CN1610210A - Rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating method and system thereof - Google Patents
Rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating method and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1610210A CN1610210A CN 200410073302 CN200410073302A CN1610210A CN 1610210 A CN1610210 A CN 1610210A CN 200410073302 CN200410073302 CN 200410073302 CN 200410073302 A CN200410073302 A CN 200410073302A CN 1610210 A CN1610210 A CN 1610210A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B26/00—Tracks or track components not covered by any one of the preceding groups
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F11/00—Road engineering aspects of Embedding pads or other sensitive devices in paving or other road surfaces, e.g. traffic detectors, vehicle-operated pressure-sensitive actuators, devices for monitoring atmospheric or road conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/08—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/709—Piezoelectric means
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- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses piezoelectric electricity generating method and system utilizing vibration energy of vehicle track. Piezoelectric device is set in the vibration reducing layer of track, so that the vibration energy is utilized to generate electricity for storage and use. The piezoelectric electricity generating system includes at least one piezoelectric device set in the vibration reducing layer of track to convert the vibration energy into electric energy; one electric converter to regulate and convert the generated electric energy for accumulation or driving load; and one energy accumulator connected together. The present invention utilizes the vibration energy of vehicle track and may produce semi-active vibration reducing and noise lowering effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and system of stock rail generating, particularly a kind of rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating method and system thereof.
Background technology
The energy that can be used to generate electricity generally includes wind-force, waterpower, solar energy, nuclear energy and steam energy.Along with the continuous requirement to energy service efficiency and preservation, people have spent very big strength to develop those not used new energy sources.People developed some system and methods utilize vehicle in the process of moving their wheel bring the energy of road surface or track.
These systems generally can be divided into mechanical system, baric systerm and hydraulic system.
The mechanical system that downward power is generated electricity when typically utilizing vehicle ' comprises gear mechanism and other moving component.When being ordered about the downward pressure of automobile and reset easily, mechanical system orders about its pressure wearing and tearing up.As U.S.Pat.No.4,238,687, the disclosed system of Martinez.This system utilizes by turbine that the automobile of process generates electricity on the road.This turbine is driven by the depression movement of the arched arm that is connected with the rocking bar dish.The rocking bar dish is installed on the road surface.When automobile passed through them, these rocking bar dishes were pressed towards down.
Typical baric systerm comprises a pneumaticpiston.This pneumaticpiston on the way is used for transforming automobile by an installation and drives through the actuator of out-of-date downward power.As U.S.Pat.No.4,173,431, Smith discloses the aerostatic press and the system of road automobile start.This system generates electricity with electrical power generator of air running of compression.This road automobile start compressor reducer comprises an actuator that is down pushed away by the weight of the tire of the automobile of process.The reciprocating piston of actuator driving cylinder comes the air in the compression cylinder.Electrical power generator of the compressed air-driven of from cylinder, coming out.
Some systems utilize hydraulic pump to absorb automobile through out-of-date downward power, and convert it into useful merit, such as removing to drive an electrical power generator.As U.S.Pat.No.4,004,422, Le Van discloses the method and apparatus that a weight of utilizing the vehicles produces useful work.In road or track, insert the deformable cell that some have been full of liquid.Like this, automobile by the time its weight can cause the change in location of liquid wherein.The potential energy that liquid position changes constantly changes into mechanical or electrical energy.U.S.Pat.No.4 and for example, 130,064, Bridwell discloses one and has utilized the amount of exercise of moving vehicle and the system that weight produces the energy of being convenient to utilize.This system comprises a liquid displacement pump.This pump also is under the portable plate that places in the road or the rail bed between track.Utilize this pump can with automobile by the time energy change into the energy of being convenient to utilize.
Piezoelectric as a kind of desirable energy converting between mechanical material, has very high energy density, and its peak energy denisty can reach 100～10000kW/kg, and this becomes possibility with regard to making the electric energy that utilizes the piezo-electric device of small size to produce suitable power very much.The operation principle of piezoelectric power supplies is based on direct piezoelectric effect, and piezoelectric is their core work material.
