CN1614199A - 涡轮覆环的弹簧质量阻尼器*** - Google Patents

涡轮覆环的弹簧质量阻尼器*** Download PDF

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CN1614199A
CN1614199A CN200410090373.9A CN200410090373A CN1614199A CN 1614199 A CN1614199 A CN 1614199A CN 200410090373 A CN200410090373 A CN 200410090373A CN 1614199 A CN1614199 A CN 1614199A
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ring
damper
damper block
piston
spring
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CN100430574C (zh
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M·S·施罗德尔
R·R·凯罗
C·格雷西
T·G·维策尔
K·L·布鲁斯
A·W·米勒
R·P·尼默
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General Electric Co PLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/005—Selecting particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/04—Antivibration arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/246—Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Abstract

该阻尼器***包括一个部分地形成涡轮的热气体通道的一个陶瓷复合材料的覆环(12)，一个由弹簧偏移的活塞(32)和一个阻尼器块体(16)。该阻尼器块件支承在该覆环的背部表面(22)上，以衰减相对于热气体通道的压力脉冲的该覆环的振动响应，从而可避免在共振频率附近或在其上的响应。该阻尼器块体具有突起部分(20)，它支承在该覆环上，用于衰减该覆环的频率响应和在该覆环与该阻尼器块体之间形成一个隔热层。

