CN1603191A - Vehicle steering device - Google Patents

Abstract

The vehicle is structured so that a steering shaft 12 is installed rotatably on a body frame, a tie rod and a knuckle arm are installed in the lower part of the steering shaft 12 through a steering arm 66, and wheels are mounted on the knuckle arm rotatably, wherein the steering shaft 12 is divided into a plurality of shaft sections (an upper shaft 71, a middle shaft 73, and a lower shaft 75), which are coupled together by hook type joints (a first hook joint 72 and a second hook joint 74).

Description

Vehicle steering device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of vehicle steering device.

Background technology

In the prior art, be well known that steering shaft divided into two parts by connecting rod mechanism connection (for example, referring to patent documentation 1) as vehicle steering device.

[patent documentation 1] patent disclosure 2002-127981 communique

By following Figure 12 (a),, (b) describe (b) to Fig. 6 (a) of patent documentation 1.And change the notes label.

Figure 12 (a), (b) be the lateral plan of the main portion of the existing vehicle steering device of expression, in figure (a), front-wheel directional controller 200 as steering hardware, be on front fork tube 201, steering shaft 202 to be installed with rotating freely, at the bottom of this steering shaft 202 mounting and connection parts 203, will turn to axostylus axostyle 206 to be installed on this link 203 by connecting rod mechanism 204, and turn to axostylus axostyle 206 to be connected front-wheel one side this.

Connecting rod mechanism 204, but swingingly be installed in boxed rod 208 on the link 203 by easy on and off, with be connected on the boxed rod 208 by universal coupling 211, but easy on and off swingingly is installed in lower link 213 formations that turn on the axostylus axostyle 206 simultaneously, by the axis A1 at steering shaft 202 centers, be arranged between the axis C1 at the some B1 of curve of universal coupling 211 and the center by turning to axostylus axostyle 206.In addition, S1～S3 is meant the distance between each connecting portion.

Figure (b) is the mode chart of the effect of the front-wheel directional controller 200 shown in the presentation graphs (a), is that arrow b from (a) is to the figure that sees.

Turning handle, when making boxed rod 208 swing the α angle with respect to the car body centre line C L, lower link 213 will be with respect to the car body centre line C L β angle that swings, promptly, when the corner of steering shaft 202 is α, turn to the corner β of axostylus axostyle 206 will be less than the corner α of steering shaft 202.

In above-mentioned prior art, because the connecting rod mechanism 204 and the omnipotent coupler 211 that adopt many parts to constitute, so that the corner that turns to axostylus axostyle 206 changes with respect to the corner of steering shaft 202, thus steering hardware 200 complex structures caused, thus the simplification of claimed structure.In addition, because steering shaft 202 and the line of centers A1 separately that turns to axostylus axostyle 206, C1 is inconsistent, bigger moment loading will be arranged on the connecting rod mechanism 204 that transmits rotational force, therefore, for improving the rigidity of connecting rod mechanism 204, for example, to have to strengthen the sectional area of each constituent part, thereby cause body excessive.In addition,, be necessary around steering hardware, to leave large space because boxed rod 208 is forwards given prominence to and swung, thus the compact and densification of steering hardware also required, with the more efficiently space that utilizes vehicle.

Summary of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a kind of structure and more oversimplifies, the vehicle steering device of miniaturization and densification.

In order to address the above problem, as the vehicle steering device in the invention as described in the scheme 1, this device can be installed steering shaft with rotating freely on vehicle body frame, by pitman arm tierod is installed below this steering shaft, track arm is installed on top at this tierod, the installation wheel that on this track arm, can rotate freely, the handle that is installed in above-mentioned steering shaft top by manipulation is controlled wheel; It is characterized in that: above-mentioned steering shaft is divided into a plurality of axles, and the axle that these branches come couples together by universal coupling respectively.

The mouth Y-piece of each universal coupling is tilted with respect to the input end Y-piece, make from the axis direction of mouth Y-piece and look, the track of input end Y-piece is oval, for example, when the input end Y-piece when major radius one side of ellipse begins to rotate, the corner on the elliptical path of input end Y-piece is less than the corner on circular trace, makes the corner of input end Y-piece different with the corner of mouth Y-piece like this, makes the corner of the corner of pitman arm less than handle.

Owing to adopted by the input end Y-piece, mouth Y-piece and the universal coupling that connects the center cross formation of this input end Y-piece and mouth Y-piece, make the structure of steering shaft no longer complicated, and, can also be by the bigger rotational force of small-sized universal coupling transmission.

In addition,, therefore can make steering hardware more compact owing to adopt universal coupling can on steering shaft, not produce outshot, densification, and needn't around steering shaft, leave large space, thus can make steering shaft more compact on every side.

Scheme 2 described inventions are that a kind of vehicle steering device is characterized in that: when above-mentioned steering shaft is divided into three part-structures, make the axle that is installed in respectively on the Y-piece that is located at the center steering shaft two ends vertical on hand of rotation each other.

