CN1629109A - Method for catalytic thermal cracking preparation of hydrochloric ether from 1,2-dichloroethane - Google Patents

Method for catalytic thermal cracking preparation of hydrochloric ether from 1,2-dichloroethane Download PDF

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CN1629109A
CN1629109A CN 200410054327 CN200410054327A CN1629109A CN 1629109 A CN1629109 A CN 1629109A CN 200410054327 CN200410054327 CN 200410054327 CN 200410054327 A CN200410054327 A CN 200410054327A CN 1629109 A CN1629109 A CN 1629109A
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dichloroethane
reaction
mol
catalyst
tetrachloroethane
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曹贵平
张明华
周志坚
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East China University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for catalytic thermal cracking preparation of hydrochloric ether from 1,2-dichloroethane which comprises, using 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorine and inactive gas as thinning agent, letting into tubular reactor with catalyst, then collecting chlorohydrocarbon from the reaction product, wherein the chlorohydrocarbon is one of trichloroethylene, perchlorethylene, tetrachloroethane or pentachloroethane, or their mixture, the catalyst is Si-O2 molecular screen loaded Cu, Fe as active constituents.

Description

Method for preparing chlorohydrocarbon by catalytic thermal cracking of 1, 2-dichloroethane
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of chlorohydrocarbon, in particular to a method for producing chlorohydrocarbon by using 1, 2-dichloroethane and chlorine as reaction raw materials.
Background
Chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as tetrachloroethane, trichloroethylene, and the like, are important fine chemical products and have wide application in national economy. Tetrachloroethane is an important chlorohydrocarbon solvent and chemical intermediate, for example, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) is prepared by taking 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane as a raw material, and the HFC-134a is the best substitute of refrigerant Freon and has good market potential. The main application fields of trichloroethylene are metal cleaning degreasing and chemical intermediates, and taking the country, namely the United states, where trichloroethylene is most consumed, the consumption structure of trichloroethylene is that 30% of trichloroethylene is used for metal cleaning degreasing, and 67% of trichloroethylene is used for chemical intermediates.
Trichloroethylene is also an important chemical intermediate and is commonly used for producing chemical products such as green refrigerant HFC-134a, pharmaceutical intermediates chloroacetic acid and dichloroacetyl chloride, pesticide intermediates octachlorodipropyl ether, dry cleaning agent tetrachloroethylene and the like.
At present, the preparation method of trichloroethylene comprises an ethylene chlorination/oxychlorination method and a 1, 2-dichloroethane catalytic cracking method. Ethylene chlorination and dehydrochlorination processes such as those reported in James a. et al, kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of chemical technology, john Wiley&Sons, inc.1993 and Kawaguchi, j.ind, Eng, Chem, (62), 36, 1970, are carried out by chlorination of ethylene at 0.8Mpa and 110 ℃ to produce tetrachloroethane and pentachloroethane followed by catalytic dehydrochlorination at 380 ℃ to produce a mixture of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in proportions having the chemical reaction formula:
the mixture is separated and refined to obtain pure trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. Although the main products of the first step of the method are tetrachloroethane and pentachloroethane, the composition of the product obtained by the actual chlorination reaction is relatively complex, so that the subsequent reaction product is relatively complex, and the method is a two-step reaction.
The document PPG Ind.Inc., Hydrocarbon Processing, 62(11), 1983 and patent US5004849(1991) report on ethylene or C2Oxychlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons. It is characterized in thatThe raw material range is wide, ethylene or 1, 2-dichloroethane or by-product C can be used2The chlorohydrocarbon, chlorine or hydrogen chloride and oxygen are used as raw materials and are carried out in a fluidized bed reactor which takes copper chloride and potassium chloride as catalysts and takes diatomite or silica gel as a carrier to prepare trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. When ethylene, chlorine and oxygen are used as raw materials, a series of complex reactions occur, and the reaction equation is as follows:
Figure A20041005432700041
the reaction temperature is around 400 deg.c, and when ethylene is used as raw material, the product distribution depends on the reaction temperature and the molar ratio of the material. When the reaction temperature is increased, the generation of trichloroethylene is facilitated, and HCl + O is also added2The ratio to ethylene is increased and the combustion reaction produces CO2The amount of + CO being relative to O2In parallel with the HCl ratio, and is compared with O2/C2H4And HCl/C2H4Is irrelevant.
