CN1621622A - Plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system - Google Patents
Plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1621622A CN1621622A CN 200410066164 CN200410066164A CN1621622A CN 1621622 A CN1621622 A CN 1621622A CN 200410066164 CN200410066164 CN 200410066164 CN 200410066164 A CN200410066164 A CN 200410066164A CN 1621622 A CN1621622 A CN 1621622A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses one kind of reinforcing purifying pre-reservoir system for treating the plain river network area. The reinforcing purifying pre-reservoir system includes four parts: surficial runoff colleting and regulating subsystem; depositing plant grating subsystem; reinforcing purifying ecological permeable dam subsystem; and pre-reservoir area. The said four parts are connected successively to form one complete reinforcing purifying pre-reservoir system for treating the plain river network area. The system can eliminate N and P containing nutritive salts, suspended solid and one pollutant from surficial runoff and other pollution sources to reduce pollution load. The present invention can reach the target of eliminating TN in 60 %, TP in 70 % and SS in 80 %, and the technology may be used in plain river network area.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the pollution of area source governing system, specifically the plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system.
Two, background technology
English pre-dam or the pre-reservoir of claiming in preposition storehouse, from late 1950s, Germany, Denmark, preceding Czech have successively carried out the research that utilizes preposition storehouse improvement body eutrophication and have put into practice (KlausP ü tz, J ü rgen Benndorf, The importance of pre-reservoirs for the controlof eutrophication of reservoirs, Water Science and Technology, 1998,37 (2): 317-324).In bridge reservoir and the control of Dian Chi pollution of area source, also used this technology in China, article introduction (Bian Jinzhong etc. are successively arranged, prevent and treat preposition storehouse countermeasure feasibility study in bridge reservoir eutrophication, urban environment and urban ecology, 1994,7 (3): 5-9 Yang Wenlong etc., the application study of preposition storehouse in the control of uncontamination source, Dian Chi, the Yunnan environmental science, 1996,15 (4): 8-10.)。
Classical preposition storehouse is to build a dam going into the exit of a lake, builds up the small reservoir that is positioned at main body lake and reservoir upstream, is used to hold back the pollutant that enters the main body reservoir.In domestic and international research in the past, preposition storehouse is arranged on the knob more, need utilize natural gradient, tackle silt and N, P nutriment, and structure is single, and a retaining reservoir area is only arranged, and classical preposition storehouse does not still have the precedent of application in the plain river network area.
Three, summary of the invention
1, the technical problem that will solve
(pollution of area source is the notion that proposes at point-source pollution at basin, Plain pollution of area source, be meant and do not have fixing floss hole, multiple spot disperses discharging) serious, by making up the surface source pollution reinforced cleaning system in plain river network preposition storehouse, area, with N, P nutritive salt, suspended solid in villages and small towns surface flow and other the untreated pollution sources in the removal basin.
2, technical scheme
The plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system specifically comprises 4 parts:
(1) surface flow is collected and is regulated subsystem (ecological canal):
Length is more than 100 meters, collect by surface flow and the untreated sanitary sewage that rainfall is produced, carry out preliminary treatment, preliminary treatment mainly is to remove a part of suspension by the function that river channel natural purifies, and minor N, P nutriment realize.In design can be by excavating irrigation canals and ditches or utilizing existing waterway irrigation canals and ditches appropriate reconstruction, in conjunction with the ecological canal technology, the collection surface flow is is also regulated and stored; The function of regulating system is to adjust water level, and controlled water flow can be utilized and set up the lock station and realize.
(2) sedimentation subsystem (plant grid):
Length is 10～100 meters, and two sides bank protection width is respectively 1～5 meter, and biological grid is arranged in the riverbed.The ecological river bed irrigation canals and ditches riverbed of reservoir area inlet that utilizes forms in conjunction with artificial swamp principle structure, is based upon ecological canal (gathering system) rear portion, is major function with particle, the silt of removing in the surface flow mainly.This part main planting aquatic plants, the very water plant based on density height (10cm kind plant at interval) builds up biological grid, plays interception, precipitation process, simultaneously the N in the surface flow, P and other organic pollution is also had certain removal effect;
(3) ecological permeable dam (ecological permeable dam strengthened purification subsystem):
Ruckle is built and is formed the gravel bed as dam body, permeable dike dam body road direction width along the river is 1～15 meter, utilize gravel to construct ecological permeable dam, permeable dike is crossed water in the seepage flow mode, before making the dam, the reservoir area keeps certain water-head behind the dam, at this moment solve the problem that the runoff gathering of the plains region of knowing clearly is gone into the reservoir area.The gravel berth is behind ecological permeable dam, and N, P and organic pollution are efficiently removed in the microorganism acting in conjunction around plant, gravel hole and the root system of plant of the plantation of gravel bed.
