CN1600069A - Method for planting yew - Google Patents

Method for planting yew Download PDF

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CN1600069A
CN1600069A CN 03134615 CN03134615A CN1600069A CN 1600069 A CN1600069 A CN 1600069A CN 03134615 CN03134615 CN 03134615 CN 03134615 A CN03134615 A CN 03134615A CN 1600069 A CN1600069 A CN 1600069A
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seedbed
chinese yew
cutting
soil
seed
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牟新宇
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Abstract

A method for planting enqlish yew includes collecting and treating seeds, preparing soil, sowing, seedling-phase, management, creating seedling nursery, cutting, rooting and cuttage.

Description

A kind of Chinese yew kind method for planting
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the kind method for planting of a kind of Chinese yew.
Two, background technology
Chinese yew is the taxaceae aiphyllium; have another name called Japanese yew; belong to the first-grade state protection seeds; be that endangered natural in the world treasured medicinal plant; its branch; leaf; it is anticancer that the taxol that extracts in the skin is generally acknowledged especially in the world; immunity good medicine; because indiscriminate felling of trees in recent years; make it be close to extinction; though the resource of China's Taxus accounts for global 50%; but reach 6,300,000 crowd with life that the whole world is captured by cancer every year and the numeral of number of the infected about ten million people of global annual cancer compared; do not satisfy the actual demand of extensive patients far away; as press 0.006%-0.06% and extract taxol, even the branch of Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae in the whole world; leaf; skin all collects, and also only can keep the processing needs of short-term; and the breeding of wild Chinese yew is not only slow; and be subjected to the influence of its many biological propertyes, and limit the development of its natural community, still be in the exploratory stage for many years so far with artificial or chemical method taxol biosynthesis; so it is extremely urgent, imperative manually to expand numerous development taxus resource.Now, the unique method that solves the taxol supply is exactly the breeding that enlarges Chinese yew, makes the production of taxol that enough raw materials of base endlessly be arranged.
Traditional plant breeding method has following several:
1, seed seedling-raising.Generally the plant seed breeding that has a rigid shell all needs could germinate through the dormancy of hundred days even longer time, otherwise live then can only the germination next year, breaking husky Tibetan of general normal employing autumn and winter of the method for not receiving the dormancy phase handles, face to soak under spring before broadcasting and broadcast, but this kind method through repetition test concerning Chinese yew and so on rare plant, still need 27 months husky Tibetan to handle, just have only a few to germinate.
2, cuttage and seedling culture.After plant dormancy stopped growing, the cutting that annual branch is cut into Len req was husky the Tibetan, treated spring temperature rise back cuttage in next year.But concerning the plant with difficult rooting of Chinese yew and so on, have not a particle of the possibility that survives, even handle the rooting rate that also can only reach about 5% with common root-inducing powder before inserting.
3, graft seedling growth.Husky at once Tibetan of the plant species bar of autumn and winter clip handled, before plant base anvil rudiment in next year, reach the method that adopts " grafting ", " scion grafting ", perhaps plant enters secondary after of short duration resting stage in full summer, and the method for utilizing leaf bud to carry out " bud grafting " all can be finished the breeding purpose of plant.But the content of dispersion of Chinese yew root uniqueness, as seek atypical plant and wasted limited resources as the grafted with base anvil Chinese yew, the practical significance of development Chinese yew fundamentally obviously lost.
Three, summary of the invention
The invention solves the technical problem that kind method for planting seed seedling-raising germination period is long, germination rate is low, the cuttage root-taking rate is low and transplanting survival rate is low of Chinese yew traditional in the background technology.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of Chinese yew kind method for planting, and its special character is; This method may further comprise the steps:
100) seed collection and processing: pluck fruit after Cold Dew, place water to soak, the seed after soaking is washed by rubbing with the hands repeatedly, the hard interior exosper of seed is dispeled in wearing and tearing, shakeouts and dries;
200) sow wholely
201) deep ploughing is handled: select the seedbed, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer on the face of land;
202) bedding: it is thin that soil block is smashed rake, polishes, and two furrow are lower slightly every the centre along appearance;
203) sowing: the seed of handling well is shakeout heavy seeding on the seedbed, with fine earth lid kind, water permeablely, the flat cover plastic sheeting for farm use mixes covering wet soil and dried wheat straw or straw on film, and high both sides are lower slightly in the middle of the seedbed.
