CN1600488A - Method for autonomous tracking welding line - Google Patents
Method for autonomous tracking welding line Download PDFInfo
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- CN1600488A CN1600488A CN 200410067327 CN200410067327A CN1600488A CN 1600488 A CN1600488 A CN 1600488A CN 200410067327 CN200410067327 CN 200410067327 CN 200410067327 A CN200410067327 A CN 200410067327A CN 1600488 A CN1600488 A CN 1600488A
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Abstract
An autonomous weld tracking method includes using a CCD camera to take the image of a weld segment before welding torch, processing the image by computer to obtain the deflection between weld and torch and the angle information of said weld segment, controlling robot to move along the weld, regulating the direction of camera by servo motor, recording the modified coordinate value of robot and the angle value of servo motor, and generating the coordinate value of robot in basic coordinate system and the angle value of servo motor for needed direction of camera.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of welding seam tracking method that is used for welding technology field, specifically is a kind of method for autonomous tracking welding line.
Background technology
Industry now operates mainly in the mode of operation that teaching is reproduced, and needs to rely on the great amount of manpower butt welded seam to carry out teaching before the new workpiece of welding, and this point is particularly evident when small lot batch manufacture.On the other hand the robot of teaching can not the perception workpiece size, the variation of clamping position etc., when these factors vary, welding quality can descend.Therefore, rely on vision to generate the weld seam coordinate automatically and have great importance, can enhance productivity and welding quality, and help to improve the intelligent level of robot arc-welding.
Find by prior art documents, people such as Xiong Zhenyu " welding journal " (2003, Vol24, " the locus curved welding seam based on rotating arc sensor is followed the tracks of " of delivering on No.5:37-41).Based on the rotating arc sensor signal processing method of perfect condition, studied the recognition methods of downhand welding, horizontal position welding and vertical position of welding weld seam deviation in the literary composition.Adopt fuzzy control method, designed the robot welding line tracking control system.This system has had the advantage of space curve seam tracking.But following deficiency is also arranged, need teaching straight line track in advance, and because only adjust welding gun when welding, adjustment process can be reflected in the welding bead and go, and can influence tracking accuracy and welding bead moulding.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of method for autonomous tracking welding line is provided, make its formation curve weld seam or weld seams shaped zigzag line coordinate under basis coordinates system of robot automatically, and the weld seam curve can be closed, can when welding, adjust to suitable capture position to ccd video camera automatically in addition, have very high practical value.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention is under natural daylight, after welding gun is directed into the starting point of weld seam, use the oblique the place ahead of weld seam ccd video camera, constantly obtain the image of a bit of weld seam in rifle point the place ahead, carry out image at main control computer and handle the deviation obtain between rifle point and weld seam and the information such as angle of this segment weld seam, advance along weld seam according to these information control robots, and adjust the capture orientation of video camera by the servomotor on the sensor, simultaneously time recording with the correction of weld seam deviation value after robot coordinate value and with the angle value of servomotor after the weld seam angle modification, generate the coordinate of weld seam under the robot basis coordinates is and the angle value of video camera servomotor during in suitable capture orientation.After robot covered one time along weld seam, the weld seam starting point was got back to by main control computer control robot, and dim light and optical filter are moved on to the place ahead of video camera, began to weld along weld seam.Cross with the method mild steel curved welding seam and wrought aluminium curved welding seam are tested, the result shows that this method has very high practical value.
Below the inventive method is described further, step is as follows:
(1) according to " 5 standardizations " welding robot control point (the most advanced and sophisticated point of welding gun) accurately demarcated.
(2) video camera is simply demarcated.For simplifying the difficulty studied a question, do not lose practicality again, when following the tracks of workpiece with the fixing horizontal workbench on, welding gun is vertical with workpiece.Distance between tungsten electrode point and workpiece remains on about 5mm in addition.On this basis video camera is simply demarcated, demarcated the location point of rifle cusp on image, unit is a pixel.The full-size(d) value of demarcation unit pixel correspondence near the image y direction rifle point, unit is the every pixel of millimeter.And the angle in the unit angle value corresponding image of servomotor in the calibration sensor.
(3) a bit of image in rifle point the place ahead is handled, obtained the center line of weld seam, and carry out feature extraction, ask for weld seam deviation and weld seam angle.Feature after handling according to every hardwood image in addition judges whether weld seam finishes.It is filtering, automatic threshold binaryzation, refinement that image is handled main process.When carrying out wire feed, need before binaryzation, in image, remove the welding wire imaging.Feature extraction mainly is that the butt welded seam center line carries out fitting a straight line, ask for this straight line on the image y direction with the distance of rifle cusp, i.e. weld seam deviation, regulation rifle cusp below weld seam the time deviation for just; Ask for the angle of rifle cusp place's straight line and image transverse axis, i.e. weld seam angle, angle is for just obliquely the time for one section weld seam on the regulation rifle cusp right side, and in oblique following time,, angle was for bearing.After piece image processing and feature extraction are finished, directly carry out next width of cloth treatment of picture.