Make two axles on the Y-piece that is located at the steering shaft two ends vertical,, make the corner of the corner of pitman arm less than handle by two universal couplings with hand of rotation.

The vehicle steering device of scheme 3 described inventions is characterized in that: make the axis of steering shaft, see from the side to be bending.

Make the axis of steering shaft see bending from the side, the mouth Y-piece of each universal coupling is tilted with respect to the input end Y-piece, thereby make the corner of input end Y-piece different, make the corner of the corner of pitman arm less than handle with the corner of mouth Y-piece.

Scheme 4 described vehicle steering devices is characterized in that: above-mentioned vehicle is the riding-type that makes the rotation of above-mentioned steering shaft by bar handle, makes the above-mentioned tween drive shaft placed in the middle that is divided in each of 3 parts, with than other diaxons more near the angle tilt of level.

By make in each that is divided into 3 parts tween drive shaft placed in the middle with than other diaxons more near the angle tilt of level, make other two axles with subvertical angle tilt roughly and near being provided with abreast, reduce taking up room of steering shaft in the riding-type vehicle.

The vehicle steering device of scheme 5 described inventions is characterized in that: by changing above-mentioned desired shape or cross-section angle, can change the pivot angle of the operation angle of the relative bar handle of track arm.

For example, strengthen the desired shape or cross-section angle, will reduce the pivot angle of the operation angle of the relative bar handle of pitman arm.

The invention effect

In scheme 1 described invention, steering shaft is divided into a plurality of axles, because these axles that are separated connect by universal coupling respectively, when the mouth Y-piece of each universal coupling tilts with respect to the Y-piece of input end, from axially looking of mouth Y-piece, the input end Y-piece will be drawn out oval-shaped track, thereby can make the corner of input end Y-piece be different from the corner of mouth Y-piece.

Because only the axle that will separate by universal coupling couples together, so the structure of steering shaft is compared with the past more simple, thereby can reduce the cost of steering shaft.

In addition,, make the outshot that does not have similar steering shaft in the past on the steering shaft of the present invention owing to used universal coupling, and, because the profile that can dwindle universal coupling makes steering hardware small-sized thereby can reach, compact purpose.In addition, need around steering shaft, not leave, can make steering shaft space compactness on every side yet than large space.

In the invention of scheme 2, when steering shaft is being divided into three part-structures, make two axles on the Y-piece that is installed in the steering shaft two ends in the middle of being located at respectively, vertical on hand of rotation, for example, with with the steering shaft separated into two parts, and use the situation of a universal coupling to compare, among the present invention, adopt two universal couplings can reduce corner with respect to the pitman arm of the corner of handle, can increase ratio of turning, alleviate the operating effort of handle.

Therefore, can improve the driving performance of vehicle.

In scheme 3 described inventions, make the axis of steering shaft see bending from the side, the mouth Y-piece of each universal coupling is tilted with respect to the input end Y-piece, thereby can make the corner of input end Y-piece different, make the corner of the corner of pitman arm less than handle with the corner of mouth Y-piece.

In scheme 4 described inventions, by make in each that is divided into 3 parts tween drive shaft placed in the middle with than other diaxons more near the angle tilt of level, other two axles are tilted roughly near vertical angle and near parallel setting, reduce taking up room of steering shaft in the riding-type vehicle, thereby realize the miniaturization and the close mode of riding-type vehicle.

In scheme 5 described inventions, because by changing above-mentioned desired shape or cross-section angle, can change the pivot angle of the operation angle of the relative bar handle of spindle arm, therefore for example, if increase the desired shape or cross-section angle, when then can reduce the pivot angle of operation angle of the relative bar handle of spindle arm, can also reduce the operating effort of bar handle, thereby improve the vehicle operation situation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the lateral plan of the vehicle that the present invention relates to.

Fig. 2 is the lateral plan of the vehicle steering device that the present invention relates to of expression.

Fig. 3 is the decomposition diagram that expression constitutes the universal coupling of the steering hardware that the present invention relates to.

Fig. 4 is the tween drive shaft of the steering hardware that the present invention relates to of expression and the transparent view of universal coupling.

Fig. 5 be Fig. 45 to view.

Fig. 6 is the formation of the steering hardware that the present invention relates to of expression and the mode chart of effect.

Fig. 7 is the 1st action diagram of the effect of the steering hardware that the present invention relates to of expression.

Fig. 8 is the 2nd action diagram of the effect of the steering hardware that the present invention relates to of expression.

Fig. 9 is the 3rd action diagram of the effect of the steering hardware that the present invention relates to of expression.

Figure 10 is the lateral plan of the comparative example of expression expression steering hardware.

Figure 11 is the instruction diagram of the principle of the steering hardware that the present invention relates to of expression.

Figure 12 is the lateral plan of the existing vehicle steering device main portion of expression.

The specific embodiment

Below, describe implementing preferred version of the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing.In addition, accompanying drawing is the view of direction shown in the label.