Late 1960s, the portable X-ray machine power supply of the accurate medical apparatus plant joint study piezoelectricity in Shanghai Inst. of Silicate, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai successfully obtains U
Max=60kV, I
MaxThe high direct voltage of=3mA.
The U.S. Pat .No.4504761 of Charles G.Triplett application, exercise question is " being installed in the piezo-electric generator on the vehicle ", disclose the piezo-electric generator that is configured on the vehicle tyre, this device utilizes the pressure that is applied on the tire during the wheel to produce electric energy.
The Chinese invention patent CN 1202014A of Kim Dong Kuk's application, exercise question is " piezo-electric generator and a manufacture method thereof with piezoelectric element of linking vibration source ", has announced a kind of piezo-electric generator that utilizes the vehicle motor mechanical vibrational energy to produce electricity.This invention comprises the circuit of the electric energy that piezoelectric element and storage piezoelectric element produce.Each piezoelectric element has the holding components of piezoelectric membrane and piezoelectric membrane.Residual pressure is applied to holding components, so that piezoelectric element is bent upwards.The DC/AC transducer is set, and the direct current that piezoelectric element is produced converts alternating current to, and transformer and diode are set, and prevents from battery discharging.
Above example shows that it is feasible that the direct piezoelectric effect of utilizing piezoelectric is made various types of power supplys, and it is specially adapted to the power supply of various mobile devices.The internal impedance of this power supply is a capacitive, by the conversion of piezoelectric effect, even work, also can change K under static and quasistatic condition
2.W (K is an electromechanical coupling factor to the electric energy of machine, K
2Be the ability of weighing energy converting between mechanical).There is the piezoelectric of multiple K 〉=0.7 to succeed in developing and finished industrialization at present, selects wherein piezoelectric coefficient d
33, g
33Height, the mechanical strength height, pressurization back stable performance repeatedly, the material that dielectric constant is bigger can be used as comparatively ideal generating operation material.
Because piezoelectric promptly is dielectric, be again elastomer, just have, inverse piezoelectric effect and general elastomeric properties, thereby electricity and mechanical property are being arranged simultaneously, its electric behavior and mechanical behavior intercouple.Utilize this electromechanical coupling characteristics of piezoelectric, the circuit that piezoelectric element and the electric elements that comprise resistive element, capacity cell, inductance element and switching device etc. are formed is in parallel, can form complete piezo-electric damping system.By different circuit forms selected and the piezoelectric element parallel connection, the combining form and the parameter size of different electric elements, can design different controlled piezo-electric damping forms, it is passive, half initiatively and the inhibition and the control of active-passive hybridization that the vibration of structural system is carried out.
As with piezoelectric element and the resistance piezo-electric damping system that forms in parallel, be to realize to the vibration damping of structure by the Joule heat dissipation energy, be called as piezoelectricity viscous damping technology.
And for example, can change the effective rigidity of piezoelectric element, utilize this principle, can develop piezo-electric damping vibration insulating system with machine power bump leveller character with piezoelectric element and the electric capacity piezo-electric damping system that forms in parallel.
And for example, disconnect and closed conversion, can realize the bigger change of equivalent stiffness by switch element with piezoelectric element and the switch element conversion hysteria that forms in parallel half active piezo-electric damping system, thus the flow direction of control vibrational energy in structural system.
The piezo-electric damping damping technology is applied in some sports articles for use.For example, the designer of U.S. K2 company embeds piezoelectric in the sled, and when sled deformed because of vibration, piezoelectric also deformed thereupon, and vibrational energy is converted into electric energy; And use resistance and the piezoelectric piezo-electric damping system that forms in parallel, the form of these energy with Joule heat dissipated.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, propose a kind of method and system of rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating, piezo-electric device is placed stock rail vibration damping layer, utilize vibrational energy to produce electric energy, and stored and utilize as a kind of supply of electric power.The method and system of the rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating that the present invention proposes are a kind of new-generation method and system of collecting dissipation energy, and new energy source is provided, and have remarkable economical and are worth and social value.
