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, sec.-propyl, butyl, isobutyl-, amyl group, isopentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, new hexyl, heptyl, octyl group, iso-octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl etc.; Or C
6-C
30Aryl such as phenyl,, p-methylphenyl, naphthalene or substituted naphthyl etc.; Be preferably C
4-C
6Straight or branched alkyl or naphthyl, trimethyl-phosphine, triphenylphosphine, xylyl phosphine, methyldiphenyl base phosphine, tri isopropyl phosphine, three-butyl phosphine, three-just-octyl group phosphine etc. for example; Or general formula is ((CH
2CH
2O)
nR, n=3-30, R=C1-C30 alkyl) contain the substituting group of polyethoxye chain.For example: Ph
2P (CH
2CH
2O) nCH
3, n=5-30:(CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
2)
2P (CH
2CH
2O) nCH
3, n=5-30; Ph
2P-C
6H
4-(OCH
2CH
2) nOCH
3, n=10-30, P-[C
6H
4-(OCH
.2CH
2) nOCH
3]
3, n=10-30; P-[C
6H
4-(OCH
2CH
2) nOH]
3N=10-30; Ph
2P-C
6H
4-(OCH
2CH
2) nOCH, n=10-30 etc.
In the high polymer carbon-carbon double bond hydrogenation ruthenium complexe catalyzer of the present invention, the mol ratio of Primary Catalysts divalent ruthenium title complex and promotor phosphine compound is 0.5-20, is preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-5.Ruthenium complexe catalyzer of the present invention is that original position forms.
High polymer carbon-carbon double bond hydrogenation ruthenium complexe catalyzer provided by the invention is used for the above-mentioned process for selective hydrogenation that contains the superpolymer of unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond, described selection hydrogenation is meant that the carbon-carbon double bond in the superpolymer carries out hydrogenation, and the two keys of phenyl ring in the superpolymer are not carried out hydrogenation.This method of hydrotreating comprises:
1, with catalyzer of the present invention, superpolymer is dissolved in the solvent, and the solution that obtains carries out dehydrogenation to be handled.
2, the solution of the step 1 of treated mistake is used pressurized with hydrogen in reactor, under agitation is heated to hydrogenation temperature rapidly and carries out hydrogenation, and hydrogenation products is reclaimed in the back; Hydrogenation pressurization 0.5-10Mpa is preferably 2.5-7.0Mpa; The hydrogenation reaction temperature is usually at 80-200 ℃, be preferably 110-150 ℃, hydrogenation time 1-20 hour, the ruthenium complexe catalyst concn is counted 5-500ppm in superpolymer weight in the hydrogenation process, be preferably 10-100ppm, the polymer concentration scope is the 1-30% of reaction solution quality, and the double-bond hydrogenation degree is greater than 90%.
In high polymer carbon-carbon double bond method of hydrotreating provided by the invention, it is a homogeneous hydrogenation process, superpolymer and catalyzer can be dissolved in the solvent, in autoclave, carry out, in hydrogenation process, keep hydrogen pressure constant, can make high polymer carbon-carbon double bond reach complete hydrogenation, can also be according to the product needs, select suitable time and temperature, the degree of hydrogenation of regulation and control superpolymer.Can adopt pure hydrogen in the hydrogenation process or contain small amounts of inert gas such as the hydrogen of nitrogen.
After reaction finishes, can reclaim hydrogenation products, for example reaction mixture can be mixed making hydrogenation superpolymer precipitation with alcohol with any currently known methods.
The present invention uses the trihydrocarbyl phosphine that has the polyethoxye chain to be promotor, the catalyzer that original position forms has better solvability in the alcohols polar solvent, be particularly suitable for reaction mixture is mixed with alcohol, make multipolymer precipitate that separating catalyst is more effective then with alcohol; If any requiring further to wash superpolymer and make it dry, for example vacuum is drained, and also can separate ruthenium catalyst by the method for simple washing.
The present invention uses the trihydrocarbyl phosphine that has the polyethoxye chain to be promotor, and catalyzer solubilized in water that original position forms can be separated ruthenium catalyst by the method for simple washing.Thereby reduce catalyst metal residual in superpolymer.
The solvent of using in the reaction process of the present invention can be any organic solvent that can dissolve multipolymer and catalyzer, and this solvent can not be subjected to the disadvantageous effect of hydrogenation conditions.Suitable solvent comprises aromatic hydrocarbons and their alkyl and halo derivatives, as benzene, and toluene, dimethylbenzene, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene; Or aliphatic ether such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dioxane.
The advantage of high polymer carbon-carbon double bond hydrogenation ruthenium complexe catalyzer provided by the invention and method of hydrotreating thereof is
(1) compd A makes Primary Catalysts very stable in air in the ruthenium complexe catalyzer; The composition catalyst that Primary Catalysts and promotor phosphine compound original position form has very high hydrogenation activity, makes catalyst levels low to 5-500ppm (Wt, heavy based on multipolymer); (2) hydrogenation selectivity height to phenyl ring hydrogenation not, is not found isomerization yet, and the reaction that crosslinked grade causes colloid to generate takes place, and degree of hydrogenation is up to 99.7%; (3) use the trihydrocarbyl phosphine have the polyethoxye chain, make catalyzer in polar solvent, have good solvability, after reaction, use and easilier when adding polar solvent precipitation multipolymer separate with product.(4) hydrogenation process is homogenous process, and method is simple reliable easily.