CN1599233A - Variable frequency driving device of 3KV-10KV middle-high voltage multi-level three-phase AC motor - Google Patents
Variable frequency driving device of 3KV-10KV middle-high voltage multi-level three-phase AC motor Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
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Abstract
The frequency conversion driving gear of the 3KV-10KV middle and high voltage multilevel three-phase alternating current motor belongs to the field of the high voltage converter technique. The main circuit is composed of the multi-winding assistant side phase shifting isolating transformer and several H bridge power units with the three levels of alternating-direct- alternating. The commutation part of every power unit is three-phase diode commutate with no controlling, the middle direct current tache connects with the capacitor parallelly and the inverted part is the three-level H bridge construction and adopts the diode clamp or the capacitor clamp three-level structure. The voltage of the unit clamping capacitor is controlled dynamicly. The main switch devices can choose the corresponding withstand voltage and current power semiconductor switch devices according to the difference of the grades of the output voltage and the current. Several groups of power unit output are in the form of Y after being connected in series. The controller takes the high performance digital signal microprocessor as the center to form the PWM control signal and dynamicly controls the balance of the voltage of the power unit clamping capacitor. It reduces the number of the assistant boarders of the phase shifting transformer and decreases the cost. The dynamic control policy adopted by the voltage of the clamping capacitor increases the performance.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to many level of power electronics topological structure, belong to a kind of high-pressure frequency-conversion drive apparatus, refering in particular to a kind of is the three-phase cascaded structure of independent power unit with voltage-type AC-DC-AC three level H-bridges, and the clamping capacitance voltage of each three-level cells adopts the kinetic controlling equation method.
Background technology:
The sustainable growth of China's economy to the demand of electric power with long-term existence, 66% of the total amount of China's generating simultaneously consumes on motor, various blower fans and the pump of being used for wherein over half, replace original not speed governing transmission with the speed governing transmission, regulate flow and pressure by changing rotating speed, replace traditional method, on average can economize on electricity about 30% with windscreen and valve regulated, the speed governing transmission also can improve boiler combustion in addition, saves a large amount of fuel.At present, (it is ripe that<200kW) blower fan and pump are used the frequency control drive technology, obtains very good effect, this class frequency converter industrialization for conventional voltage and middle low power.And the above high and medium power transmission of 200kW accounts for market more than 70%, and energy conservation potential is huge.Below the existing alternating current motor 200kW of China is low pressure 380V, and the above electric moter voltage grade of 200kW mostly is 6kV and 10kV.Power department wishes to improve supply power voltage from reducing the line loss angle, carries out the 10kV power supply energetically, and the alternating current machine frequency converter of therefore developing suitable 6KV, the above grade of 10KV is an important topic.
The mesohigh frequency converter has obtained some application at present, also obtained obvious energy-saving effect, multilevel converter is the developing direction of mesohigh frequency conversion speed-adjusting system, and multi-electrical level inverter has the following advantages: near sinusoidal, voltage harmonic content is little more for (1), output voltage.(2), output voltage dv/dt is little, and is little to the insulation influence of load (such as motor), reduces the level of electromagnetic interference simultaneously greatly.(3), the single tube with low withstand voltage level constitutes high-pressure system, the single tube problem of withstand voltage of solution high-pressure system.
The mesohigh converter plant of employing multilevel converter has the converter plant and the voltage-type H bridge tandem type converter plant of AC-DC-AC voltage-type three level structures at present, and the application of this two classes converter plant has obtained certain effect, but also has some problems.
The general structure of the main circuit of existing voltage-type three-level converter is shown in Figure 1.Input side adopts multipleization 12 arteries and veins or the series connection of 24 arteries and veins not to control rectification, be output as three-level inverter, the series capacitance neutral point of DC side is by the series connection neutral point clamp of two rectifier bridges, this mid point also is the clamp mid point of three-level inverter, main switch adopts the device or the series connection of different electric pressures, can realize the large-capacity transducer of different electric pressures.
The three-level frequency-converter apparatus features is: the output by neutral-point-clamped realization mesohigh, improved output waveform than two level frequency-conversion devices, and reduced harmonic wave, the current on line side harmonic wave is little, and main circuit is simpler than the series connection of H bridge, and used device is few.
Sort circuit is applied to mesohigh also very big shortcoming: use High-tension Switch Devices, output dv/dt height generally must add output filter, has increased volume, cost and loss; Three level structures are with the device level of current and expected future a period of time, under the situation that device is not connected, can not reach the output of 6KV, can reach 6KV when adopting the device series connection, but when having big capacity switching device series connection intrinsic switch synchronously and the problem of all pressing, and output still can not reach 10KV.