300) seedling management
301) short long: as after the beginning of spring, to see that every three five thumb the seedbed, and build middle-size and small-size arch film insulation vernalization and take root that seedling length is taken off the film hardening during to 2 leaves-3 leaf;
302) transplant: when seedling grows to the 4 leaf left and right sides, select the cloudy day to dig seedling and transplant;
400) set up the nursery: select sandy soil, preparing seedbed, seedbed are east-west, and cutting medium is selected perlite and river sand, elder generation's unwrapping wire when making bed, fix seedbed and operation road then on request, the bed surface both sides should be a little more than the seedbed, puts matrix and spreads outward and keep moisture content in the bed, bed surface is higher than 25-30 centimetre in operation road, cover the seedbed with perlite then, overlay on the perlite with river bed sand then, on the seedbed, set up shading screen;
500) rooting of cuttings is handled
501) the skewer bar is husky hides: select the Chinese yew branch, be cut into the branch between the long 15-18cm, and tired bundled, neatly be placed on the sand bed, cover sand above the cutting again.
502) cutting treatment: with the cutting that sand was hidden, in sand, take out the previous day, build and mould canopy film water pond or plastic basin, cutting is placed in pond or the basin, discharges water and soaked 5-6 hour in cuttage.
600) cuttage: cuttage is carried out in soaked cutting on the seedbed.
Above-mentioned steps 100) can earlier an amount of gibberellin fully be dissolved with alcohol before the sowing in and soak seed more than 20 minute, pull the back out and soaked seed 24 hours with VDZ vigor root element.
When selecting the seedbed above-mentioned steps 201), selects east-westly, row irrigation makes things convenient for, and soil layer is done the seedbed than plumpness and the good plot of permeability.
It is wide to make 1m-1.2m when doing furrow above-mentioned steps 202), the preceding furrow apart from 60-80cm of furrow.
When above-mentioned steps 400) selecting sandy soil, select traffic convenience, irrigation conditions is good, and soil layer is deep, and the soil is porous, the well-formed, and water holding capacity is strong, the sandy soil that the content of organic matter is higher, P in soil H value is between the 5.8-8.
Select the Chinese yew branch about the living about 4-5mm of rugosity of 1-2 when selecting the Chinese yew branch above-mentioned steps 501).
Above-mentioned steps 502) cutting after will soaking in water in is put into the dissolving of VDZ vigor root element and alcohol, converts then in the soup that water makes, and soaks 2-4 hour, and the soup degree of depth is at 5-6 centimetre, after taking-up is dried, and capable again cuttage.
Above-mentioned steps 600) the cuttage distance between rows and hills is 5 * 5 centimetres in, and the degree of depth is 5-6 centimetre.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, the seed seedling-raising germination period is short, germination rate is high.Chinese yew seed seedling-raising germination period of the present invention shortened to 6 wheat harvesting periods by 27 months, and germination rate is brought up to about 80% by about 10%.
2, the cuttage root-taking rate is low.Yew cuttage rooting rate of the present invention is brought up to more than 75% by about 5%.
3, transplanting survival rate height.Chinese yew transplanting survival rate of the present invention reaches more than 90%.
Four, embodiment
Concrete grammar flow process of the present invention is as follows:
100) seed collection and processing: pluck tree after Cold Dew and go up and collect tree maturation fruit preferably down, place ceramic cylinder or earthen basin, mix an amount of thick matter river sand and clear water, rough plank of similar washboard sample of interim manufacturing, seed after soaking is washed by rubbing with the hands on plank repeatedly, its hard interior exosper is dispeled in wearing and tearing, makes its easily permeable and final breaking dormancy.Seed is after mill is rubbed with the hands, and water rinses crust and sand, shakeouts and dries.Sowing in 6 days, the germination rate height.Must guard against Sha Zangzhi spring in next year or longer time, to sow on the contrary germination rate low even cause falling flat.Earlier an amount of gibberellin is fully dissolved with alcohol before the sowing and soaked seed more than 20 minute, pull the back out with VDZ vigor root element seed soaking 24 hours, can the activated plant cell, induce the generation of hydrolase, the promotion seed sprouting.