In addition, in utilizing the process of vibrating energy piezoelectric power generating, adopt suitable control method, can make native system play the effect of half active damping.This is an another purpose of the present invention.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A kind of method of utilizing rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating places stock rail vibration damping layer with piezo-electric device, rolling stock rail vibration energy is changed into electric energy and is stored or utilizes as supply of electric power; This method may further comprise the steps:
A. add at least one piezo-electric device in stock rail vibration damping layer, be used to receive the vibrational energy of stock rail vibration damping layer, the piezoelectric in this piezo-electric device is as working media, and utilizes direct piezoelectric effect that vibrational energy is changed into electric energy;
B. the electric energy that piezo-electric device is produced is delivered in the power-converting device, by this power-converting device electric energy is adjusted and conversion;
C. the electric energy after power-converting device adjustment and the conversion is by energy storage device or finally receive with electric loading, and electric energy is stored or utilized.
Other characteristics of method of the present invention are, described power-converting device comprises control module and power model, sends instruction by control module, and power model receives also execution command, and generation, storage and the utilization of electric energy are controlled.
When the electric energy after described power-converting device adjustment and the conversion was received by energy storage device, power-converting device was controlled the charging voltage and the electric current of energy storage device.
Electric energy after described power-converting device adjustment and the conversion is when finally receiving with electric loading, and power-converting device is controlled final supply power voltage and electric current with electric loading.
Described power-converting device may further comprise the steps the adjustment and the conversion of electric energy:
1) switching process, the alternating current that piezoelectric is produced becomes direct current;
2) DC/DC conversion process, the direct current that step 1) is produced carries out the voltage and current conversion.
Contain in the described power-converting device with the controller is the control core module, and the transducer of installation and measuring body movement, carry out control strategy by controller, when utilizing the rolling stock rail vibration energy generating, half active damping controls is carried out in stock rail vibration and noise, realize significant control effect.
Realize the vibrating energy piezoelectric power generating system of the stock rail of said method, it is characterized in that this system comprises:
At least one places the piezo-electric device of stock rail vibration damping layer, and this piezo-electric device is connected with stock rail vibration damping layer, is used for vibrational energy is converted to electric energy;
A power-converting device is made up of power model and control module, and power model is used to adjust and change the electric energy that piezo-electric device produces, and electric energy is used for energy storage device or finally uses electric loading; Control module is controlled by the power component to power model, makes vibrational energy change into electric energy, and for energy storage device storage or finally utilize with electric loading;
An energy storage device or finally use electric loading is used for storage and utilizes the adjusted electric energy of power-converting device;
Above-mentioned piezo-electric device is connected with power-converting device, and power-converting device is respectively with energy storage device or finally link to each other with electric loading.
Other characteristics of said system are, described piezo-electric device is inserted between track elasticity layer and the basis, or in elastic layer; Piezo-electric device includes piezoelectric element.
Described piezoelectric element can be made up of monolithic or multi-layer piezoelectric thin slice, comprises lamination type piezoelectric pile structure.
Described piezoelectric element is piezoelectric ceramic or ferroelectricity piezoelectric or piezo-electricity composite material.
Described piezo-electric device is connected with the vertical vibration damping layer of track; Described piezo-electric device is connected to the vibration damping layer with rail side.
The power model of described power-converting device comprises full-bridge rectification device and DC/DC converter, and electric energy output end of full-bridge rectification device and piezoelectric element links to each other, and is used for converting the alternating current that piezoelectric element produces to direct current; The DC/DC converter is connected with the full-bridge rectification device, is used to adjust the voltage and current of full-bridge rectification device output; Device for power switching is used for carrying out the instruction that control signal is passed in the DC/DC converter.