(4) preposition Kuku district:
Behind permeable dike, set up preposition Kuku district.At first according to catchment area, the situation of regional rainfall is determined storage capacity, estimation pollution load intensity.Utilization has biologic float bed, the bio operon technology, water plant band, immobilization denitrogenation dephosphorizing microorganism of efficient catharsis etc., strengthens and removes N, P, organic pollution.
More than four parts be in turn connected to form a complete plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system, behind the surface flow and polluted-water collection of ecological canal with the rainfall generation, carry out preliminary treatment, surface flow after the preliminary treatment flows into ecological river bed, water outlet behind the interception of biological grid, deposit seed thing and the silt in ecological river bed enters ecological permeable dam, last remittance preposition Kuku district after the microorganism acting in conjunction around plant, gravel hole and the root system of plant of the gravel bed plantation by ecological permeable dam.
Also water conservancy diversion and reclaiming system can be set in the reservoir area, after rainwater is introduced preposition storehouse during heavy rain, can flow out by flow guide system, the water outlet after the processing can reuse, also can fully utilize through reclaiming system.Mainly,, prevent that the reservoir area is excessive cruelly, efflux or surface flow that the reuse purified treatment is crossed in order to control reservoir water level by building or existing lock, station are formed water conservancy diversion and reclaiming system.
Can be at ecological river bed bank protection plantation shrub, turf, the water plant in the riverbed is an emergent aquactic plant.Ecological permeable dam is made of dam body and plant, plant can also can be terrestrial plant for water plant, water plant is often adopted emergent aquactic plant, effective when adopting following plant: reed, canna, tawny daylily, cattail, Chinese celery, vetiver, calamus, the width of dam body bottom is greater than the width at top.Ecological permeable dam gravel bed is made of sand stone layer, layer of gravel and boulder bed.
Can build the treatment effeciency of preposition storehouse according to following condition: 1. select irrigation canals and ditches, river, pool or low-lying land, build or transform, build up prepositive library system with the workload and the raising system of minimizing engineering; 2. at watershed, runoff is easy to collect, and nearer apart from ingoing river, lake inlet mouth, the draining facility; 3. it is clear that related network of waterways water system flows to; 4. system's design technology parameter and hydraulic structure optimize and combine; 5. have the biotic population of efficient treatment effect by means of the locality growth again, do not introduce alien species.6. preposition Kuku holds can be tentatively definite by following formula: (V is that preposition Kuku holds m to V=S*H in the formula
3, H is average annual amount of precipitation mm, S is the collection area m of surface flow
2)
3, beneficial effect
The plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system is according to mechanism such as physics sedimentation and water plant, microbial cleanings, remove nutritive salt, suspended solid and organic pollutions such as N, P in surface flow and other the untreated pollution sources, reduce and go into the lake pollution loading amount, effectively control pollution of area source.By the synergy of 4 subsystems, can realize removing TN:60%, TP:70%, the target of SS:80%.For the area preposition storehouse construction of Taihu Lake and other plain river network, pollution of area source control provide science, effectively can be for the technology of using for reference.
The each several part treatment effect sees the following form
The treatment effect of each system
| System architecture | Treatment effect |
| Ecological canal and ecological river bed | SS clearance 70% is removed TN10%, TP5%. |
| Ecological permeable dam strengthened purification subsystem | TN clearance 30-55%, TP clearance 30-60%, SS clearance 5-8%. |
| Preposition reservoir area strengthened purification subsystem | TN clearance 30-40%, TP clearance 35-50%, SS clearance 5-10%. |
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system.
Five, the specific embodiment
Son special topic in conjunction with " network of waterways area surface source pollution control complete set technology (2002AA601012) " of national high-tech research development plan, set up preposition storehouse strengthened purification system in Yixing City Da Pu town, Jiangsu Province Pu Nan village (TAI HU AREA), be applied to the pollution of area source control of Plain River Network Areas rural area.