200) sow wholely
201) deep ploughing is handled.Select east-west, row irrigation is convenient, the seedbed is done in the plump plot of cutting good permeability of soil layer, the farmers''s expense (500 kilograms/mu) through the fermentation slaking is spread fertilizer over the fields on the face of land earlier, or biological compound fertilizer (50 kilograms/mu), and enriching zinc, to mix phosphorus or furans red an amount of, in case grub and acupuncture needle dash injury seedling rhizome after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term).
202) bedding.It is thin that soil block is smashed rake, polishes, and makes the wide furrow of 1m-1.2m (length is random).Be advisable apart from 60-80 before the furrow; Lower slightly in the middle of two furrow, be convenient to draining.
203) sowing.The seed of handling well is shakeout heavy seeding on the seedbed, with the sandy fine earth lid of 2-3 thickness kind, water permeablely, the flat cover plastic sheeting for farm use mixes covering an amount of wet soil and dried wheat straw or straw on the film, and high both sides are lower slightly in the middle of the seedbed, are fish spine shape and get final product.
300) seedling management
301) short long.After the beginning of spring, see that every three five thumb the seedbed, promptly remove covering, and take root with building middle-size and small-size arch film insulation vernalization as finding that seed " shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally ".Note at ordinary times regulating temperature, humidity, fine day should start the Wen Peng two ends, and film was put in the middle both sides of canopy when shed was oversize, and ventilation, ventilation cooling are looked soil moisture content and used the watering of spray dance device for unearthed seedling about 5 days.Seedling length is taken off the film hardening during to 2 leaves-3 leaf, when running into special cooling day, takes off late lid daytime, takes off film fully after whole temperature is stable.
302) transplant.When seedling grows to the 4 leaf left and right sides, select the cloudy day to dig seedling and transplant, seeding row spacing is random, later on if meet sell or during afforestation the finished product seedling can dig one and stay one or dig two and stay one.
303) fertilising of hoeing up weeds.Seedling is transplanted in 1 week and is wanted shallow hoe uprooting weed, enter midsummer and autumn after, the every mu of bio-fertilizer that should execute an amount of farmyard manure or 5 kilograms will note keeping ground evening tide and wet early.
304) diseases and pests controlling.The Chinese yew difficulty is being grown seedlings, in case few damage by disease and insect of taking root, for the available at ordinary times EM biological bacteria liquid of anti-contingency is converted the water slight irrigation.
There is not native cuttage and seedling culture
400) nursery is set up
401) select ground.Select traffic convenience, irrigation conditions is good, and soil layer is deep, and the soil is porous, the well-formed, and water holding capacity is strong, the sandy soil that the content of organic matter is higher.The pH value of soil is best between 58-8.
402) build the garden.Should deep plough before the preparing seedbed and carefully harrow, foreign material such as all weeds in the removing ground, stone.The seedbed is east-west, and the seedbed is wide 1 meter, and length is advisable with interior at 50 meters, is convenient to the field operation.Cutting medium is selected perlite and river sand.Elder generation's unwrapping wire when making bed, fix seedbed and operation road then on request, the bed surface both sides should be a little more than the seedbed, do about the high 7-8 in ridge centimetre, wide about 5 centimetres and reality, put matrix spread outward and keep the bed in moisture content, bed surface is higher than 25-30 centimetre in operation road, perlite with the 4-5 cm thick covers the seedbed then, and is even flat with the chi plate, and perlite covers the back and overlays on the perlite thickness 5-7 centimetre with clean free of contamination river bed sand, pick up stone, foreign material in the clean sand, even flat with the chi plate, make real the slope on a both sides with spade, in case the landslide, back of watering.
