CN1602386A - Method of freeing stuck drill pipe - Google Patents

Method of freeing stuck drill pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1602386A
CN1602386A CN 02824625 CN02824625A CN1602386A CN 1602386 A CN1602386 A CN 1602386A CN 02824625 CN02824625 CN 02824625 CN 02824625 A CN02824625 A CN 02824625A CN 1602386 A CN1602386 A CN 1602386A
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China
Prior art keywords
drilling pipe
power
unfreezing
ultrasonic wave
filter cake
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CN 02824625
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CN1320252C (en
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阿瑟·H·黑尔
阿兹拉·N·图通库
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B31/00Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
    • E21B31/005Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells using vibrating or oscillating means

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

An auxiliary method for freeing a drill pipe stuck due to build up of filter cake, which provides a reduction in the amount of force required to free said pipe which comprises: a) Lowering an ultrasonic horn type device down the drill pipe to the point of contact between said drill pipe and mud filter cake; b) Producing ultrasonic energy at the point of contact until the contact area is sufficiently reduced such that substantially less force is required to free the pipe.

Description

Unfreezing is by the method for bit freezing pipe
Technical field
The present invention relates to well workover, auxiliaryly when relating in particular to a kind of differential sticking use ultrasonic wave energy before applying unfreezing power, to reduce the method for the contact area of filter cake.
Background technology
In the drilling process of oil gas well, drilling fluid is downward by the inside of drill string, upwards flows back to ground from the annular space between the drill string and the borehole wall then and circulates.Drilling fluid has different effects, comprises lubricated drill bit and drilling pipe, drilling cuttings is carried go back to the rig plane, applies hydrostatic head to being about to drilled stratum from the shaft bottom, with water inflow well in the effusion that prevents oil gas or the drillng operation.
In the drilling process, the reason that drill string is blocked has a variety of.Differential sticking is one of reason of lock of tool drilling, often occurs in when boring permeable formation, and wellbore pressure is greater than strata pressure herein.Under these situations, when drilling pipe leans against borehole wall the preceding paragraph time when keeping motionless, slurry filter-cake is deposition around drilling pipe, and the drilling fluid applied pressure will make drilling pipe be fixed on the borehole wall filter cake.
Remind operating personnel to notice that the information warning that differential sticking may take place has, follow a large amount of consumption of sand, the pressure of forecast is very low; Slender and unsettled Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) (following writing BHA) section is in the inclined borehole; The increase of the out of hand and sand content of fluid loss; The overpull power of drilling pipe setting in motion, brill power or moment of torsion increase down.
The sign that the actual pressure differential bit freezing takes place has: drill string a period of time does not have motion, drill string can not rotate or move, but it is unrestricted to circulate.
The method of unfreezing differential sticking drill string comprises: apply moment of torsion, and jarring when having peak torque load; If jarring is unsuccessful, use spotting to discharge shell; Reduce mud weight, this may be influential to hole stability.The required overpull power of unfreezing drilling pipe may surpass the production capacity of rig, even rig is damaged.If there is a kind of method can reduce required unfreezing power, thereby do not damaging under the possible situation, used rig can apply enough overpull power, and that will be very useful.
In the petroleum industry, using wave energy is known technology.Yet the most general application of ultrasonic wave energy is a cleaning electronics microwafer in semi-conductor industry, and the daily cleaning of jewelry.
Sound wave and ultrasonic method are except being used for laboratory core measurement, on-the-spot well logging and seismic applications, and Tutuncn and Sharma have pointed out that sound wave energy can reduce by 4/5ths with the first dynamic pressure of slurry filter-cake.Referring to Tutuncn A.N. and Sharma M.M., 1994, " the colloid separating mechanism of acoustic wavefield ", first AIChE (american chemical IEEE) international particle technical forum, paper 63e, 24~29.
Other application of ultrasonic wave energy comprises, by downhole tool energy is passed to hydro carbons, reduces the viscosity of oil, promotes the separation of oil from well.For example, referring to U.S. Patent number 5109922 and 5344532.US5727628 discloses use ultrasonic wave cleaning well.