Description

涡轮覆环的弹簧质量阻尼器***
技术领域
本发明涉及用于衰减包围涡轮的热气体通道中回转零件的覆环的振动的一种阻尼***，尤其涉及一种弹簧质量阻尼***，当每一个涡轮叶片通过该单独的覆环时，该***与一个陶瓷覆环接合，并调节该覆环，以最大限度地减少由热气体通道中的压力脉冲产生的振动响应。
背景技术
陶瓷基体复合材料作为在涡轮中，与该热气体通道连接的覆环材料有其优点。该陶瓷复合材料的温度容量大。当每一个叶片通过该覆环时，该覆环受到由热气体的压力脉冲引起的振动。另外，因为该叶片接近于高速回转，振动可能在或接近共振频率处产生，因此需要阻尼，以保持在该涡轮长期的商业运转过程中的寿命。然而，陶瓷复合材料很难连接，并容易损坏。例如磨损，由于离子向金属转移造成的氧化，应力集中和当将该复合材料成形与金属零件连接时，该陶瓷复合材料损坏。因此，需要对与动态有关的问题作出响应，即考虑将陶瓷复合材料的覆环与涡轮的金属零件连接，以减少不利的模态响应。
发明概述
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种陶瓷复合材料覆环和一个金属支承结构之间的连接机构。该机构利用加在该覆环上的压力分布，与该覆环上的负载结合，调节该覆环，将叶片通过该覆环时，由热气体的压力脉冲产生的损坏性振动响应减至最小。为了达到上述目的，在本发明的一个方面中，提供了一个弹簧质量阻尼***。该***包括一个陶瓷复合材料覆环/阻尼块体，一个阻尼器负载转移机构和一个阻尼机构。该阻尼器块体包括至少三个突起部分，用于与该覆环的背面接合，从而将该阻尼器块体表面与该覆环的背面隔开，形成一个对流隔热层和减小在该阻尼器块体上的热负荷。该三个突起部分沿着该阻尼器块体放置，以衰减该***的动态响应。该负载转移机构包括一个具有带有该阻尼器块体的一个球窝对的活塞，可与在外覆环块体的凹窝区域中的一个弹簧阻尼机构共同工作。该球窝对使用一个销固定***，可允许该活塞和阻尼器块体之间有相对运动。还设有局部薄膜冷却，以增强该连接的抗长期磨损能力。该活塞通过该隔热垫圈和该金属垫圈与该弹簧接合，该二个垫圈则密封在装有冷却介质的一个杯形件内。该冷却介质将该弹簧的温度保持在一个温度极限以下，以便保持在该覆环上的确定的预加负荷。从下面的说明中可以了解本发明的各个其他方面。
在根据本发明的一个优选实施例中，提供了一种涡轮级的阻尼器***。该***包括一个覆环，它具有部分地形成通过该涡轮的热气体通道的第一个表面；一个支承该覆环的覆环体；具有至少三个从一个表面突起的突起部分，与该覆环的与该第一个表面相对的背面表面接合的阻尼器块体；和一个阻尼机构。该阻尼机构安装在该覆环体上，并与该阻尼器块体连接，用于通过该突起部分与该覆环的背部表面接合，将负载加在该阻尼器块体和该覆环上，从而衰减该覆环的振动运动。
在根据本发明的另一个优选实施例中，提供了涡轮级的一个阻尼器***。该***包括由陶瓷材料制成的，具有部分地形成通过该涡轮的热气体通道的第一个表面的一个覆环；一个支承该覆环的覆环体；一个安装在该覆环体上，并与该覆环接合的阻尼器块体；和一个阻尼机构。该阻尼器块体由金属材料制成，该阻尼机构安装在该覆环体上，并与该阻尼器块体连接，用于将负载加在该阻尼器块体和该覆环上，以衰减该覆环的振动运动。该阻尼机构包括一个弹簧，用于将负载加在该阻尼器块体上。
附图的简要说明
图1为在围绕着涡轮轴线的圆周方向看的，通过一个外覆环块体的横截面图，它表示根据本发明的一个优选的阻尼器***；
图2为在相对于涡轮的热气体通道的向前轴向方向看的阻尼器***的横截面图；
图3为表示带有与覆环的背面接合的突出部分的阻尼器块体的内表面的透视图；和
图4为表示该阻尼器的负载转移机构和阻尼机构的一部分的放大的横截面图。
发明的详细说明
图1和图2表示安装多个覆环12的一个外覆环块体或体10。图1为圆周方向的视图，图2为在与通过该涡轮的热气体流流动方向相反的向前轴向方向看的视图。从图2中可看出，该覆环块体10上装有三个单独的覆环12。多个覆环块体10放置成围绕该涡轮轴线的圆周组形式；并且安装多个围绕和形成流过该涡轮的热气体通道的一部分的覆环12。该覆环12由陶瓷复合材料制成，并利用没有示出的螺钉固定在该覆环块体10上。该覆环12还具有与该热气体通道中的热气体接触的第一个内表面11(图2)。
本发明的阻尼器***包括一个阻尼器块体/覆环界面，一个阻尼器负载转移机构和一个阻尼机构。该阻尼器块体/覆环界面包括一个由金属材料(例如PM2000)制成的阻尼器块体16。该材料为具有高达2200°F的高温使用极限的一种超级合金材料。如图1和图3所示，该阻尼器块体16的径向向内表面18(图3)包括至少三个与该覆环12的背离表面22(图1)接合的突起部分20。突起部分20的尺寸可将足够大的负载在该覆环12上分配，同时减小对磨损和在该覆环12和阻尼器块体16之间的粘接的敏感性。该突起部分20的位置取决于所希望的***的动态响应。该动态响应由***自然频率振动响应试验和模态分析确定。结果可预先确定该突起部分20的位置。
二个突起部分20a和20b沿着该阻尼器块体16的前边缘设置，并靠近该阻尼器块体的相对的侧面。结果，该突起部分20a和20b相对该阻尼器块体16的侧面，沿着其前边缘对称设置。剩下的突起部分20c靠近该阻尼器块体16的后边缘，并向着该阻尼器块体的一个侧面。这样，该后部突起部分20c沿着该块体16的后边缘设置，并相对于该阻尼器块体16的侧面不对称。采用这种结构，该突起部分20在该阻尼器块体16和该覆环12的背面之间形成一个很大的隔热空间(即对流隔热层)。这样可减少作用在该阻尼器块体上的热负荷。该突起部分20还可补偿通常陶瓷复合材料覆环表面所具有的表面粗糙度变化。
该阻尼器负载转移机构30包括一个活塞组件。该组件具有通过在该覆环块体16上作出的孔34的一个活塞32。该活塞32的径向内端或远端为一个球36，它放置在该阻尼器块体16中作出的一个互补的凹窝38内，从而形成球窝对39。从图2中可清楚地看出，与该球36隔开一定距离的该活塞的侧面直径比该球和销子40小。该销子40沿着该活塞的相对的侧面，用焊接固定在该阻尼器块体16上，以保持该阻尼器块体16和该活塞32之间的连接。该连接允许在该活塞32和该块体16之间有相对运动。
在轴向沿着该活塞作出一个中心冷却通路42，其终端为二个薄膜冷却孔44，用于将冷却介质(例如，压缩机的排出空气)送入该球窝对，该冷却介质(例如压缩机排出的空气)从该阻尼器块体10的径向外侧的一个冷却介质源，通过下述的阻尼机构供给。如图4所示，该活塞的侧面带有至少二个沿径向向外突出，轴向隔开的活塞环槽脊48。该活塞环槽脊48可减少由于氧化和/或在长期连续工作过程中产生的磨损造成的轴与该阻尼器块体10的孔粘接的危险。
该阻尼器负载转移机构还分别包括放置在上面的金属制的垫圈和隔热的垫圈50和52。该垫圈放置上该活塞32所带的一个杯形件54中。该金属垫圈50为该隔热垫圈52提供支承，而该隔热垫圈则由整块的陶瓷氮化硅树脂制成。该隔热垫圈52通过与该阻尼器块体12接触，阻断该活塞的传热通道。
该阻尼机构包括一个弹簧60。作为保证结构柔顺性一致的装置，该弹簧要在装配之前，在一定的温度和负载下进行预处理。该弹簧60安装在沿着该覆环块体10的背面作出的一个杯形壳体62内。该弹簧的一端预先加载，与该隔热垫圈52接合，以沿径向向内使活塞32偏移。弹簧60的相反一端与用螺纹固定在该壳体62上的一个盖64接合。该盖64有一个中心孔或通道67。可使压缩机排出空气的冷却流可在该壳体内流动，以将该弹簧的温度保持在预先确定的温度以下。该弹簧由低温金属合金制成，以便在该活塞上保持一个确定的预加负荷，并因此将该弹簧保持在预先确定的温度范围以下。冷却介质还送至冷却通道42和薄膜冷却孔44，以冷却该球窝对。通道65用于排出废的冷却介质。由该杯形件54保持的该金属垫圈50，在该隔热垫圈52断裂的情况下，可保证弹簧固定和预加负荷。
在工作中，该阻尼机构的弹簧60保持作用在该活塞32和该阻尼器块体16上的经向向内的力。该阻尼器块体16靠紧该覆环12的背部表面22，以衰减振动和避免在共振频率处或其附近的振动响应。
虽然已结合目前认为是最实际和优选的实施例说明了本发明，但应理解，本发明不是仅局限于所述的实施例。相反，在所附权利要求书的精神和范围内，它涵盖各种改进和等同的结构变化。
零件清单
10-外覆环块体，
11-内表面，
12-覆环，
16-阻尼器块体，
18-向内的表面，
20，20a，20b，20c-突起部分，
22-背部表面，
30-转移机构，
32-活塞，
34-孔，
36-球，
38-凹窝，
39-球窝对，
40-销，
42-冷却通道
44-薄膜冷却孔，
48-活塞环槽脊，
50，52-垫圈，
54-杯形件，
60-弹簧，
62-壳体，
64-盖，
67-通道，
65-通道。