The control module of described power-converting device comprises: transducer, filter circuit, controller and photoelectric isolating circuit; Transducer places on the power model of piezo-electric device, power-converting device, is used to obtain the required signal of microprocessor; Controller links to each other with transducer by filter circuit, obtains the signal that transducer obtains, and the output control signal; Control signal is delivered to the control end of the device for power switching of power model through photoelectric isolating circuit.
Described track comprises ballastless track and ballasted track; Ballastless track comprises resiliency supported formula track, pillow formula track, slab track, monolithic roadbed track;
Resiliency supported formula track comprises that steel spring supports a kind of of floating slab track, rubber floating slab track or present disclosed other ballastless track.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1) provides new energy source, the rolling stock rail vibration energy that in the past was not used has been used;
2) because piezo-electric generating is a kind of medium generation mode, and adopt common generator mode to generate electricity to compare, have simple in structurely, response is fast, is particularly suitable for alternation power drive mode.
3), be convenient to install and existing suspension is transformed because piezoelectric has very high energy density, so the piezo-electric device volume is little, in light weight;
4) native system is widely used, and can be used for multiple stock rail;
5) in utilizing the process of vibrating energy piezoelectric power generating, adopt suitable control method, can make native system play the effect of half active damping and noise reduction simultaneously in generating.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system construction drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the installation site schematic diagram that the present invention first implements to press piezo-electric device in the example;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of piezo-electric device among first embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of power model in the power-converting device among first embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the control principle figure of power-converting device of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the installation site schematic diagram that the present invention second implements to press piezo-electric device in the example;
Fig. 7 is the circuit theory diagrams of power model in the power-converting device among second embodiment.
Fig. 8 is the installation site schematic diagram that the present invention the 3rd implements to press piezo-electric device in the example;
Below in conjunction with the embodiment that accompanying drawing and inventor provide, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1～7, according to technical scheme of the present invention, the technology path of first embodiment is: support the floating slab track for steel spring, insert a piezo-electric device below the support steel spring of the plate of floating, this device is connected with spring, as shown in Figure 2.Be followed successively by rail 1 by each layer under last among Fig. 2, the plate 2 of floating, steel spring 3, piezo-electric device 4 and roadbed 5.
Fig. 3 has provided the structure of piezo-electric device among first embodiment.This device is made up of outer piston 34, inner carrier 32, hydraulic cylinder 33 and piezoelectric pile 31.Outer piston 34 and hydraulic cylinder 33 are subjected to the direct effect of rail vehicle vibration, and outer piston 34 moves the generation pressure change relative to hydraulic cylinder 33, has passed to inner carrier 32 by fluid pressure.Because there are an area ratio in outer piston 34 and inner carrier 32, power has been exaggerated a proportionality coefficient.Placing piezoelectric pile 31 on the inner carrier 32, the vibration force that is exaggerated has passed to piezoelectric pile 31, produces a strain on piezoelectric pile 31.
Voltage and an energy storage formula according to the generation of the piezoelectric under the action of compressive stress:
U＝Q/C (1)
The ability that can see a pressurized energy storage is square being directly proportional with the voltage behind the piezoelectric pressurized.The formula that piezoelectric produces voltage is:
Q＝d
33F (4)
G wherein
33Be piezoelectricity longitudinal voliage constant, l, W and t are respectively the length and width and the thickness of piezoelectric.From formula (3) as can be known, piezoelectric is directly proportional with its suffered power F by the voltage of stress generation.Vibration force has passed to piezoelectric pile 31, produces a strain on piezoelectric pile 31.According to the direct piezoelectric effect principle, piezoelectric material surface can produce electric charge, thereby forms the electromotive force in the formula (1).By formula (3), this voltage is directly proportional with the thickness t of piezoelectric.In order to reduce this voltage, the lamination type piezoelectric pile that adopts the multi-layer piezoelectric thin slice to make.This design can guarantee both can provide the operation material of enough volumes, and the voltage that piezoelectric is produced is unlikely to too high, is convenient to power-converting device electric energy is changed and reclaimed.Piezoelectric pile 31 adopts piezoceramic material PZT, according to the difference of selected materials model, and its electromechanical coupling factor K
33Be 0.7～0.92, have higher electromechanical conversion efficiency.For the residing operating mode of stock rail, adopt above-mentioned piezo-electric device, the energy density of piezoelectric is easier to reach more than the 0.6kW/kg.