In recent years, people also attempt using vibrational energy unfreezing drilling pipe.US4913234 discloses a kind of system, and by the unfreezing of pipeline section in the vibrational energy realization well, it comprises: a) track oscillator that comprises housing; B) a lengthening spirality stator is contained on the housing, and a lengthening helical rotors is contained in the rolling of feeding freely rotation on this stator; C) device that is used for hanging described oscillator in drilling pipe near of the longitudinal axis rotation of bit freezing position around drilling pipe; D) be used for rotating the acoustic vibration that the drive unit that drives described rotor is realized the housing cross track, make housing around the traverse feed of drilling pipe inwall, thereby on drilling pipe, produce the quadrature transverse vibration force, make drilling pipe from the well unfreezing.
US5234056 discloses a kind of method of unfreezing drill string, and this method comprises a) that with a mechanical vibrator resilient suspension this elastomeric bearing has linear constant coefficient spring rate on the supporting construction of an elastomeric support; B) oscillator is connected to the top of drill string, elastomeric support produces low-impedance vibrational energy on the drill string top; C) drive vibrator produces the high-order acoustic vibration energy of longitudinal vibration mode, realizes the big extensional vibration displacement on drill string top; And d) drill string plays the sound wave lever, and the high vibration displacement on drill string top is converted to the high vibration force at stuck point place, thereby promotes the unfreezing of drill string.
When the drilling pipe differential sticking, result's drilling pipe of normally having to cut off, destination layer can not arrive by the route of optimum.In the art, if a kind of method can reduce the size of the required power of unfreezing bit freezing drilling pipe, it will be very useful.A kind of like this method may be saved time and moneys a large amount of in the drill-well operation.
Among the present invention, disclose a kind of assistance application of ultrasonic wave energy, it can reduce the contact area of pipeline, thereby reduces required unfreezing power, and makes that usually existing drilling tool is still more than sufficient when overpull.The present invention will save the drilling tool time, avoid sidetracking, and sidetracking is a kind of expensive operation, especially in the ocean deepwater environment.
Summary of the invention
According to the above, the invention provides a kind of method that reduces the required power size of unfreezing bit freezing drilling pipe, comprising:
A) transfer a kind of supersonic source to the contact point that viscous takes place along drill string, this supersonic source preferably has the main frequency of 20kHz at least;
B) apply ultrasonic vibration at contact point;
C) reduce contact area;
D) apply the unfreezing power that the has reduced drilling pipe that gets loose.
Summary of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of possible position of differential sticking drilling pipe.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the hollow cylinder filter element of use in test room's work.
The curve map that the aloxite hollow cylinder sample that Fig. 3 is damaged by drilling fluid (unfreezing) power that pulls out of hole reduces, this power is the function in ultrasonic processing time, filter cake forms under elevated pressure and room temperature.
Fig. 4 is the curve map that Berea sandstone hollow cylinder sample (unfreezing) power that pulls out of hole reduces, and this power is the function in ultrasonic processing time.
The specific embodiment
The invention describes a kind of ultrasonic wave energy assistance application and reduce the method that required unfreezing power is come unfreezing bit freezing drilling pipe, especially be applied to differential sticking.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of position of differential sticking drilling pipe.Under underbalance High Pressure Difference mud pressure, drill string 4 embeds filter cake 3 on permeable formation 2 opposites, pipe is blocked at contact area.Under the dynamic circulation operating mode, filter cake stands the mechanical force erosion of liquid stream and drill string.When pipeline in the well keeps static when not rotating, may form static filter cake, this has increased the thickness of whole filter cake.Drill string may embed in the thick filter cake, when especially well 1 high inclination and/or BHA are not completely fixed.Static filter cake is from the rear closure wellbore pressure (being in overbalance) of drilling pipe.Area of low pressure in drill string/back, BHA back enlarges, and begins to offset lower strata pressure.Differential pressure begins to form along drilling pipe/BHA cross section.Along with time lapse, the area that drilling pipe is closed in the filter cake increases.Overbalance pressure multiply by the resistance that cross-sectional area draws and prevents that drilling pipe from being pulled.During beginning, the growth rate of resistance is very fast, increases in time then.