About 3 square kilometres of the catchment area of this system has 4 rivers in the capture range.The main body reservoir area is taken up an area of about 16000 square metres.About 3.6 kilometers of gathering system length, about 700 meters of sedimenting system.Particular content is as follows.
(1) ecological canal (surface flow is collected and regulated subsystem)
The stream of clearing up has 4, i.e. A, B, C, D.The design essential characteristic such as the following table in every stream.
The design essential characteristic in stream, engineering region
| The river course | ????A | ????B | ????C | ????D |
| Length (m) | ????1000 | ????1054 | ????547 | ????1056 |
| River bed design wide (m) | ????10 | ????3～7 | ????6 | ????6 |
| The side slope design | ????1∶1.5 | ????1∶1.5 | ????1∶1.5 | ????1∶1.5 |
| River bed design altitude (m) | ????1.884 | ????1.884 | ????1.884 | ????1.884 |
| Design peak level (m) | ????4.084 | ????4.084 | ????4.084 | ????4.084 |
| The design section shape | Ladder type | Compound ladder type | Compound ladder type | Ladder type |
* annotate: elevation is Wusong elevation system.
(2) ecological river bed (sedimentation subsystem)
The entrance and the both sides thereof that enter channel at surface flow are provided with ecological tableland, at the domatic structure ecological revetment of channel, biological grid is set in the channel before permeable dike, constitutes ecological canal sedimentation subsystem jointly, as the primary treatment unit of whole strengthened purification system.
The sedimenting system of Pu Nan and thick and engineering is laid in the lakeside highway to the river course of 220 meters scopes between the people road, makes up biological grid before ecological tableland, ecological revetment band and the dam.
The sedimenting system that engineering is shown disrespect in the river is laid in people road with in preceding 400 meters river courses, No. 3 dams, makes up biological grid before ecological tableland, ecological revetment band and the dam.
Ecological revetment band and biological grid are then only laid in preceding 100 meters river courses, No. 2 dams that are used to regulate.
Pu Nan and thick and engineering sedimenting system:
Ecological revetment is long to be 220m, and wide respectively is 2.5m, lays three vegetational zones along the domatic isohypse of channel, plantation shrub, turf; The tableland is long to be 220m, and wide respectively is 1.5m, and elevation is 3.3m, the tableland planting aquatic plants; Biological building block and gabion are laid in surface flow inlet below, and gabion is the long 5m of flow path direction along the river, high 1m, wide 1m; Biological grid is positioned to the west of the highway of lakeside, apart from No. 1 Ba30mChu, is made up of native stone bed base and emergent aquactic plant, and long is 25m, and wide is 9m, the basic elevation 3.1m of bed.
The engineering sedimenting system is shown disrespect in the river:
Ecological revetment is long to be 400m, and wherein 250 meters are arranged between the highway of people road to lakeside, and 150 meters are arranged in the lakeside highway with before No. 3 permeable dikes, and wide respectively is 2.5m, lays three vegetational zones along the domatic isohypse of channel, plantation shrub, turf; The tableland is long to be 400m, and wide respectively is 1.5m, and elevation is 3.3m, ecological tableland plantation emergent aquactic plant (reed, wild rice stem, Scirpus tabernaemontani); Fascine (being made of wicker) is laid in surface flow inlet below, and fascine is the long 5m of flow path direction along the river, high 1m, wide 1m; Biological grid is made up of native stone bed base and emergent aquactic plant (calamus and cattail) apart from No. 3 dam 30m, and long is 20m, and wide is 9m, the basic elevation 3.1m of bed.
Biological grid before No. 2 dams that are used to regulate apart from No. 2 dam 20m, is made up of native stone bed base and emergent aquactic plant (Scirpus tabernaemontani, calamus), and long is 20m, and wide is 9m, the basic elevation 3.1m of bed; The ecological revetment belt length is 70m, and wide respectively is 2.5m.