The adjustment of the ratio of trichloroethylene to tetrachloroethylene products by oxychlorination of 1, 2-dichloroethane as raw material is also related to the molar ratio of the feed. This multi-step highly exothermic reaction is represented by the chemical reaction formula:
the reaction is carried out in a fluidized bed in the presence of a catalyst, the reaction operation is complicated, and the catalyst is easily deactivated. Patent US2912470(1956) reports an acetylene process. After the chlorine and acetylene from salt electrolysis are stabilized by a buffer tank, the chlorine and the acetylene enter a bubbling tower reactor which contains dry tetrachloroethane with good solubility to the acetylene and chlorine as a reaction medium and is added with anhydrous ferric trichloride with the medium amount of 1% as a catalyst according to a certain molar ratio under the condition that the acetylene is slightly excessive, and the reaction is carried out at the temperature of about 85 ℃ under negative pressure, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
when the chlorine gas is insufficient, the following side reaction occurs
When the reaction temperature is too high, the following side reactions occur
The reaction is a strongly exothermic reaction, and the tetrachloroethane produced escapes from the top of the reactor in a gaseous state. After condensation, part of the condensed liquid returns to the reactor, and the rest of the condensed liquid enters a crude tetrachloroethane receiving tank for storage. Removing hydrogen chloride in molecules of the tetrachloroethane under the conditions of liquid phase and catalyst or no catalyst to obtain the tetrachloroethane. The acetylene process is eliminated due to large pollution.
Patent CN1094024A reports a process for preparing trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene by chlorination using dichloroethane as raw material, and the diluent used is tetrachloroethylene which is one of the products, and has the disadvantage that tetrachloroethylene reacts with chlorine gas to produce hexachloroethane and other high-boiling substances. Therefore, the industrial production is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to disclose a method for preparing chlorinated hydrocarbon by catalytic thermal cracking of 1, 2-dichloroethane, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
introducing 1, 2-dichloroethane, chlorine and inert gas as diluents into a tubular reactor containing a catalyst, and collecting chlorohydrocarbon from reaction products.
The chlorinated hydrocarbon comprises one or a mixture of trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloroethane or pentachloroethane.
The reaction pressure is 101.3kPa to 500kPa, the preferable pressure is 110kPa to 250kPa, the preferable pressure range is 120kPa to 200kPa, the reaction temperature is 245 to 580 ℃, the preferable temperature is 280 to 480 ℃, the preferable temperature is 310 to 380 ℃, the reaction time is 1 to 35s, the preferable reaction time is 10 to 30s, and the most preferable reaction time is 18 to 26 s.
Too high a reaction temperature leads to the formation of large amounts of high boilers and carbon particles, while too low a reaction temperature leads to incomplete conversion of the dichloroethane, the residual dichloroethane forms an azeotrope with trichloroethylene, separation is difficult and other low boilers are formed.
The reaction time is influenced by the reaction temperature in a similar manner, and too long a reaction time results in the formation of a large amount of high boilers and carbon particles, while too short a reaction time results in incomplete conversion of dichloroethane, and the residual dichloroethane forms an azeotrope with trichloroethylene, resulting in difficulty in separation, and the formation of other low boilers.
The catalyst is composed of (SiO)2)x1(Al2O3)x2(C)x3(CuO)x4(CuCl2)x5(Fe2O3)x6Wherein the mole percentage of each component is as follows: x is the number of1＝10～95％，x2＝4-85％，x3＝0～5％，x4＝1～10％，x5＝0～8％，x6＝0～5％。
The above catalyst can be prepared by the method disclosed in US5004849 (1991).
1, 2-Dichloroethane and Cl2The molar ratio of (A) is 0.8-3.0, the preferable ratio is 1.2-2.5, and the most preferable ratio is 1.5-2.2;
the mol ratio of the diluent to the 1, 2-dichloroethane is 1-6, preferably 1-5 mol/mol, and most preferably 1.5-4 mol/mol;
the mass ratio of the catalyst to the 1, 2-dichloroethane is 0.01-0.1 (w/w), preferably 0.01-0.05 (w/w), and most preferably 0.015-0.035.