Piezoelectric pile 31 also can be replaced by the one chip piezoelectric element; When overtension that piezoelectric element produces, should earlier the electric energy that is produced be handled through transformer and reduce voltage, be connected with power-converting device again.
Power-converting device comprises power model and control module.Fig. 4 has provided the circuit theory diagrams of the power model of power-converting device among first embodiment.This circuit is made up of rectifier and DC/DC converter two large divisions.Rectifier adopts full bridge rectifier, by 4 diode D
1, D
2, D
3And D
4Constitute.The DC/DC converter is by inductance L
1, capacitor C, device for power switching K
1And sustained diode
5Form, realize pressing the reduction voltage circuit of chopping way work.Device for power switching K
1Adopt IGBT IPM Intelligent Power Module, module contains essential driving of IGBT and protective circuit.In first embodiment, power-converting device charges to energy storage device, and energy storage device is a lead acid accumulator.
Power-converting device may further comprise the steps the adjustment and the conversion of electric energy:
Switching process, the alternating current that piezoelectric is produced becomes direct current;
The DC/DC conversion process, the direct current that switching process is produced carries out the voltage and current conversion.
The transformation process when overtension that piezoelectric produces, is carried out step-down earlier and is handled, voltage is reduced, for switching process thereafter ready.
Fig. 5 has provided the control principle figure of power-converting device of the present invention, and control module is made up of current/voltage transducer, filter circuit, microprocessor and photoelectric isolating circuit.
The power model of power-converting device comprises full-bridge rectification device and DC/DC converter.The input of full-bridge rectification device links to each other with the electric energy output end of piezoelectric element, is used for converting the alternating current that piezoelectric element produces to direct current; The DC/DC converter is connected with the full-bridge rectification device, is used to adjust the voltage and current by the output of full-bridge rectification device; Device for power switching is used for carrying out the instruction that control signal is passed in the DC/DC converter.
Microprocessor adopts TI Company DSP chip TMS320LF2407.Voltage sensor adopts current mode 500V voltage sensor, and current sensor adopts current mode 200A current sensor.The current/voltage transducer is used for gathering the voltage and current signal of DC/DC converter output terminal, handles through filter circuit, and the A/D port of delivering to DSP carries out data acquisition, and collection result is after DSP handles, with the form output control signal of PWM.Pwm signal is delivered to the drive circuit of device for power switching via photoelectric isolating circuit, to power tube K
1On off state control.Signals collecting and control cycle are 1ms; The PWM modulation frequency range is 10kHz～20kHz.Filter adopts the filter circuit of typically being built by operational amplifier, and photoelectric isolating circuit is realized by photoelectrical coupler.The required various level of control module are provided through common DC/DC Switching Power Supply by Vehicular accumulator cell.
Described energy storage device or be various storage batterys, super capacitor and flywheel; The final electric loading of using can be resistive load, inductive load, capacity load and their combination.
Concrete operation principle of the present invention is:
In the track train running, because the effect of floating panel vibration, be placed on the stress that the piezo-electric device below the support spring of the plate of floating is constantly changed.Several tons stress is loaded on the piezoelectric element in the piezo-electric device, has produced electric charge and voltage at the two poles of the earth of piezoelectric element, and according to design, the open circuit ceiling voltage is limited at below the 500V.When the absolute value of voltage was higher than the capacitor C voltage on rectifier right side, piezoelectric element charged to capacitor C; Otherwise piezoelectric element is open circuit.In power-converting device, control module is carried out the adjusting to the pwm signal duty ratio by the sampled value to sensor signal.When the duty ratio increase, the power tube ON time increases, and promptly the charging interval increases, the end points drops of capacitor C, and piezoelectric element reduces to the conducting voltage of capacitor C charging; When duty ratio reduces, the power tube ON time reduces, and promptly the charging interval reduces, and the end points of capacitor C presses liter, and piezoelectric element raises to the conducting voltage of capacitor C charging.By the PI control algolithm, can allow the charging voltage at battery two ends maintain a certain set point, and this set point can be set by test or adaptive algorithm.The principle of setting this value is to make more vibrational energy be converted into electric energy.Inductance L
1And D
5Can be at power tube K
1During disconnection and storage battery constitute continuous current circuit, continue to battery charge.By the detection that transducer carries out charge in batteries voltage and charging current, when storage battery was full of, controller stopped storage battery being charged.