(4) according to weld seam deviation and angle, determine separately step-length by the size of deviation and angle, send to robot controller in the mode of increment, the control robot moves and adjusts the capture orientation of video camera along weld seam.After circulation sent increment elimination deviation and adjusts camera angle, reading images was handled and the result of feature extraction controls next time.Simultaneously, read the positional value of robot and the angle value of the servomotor the sensor from robot controller, record is with robot coordinate value after the correction of weld seam deviation value and with the angle value of servomotor after the weld seam angle modification.
(5) step (3), (4) are moved simultaneously, and step (4) result of (3) is set by step controlled robot, finish or manually stop to follow the tracks of up to weld seam.
(6) according to the coordinate figure of first record, the starting point that weld seam is got back to by the control robot is prepared welding.
If on sensor, place semiconductor laser, utilize triangulation to obtain the elevation information of weld seam, independently follow the tracks of the three-dimensional curve weld seam.
The present invention is applied on the welding robot, can realize the autonomous tracking of weld seam, generates the coordinate of weld seam under basis coordinates system of robot automatically.Can make welding robot break away from traditional teaching mode of operation, the weld seam coordinate that direct application autonomous tracking generates welds, this has very big meaning for the productivity ratio and the welding quality that improve small lot welding production, and is particularly suitable for the welding under the extreme environment (nuclear power station, space etc.).Use the coordinate that the present invention can the formation curve weld seam, and the weld seam curve can be closed, this makes the present invention be fit to the welding of large-scale closed curve weld seam.Use the present invention when the welding curved welding seam, to utilize passive vision to carry out penetration control to provide convenience in addition, because after using the capture position planning of the present invention to video camera, the orientation of molten bath imaging in video camera is constant substantially during welding.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the inventive method is done further to understand, the servo binocular vision sensors on welding robot that embodiment adopts comprises: servomotor, synchronization belt transmission system, two small ccd camera, pneumatic system, dim light and filter system, inside and outside two hollow shafts, end cap and various supports.Synchronization belt transmission system comprise pinion, synchronously the band and gear wheel, pneumatic system comprises an electromagnetic gas valve and two cylinders.Dim light and filter system comprise dim light eyeglass, filter glass and lens supports, connecting rod and slide bar and support.Be characterized in that but the ccd video camera wrapping gun does the rotation of controlled angle to keep the capture orientation that needs and to load or remove optical filter and light damping plate automatically.Servomotor on the sensor is subjected to the ROBOT CONTROL management as the external shaft of robot, software interface is that main control computer passes through to send incremental data to robot, control robot motion and ccd video camera wrapping gun rotate, and the angle value of servomotor on pose value that can the read machine people and the sensor, control cycle is 16mm.Adopt the CAN bus to carry out communication between main control computer and the robot controller.The lens focus of ccd video camera is 4.8mm.
During tracking, be defined in weld seam starting point place, ccd video camera is positioned on the positive direction of y axle, and robot control welding gun is on the y direction of principal axis in basis coordinates, moves along positive direction earlier.
Step (1), the tool coordinates calibrating function that utilizes industrial robot to provide is accurately demarcated welding robot control point (the most advanced and sophisticated point of welding gun).
Step (2), when following the tracks of workpiece with the fixing horizontal workbench on, welding gun is vertical with workpiece, distance between tungsten electrode point and workpiece remains on 5mm, on this basis video camera is simply demarcated, demarcate the location point of rifle cusp on image, demarcate the full-size(d) value of unit pixel correspondence near the image y direction rifle point, and the angle in the unit angle value corresponding image of servomotor in the calibration sensor.After the demarcation, calibration result is write in the program.
Step (3) is used image pick-up card, and the image of ccd video camera is converted into digital picture, and circle collection is 300 * 400 pixels to the image size in the internal memory.The zone that image is handled in this image is the image of a bit of weld seam in rifle cusp the place ahead, size is 140 * 140 pixels, obtains the center line of weld seam, and carries out feature extraction, ask for weld seam deviation and weld seam angle, the feature after handling according to every hardwood image judges whether weld seam finishes.The image of the image of processing region and untreated areas is shown together, can show the effect of tracking so intuitively.
Step (4), according to weld seam deviation and angle, mode with increment sends to robot controller, the elementary tactics of control robot is when weld seam deviation is zero, robot is advanced, when deviation with constant speed V along bead direction, the proal while of robot, on the x direction of principal axis of basis coordinates system of robot, eliminate the component of weld seam deviation on the x direction of principal axis with speed Vx0, the angle of the direction of weld seam deviation and x axle is determined by the angle of servomotor in the sensor.In order to improve speed and the precision of eliminating deviation, when the component of deviation on the x axle is big, Vx0 is set at higher value; When hour, Vx0 is set at smaller value.Angle according to weld seam angle adjustment video camera makes the weld seam angle adjustment in ± 5 ° of scopes, and the step-length of angle is same to be adopted when weld seam is big, step-length is set at the principle of higher value.