Fig. 1 is the lateral plan about vehicle of the present invention, vehicle 10 is double riding four-wheel automobile, by the steering shaft 12 of split is installed in the front portion of vehicle body frame 11, and at the top of steering shaft 12 installation handle 13, handle front-wheel 14 as left and right wheels, 15 (labels 14 in face of only illustrating among the figure), by supporting arm 17,18 install at the rear portion of vehicle body frame 11 by engine 21 and the power unit 23 that constitutes with change-speed box 22 that engine rear portion one is installed, trailing wheel 24 is installed on the output shaft of this power unit 23,26 (labels 24 in face of only illustrating among the figure), and at the double seat 27 of the top of vehicle body frame 11 installation.

Vehicle body frame 11 is by following each component set-up: along the vehicle fore-and-aft direction extend about the last main car frame 31 that is provided with, 31 (labels 31 in face of only illustrating among the figure), be arranged on the below of main car frame on this and along the vehicle fore-and-aft direction extend about the following main car frame 32 that is provided with, 32 (labels 32 in face of only illustrating among the figure), be installed in this time main car frame 32, the following auxiliary vehicle frame 33 by setting about extending along the vehicle fore-and-aft direction on 32 tops, 33 (labels 33 in face of only illustrating among the figure), from the auxiliary vehicle frame 33 of this time, 33 centre portion is oblique to the back upper place, and the back vehicle frame 34 that is provided with about roughly extending back, 34 (labels 34 in face of only illustrating among the figure), by assisting vehicle frame 33 down, 33 vehicle frames 34 backward, 34 the 1st inclination back vehicle frames 36 that extend, 36 (only illustrate among the figure in face of labels 36) and from the 1st back vehicle frame 36 that tilts, 36 extend to back vehicle frame 34, vehicle frame 37 after the 2nd of 34 rear end tilts, 37 (labels 37 in face of only illustrating among the figure).

In addition, vehicle body frame 11 also comprises, the front vehicle frame 38,38 (label 38 in face of only illustrating the figure) of extending to oblique front upper place from the front portion of assisting vehicle frame 33 down, be installed in the 1st inclination front vehicle frame 41,41 (figure only illustrates label 41 in front) and the 2nd inclination front vehicle frame 42,42 (label 42 in face of only illustrating among the figure) on the front vehicle frame 38,38 with being used for supporting steering shaft 12 and be installed in main car frame 31,31 respectively and the preceding pipe 43,43 of the vehicle frame of the front end of following main car frame 32,32 (labels 43 in front only are shown among the figure).

At this, label 51,51 (label 51 in face of only illustrating among the figure) refers to the front fender apron of automobile, 52 is roof hoard, 53 is wooden base, 54 is lazyback, 56,56 (labels 56 in face of only illustrating among the figure) are rear mudguard, and 57,57 (labels 57 in face of only illustrating among the figure) are preceding vibration absorption unit, and 58,58 (labels 58 in face of only illustrating among the figure) are the back vibration absorption unit.

Fig. 2 is the lateral plan of the vehicle steering device among signal the present invention, and expression has the steering hardware 60 of the steering shaft 12 that is divided into 3 part-structures.

Steering hardware 60, have: steering shaft 12, be installed in the handle supporting parts 61,61 (label 61 in face of only illustrating among the figure) of the upper part of this steering shaft 12, be installed in the handle 13 on these handle supporting parts 61, but the 1st support unit 62～the 4th support unit 65 that is used for free rotary ground supporting steering shaft 12 and go up installs in vehicle body frame 11 (please refer to Fig. 1) and the pitman arm 66 that is installed in steering shaft 12 lower ends.

Steering shaft 12 is gone up axle 71 by what handle 13 was installed, is connected the tween drive shaft 73 of axle 71 bottoms this on and is connected lower shaft 75 formations of these tween drive shaft 73 bottoms by the 2nd universal coupling 74 by the 1st universal coupling 72.If the axis 76 of last axle 71 is θ 1 with axis 77 angulations of tween drive shaft 73, establishing the axis 77 of tween drive shaft 73 and axis 78 angulations of lower shaft 75 is θ 2.Above-mentioned angle θ 1 is the joint angle of the 1st universal coupling 72, and θ 2 is the joint angle of the 2nd universal coupling 74.

At this, label 81 is meant the supporting slice of the upper end that is installed in axle 71,82,82 (labels 82 in face of only illustrating among the figure) are meant and are used for nut that handle supporting parts 61,61 are installed on the supporting slice 1,83,83 be meant handle 13 is installed in bolt on the handle supporting parts 61,84 are meant pitman arm 66 are installed in nut on the lower shaft 75, and 86 are meant the ball stud that is configured for tierod (not shown) is installed in the ball and socket on the pitman arm 66.

Fig. 3 is the decomposition diagram that expression constitutes the universal coupling of the steering hardware among the present invention.