Provide second embodiment below, when realizing the vibrational energy generating, also vibration and the noise to car body carries out half ACTIVE CONTROL in order to illustrative system.Second embodiment is that the difference with first embodiment is, piezo-electric device is installed on block rubber and supports the floating slab track, and the installation site as shown in Figure 6.Be followed successively by rail 1 by each layer under last among Fig. 6, the plate 2 of floating, block rubber supports 63, piezoelectric layer 64 and roadbed 5.In some applications, when piezoelectric layer 64 had enough effectiveness in vibration suppression, block rubber supported 63 and can save.
Piezo-electric device is a piezoelectric layer 64 among second embodiment, directly is made of the multi-layer piezoelectric composite material, and each interlayer is in parallel, and inserts therein and detect the velocity transducer of plate movement velocity of floating; The power model of power-converting device adopts schematic diagram shown in Figure 7, has adopted the control strategy of implementing half active damping in generating simultaneously simultaneously.
With 1-0-3 type piezo-electricity composite material is example, under above-mentioned operating mode, is easier to the energy density that realizes that 1kW/kg is above.
Fig. 7 has provided the circuit theory diagrams of power-converting device among second embodiment.The difference of it and Fig. 5 has been to increase an IGBT IPM Intelligent Power Module K who is subjected to dsp chip control
2, it is placed between the positive pole of the positive output end of full bridge rectifier and capacitor C.
The operation principle of following analysis circuit.The control system of circuit is judged the movement velocity of floating plate according to speed sensor signal.When speed for upwards the time, controller provides control signal, makes power device K
1Disconnect K
2Conducting, and when the absolute value of voltage of piezoelectric element generation also is higher than the voltage at capacitor C two ends, the rectifier conducting, the equivalent stiffness of piezoelectric element reduces, and slows down moving upward of the plate of floating, and piezoelectric element charges to capacitor C; When speed when being downward, controller provides control signal, makes power device K
2Disconnect, the equivalent stiffness of piezoelectric element increases, the moving downward of the plate that suppresses to float, and the deformation energy of piezoelectric element is by mechanical stiffness and piezoelectric capacitance storage, K simultaneously
1By the control of PWM ripple, by certain duty ratio, capacitor C is charged to storage battery.By to K
1The adjusting of duty ratio can make storage battery obtain rational charging voltage and charging interval.From top argumentation as can be seen, capacitor C charging process and battery charging process hocket in time, and the capacitor C charging process is corresponding to the plate of the floating process that moves upward, and battery charging process moves downward process corresponding to the plate of floating.Simultaneously, because the voltage that piezoelectric element produces is far above the voltage of storage battery, so the dead band of whole system is very little, the system of assurance has higher generating and vibration and noise reducing efficient.
Provide the 3rd embodiment below, different with preceding two embodiment, how the 3rd embodiment inserts piezo-electric device in order to explanation in ballasted track, and the installation site as shown in Figure 8.Be followed successively by rail 1 by each layer under last among Fig. 8, rail lower piezoelectric layer 82, piezoelectricity concrete sleeper 83, ballast aggregate railway roadbed 84 and roadbed 5.In some applications, rail lower piezoelectric layer 82 and piezoelectricity concrete sleeper 83 can use separately.