Step (5), (3) (4) are moved simultaneously, and step (4) result of (3) is set by step controlled robot, finishes and manually is parked in tracking up to weld seam;
Step (6), according to the coordinate figure of first measuring point, the starting point that weld seam is got back to by the control robot is prepared welding.
Step in the inventive method (3), (4), (5), (6), all the mode with programming realizes in main control computer.The angle value employing multimedia timer technology of record servomotor with robot coordinate value after the correction of weld seam deviation value and after with the weld seam angle modification is a time interval time recording with 200ms in step (4).Step (3) and step (4) in the step (5) are moved simultaneously, adopt multithreading to realize in programming.
With method of the present invention, butt joint " S " type weld seam to mild steel and wrought aluminium carries out tracking test, gap width is 1mm, the weld seam coordinate figure that generates and the deviation of actual welds coordinate figure are less than 0.3mm, weld seam in image with the angle of transverse axis less than 2 °, select for use the camera lens of big focal length can further improve precision.This method practicality is good, the weld seam coordinate precision height of acquisition.
When the general sensor that uses camera position not move, as long as change slightly in the methods of the invention, the axis that in step (2), adds welding gun and the axis of video camera at grade and the vertical qualification of x axle of this plane and basis coordinates system of robot, and in (4) not the servomotor to sensor control.Use this method also can independently follow the tracks of some curved welding seams.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of method for autonomous tracking welding line, it is characterized in that, under natural daylight, use the oblique the place ahead of weld seam ccd video camera, continue to obtain the image of a bit of weld seam in rifle point the place ahead, carry out image at main control computer and handle the deviation obtain between rifle point and weld seam and the angle information of this segment weld seam, advance along weld seam according to these information control robots, and adjust the capture orientation of video camera by the servomotor on the sensor, simultaneously time recording with the correction of weld seam deviation value after robot coordinate value and with the angle value of servomotor after the weld seam angle modification, generate weld seam under the robot basis coordinates is coordinate and the angle value of video camera servomotor when needing the capture orientation.
2, method for autonomous tracking welding line according to claim 1 is characterized in that, by step it is further qualified:
(1) be that the most advanced and sophisticated point of welding gun is accurately demarcated according to " 5 standardizations " to the welding robot control point;
(2) video camera is simply demarcated: comprise and demarcate the location point of rifle cusp on image, the full-size(d) value of unit pixel correspondence near the image y direction rifle point, and the angle in the unit angle value corresponding image of servomotor in the sensor;
(3) a bit of image in butt welded seam the place ahead is handled, and obtains the center line of weld seam, and carries out feature extraction, asks for weld seam deviation and weld seam angle, and the feature after handling according to every hardwood image in addition judges whether weld seam finishes;
(4) according to weld seam deviation and angle, mode with increment sends to robot controller, the control robot moves and adjusts the capture orientation of video camera along weld seam, and read the positional value of robot and the angle value of the servomotor the sensor from robot controller, record is with robot coordinate value after the correction of weld seam deviation value and with the angle value of servomotor after the weld seam angle modification;
(5) step (3) (4) is moved simultaneously, and step (4) result of (3) is set by step controlled robot, finishes and manually is parked in tracking up to weld seam;
(6) according to the coordinate figure of first measuring point, the starting point that weld seam is got back to by the control robot is prepared welding.
3, method for autonomous tracking welding line according to claim 1 is characterized in that, perhaps places semiconductor laser on sensor, utilizes triangulation to obtain the elevation information of weld seam, independently follows the tracks of the three-dimensional curve weld seam.
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| CN 200410067327 CN1289252C (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2004-10-21 | Method for autonomous tracking welding line |
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| CN 200410067327 CN1289252C (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2004-10-21 | Method for autonomous tracking welding line |
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| CN100407222C (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-07-30 | 上海交通大学 | Partial image processing based butt type welding seam recognition method |
| CN101274386B (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2010-12-22 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | One side welding device and one side welding method |
| CN102003955A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-04-06 | 江门市蒙德电气有限公司 | Position detecting and sensing device based on image analysis and position detection method thereof |
| CN102059435A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-05-18 | 东南大学 | Longitudinal seam welding special machine with linear structure light type vision sensor and control method thereof |
| CN101474733B (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2011-07-13 | 山东科技大学 | Method for welding shipping container top reinforcing plate and welding robot |
| CN102284769A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2011-12-21 | 上海交通大学 | System and method for initial welding position identification of robot based on monocular vision sensing |
| CN101690989B (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2012-07-04 | 昆山华恒工程技术中心有限公司 | Welding seam tracking method of arc oscillation welding seam tracking robot |
| CN102922094A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2013-02-13 | 上海工程技术大学 | Ultra-small size welding seam tracking method based on heat input |
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- 2004-10-21 CN CN 200410067327 patent/CN1289252C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101274386B (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2010-12-22 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | One side welding device and one side welding method |
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| CN114669935B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2024-02-06 | 西门子（中国）有限公司 | Method, apparatus and computer readable medium for welding materials |
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