The 1st universal coupling 72 is variable speed type universal couplings, it comprises: be installed in the input end Y-piece 91 on the axle 71, center cross 92, be connected on the input end Y-piece 91 and be installed in mouth Y-piece 94 on the tween drive shaft 73 by center cross 92, respectively between between input end Y-piece 91 and the center cross 92 and the needle bearing 96 between mouth Y-piece 94 and the center cross 92 by bolt 93 ... (suspension points wherein ... represent a plurality of.Down with) with the packing element 97 of needle bearing 96 end seals.In addition, the 2nd universal coupling 74 (please refer to Fig. 1), identical with the essential structure of the 1st universal coupling, omit explanation at this, the label of each several part will use the label that occurs in the 1st universal coupling.

Here, 91a, 91a are meant and are located at the axle mounting hole that being used on the input end Y-piece 91 install center cross 92,94a, 94a are meant and are located at the axle mounting hole that being used on the mouth Y-piece 94 install center cross 92,92a, 92a are the input end axial regions as the axle that embeds axle mounting hole 91a, 91a, and 92b, 92b are the mouth axial regions as the axle that embeds axle mounting hole 94a, 94a.

Fig. 4 is the tween drive shaft of expression steering hardware of the present invention and the transparent view of universal coupling, and an end that is illustrated in tween drive shaft 73 is installed mouth Y-piece 94, at the other end input end Y-piece 91 is installed.

Fig. 5 be Fig. 45 to view, among the figure expression by axle mounting hole 94a, 94a on the mouth Y-piece 94 (part shown in the thick line) separately the center line of centers 101 and by axle mounting hole 91a, 91a on the input end Y-piece 91 separately line of centers 102 angulations at center be 90 °.

As Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 5, line of centers 101 is consistent with the axis 103 of mouth axial region 92b, the 92b of center cross 92, and line of centers 102 is consistent with the axis 104 of input end axial region 92a, the 92a of center cross 92.In Fig. 3, when front-wheel 14,15 (with reference to Fig. 1) during towards vehicle front, the line of centers 102 of input end Y-piece 91 that is installed in the end of axle 71 is level.

Fig. 6 is the structure of expression steering hardware of the present invention and the mode chart of effect, and dotted line is the craspedodrome state of vehicle, and solid line is the state that the expression turning handle is handled front-wheel.

Steering hardware 60, but promptly be at pitman arm 66 with respectively on the track arm 111,112 of free rotary ground supporting front-wheel 14,15 with 113,114 of tierods.In addition, 116 are meant the straight line that extends along the vehicle fore-and-aft direction, the 117th, by straight line 116 and as the point of the centre of gration of handle 13,118 are meant by straight line 116 and as the point of the centre of gration of pitman arm 66,121, the 122nd, become the ball and socket that oscillating axle is provided with for making tierod 113,114 on pitman arm 66, the 123, the 124th, the axis of tierod 113,114.

The following describes the effect of above-mentioned steering hardware 60.

In Fig. 1, when front-wheel 14,15 (label 15 is not shown) towards the place ahead of vehicle, and handle 13 is when left and right directions extends, as shown in Figure 3, the line of centers 102 of input end Y-piece 91 is level.The craspedodrome state of the steering hardware when this state is forwards kept straight on as vehicle.

In Fig. 6, when from the craspedodrome state to the left or to the right during turning handle 13, as the corner α 1 that goes up axle 71 of input shaft with as the relation of the corner (note is made α 2) of the tween drive shaft 73 (with reference to Fig. 2) of output shaft, shown in following [formula 1].

[formula 1]

tanα2＝cosθ1·tanα1

Therefore,

α2＝tan ^-1(cosθ1·tanα1)

The relation of following formula corner α 1 and corner α 2 as shown in Figure 7.

Fig. 7 is the 1st action diagram of the effect of expression steering hardware of the present invention, expresses the interrelation of the corner separately of axle and tween drive shaft.The longitudinal axis of coordinate diagram is represented the corner of tween drive shaft, be the corner α 2 (unit: °) of output shaft, transverse axis is represented the corner of axle, i.e. the corner α 1 of input shaft, thick line is represented embodiment, and fine rule is represented comparative example (being the identical line of corner α 2 of the corner α 1 of an input shaft and output shaft).When 1=0 ° of the corner α of input shaft, be the craspedodrome state.In addition, order joint angle θ at this moment is 1=40 °.

In an embodiment, when input shaft corner α 1 when positive dirction increases (for example turning clockwise handle), though the corner of input shaft is identical with numerical value in the comparative example when being 90 ° of zero-sums at α 1, greater than zero and less than 90 ° scope in, the corner α 1 of input shaft is less than comparative example.In addition, the difference of the corner α 1 of the input shaft among comparative example and the embodiment, between zero degree to 90 ° roughly in the middle of the place maximum.For example, when the corner α 1 of input shaft was 60 °, the corner α 2 of output shaft was 53 °.

In an embodiment, when input shaft corner α 1 when negative direction increases (handle for example turns left), though the corner of input shaft is identical with numerical value in the comparative example when being zero-sum-90 ° at α 1, greater than in-90 ° and the minus scope, the corner α 1 of input shaft is greater than comparative example.In addition, the difference of the corner α 1 of the input shaft among comparative example and the embodiment, the roughly middle place between zero degree is to-90 ° is maximum.Like this, embodiment becomes about the point-symmetric curve of the origin of coordinates.