The method can simultaneously obtain chlorohydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloroethane or pentachloroethane, has mild reaction process conditions, can achieve high conversion rate of the dichloroethane serving as the raw material, generally can achieve 100 percent, and avoids the difficulty of separation caused by azeotrope formation of the dichloroethane and trichloroethylene serving as the raw material. This patent adopts inert gas as the diluent, produces a large amount of high boiling substances when avoiding adopting other similar chlorohydrocarbons such as tetrachloroethylene to make the diluent, take place addition reaction by tetrachloroethylene and chlorine promptly and generate like hexachloroethane, because hexachloroethane is crystalline solid at ordinary temperature, often because the export pipeline and the low reaches pipeline of accumulation and jam reactor, more importantly forms high boiling substances like tar and carbon granule. .
Detailed Description
Example 1
The components of the catalyst are as follows:
(SiO2)x1(Al2O3)x2(C)x3(CuO)x4(CuCl2)x5(Fe2O3)x6；
wherein the mole percentage of each component is as follows: x is the number of1＝10％，x2＝85％，x3＝0％，x4＝4％，x5＝1％，x6＝0％。
Filling the catalyst into a tubular reactor, preheating 1, 2-dichloroethane to 170 ℃, introducing the preheated 1, 2-dichloroethane into the reactor in gaseous form, and simultaneously preheating Cl to 110 ℃2With diluent nitrogen to enter the reactor;
after the reactor was filled with preheated reaction mass, the reactor was heated and the temperature was raised to 1, 2-dichloroethane and Cl at a pressure of 120kPa2The reaction is carried out, namely, a mixture of a plurality of chlorinated hydrocarbons taking trichloroethylene as a main product is generated.
Typical substances contained in the product are: HCl, unreactedCl2Vinylidene chloride, trans-dichloroethylene, cis-dichloroethylene, 1, 2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane, 1, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane, pentachloroethane, hexachloroethane, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorobenzene and other high-boiling substances are subjected to a separation process for separation. The product was analyzed by gas chromatography as shown in table 2. The process conditions are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 reaction conditions
Catalyst and process for preparing same 500 g
1, 2-dichloroethane 0.77 mol/h
Cl2 1.15 mol/h
N2 3.84 mol/h
Temperature of 340 ℃
Reaction time 18 s
The composition of the product was analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the results shown inTable 2.
TABLE 2 composition of the liquid phase in the product
No name composition,%
1 vinylidene chloride 3.3
2-Dichloroethylene 5
3-cis-Dichloroethylene 12.2
4 Dichloroethane 0
5 trichloroethylene 42
6-trichloroethane 6
7 tetrachloroethylene 13.5
81, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane 10.7
91, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane 4.5
10 pentachloroethane 3.2
11 hexachloroethane 0.45
12 high boiling substance 0.02
Example 2
The same reaction was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that Cl was removed2The compositions were the same as those listed in Table 1 except for the amount used. The reaction was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 2.
TABLE 3 reaction conditions
Catalyst and process for preparing same 500 g
1, 2-dichloroethane 0.77 mol/h
Cl2 1.55 mol/h
N2 3.84 mol/h
Temperature of 340 ℃
Time of day 18 s
The composition of the product was analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the results shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 composition of the liquid phase in the product
No name composition,%
1 vinylidene chloride 5.5
2-Dichloroethylene 5.6
13.8 cis-dichloroethylene
4 Dichloroethane 0
5 trichloroethylene 38
6 Trichloroethane 5.9
7 tetrachloroethylene 12.9
81, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane 10.6
91, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane 4.2
10 pentachloroethane 3.1
11 hexachloroethane 0.43
12 high boiling substance 0.01
Example 3
The same reaction was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that N was added2The compositions were the same as those listed in Table 1 except for the amount used. The reaction was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 reaction conditions
Catalyst and process for preparing same 500 g
1, 2-dichloroethane 0.77 mol/h
Cl2 1.55 mol/h
N2 1.84 mol/h
Temperature of 340 ℃
Time of day 18 s
The composition of the product was analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the results shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 liquid phase composition of the products
No name composition,%
1 vinylidene chloride 3.2
2-Dichloroethylene 4.8
11.9 cis-dichloroethylene
4 Dichloroethane 0
5 trichloroethylene 37.4
6 Trichloroethane 5.8
7 tetrachloroethylene 14.1
81, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane 9.6
91, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane 5.8
10 pentachloroethane 6.9
11 hexachloroethane 0.55
12 high boiling point substance 0.05
Example 4
The same reaction was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the reaction temperature was changed, and the composition was the same as that listed in Table 5 of example 3. The reaction was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 reaction conditions
Catalyst and process for preparing same 500 g
1, 2-dichloroethane 0.77 mol/h
Cl2 1.55 mol/h
N2 1.84 mol/h
Temperature of 370 ℃
Time of day 18 s
The composition of the product was analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the results shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 liquid phase composition of the products
No name composition,%
1 vinylidene chloride 2.1
2-Dichloroethylene 3.2
3-cis-dichloroethylene 8.4
4 Dichloroethane 0
5 trichloroethylene 41.1
6 Trichloroethane 3.4
7 tetrachloroethylene 17.3
81, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane 10.2
91, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane 5.8
10 pentachloroethane 7.8
11 hexachloroethane 1.1
12 high boiling point substance 0.15
Example 5
The same reaction was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the reaction temperature was changed, and the composition was the same as that listed in Table 7 of example 4. The reaction was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9 reaction conditions
Catalyst and process for preparing same 500 g
1, 2-dichloroethane 0.58 mol/h
Cl2 1.16 mol/h
N2 1.38 mol/h
Temperature of 370 ℃
Time of day 24 s
The composition of the product was analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the results shown in Table 10.