403) shade.Shading screen should build up 18 meters of crisscross double-deck cover heights for well.Select earlier timber solid more than 2 plant deeply beat real, above 18 meters of the high ground of stake, pile driving position should be selected in the operation road, is convenient to farm work, uses the exceptionally straight tension of iron wire, two pressure earth anchor of tiltedly leaving behind.Piling is decided according to the shading screen width, and fixing shading screen is all around hung up with the straw curtain is perpendicular successively then, to guarantee airborne humidity, prevents wind.
500) the Chinese yew rooting of cuttings is handled
501) the skewer bar is husky hides.Select the Chinese yew branch about the living about 4-5mm of rugosity of 1-2, be cut between the long 15-18cm, clip requires smooth, cut flat or Cheng Maer shape, do not have 50-100 a bundle, neatly be placed on the sand bed of 10cm thickness, cover the thick sand of 10cm above the cutting again, stay certain interval when the skewer bar is put slightly, tamp with sand in the space.Put as multilayer, compartment is used for corn straw and lashes, and is upright from top to bottom, with the ventilative skewer bar bad seedling of having a fever that prevents of shape.It is best that the skewer bar is hidden the spring skewer with the winter.
502) cutting treatment.Husky cutting of hiding is taken out in sand in cuttage the previous day, builds one and moulds canopy film water pond or plastic basin gets final product.Cutting is placed in pond or the basin, discharges water, allow transplant a cutting and fully absorb water, the water surface remains on about 10 centimetres, soaked 5-6 hour, immersion finishes, and puts the ponding in the clean pond, with VDZ vigor root element to going in the glassware, a little alcohol evenly stirs, it is fully dissolved, convert 20 jin, a traditional unit of weight in water then, (annotate: must guard against when converting soup and immersion and can not use metalware, in case chemical reaction) after soup is converted, cutting lashed stand up in the pond, the soup degree of depth was soaked 3 hours at 5-6 centimetre, after taking-up is dried or dried up with little hair-dryer, go cuttage again.
Face broadcast before, should be on the seedbed of humidity convert 500-1000 carbendazim doubly and spray one time with sprayer, carry out sterilization processing.
600) cuttage.The cuttage distance between rows and hills is 5 * 5 centimetres, degree of depth 5-6 centimetre, grasp down 6 centimeters on the clip with hand during cuttage, very standard once is inserted into the position, because the bad grasp of width degree, can do one is the lath of standard by the seedbed width, 5 centimetres of width, be disposed across slotting place of seedbed beginning, each 1 people of both sides, seedbed inserts on the lath both sides when inserting, and lath moves once in slotting delegation, very fast also standard, will be after inserting in time with spilling kettle, spill a water and allow cutting fully combine with the perlite sand, answer the water flood irrigation after cuttage finishes once, the slope with the both sides, seedbed before the flood irrigation makes real, smooth good operation road, it is best in this position of perlite to water water depth, and the seedbed cuttage finishes, and it is very crucial with air humidity to grasp moisture at ordinary times, moisture can not be too much, can not be very little, earth is inserted in the seedbed has water with holding between the agglomerating finger of tight energy, is advisable but can not drip, relative air humidity remains on about 85%, in order to rooting of cuttings.
Final-period management.But note uprooting weed slight irrigation and spray leaf fertilizer.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of Chinese yew kind method for planting is characterized in that; This method may further comprise the steps:
100) seed collection and processing: pluck fruit after Cold Dew, place water to soak, the seed after soaking is washed by rubbing with the hands repeatedly, the hard interior exosper of seed is dispeled in wearing and tearing, shakeouts and dries;
200) sow wholely
201) deep ploughing is handled: select the seedbed, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer on the face of land;
202) bedding: it is thin that soil block is smashed rake, polishes, and two furrow are lower slightly every the centre along appearance;
203) sowing: the seed of handling well is shakeout heavy seeding on the seedbed, with fine earth lid kind, water permeablely, the flat cover plastic sheeting for farm use mixes covering wet soil and dried wheat straw or straw on film, and high both sides are lower slightly in the middle of the seedbed.