The typical measure of drill string of being used for getting loose comprises: apply moment of torsion, and jarring when having peak torque load.In the differential sticking process, circulation does not stop usually.Therefore, on-the-spot liquid can cycle through the stratum that causes bit freezing.On-the-spot liquid comprises and can dewater and the additive of broken filter cake, also comprises the additive that can lubricate drill string.Broken filter cake will help mud pressure is delivered to the drill string back, eliminate the differential pressure on the drill string, make the frictional force minimum.Viscous force reduces thereupon, and relation is shown in equation 1:
F s=μAΔP (1)
In the formula, μ is a friction factor, and A is a contact area, and Δ P is a differential pressure.Want the unfreezing drilling pipe, unfreezing power need be equal to or greater than F sYet because the restriction of drill string and/or drilling tool sometimes can not produce enough power, in this case, drill string must be cut off, thereby causes great economic loss, creeps into also and can not arrive target zone along optimal route.Reduce mud weight and come in handy in some cases, still jeopardize the stability of well possibly.
The design of drill string is the main problem of considering.The intensity of drilling pipe has limited the maximum allowable load, and the ability that applies overpull power.Even the drilling pipe Intensity Design gets enough, the required overpull power of the drilling pipe that gets loose may surpass the drilling tool ability.This is possible, and when especially using the bradawl tool in the platform operation, drilling tool may damage because of exert oneself to surpass extreme overload lifting force.The down-hole oscillator also allows stuck point to bear high impact forces and relative low trip-out power and sets.Yet, the power that sometimes the applies bit freezing drilling pipe that is not enough to get loose.Oscillator self also may be blocked.Among the present invention, bit freezing drilling pipe contact area reduce to have reduced required overpull power.Because A reduces, viscous force also reduces (relation is referring to equation 1).Therefore, the get loose difficulty of bit freezing drilling pipe has reduced.
Among the present invention, encapsulation one ultrasound source in the housing of a pipe, pipe can be placed in the drill string.Ultrasound source is a kind of high-power scanning pinger, can be in the approximately fixed frequency work of 20kHz, and perhaps, frequency also can change between the 40kHz at several Hz.Instrument is made up of the cylindrical ceramic transmitter of different numbers, and transmitter radially transmits sound wave energy.Transmitter self is a slice solid steel, has piezo-electric device on it.Acoustic wave apparatus is connected on the high power amplifier by the standard log cable.Power amplification coefficient power amplification ratio is relevant with the ratio of instrument cross-sectional area.
In order to verify the present invention, adopt the Berea sandstone of saline soaked and aloxite hollow cylinder core to do the dynamic filtration test with known pore size distribution.Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the hollow cylinder filter element of use in the test.Real well geometry is described in hollow core test.Design and build the core sample that this element is tested 4-inch (inch) external diameter (OD), 8.3-inch length.The unit can use the hollow cylinder core of different inner diameters (ID).In the present invention, use the sample of 0.9-inch internal diameter.
The digital supersonic instrument of 450 models that a kind of Branson ultrasonic wave company by the Connecticut Danbury produces is used to ultrasonic wave cleaning purposes.System comprises energy supply unit, control module, converter and loudspeaker (horn).A PC is used for and system interaction, the gathering system data.
Under different pressure reduction, hollow cylinder Bei Leiyan (Berea) core is damaged by the drilling cuttings of Different Strata and/or drilling fluid.Drilling fluid is used for implementing static filtering.Under 600-psi (pound/square inch) pressure reduction, the unit was filtered about 12 hours.The thickness of filter cake changes between 2 to 3mm.Circulation of drilling fluid is gone into the hollow cylinder core and is flowed out circulating pressure 500-psi, flow velocity 50cc/min (cc/min) from annular space.Termination of pumping then begins static filtering from 500-psi, and long enough, and drilling pipe is adhered to, and static filtrate is collected.Then, use the ultrasonic horn of 20kHz main frequency in the pipe that adheres to the core wall, to carry out ultrasonic processing.Permeability, pressure reduction, ultrasonic processing amplitude, power, all monitored function that is used as the ultrasonic processing time of temperature, nearly infiltration is fully restored required energy and trip-out power and has also been obtained research.