In addition, as shown in Figure 6, when from the craspedodrome state to the left or to the right during turning handle 13, as the corner α 1 that goes up axle 71 of input shaft with as the relation of the corner (note is made α 2) of the lower shaft 75 (with reference to Fig. 2) of output shaft, shown in following [formula 2].

[formula 2]

tanα3＝cosθ2·tanα2 …………………(1)

tanα2＝cosθ1·tanα1 …………………(2)

In (2) formula substitution (1) formula, can get,

tanα3＝cosθ1·cosθ2·tanα1

Therefore, can get,

α3＝tan ^-1(cosθ1·cosθ2·tanα1)

The relation of following formula corner α 1 and corner α 3 as shown in Figure 8.

Fig. 8 is the 2nd action diagram of effect of expression steering hardware of the present invention, is the coordinate diagram of the interrelation of the expression corner separately of going up axle and lower shaft.The longitudinal axis of coordinate diagram is represented the corner of lower shaft, be the corner α 3 (unit: °) of output shaft, transverse axis is represented the corner of axle, i.e. the corner α 1 of input shaft, thick line is represented embodiment, and fine rule is represented comparative example (being the identical line of corner α 3 of the corner α 1 of an input shaft and output shaft).When the corner α of input shaft 1=0, be the craspedodrome state.In addition, order joint angle θ 1=θ at this moment is 2=40 °.

In an embodiment, when input shaft corner α 1 when positive dirction increases (for example turning clockwise handle), though the corner of input shaft is identical with numerical value in the comparative example when being 90 ° of zero-sums at α 1, greater than zero and less than 90 ° scope in, the corner α 3 of output shaft is less than comparative example.In addition, the difference of the corner α 3 of the output shaft among comparative example and the embodiment, the corner α 1 of input shaft between the zero degree to 90 ° roughly in the middle of maximum.For example, when the corner α 1 of input shaft was 60 °, the corner α 3 of output shaft was 45.5 °.

In an embodiment, when input shaft corner α 1 when negative direction increases (handle for example turns left), when though the corner of input shaft is zero-sum-90 ° at α 1, the corner α 3 of output shaft is identical with the numerical value in the comparative example, but greater than in-90 ° and the minus scope, the corner α 3 of output shaft is greater than comparative example at the corner α 1 of input shaft.In addition, the difference among comparative example and the embodiment, the roughly middle place between zero degree is to-90 ° is maximum.Like this, embodiment becomes about the point-symmetric curve of the origin of coordinates.

Therefore, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, compare, adopt two universal couplings can further reduce output shaft corner with respect to the input shaft corner with adopting a universal coupling.

Fig. 9 is the 3rd action diagram of the effect of expression steering hardware of the present invention, interrelation from the corner separately of Fig. 7 and input shaft shown in Figure 8 and output shaft, can obtain the corner of input shaft and output shaft interrelation with respect to the hysteresis corner of input shaft, the longitudinal axis is represented the hysteresis corner (unit: °) of output shaft, and transverse axis is represented input shaft corner α 1 (unit: °).The difference of the corner α 1 that goes up axle that (α 1-α 2) expression in the coordinate diagram is shown in Figure 7 and the corner α 2 of tween drive shaft, the difference of the corner α 1 that goes up axle that (α 1-α 3) expression is shown in Figure 8 and the corner α 3 of lower shaft.

Along with starting from scratch, the corner α 1 of input shaft increases gradually to forward, output shaft hysteresis corner, i.e. (α 1-α 2), and starting from scratch increases to maximum gradually, and afterwards, (α 1-α 2) reduces gradually, and input shaft corner α 1 becomes zero degree from 90 °.In addition, when input shaft corner α 1 starts from scratch when negative sense increases gradually, (α 1-α 2) will be point-symmetric with respect to initial point and forward and increase and decrease.

The hysteresis corner of input shaft, i.e. (α 1-α 3) increases and decreases according to the trend identical with (α 1-α 2), is approximately (α 1-α 2) 2 times.

Get back to now among Fig. 6, the operating state of the input end of steering hardware and mouth describes during to operating handle.

For example, with handle 13, from the craspedodrome state turning clockwise angle [alpha] 1 shown in the dotted line to the solid line position shown in the arrow A when (input shaft corner α 1 shown in Figure 8), pitman arm 66 will be with respect to straight line 116 corner α 3 (being output shaft corner α 3 shown in Figure 8), rotation along with this pitman arm, front-wheel 14,15 will be operated to the state shown in arrow B and the arrow C from the craspedodrome state respectively by tierod 113,114 and track arm 111,112.In addition, the line segment of point of connection 118 and bolster 121,122 is designated as 127,128 respectively, these line segments 127,128 are toggle angle β 1, β 2 with axis 123,124 angles that become that turn to tranverse connecting rod 113,114.