Piezo-electric device among the 3rd embodiment comprises rail lower piezoelectric layer 82 and piezoelectricity concrete sleeper 83.Rail lower piezoelectric layer 82 adopts piezo-electricity composite material to make; The piezoelectricity concrete sleeper adopts the piezoelectricity cement material to make, and after preparation is finished, polarizes and the surface insulation processing extraction electrode.All piezo-electric devices are connected with power-converting device by the electrode on it.Among the 3rd embodiment piezo-electric device can adopt that mode is connected with power-converting device shown in first or second embodiment.
Though discussed and be used for track vibrating energy piezoelectric power generating system with reference to above three embodiment, but should understand, the configuration of the structure detail of track vibrating energy piezoelectric power generating system and each parts and element is not limited to situation described in the embodiment, thereby under the principle that does not deviate from know-why of the present invention, can make various changes and distortion.
As the circuit and the control corresponding method that also can adopt the power model of power-converting device among second embodiment among first embodiment; As the circuit and the control corresponding method that also can adopt the power model of power-converting device among first embodiment among second embodiment.
Power model as power-converting device comprises rectifying device, DC/DC converter and relevant interface circuit and necessary potential device.
Power device as power-converting device adopts various widely used devices, includes but not limited to power transistor GTR, Metal-oxide-semicondutor type field effect transistor M OSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT and gate turn off thyristor GTO.
Adopt analog controller, digitial controller and analog digital mixture control as controller, analog controller comprises the controller that analog controller that discrete component constitutes or programmable analog device constitute, and digitial controller comprises wherein a kind of of microprocessor, single-chip microcomputer, DSP, CPLD and FPGA;
Adopt voltage sensor or current sensor or mechanical pick-up device as transducer.
As energy storage device is various storage batterys, super capacitor and flywheel.
As final be resistive load or inductive load or capacity load or their combination with electric loading.
Though showed and described the piezoelectric type vibrational energy transformation system of present embodiment, wherein, piezo-electric device is connected with the support spring and the sheet rubber of the plate of floating, be used for vibrational energy is converted to electric energy, but should understand, utilize piezoelectric effect to realize the recovery of energy, the installation of piezo-electric device can be not limited to connect with spring, sheet rubber.Piezo-electric device also can be installed on other position of float the flat spring system or the plate rubber system of floating, and is connected with float flat spring system or float plate rubber system or its parts in the serial or parallel connection mode.
Track described in the foregoing description also comprises ballasted track or ballastless track; Wherein ballastless track comprises resiliency supported formula track, pillow formula track, slab track, monolithic roadbed track and present disclosed other ballastless track; Realize electricity-generating method of the present invention, only need below the rail of above-mentioned track, directly to add piezoelectric layer, can obtain the track vibration energy.
Though, the invention is not restricted to embodiment described above above to have described the present invention with reference to certain embodiments and example of the present invention.According to know-why of the present invention, those of ordinary skills make amendment to the foregoing description and are out of shape according to above-mentioned know-why and all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a method of utilizing rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating is characterized in that, piezo-electric device is placed the track vibration-reducing layer, utilizes vibrational energy to produce electric energy, and is stored and utilize as a kind of supply of electric power.
2. the method for utilizing rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
A. add at least one piezo-electric device in the track vibration-reducing layer, be used for absorbing the vibrational energy of track vibration-reducing layer, the piezoelectric in this piezo-electric device changes into electric energy with vibrational energy as working media under the piezoelectric effect effect;
B. the electric energy that piezo-electric device is produced is delivered in the power-converting device, by this power-converting device electric energy is adjusted and conversion;
C. the electric energy after power-converting device adjustment and the conversion is supplied with energy storage device or is finally used electric loading, carries out the storage or the utilization of electric energy.
3. the method for utilizing rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, when the electric energy after described power-converting device adjustment and the conversion was received by energy storage device, power-converting device was controlled the charging voltage and the electric current of energy storage device; Electric energy after described power-converting device adjustment and the conversion is when finally receiving with electric loading, and power-converting device is controlled final supply power voltage and electric current with electric loading.