Following example is used for describing content disclosed by the invention.Example only is for illustrative purposes, should not be interpreted as the restriction to any range of the present invention.Those skilled in the art are to be appreciated that when not breaking away from the essence of disclosure, the present invention can have different variations.
Experimental study
Test is used to confirm that ultrasonic wave is to reducing the effect of bit freezing drilling pipe trip-out power.Having designed the special dynamic hollow cylinder circulating device of having described and be shown in Fig. 2 above a kind of tests.Cell pressure, temperature, flow rate, used loudspeaker power and amplitude are by the data collecting system continuous monitoring.By changing the distance of damage face and loudspeaker, study the effect of energy source apart from distance.
Again with reference to the accompanying drawings 2, system comprises a stainless steel unit, and two moveable piston and a ultrasonic horn (ultrasonic horn) are controlled device.It can also can move under higher temperature when particular pressure differential working above under the pressure of 5000psi.Two piston pumps (by the ISCO company produce and market of Nebraska) are used for injecting fluid and control pressure reduction simultaneously in ± 1psi precision, to measure the permeability of sample.One data collecting system is used for writing down and monitoring the volume of real-time pressure, flow, injection liquid.In ultrasonic processing procedure, amplitude, power and time also are recorded and monitor in real time.
External diameter 4 ", internal diameter 0.9 ", long 8.3 " hollow cylinder shellfish thunder and aloxite core sample be placed on the dynamic hollow cylinder filter; outside filter cake is by the moulding under the stress condition at the scene of circulation drilling cuttings and drilling fluid; this field position is between sleeve pipe and hollow cylinder body wall, as shown in Figure 2.Continuous permeability test makes when might observe fluid fills up the sample interstitial space fully.Then, ultrasonic horn is inserted simulation test room's bit freezing situation as shown in Figure 2 in the pipe.In test for the first time, do not carry out ultrasonic processing.Apply trip-out power on the bit freezing drilling pipe, the size that increases power gradually gets loose up to drilling pipe.At this moment, the required load of record unfreezing drilling pipe.Then, the bit freezing drilling pipe is carried out the same test of another time, but carry out ultrasonic processing specifically, be respectively 1,3,5,10,15,20,25,30 and 35 minutes at interval.After the ultrasonic processing of carrying out different time, apply a little trip-out power, slowly reinforcing gets loose up to drilling pipe then.Handle three kinds of level of ultrasonic energy (30% size, 50% size, 70% size).Fig. 3 is the aloxite cylinder sketch in different amplitudes and ultrasonic processing time.Fig. 3 shows that for the aloxite hollow cylinder sample that is damaged by drilling fluid, the minimizing of trip-out power (unfreezing power) is as the function in ultrasonic processing time, and this sample filter cake forms under elevated pressure and room temperature.Trip-out force rate rate is meant the ratio of the forward and backward unfreezing power of ultrasonic processing.
When applying the ultrasonic processing of 70% grade (peak power), release force reduces the fastest.Yet, compare the situation of not carrying out ultrasonic processing, amplitude grade and ultrasonic processing time have all been reduced release force effectively arbitrarily.The test result of shellfish thunder hollow cylinder core is shown in Fig. 4.Different samples is used to test the effect that the ultrasonic processing time increases.Except that ultrasonic processing test in 40 minutes, other all tests all apply pulling force on pipe.Yet the ultrasonic processing time is long more, and required power is more little.And, to the situation of ultrasonic processing in 40 minutes, finally do not need pulling force; After ultrasonic the finishing dealing with, pipe gets loose at once.Test result can be explained by the minimizing of contact area.Because ultrasonic processing has reduced the thickness of filter cake, cause contact area to reduce.Therefore, by equation (1) F s=μ A Δ P as can be known, it is constant that μ and Δ P keep, A diminishes, F sDiminish thereupon.Trip-out force rate rate sketch about aloxite and Bei Lei hollow cylinder sample is shown among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.