Like this, can promptly increase ratio cc 1/ α 3 (, being called " turning rate " at this) of corner, alleviate the operating effort on the handle by reducing the angle α 3 that swings of pitman arm 66 with respect to the rotational angle α 1 of handle 13.

Figure 10 (a) (b) is the lateral plan of the comparative example of expression steering shaft.

As figure (a) expression, steering shaft 220 is divided into axle 221, tween drive shaft 222 and lower shaft 223 3 parts, and last spools 221 are connected by universal coupling 225 with tween drive shaft 222, and tween drive shaft 222 and lower shaft 223 couple together by universal coupling 226.In addition, θ 3 is joint angles.

Be installed in the axis 231 of an axle of the center cross of the formation universal coupling 225 on the mouth Y-piece 228, axis 233 with an axle of the center cross that is installed in the formation universal coupling 226 on the input end Y-piece 232, consistent in view at E, be these axis 231 and 233, with the hand of rotation angulation of tween drive shaft 222 be zero.

In addition, do 236 in (this axis with represent) if will be installed in axis (direction is extended in the figure) note of an axle of the center cross of the formation universal coupling 225 on the input end Y-piece, this axis 236 is level when steering shaft 220 is the craspedodrome state so.

Therefore, if what make steering shaft 220 goes up axle 221 from craspedodrome state (i.e. state shown in this figure) clockwise direction or anticlockwise direction rotation, the corner of tween drive shaft 222 will be less than 221 corner of last axle, in contrast, the corner of lower shaft 223 will be greater than the corner of tween drive shaft 222, thereby axle 221 and lower shaft 223 corner are separately equated, promptly demonstrate constant speed.

Figure (b) expression, steering shaft 240 is divided into axle 241, tween drive shaft 242 and lower shaft 243 3 parts, last spools 241 are connected by universal coupling 245 with tween drive shaft 242, and tween drive shaft 242 and lower shaft 243 couple together by universal coupling 246.In addition, θ 5, θ 6 are joint angles.

Be installed in the axis (direction is extended in figure) 251 (this axis is represented with putting) of an axle of the center cross of the formation universal coupling 245 on the mouth Y-piece 248, axis 253 with an axle of center cross that is installed in the formation universal coupling 246 on the input end Y-piece 252, at F in view, with the hand of rotation of tween drive shaft 242 at an angle of 90.

In addition, do 256 if will be installed in the axis note of an axle of the center cross of the formation universal coupling 245 on the input end Y-piece 255, so, during for the craspedodrome state, this axis 256 is contained in the vertical guide at steering shaft 240.

Therefore, if what make steering shaft 240 goes up axle 241 from craspedodrome state (i.e. state shown in this figure) clockwise direction or anticlockwise direction rotation, the corner of tween drive shaft 242 will be greater than 241 corner of last axle, the corner of lower shaft 243 will be greater than the corner of tween drive shaft 242, thereby the corner that makes lower shaft 243 is more greater than the corner of last axle 241.

With last figure (a), the comparative example of three part-structures (b) is compared, in steering hardware of the present invention 60 shown in Figure 2, the end of axle 71 1 sides is provided with mouth Y-piece 94 on tween drive shaft 73, end in a side of the lower shaft 75 of tween drive shaft 73 is provided with input end Y-piece 91, be installed in the axis 103 (with reference to Fig. 4) of an axle of the center cross 92 on the mouth Y-piece 94, stagger 90 ° with the corner of the axis 104 (with reference to Fig. 4) of an axle that is installed in the center cross 92 on the input end Y-piece 91, in addition, as shown in Figure 3, when vehicle is the craspedodrome state, can be level by the axis 104 that makes an axle that is installed on the center cross 92 on the input end Y-piece 91 that is located at axle 71 end, when reducing from craspedodrome state left-right rotation handle, pitman arm alleviates lever operated power with respect to the pivot angle of handle corner.

Below the principle of above-mentioned steering hardware 60 is carried out following explanation.

Figure 11 (a) is the instruction diagram of principle of expression steering hardware of the present invention (b), and the generation reason of difference of the corner of the corner of input end Y-piece of universal coupling and mouth Y-piece has been described.

At first, as shown in Figure 2, making the input end Y-piece 91 of the 1st universal coupling 72, is the center rotation with axis 76, retouches out the circular trace that input end Y-piece 91 rotatablely moves.

At this moment, when the direction of the axis 77 of mouth Y-piece 94 1 sides was seen the input end Y-piece 91 that rotates, the track that can retouch out the input end Y-piece 91 that rotates was the ellipse with horizontal major radius.

Circle 131 shown in Figure 11 (a) promptly is the circular trace of above-mentioned input end Y-piece 91, and the ellipse 132 shown in Figure 11 (a) promptly is the elliptical path of above-mentioned input end Y-piece 91.

Among the figure (b), if the line segment 134 that will intersect vertically with axis 76, can be made projection---the dashed line segment 135 of this line segment 134 in the plane that intersects vertically with axis 77 as the lateral plan of above-mentioned circle 131 (with reference to figure (a)).This is equivalent to the lateral plan of above-mentioned oval 132 (with reference to figure (a)).