300) seedling management
301) short long: as after the beginning of spring, to see that every three five thumb the seedbed, and build middle-size and small-size arch film insulation vernalization and take root that seedling length is taken off the film hardening during to 2 leaves-3 leaf;
302) transplant: when seedling grows to the 4 leaf left and right sides, select the cloudy day to dig seedling and transplant;
400) set up the nursery: select sandy soil, preparing seedbed, seedbed are east-west, and cutting medium is selected perlite and river sand, elder generation's unwrapping wire when making bed, fix seedbed and operation road then on request, the bed surface both sides should be a little more than the seedbed, puts matrix and spreads outward and keep moisture content in the bed, bed surface is higher than 25-30 centimetre in operation road, cover the seedbed with perlite then, overlay on the perlite with river bed sand then, on the seedbed, set up shading screen;
500) rooting of cuttings is handled
501) the skewer bar is husky hides: select the Chinese yew branch, be cut into the branch between the long 15-18cm, and tired bundled, neatly be placed on the sand bed, cover sand above the cutting again.
502) cutting treatment: with the cutting that sand was hidden, in sand, take out the previous day, build and mould canopy film water pond or plastic basin, cutting is placed in pond or the basin, discharges water and soaked 5-6 hour in cuttage.
600) cuttage: cuttage is carried out in soaked cutting on the seedbed.
2, Chinese yew kind method for planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: can earlier an amount of gibberellin fully be dissolved with alcohol before the sowing described step 100) and soak seed more than 20 minute, pull the back out and soaked seed 24 hours with VDZ vigor root element.
3, Chinese yew kind method for planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when selecting the seedbed described step 201), selects east-westly, row irrigation makes things convenient for, and soil layer is done the seedbed than plumpness and the good plot of permeability.
4, Chinese yew kind method for planting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is wide to make 1m-1.2m when doing furrow described step 202), the preceding furrow apart from 60-80cm of furrow.
5, Chinese yew kind method for planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when described step 400) selecting sandy soil, select traffic convenience, irrigation conditions is good, soil layer is deep, and the soil is porous, the well-formed, water holding capacity is strong, the sandy soil that the content of organic matter is higher, and P in soil H value is between the 5.8-8.
6, Chinese yew kind method for planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: select the Chinese yew branch about the living about 4-5mm of rugosity of 1-2 when selecting the Chinese yew branch described step 501).
7, Chinese yew kind method for planting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cutting after will in water, soaking described step 502), put into VDZ vigor root element and alcohol dissolving, convert then in the soup that water makes, soaked 2-4 hour, the soup degree of depth is at 5-6 centimetre, take out dry after, go cuttage again.
8, Chinese yew kind method for planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the cuttage distance between rows and hills is 5 * 5 centimetres described step 600), and the degree of depth is 5-6 centimetre.