Claims (13)

1. in the method for any unfreezing because of the drilling pipe of filter cake deposition bit freezing, a kind of householder method that is used to reduce the required unfreezing power of the described drilling pipe of unfreezing, this householder method comprises:
A) transfer a ultrasonic horn to the contact point between drilling pipe and the filter cake along drilling pipe;
B) produce ultrasonic wave energy up to making contact area power enough little so that need be quite little get final product the unfreezing drilling pipe at contact point.
2. the method for claim 1, also comprise: this drilling pipe is a differential sticking.
3. the method for claim 1 also comprises: ultrasonic wave energy is applied to contact point, makes at least one ultrasonic wave direction be basically perpendicular to filter cake.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: ultrasonic wave energy changes in the 40kHz scope at (several) 2kHz.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: ultrasonic wave energy is approximately 20kHz ± 5.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: ultrasonic wave energy has fixing frequency, is approximately 20kHz.
7. method according to claim 1, also comprise: the power extent of supply is 50 watts to 450 watts.
8. as method as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that: the power extent of supply is 100 watts to 250 watts.
9. as method as described in the claim 8, it is characterized in that: the power supply is less than 200 watts.
10. method according to claim 1, also comprise: pressure is for to be pressed onto 10000psi from atmosphere.
11. as method as described in the claim 10, it is characterized in that: pressure limit is for to be pressed onto 5000psi from atmosphere.
12. as method as described in the claim 11, it is characterized in that: pressure limit is for from 100psi to 700psi.
13. as method as described in the claim 12, it is characterized in that: pressure limit is for from 200psi to 600psi.
CNB02824625XA 2001-12-11 2002-12-11 Method of freeing stuck drill pipe Expired - Fee Related CN1320252C (en)

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US60/339,520 2001-12-11

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EA (1) EA006033B1 (en)
OA (1) OA12742A (en)
WO (1) WO2003050383A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102926683A (en) * 2012-11-19 2013-02-13 无锡市京锡冶金液压机电有限公司 Simulation experiment method for drilling-blocking prevention of rock drill in cave
CN103486331A (en) * 2013-09-12 2014-01-01 广州市恒盛建设工程有限公司 Stuck pipe handling method in trenchless pipe construction
CN105626035A (en) * 2014-11-06 2016-06-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Well wall experimental device used for simulating blocked and stuck conditions of well drilling

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6845818B2 (en) * 2003-04-29 2005-01-25 Shell Oil Company Method of freeing stuck drill pipe
CN105842152B (en) * 2015-01-15 2018-11-16 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Mud cake mechanical property measuring instrument
US11319777B2 (en) 2020-04-02 2022-05-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Extended surface system with helical reamers
US11306555B2 (en) 2020-04-02 2022-04-19 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Drill pipe with dissolvable layer
US11131144B1 (en) 2020-04-02 2021-09-28 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Rotary dynamic system for downhole assemblies

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US4384625A (en) * 1980-11-28 1983-05-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Reduction of the frictional coefficient in a borehole by the use of vibration
US4667742A (en) * 1985-03-08 1987-05-26 Bodine Albert G Down hole excitation system for loosening drill pipe stuck in a well
US6009948A (en) * 1996-05-28 2000-01-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Resonance tools for use in wellbores
US6863136B2 (en) * 2000-05-03 2005-03-08 Yoseph Bar-Cohen Smart-ultrasonic/sonic driller/corer

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102926683A (en) * 2012-11-19 2013-02-13 无锡市京锡冶金液压机电有限公司 Simulation experiment method for drilling-blocking prevention of rock drill in cave
CN102926683B (en) * 2012-11-19 2015-06-10 无锡市京锡冶金液压机电有限公司 Simulation experiment method for drilling-blocking prevention of rock drill in cave
CN103486331A (en) * 2013-09-12 2014-01-01 广州市恒盛建设工程有限公司 Stuck pipe handling method in trenchless pipe construction
CN105626035A (en) * 2014-11-06 2016-06-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Well wall experimental device used for simulating blocked and stuck conditions of well drilling
CN105626035B (en) * 2014-11-06 2019-01-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 For simulate drilling well be obstructed meet card borehole wall experimental provision

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EP1454034A1 (en) 2004-09-08
CA2469166A1 (en) 2003-06-19
AU2002348211A1 (en) 2003-06-23
EA006033B1 (en) 2005-08-25
BR0214858A (en) 2004-11-03
CA2469166C (en) 2010-11-02
EA200400797A1 (en) 2005-06-30
CN1320252C (en) 2007-06-06
OA12742A (en) 2006-06-30
EP1454034B1 (en) 2005-05-11
WO2003050383A1 (en) 2003-06-19

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