Therefore, if the length of line taking section 134 is 1, the length of line segment 135 then is cos θ 1.In figure (a), that is, the diameter of getting circle 131 is 1, and oval 132 short radius then is cos θ 1.

For example, be positioned on the circle 131 and be positioned at open circles 141 on the horizontal shaft 137,142 as shown by arrows, anticlockwise direction moves (promptly on circle 131, be equivalent to the rotation of input end Y-piece anticlockwise direction), open circles 141 moves to a little 143, and this point 143 is equivalent to along the intersection point 146 of the downward straight line 145 of the vertical axle by this point 143 144 with ellipse 132.At this moment, if center-point CL and point 143 that will be by circle 131 and oval 132 and put 144 straight line and remember respectively and make straight line 147, straight line 148, horizontal shaft 137 and straight line 148 angulation α 2 are (here so, with α 2 as corner from horizontal shaft 137) will be (here less than horizontal shaft 137 and straight line 147 angulation α 1, with α 1 as corner from horizontal shaft 137), that is, the corner α 2 of mouth Y-piece is less than the corner α 1 of input end Y-piece.

In addition, be positioned on the circle 131 and be positioned on the vertical axle 144 open circles 151,152 as shown by arrows, clockwise direction moves (that is, being equivalent to input end Y-piece right-hand revolution) on circle 131, open circles 151 moves to a little 143, and this point 143 is the point 146 on the ellipse 132 quite.At this moment, vertical axle 144 and straight line 148 angulation α 2 are (here, with α 2 as corner from vertical axle 144) will be (here greater than vertical axle 144 and straight line 147 angulation α 1, with α 1 as corner from vertical axle 144), that is, the corner α 2 of mouth Y-piece is greater than the corner α 1 of input end Y-piece.

Below, obtain the relation of above-mentioned corner α 1 and corner α 2.

If the horizontal throw of center-point CL and point 143 (and putting 146) is x, the vertical distance of center-point CL and point 143 is y1, and center-point CL is y2 with the vertical distance of point 146, then shown in [formula 3], can obtain the relation of corner α 1 and corner α 2.

[formula 3]

$\tan \mathrm{\α}1=\frac{y1}{x}\·\·\·\left(3\right)$ $\tan \mathrm{\α}2=\frac{y2}{x}\·\·\·\left(4\right)$

Can get from (3) $x=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="y"\; filenames="A20041001206400301.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}1}{\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}1}$

With its substitution (4) $\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}2=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y"\; filenames="A20041001206400301.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}2\&CenterDot;\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}1}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="y"\; filenames="A20041001206400301.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}1}$

Thereby tan α 2=cos θ 1tan α 1

As above Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and Figure 11 are described, the steering hardware 60 of the vehicle 10 (with reference to Fig. 1) among the present invention program 1, this device can be installed steering shaft 12 with rotating freely on vehicle body frame 11 (with reference to Fig. 1), by pitman arm 66 tierod 113 is installed below this steering shaft 12,114, at this tierod 113, track arm 111 is installed on 114 top respectively, 112, respectively at this track arm 111, on 112 front vehicle wheel 14 can be installed with rotating freely, 15, the handle 13 that is installed in above-mentioned steering shaft 12 tops by manipulation is controlled front vehicle wheel 14,15; It is characterized in that: above-mentioned steering shaft 12 is divided into a plurality of axles (going up axle 71, tween drive shaft 73 and lower shaft 75), and by universal coupling (the 1st universal coupling 72 and the 2nd universal coupling 74) axle 71,73,75 that these branches come is coupled together respectively.

Because steering shaft 12 is divided into a plurality of axles 71,72,75, and by universal coupling 72,74 axle 71,73,75 that these separate is coupled together respectively, so at the mouth Y-piece 94 that makes each universal coupling 72,74 during with respect to input end Y-piece 91 inclination joint angle θ 1, θ 2, look from the axis direction 77 of mouth Y-piece 94, can retouch out the elliptical path of input end Y-piece 91, i.e. ellipse 132.For example, when the major radius of input end Y-piece 91 from oval 132 begins to rotate, corner α 2 on oval 132 is less than the i.e. corner α 1 on round 131 of the circular trace of input end Y-piece 91, thereby can make the corner α 1 (or α 2) of input end Y-piece 91 be different from the corner α 2 (or α 3) of mouth Y-piece 94.

Since only adopt universal coupling 72,74 to connect the axle 71,73,75 that separates, thus compared with the past, simplify the structure of steering shaft 12, thereby can reduce the cost of steering shaft 12.

In addition, owing to use universal coupling 72,74, in the outshot that has not had on the steering shaft 12 of the present invention on the similar steering shaft in the past, the profile that can further dwindle universal coupling 72,74, make more miniaturization of steering hardware 60, the purpose of densification thereby reach.In addition, owing to needn't around steering shaft 12, reserving again than large space, can be comparatively near part around the steering shaft 12 ground configuration steering shaft 12, so can make steering shaft 12 more compact on every side.