Ecological revetment adopts mixed sowing of turf grass and the cuttage two kinds of composite constructions of branch of living, and Pu Nan is about 1450m with thick with engineering bank protection area
2, the about 1250m of engineering bank protection area is shown disrespect in the river
2Thick and engineering and river are shown disrespect on tableland, both sides, engineering river course emergent aquactic plant cultivated area and are respectively 660m
2And 750m
2Pu Nan and the thick and biological grid bedsoil of engineering stone volume 195m
3, plantation emergent aquactic plant 200m
2, the biological grid bedsoil of engineering stone volume 258m is shown disrespect in the river
3, plantation emergent aquactic plant 240m
2, biological grid bedsoil stone volume 168m before No. 2 dams that are used to regulate
3, plantation emergent aquactic plant 180m
2
(3) ecological permeable dam and gravel bed
Ecological permeable dam is built by heap by gravel and is formed, and has 3, i.e. No. 1 dam share of Pu Nan and thick river conservancy worker's journey, and No. 3 dams of engineering are shown disrespect in the river, and are positioned at thick and east side, engineering reservoir area, No. 2 dams that are used to regulate.
No. 1 dam: dam length: 25m, dam bottom width degree: 13.6m, width at dam crest: 2.6m, crest elevation: 4.084m, elevation river course pan soil elevation is identical at the bottom of the dam.
No. 2 dams: dam length: 20m, dam bottom width degree: 13.6m, width at dam crest 2.6m, crest elevation: 4.084m, elevation is identical with the river course pan soil elevation of shown position at the bottom of the dam.
No. 3 dams: dam length: 30m, dam bottom width degree: 17.6m, width at dam crest 6m, crest elevation: 4.084m, elevation is identical with river course pan soil elevation at the bottom of the dam.
1, No. 3 dams are formed by dam body, ventilation installation and botanical system, and No. 2 the dam is made up of dam body and plant (rye grass, sudangrass) system.Peak level is 4.1m before the dam, normal operating water level 3.7m; Peak level 3.5m behind the dam, ordinary water level elevation 3.3m.
The gravel bed
The gravel bed is laid on the river course behind Pu Nan and the thick and engineering permeable dike.The about 2100m of its area
2, end face absolute altitude 3.5m, bottom surface absolute altitude 2.6m, the about 75m of length, width 25～30m.The grating of gravel bed is the sandstone of thickness 20cm, diameter 1～4mm from top to bottom; The gravel of thickness 30cm, diameter 4～8mm; The cobble of thickness 50cm, diameter 16～32mm.
Gravel bed district road center line along the river is divided into two parts with brick wall, and each several part is divided into 4 zone along the every 15m of water (flow) direction with partition wall, 5m at interval between the zone.
(4) preposition Kuku district
The reservoir area normal design depth of water is 2.5m, and the bottom of the reservior elevation is 0.9m, and phytal zone, the reservoir area normal design depth of water is 1.0m, and the river bed elevation is 2.4m, arranges the water plant district.The area on island, center, reservoir area is 223m
2, ground elevation is 4.0m.
Be provided with one on the side slope of reservoir area and widely be the platform of 2m, elevation is 2.9m.Plant emergent aquactic plant on the platform.
The ecological engineering of reservoir area mainly comprises the terrestrial plant buffer zone of biology (attitude) floating bed system, bio operon system, wetland plant cleaning system and reservoir area periphery etc.
Biological (attitude) floating bed
Engineering is arranged in around reservoir area water-in and water-out place and the rotary island, and the gross area accounts for the water surface about 20%.Plantation flowers and vegetables (canna, water spinach, Chinese celery) inoculate immobilization efficient denitrification, dephosphorization bacterium simultaneously above.
Bio operon
Big, growth rapid, the bulky algae (diatom) of cultivation biomass in the reservoir area, or plantation biomass big, grow submerged plant (waterweed), floatingleaved plant (duckweed, water lettuce) rapidly, nutriments such as N, P in a large amount of absorption water bodys, culture dissimilar fish (grass carp, bream) and other aquatile according to the food chain relation simultaneously, nutriments such as N, P are shifted away by fishing for aquatic products.
Wetland plant purifies band
Lay long 20 meters, wide 20 meters vegetational zone (as water lily etc.) at the reservoir area delivery port, simultaneously planting aquatic plants (as reed, wild rice stem, water arum, arrowhead, Lythrum salicaria, Scirpus tabernaemontani etc.) on the wide platform of 3.4 meters 1.5m of elevation place on the side slope of reservoir area absorbs the nutriments such as N, P in the water body.