CN 03134615 2003-09-26 2003-09-26 Method for planting yew Pending CN1600069A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100384317C (en) * 2005-10-28 2008-04-30 林敏� Method for planting southerm yew
CN102498853A (en) * 2011-10-21 2012-06-20 江苏红豆杉生物科技有限公司 Planting and harvesting method for improving 10-DABIII content of artificially planted laxus malrel
CN102726292A (en) * 2012-06-19 2012-10-17 湖南农业大学 Method for rapidly breaking dormancy of taxales chinensis var.mairei seeds
CN102763531A (en) * 2011-05-04 2012-11-07 湖北省农科院中药材研究所 Seedling cultivating method for cultivating big seedlings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei by two-stage process
RU2483512C1 (en) * 2011-10-17 2013-06-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Горский государственный аграрный университет" Method to preserve seeds of common yew on sloping lands
CN103283460A (en) * 2013-06-07 2013-09-11 江苏红豆杉生物科技股份有限公司 Taxus media cuttage method
CN103444425A (en) * 2013-09-18 2013-12-18 黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院 Cutting propagation method of gooseberry
CN103444393A (en) * 2013-08-14 2013-12-18 贵州黔城晟睿林业科技发展有限公司 Method for breeding Chinese yew seeds
CN103636393A (en) * 2013-12-16 2014-03-19 周丽连 Cultivation method of taxus chinensis
CN104170624A (en) * 2014-08-15 2014-12-03 重庆德文金银花种植场 Honeysuckle cultivation technology
CN104838948A (en) * 2015-05-14 2015-08-19 平顶山学院 Planting method of pure ecological taxus chinensis
CN104855085A (en) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-26 瑞严精机(上海)有限公司 Cultivation method for taxus chinensis fruiting bonsai
CN105027910A (en) * 2015-01-26 2015-11-11 盐城市弘森生态农林科技有限公司 Ascendens mucronatum cuttage technology
CN106069473A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-11-09 安徽菲扬农业科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Chinese yew
CN107896770A (en) * 2017-11-01 2018-04-13 柳州市朴鲁渔耕生态种养专业合作社 A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Chinese yew
CN109006144A (en) * 2018-08-22 2018-12-18 澄城县绿营种植农民专业合作社 The nursery of the drought-enduring nursery stock of loess and quick-breeding method
CN111527829A (en) * 2020-06-04 2020-08-14 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 Method for promoting germination of taxus chinensis seeds

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100384317C (en) * 2005-10-28 2008-04-30 林敏� Method for planting southerm yew
CN102763531A (en) * 2011-05-04 2012-11-07 湖北省农科院中药材研究所 Seedling cultivating method for cultivating big seedlings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei by two-stage process
CN102763531B (en) * 2011-05-04 2015-06-24 湖北省农科院中药材研究所 Seedling cultivating method for cultivating big seedlings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei by two-stage process
RU2483512C1 (en) * 2011-10-17 2013-06-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Горский государственный аграрный университет" Method to preserve seeds of common yew on sloping lands
CN102498853A (en) * 2011-10-21 2012-06-20 江苏红豆杉生物科技有限公司 Planting and harvesting method for improving 10-DABIII content of artificially planted laxus malrel
CN102498853B (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-03-13 江苏红豆杉生物科技有限公司 Planting and harvesting method for improving 10-DABIII content of artificially planted laxus malrel
CN102726292A (en) * 2012-06-19 2012-10-17 湖南农业大学 Method for rapidly breaking dormancy of taxales chinensis var.mairei seeds
CN103283460A (en) * 2013-06-07 2013-09-11 江苏红豆杉生物科技股份有限公司 Taxus media cuttage method
CN103444393A (en) * 2013-08-14 2013-12-18 贵州黔城晟睿林业科技发展有限公司 Method for breeding Chinese yew seeds
CN103444425A (en) * 2013-09-18 2013-12-18 黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院 Cutting propagation method of gooseberry
CN103636393A (en) * 2013-12-16 2014-03-19 周丽连 Cultivation method of taxus chinensis
CN104170624A (en) * 2014-08-15 2014-12-03 重庆德文金银花种植场 Honeysuckle cultivation technology
CN105027910A (en) * 2015-01-26 2015-11-11 盐城市弘森生态农林科技有限公司 Ascendens mucronatum cuttage technology
CN104855085A (en) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-26 瑞严精机(上海)有限公司 Cultivation method for taxus chinensis fruiting bonsai
CN104838948A (en) * 2015-05-14 2015-08-19 平顶山学院 Planting method of pure ecological taxus chinensis
CN106069473A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-11-09 安徽菲扬农业科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Chinese yew
CN107896770A (en) * 2017-11-01 2018-04-13 柳州市朴鲁渔耕生态种养专业合作社 A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Chinese yew
CN109006144A (en) * 2018-08-22 2018-12-18 澄城县绿营种植农民专业合作社 The nursery of the drought-enduring nursery stock of loess and quick-breeding method
CN111527829A (en) * 2020-06-04 2020-08-14 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 Method for promoting germination of taxus chinensis seeds

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