Steering hardware in the solution of the present invention 2, it is characterized in that: steering shaft 12 is divided into 3 part-structures, and the mouth Y-piece 94 and two axles on the input end Y-piece 91 (mouth axial region 92b, 92b and input end axial region 92a, 92a) that are installed in the two ends of being located at tween drive shaft placed in the middle 73 are respectively intersected vertically on hand of rotation.

Because steering shaft 12 is divided into 3 part-structures, and two axle 92b, 92a on the Y- piece 94,91 that is installed in the two ends of being located at tween drive shaft placed in the middle 73 are respectively intersected vertically on hand of rotation, for example, adopt the situation of 1 universal coupling to compare with the steering shaft that constitutes as 2 parts, among the present invention, can pass through 2 universal couplings 72,74, reduce angle of rotation α 3 with respect to the pitman arm 66 of the angle of rotation α 1 of handle 13, increase turning rate, alleviate the operating effort of handle.Therefore, can improve the driving performance of vehicle 10.

Steering hardware in the solution of the present invention 3 is characterized in that: make the axis 76～78 of steering shaft 12 be crooked in lateral plan.

Owing to make the axis 76～78 of steering shaft 12 in lateral plan, be crooked, the mouth Y-piece 94 of each universal coupling 72,74 is tilted with respect to input end Y-piece 91, make the corner α 1 of input end Y-piece 91 be different from the corner α 2 of mouth Y-piece 94, thereby can make the corner α 1 of the corner α 3 of track arm less than handle 13.

Steering hardware in the solution of the present invention 4, it is characterized in that: vehicle 10 (with reference to Fig. 1) is for making the riding-type of steering shaft 12 rotations by rod-like handle 13, be divided into 3 parts each in 71,73,75, make tween drive shaft placed in the middle 73 more to tilt near on even keel than other diaxons.

Since be divided into 3 parts each in 71,73,75, make tween drive shaft placed in the middle 73 more to tilt near on even keel than other diaxons, if so roughly approaching inclination vertically of other diaxons 71,75 and almost parallel ground are provided with, can dwindle taking up room of steering shaft 12 on the riding-type vehicle, make the more purpose of miniaturization and densification of riding-type vehicle 10 thereby can reach.

Steering hardware among the present invention program 5 is characterized in that: can be by changing angle of bend θ 1, the θ 2 of axis 76～78, and change is with respect to the pivot angle α 3 of the pitman arm 66 of the operational angle alpha 1 of handle 13.

Because can be by changing angle of bend θ 1, the θ 2 of axis 76～78, the pivot angle α 3 of the operational angle alpha 1 cooresponding pitman arm 66 of change and handle 13, if for example increase angle of bend θ 1, the θ 2 of axis 76～78, when can reduce the pivot angle α 3 with respect to the pitman arm 66 of the operational angle alpha 1 of handle 13, can also reduce the operating effort of handle 13, thereby improve the condition of service of vehicle 10.

Also have, in embodiments of the invention, as shown in Figure 2,, be not limited thereto, can further increase the number of cutting apart number and universal coupling of steering shaft though 2 universal couplings are set as the steering shaft of 3 part-structures.

And, though steering hardware of the present invention is used for four wheeler, do not limit this yet, also can be used for 1 front-wheel, the three-wheel vehicle of 2 trailing wheels, or 2 front-wheels, the three-wheel vehicle of 1 trailing wheel.In addition, also can be used for handling the vehicle of trailing wheel.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the bending direction of going up axle and tween drive shaft of steering shaft, and the bending direction of tween drive shaft and lower shaft is opposite, but be not limited thereto, also can be to the equidirectional bending.

Claims (5)

1. vehicle steering device, this device can be installed steering shaft with rotating freely on vehicle body frame, by pitman arm tierod is installed below this steering shaft, track arm is installed on top at this tierod, and on this track arm, wheel can be installed with rotating freely, the handle that is installed in above-mentioned steering shaft top by manipulation is controlled wheel; It is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned steering shaft is divided into a plurality of axles, and the axle that these branches come couples together by universal coupling respectively.

2. vehicle steering device is characterized in that: when above-mentioned steering shaft is divided into 3 part-structures, make the axle that is installed in respectively on the Y-piece that is located at the intermediate steering shaft two ends, and vertical on hand of rotation each other.

3. vehicle steering device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: make the axis of above-mentioned steering shaft, see from the side to be bending.

4. as claim 2 or 3 described vehicle steering devices, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned vehicle is the riding-type that makes above-mentioned steering shaft rotation by bar handle, and make the above-mentioned tween drive shaft placed in the middle that is divided in each of 3 parts, with than other diaxons more near the angle tilt of level.

5. as claim 3 or 4 described vehicle steering devices, it is characterized in that:, can change the pivot angle of track arm with respect to the operation angle of bar handle by changing above-mentioned desired shape or cross-section angle.

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