TABLE 10 composition of the liquid phase in the product
No name composition,%
1 vinylidene chloride 1.9
2-Dichloroethylene 2.6
3-cis-Dichloroethylene 6.7
4 Dichloroethane 0
5 trichloroethylene 37.2
6 trichloroethane 6.3
7 tetrachloroethylene 16.9
81, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane 12.7
91, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane 5.8
10 pentachloroethane 8.7
11 hexachloroethane 1.5
12 high boiling substance 0.2
Example 6
The same reaction was carried out as in example 1 except that the amount of the catalyst used was changed, and the composition was the same as that shown in Table 1. The reaction was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 11.
TABLE 11 reaction conditions
Catalyst and process for preparing same 100 g
1, 2-dichloroethane 0.77 mol/h
Cl2 1.55 mol/h
N2 3.84 mol/h
T 340 ℃
t 18 s
The composition of the product was analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the results shown in Table 12.
TABLE 12 liquid phase composition of the products
No name composition,%
1 vinylidene chloride 7.5
2-Dichloroethylene 7.2
3-cis-Dichloroethylene 15.3
4-Dichloroethane 8.9
5 trichloroethylene 29
6 Trichloroethane 5.4
7 tetrachloroethylene 12.4
81, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane 8.4
91, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane 3.1
10 pentachloroethane 2.8
11 hexachloroethane 0.53
12 high boiling substance 0.01
Example 7
The same reaction was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the temperature was increased as compared with example 6 in the same manner as in example 6, and the composition of each reactant and the reaction conditions were the same as in example 6, as shown in Table 13.
TABLE 13 reaction conditions
Catalyst and process for preparing same 600 g
1, 2-dichloroethane 7.7 mol/h
Cl2 15.5 mol/h
N2 38.4 mol/h
T 380 ℃
t 18 s
The composition of the product was analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the results shown in Table 14.
TABLE 14 composition of the liquid phase in the product
No name composition,%
1 vinylidene chloride 7.4
2-Dichloroethylene 6.9
3-cis-dichloroethylene 12.6
4 Dichloroethane 0.1
5 trichloroethylene 32
6 Trichloroethane 5.4
7 tetrachloroethylene 17.4
81, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane 9.7
91, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane 5.7
10 pentachloroethane 2.7
11 hexachloroethane 0.53
12 high boiling substance 0.09
Example 8
The same reaction was carried out as in example 1, except that the composition of each reactant and the reaction conditions were the same as in example 7, and N was added2To CO2See table 15.
TABLE 15 reaction conditions
Catalyst and process for preparing same 600 g
EDC 7.7 mol/h
Cl2 15.5 mol/h
CO2 38.4 mol/h
T 380 ℃
t 18 s
The composition of the product was analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the results shown in Table 16.
TABLE 16 liquid phase composition of the products
No name composition,%
1 vinylidene chloride 7.2
2-Dichloroethylene 7.1
11.8 cis-dichloroethylene
4 Dichloroethane 0
5 trichloroethylene 34
6 Trichloroethane 4.3
7 tetrachloroethylene 18.2
81, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane 8.9
91, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane 5.3
10 pentachloroethane 3.1
11 hexachloroethane 0.8
12 high boiling substance 0.12
Example 9
The same reaction, each reactant composition and reaction strip were carried out in the same manner as in example 1Same as example 7, but N2Changed into Ar2See table 17.