4. the method for utilizing rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described power-converting device may further comprise the steps the adjustment and the conversion of electric energy:
1) switching process, the alternating current that piezoelectric is produced becomes direct current;
2) DC/DC conversion process, the direct current that step 1) is produced carries out the voltage and current conversion.
5. the method for utilizing rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, contain in the described power-converting device with the controller is the control core module, and the transducer of installation and measuring track vibration, carry out control strategy by controller, when utilizing the generating of track vibration energy, track vibration is carried out half active damping and noise reduction control.
6. a rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating system is characterized in that, this system comprises:
At least one places the piezo-electric device of track vibration-reducing layer, and this piezo-electric device is connected with the spring of track vibration-reducing layer, is used for vibrational energy is converted to electric energy;
A power-converting device is made up of power model and control module, and power model is used to adjust and change the electric energy that piezo-electric device produces, and electric energy is used for energy storage device or finally uses electric loading; Control module is controlled by the power component to power model, makes vibrational energy change into electric energy, and for energy storage device storage or finally utilize with electric loading;
At least one energy storage device or finally use electric loading is used for storage and utilizes the adjusted electric energy of power-converting device;
Above-mentioned piezo-electric device is connected with power-converting device, and power-converting device is respectively with energy storage device or finally link to each other with electric loading.
7. the rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating system described in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described piezo-electric device is inserted between track elasticity layer and the basis, or in elastic layer; Piezo-electric device includes piezoelectric element;
Described piezoelectric element is made up of monolithic or multi-layer piezoelectric thin slice, comprises lamination type piezoelectric pile structure.
8. rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating as claimed in claim 6 system is characterized in that described piezo-electric device is connected with the vertical vibration damping layer of track; Described piezo-electric device is connected to the vibration damping layer with rail side.
9. as claim 7 or 8 described rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating systems, it is characterized in that: the piezoelectric element in the described piezo-electric device comprises piezoelectric ceramic, ferroelectricity piezoelectric, piezopolymer and piezo-electricity composite material one of them or its combination.
10. Vehicular vibration energy piezo-electric generating as claimed in claim 6 system, it is characterized in that, the power model of described power-converting device comprises full-bridge rectification device and DC/DC converter, electric energy output end of full-bridge rectification device and piezoelectric element links to each other, and is used for converting the alternating current that piezoelectric element produces to direct current; The DC/DC converter is connected with the full-bridge rectification device, is used to adjust the voltage and current of arteries and veins full-bridge rectification device output; Device for power switching is used for carrying out the instruction that control signal is passed in the DC/DC converter.
11. rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating as claimed in claim 6 system is characterized in that the control module of described power-converting device comprises: transducer, filter circuit, controller and photoelectric isolating circuit; Transducer places on the power model of piezo-electric device and power-converting device, is used to obtain the required signal of controller; Controller links to each other with transducer by filter circuit, obtains the signal that transducer obtains, and the output control signal; Control signal is delivered to the control end of the device for power switching of power model through photoelectric isolating circuit.
12. rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating as claimed in claim 6 system is characterized in that described track comprises ballasted track or ballastless track;
Above-mentioned ballastless track comprises a kind of of resiliency supported formula track, pillow formula track, slab track, monolithic roadbed track and present disclosed other ballastless track;
Above-mentioned resiliency supported formula track is that steel spring supports floating slab track or rubber floating slab track.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2004100733028A CN100336281C (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2004-11-22 | Rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating method and system thereof |
| PCT/CN2005/001638 WO2006053479A1 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2005-10-08 | Piezoelectric electricity generating method and system from vibration energy of roadway |
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| CNB2004100733028A CN100336281C (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2004-11-22 | Rolling stock rail vibration energy piezoelectric power generating method and system thereof |
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| CN100336281C CN100336281C (en) | 2007-09-05 |
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| WO (1) | WO2006053479A1 (en) |
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| CN100336281C (en) | 2007-09-05 |
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