The terrestrial plant buffer zone
The wide shrubbery of plantation on the periphery 1110m embankment of reservoir area, the wide grassed slope of side slope plantation 1m.
(5) water conservancy diversion and reuse subsystem
Water conservancy diversion of this demonstration project and reclaiming system mainly are made up of lock, station, in order to the control reservoir water level, prevent that the reservoir area is excessive cruelly, efflux or surface flow that the reuse purified treatment is crossed.
The river course reaches following design standard by desilting: D river course crest level east bank is 4.6m, the west bank is 4.4m, and the crest level of Lin Zhuan port sluice downstream river course is 4.7m, and other river course crest level is 4.9m, all river bed, river course elevations are 1.9m, and side slope is 1: 1.5.
Pass through the residential block and establish gravity cemented rock retaining wall apart from the nearer section of buildings such as house.To dig deeply along the gutter of Da Pu middle school enclosure wall, the river bed elevation is 2.4m, crest level 4.9m, bottom width 0.5m.
The original check gate of hydraulic department 4 places, near the promptly thick and Yin Tianmen lock of Gang Xizha, He Du port Xi Zha, D river and Da Pu port intersection control sluice and old Town Government all need transform two-way control sluice as.
Except that utilizing hydraulic department existing D river and Da Pu port intersection pumping plant and thick and the western pumping plant in port, reconstruct a check gate, a pumping plant.Design discharge of pumping station 1.0m
3/ s.
Water outlet by after the native system processing enters Lin Zhuangang, finally enters Taihu Lake.The native system water outlet realizes that finally silt, P, N removal reach 90%, 80%, 70%.
When implement in other areas, can finish the construction of plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system by means of existing irrigation canals and ditches, reservoir area, lock, station transformation, to reduce workload.
Claims (9)
1. plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system is characterized in that comprising following four parts:
(1) surface flow is collected and is regulated subsystem, and irrigation canals and ditches length is excavated irrigation canals and ditches or utilized plain river network area irrigation canals and ditches to reconstruct in conjunction with the ecological canal technology greater than 100 meter;
(2) sedimentation subsystem, length are 10～100 meters, and the two sides bank protection is wide to be respectively 1～5 meter, utilize the irrigation canals and ditches riverbed of reservoir area inlet to form in conjunction with artificial swamp principle structure, and planting aquatic plants is built up biological grid;
(3) ecological permeable dam, ruckle are built and are formed, and permeable dike dam body road direction width along the river is 1～15 meter;
(4) preposition Kuku district, area is not less than 50m
2, design head is 1.0～3.0m, adopts wherein a kind of of biologic float bed, bio operon technology, water plant band, immobilization denitrogenation dephosphorizing microorganism or appoints several schemes;
More than four parts link to each other successively and form a complete plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system, behind the surface flow and untreated polluted-water collection of ecological canal with the rainfall generation, flow into ecological river bed, enter ecological permeable dam after the biological grid effect in ecological river bed, by the last preposition Kuku district that imports behind the ecological permeable dam.
2. plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the reservoir area is provided with water conservancy diversion and reclaiming system, after rainwater is introduced preposition storehouse during heavy rain, can flow out by flow guide system, the water outlet after the processing also can fully utilize through reclaiming system.
3. plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that being provided with two-way gate, pumping plant regulator control system, flows in order to normal design water level and the water body that keeps system.
4. plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system according to claim 2 is characterized in that building the gravel bed behind the permeable dike, plantation plant on the bed.
5. plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system according to claim 2 is characterized in that sedimentation subsystem riverbed bank protection plantation shrub, turf, and water plant is emergent aquactic plant, submerged plant.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 or 4 described plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library systems, it is characterized in that ecological permeable dam and gravel bed are made of sand stone layer, layer of gravel and boulder bed.
7. plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system according to claim 6 is characterized in that ecological permeable dam is made of dam body and plant, and the width of dam body bottom is greater than the width at top.
8. according to claim 4 or 5 described plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library systems, it is characterized in that water plant is that biomass is big, fluitante or submerged plant rapidly grow.
9. according to claim 4 or 5 described plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library systems, it is characterized in that biologic float bed is to pull or bamboo is that buoyancy aid is planted flowers or vegetables thereon with plastic foam; The bio operon technology is to cultivate fluitante or submerged plant in the reservoir area, cultured fishes simultaneously or results plant.
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