Wherein: the catalyst comprises the following components:
(SiO2)x1(Al2O3)x2(C)x3(CuO)x4(CuCl2)x5(Fe2O3)x6；
wherein the mole percentage of each component is as follows: x is the number of1＝90％，x2＝4％，x3＝2％，x4＝1％，x5＝0％，x6＝3％
TABLE 17 reaction conditions
Catalyst and process for preparing same 600 g
EDC 7.7 mol/h
Cl2 15.5 mol/h
Ar2 38.4 mol/h
T 380 ℃
t 18 s
The composition of the product was analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the results shown in Table 18.
TABLE 18 composition of the liquid phasesin the product
No name composition,%
1 vinylidene chloride 6.9
2-Dichloroethylene 7.3
3 cis-dichloroethylene 13.2
4 Dichloroethane 0
5 trichloroethylene 33.9
6 Trichloroethane 4.7
7 tetrachloroethylene 17.4
81, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane 8.7
91, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane 4.8
10 pentachloroethane 3.6
11 hexachloroethane 0.75
12 high boiling substance 0.08

Claims (7)

1. The method for preparing the chlorinated hydrocarbon by the catalytic thermal cracking of the 1, 2-dichloroethane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
introducing 1, 2-dichloroethane, chlorine and inert gas serving as diluents into a tubular reactor provided with a catalyst, and then collecting chlorohydrocarbon from reaction products;
the reaction pressure is 101.3 kPa-500 kPa, the reaction temperature is 245-580 ℃, and the reaction time is 1 s-35;
the composition of the catalyst is (SiO)2)x1(Al2O3)x2(C)x3(CuO)x4(CuCl2)x5(Fe2O3)x6Wherein the mole percentage of each component is as follows: x is the number of1＝10～95％，x2＝4-85％，x3＝0～5％，x4＝1～10％，x5＝0～8％，x6＝0～5％。
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said chlorinated hydrocarbon comprises one or a mixture of chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloroethane or pentachloroethane.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction pressure is 110kPa to 250kPa, the reaction temperature is 280 ℃ to 480 ℃ and the reaction time is 10s to 30 s.
4. The process according to claim 3, wherein the reaction pressure is 120kPa to 200kPa, the reaction temperature is 310 ℃ to 380 ℃ and the reaction time is 18s to 26 s.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein 1, 2-dichloroethaneWith Cl2The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 0.8 to 3.0;
the mol ratio of the diluent to the 1, 2-dichloroethane is 0.5-6;
the mass ratio of the catalyst to the 1, 2-dichloroethane is 0.01 to 0.1 (w/w).
6. The method of claim 5, wherein 1, 2-dichloroethane and Cl are employed2The molar ratio of (a) is 1.2-2.5, and the molar ratio of the diluent to the 1, 2-dichloroethane is 1-5 mol/mol;
7. the method of claim 6, wherein 1, 2-dichloroethane and Cl are employed2The molar ratio of (a) to (b) is 1.5 to 2.2, and the molar ratio of the diluent to the 1, 2-dichloroethane is 1.5 to 4 mol/mol.
CN 200410054327 2004-09-07 2004-09-07 Method for catalytic thermal cracking preparation of hydrochloric ether from 1,2-dichloroethane Pending CN1629109A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101514139B (en) * 2009-03-31 2011-09-07 上海氯碱化工股份有限公司 Method for preparing vinyl chloride using dichloroethane as raw material
CN102267863A (en) * 2011-05-16 2011-12-07 江苏安迪化学药业有限公司 Method for preparing trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene from dichloroethane as raw material

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101514139B (en) * 2009-03-31 2011-09-07 上海氯碱化工股份有限公司 Method for preparing vinyl chloride using dichloroethane as raw material
CN102267863A (en) * 2011-05-16 2011-12-07 江苏安迪化学药业有限公司 Method for preparing trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene from dichloroethane as raw material
CN102267863B (en) * 2011-05-16 2013-09-18 江苏安迪化学药业有限公司 Method for preparing trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene from dichloroethane as raw material

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