Claims (10)

1.一种涡轮级的阻尼器***，它包括：
一个覆环(12)；它具有部分地限定通过该涡轮的热气体通道的第一个表面(11)；
支承所述覆环的一个覆环体(10)；
一个阻尼器块体(16)；它具有至少三个从其表面(18)突起的突起部分(20)，并与在所述第一个表面对面的所述覆环的背部表面(22)接合；和
一个阻尼机构(30)；它安装在所述覆环体上，并与所述阻尼器块体连接，以便通过该突起部分与该覆环的背部表面的接合，而将负载加在所述阻尼器块体和所述覆环上，从而衰减所述覆环的振动运动。
2.如权利要求1所述的***，其特征为，所述突起部分中的二个突起部分(20a，20b)沿相对于流过该涡轮的热气体流动方向的上游方向靠近所述阻尼器块体表面(18)的前边缘；而所述至少三个突起部分中的第三个突起部分(20c)靠近所述阻尼器块体的所述阻尼器块体表面中间侧的边缘。
3.如权利要求1所述的***，其特征为，该阻尼器块体表面(18)与该覆环的背部表面(22)由所述突起部分(20)隔开，以便在所述覆环和所述阻尼器块体之间形成一个隔热层。
4.如权利要求1所述的***，其特征为，所述覆环由陶瓷材料制成，而所述阻尼器块体由金属材料制成。
5.如权利要求1所述的***，其特征为，所述阻尼机构包括一个弹簧(60)和被所述弹簧偏压的一个活塞(32)，以便将负荷加在所述阻尼器块体上。
6.一种涡轮级的阻尼器***，它包括：
一个覆环(12)；它由陶瓷材料制成，具有部分地限定通过该涡轮的热气体通道的第一个表面(11)；
支承所述覆环的一个覆环体(10)；
安装在所述覆环体上并与所述覆环接合的一个阻尼器块体(16)；所述阻尼器块体由金属材料制成；和
一个阻尼机构(30)；它安装在所述覆环体上，并与所述阻尼器块体连接，以便将负荷加在所述阻尼器块体和所述覆环上，以衰减所述覆环的振动运动；所述阻尼机构包括一个将负载加在该阻尼器块体上的弹簧(60)。
7.如权利要求6所述的***，其特征为，包括一个所述弹簧的壳体(62)，与冷却介质连通，以冷却该弹簧。
8.如权利要求6所述的***，其特征为，所述阻尼机构包括一个活塞(32)，所述阻尼器块体由一个球窝对(39)固定在所述活塞上，并且沿着所述活塞至少有一个冷却通道(42)，用于将冷却介质输入该球窝对中。
9.如权利要求8所述的***，其特征为，所述活塞通过在所述覆环体中的一个孔(38)，并包括沿着通过该孔的活塞表面被此隔开的至少一对活塞环槽脊(48)，用于减小由于氧化和/或磨损造成的活塞和覆环块体的粘接。
10.如权利要求8所述的***，其特征为，它包括该弹簧的一个杯形壳体(62)；一个盖(64)，在该弹簧的相反一端和所述活塞之间的一个环形隔热垫圈(52)，和一个通入所述壳体中用于冷却该弹簧的冷却通道(67)；该盖(64)处在所述壳体的一端，所述弹簧的一端支靠在所述盖上。
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US7434670B2 (en) 2008-10-14

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