The general structure of main circuit of existing H bridge tandem type frequency converter is shown in Figure 2, multipleization of secondary phase shift isolating transformer provides the three-phase alternating current input for each H bridge power unit among Fig. 2 a, each H bridge power unit is that three-phase is not controlled rectification and two level H-bridge inverter structures, shown in Fig. 2 b, each H bridge uses the low tension switch device, and the output series connection of a plurality of H bridges unit realizes high pressure output, the more approaching sine of output voltage waveforms, without output filter, the current on line side harmonic wave is little simultaneously.
The shortcoming of this structure is also clearly: because the output voltage grade is high more, series connection power cell number is also many more, general output 6KV is 5~7 grades of power unit cascades, output 10KV is 8~10 grades of power unit cascades, the secondary winding of required like this phase shift isolating transformer is a lot, need 15~30 groups of secondary three phase windings, the cost of general phase shift isolating transformer has accounted for more than 1/3rd of system cost.Therefore, phase shift isolating transformer volume is big, wiring is complicated, manufacture difficulty increases, and cost also increases a lot, becomes bottleneck.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of frequency-conversion drive apparatus that is applicable to the high-voltage large-capacity alternating current machine, especially all practical in 3KV~10KV electric pressure, and cost and reliability are better than existing scheme.
The invention is characterized in that it contains:
Many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer, its secondary winding are many group three phase windings, and per three groups of winding output line voltage phase places move past the same phase angle successively.
A plurality of AC-DC-ACs three level H-bridge Power Conversion unit are called for short three level H-bridge power cells, and it adopts diode-clamped structure or capacitor-clamped structure; Above-mentioned each export three phase windings and connect one three level H-bridge power cell, the output of 2~5 grade of three level H-bridge power cell that three phase windings of different phase shifts are connected is connected, and is connected into Y shape; Described each three level H-bridge power cell contain:
Rectifying part, for the three phase power diode is not controlled rectifying part, its three-phase input end is connected with the output of many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer secondary;
Clamping capacitance voltage detecting link is attempted by on the clamping capacitance by voltage sensor, detects clamping capacitance voltage; When adopting the diode-clamped structure, clamping capacitance is the two groups of withstand voltage direct current capacitor identical with capacity series connection, and they and above-mentioned three-phase are not controlled the output-parallel of rectifying part; When adopting capacitor-clamped type structure, clamping capacitance is for being connected across respectively on two brachium pontis, and with two groups of withstand voltage direct current capacitors identical of middle two switch in parallel with capacity;
The inversion part, be a kind of three level H-bridge structures, also claim three level H-bridge power cells, two three level brachium pontis respectively are in series by device for power switching, the mid point of its series connection is the output of cell voltage, the output of two or three level brachium pontis and rectifying part is in parallel, and each device for power switching adopts corresponding power semiconductor switch according to the difference of output voltage grade;
Total digital controller, it comprises:
Digital signal microprocessor, be called for short DSP, its analog input is, 6 * N road detectable voltage signals from the output of the voltage sensor of each three level H-bridges power cell, carry out conversion through the analog input interface circuit, connect the analog-to-digital conversion mouth that is input to DSP then, wherein N is the three level H-bridge unit progression that whenever are in series, and the N value is between 2~5;
The pulse-width signal expanded circuit, it is the pwm signal expanded circuit, it is a Field Programmable Gate Array device, three road PWM delivery outlets of DSP are connected with 15 I/O mouths as the assist control line and output to the pwm signal expanded circuit, its output 12 * N road pwm pulse signal, described N is the three level H-bridge unit progression that whenever are in series, and the N value is between 2~5;
The drive circuit of pulse-width signal, its input is connected with 12 * N road pwm pulse signal of pwm signal expanded circuit output, is output as 24 * N road pwm power drive signal, and is connected to the device for power switching of each three level power unit correspondence.
Advantage that the present invention has and wound property part:
1, for the frequency control of the mesohigh alternating current motor of 3KV~10KV grade, with three level H-bridge power unit cascades, and the clamping capacitance voltage of three level H-bridge inverters dynamically the mesohigh converter plant of control have versatility.
2, this programme only needs 2~5 grade of three level H-bridge power unit cascade in 3KV~10KV grade, with the series connection of the H bridge of existing identical output voltage grade and adopt the high voltage frequency converter of the power semiconductor switch of identical electric pressure to compare, the phase shift isolating transformer secondary number of windings is kept to original
Group has been simplified its design greatly, has reduced cost, and the cost of general phase shift isolating transformer has accounted for more than 1/3rd of system cost.
3, the diode-clamped structure of three level H-bridge power cells employing, the balance of its clamping capacitance mid-point voltage adopts program dynamically to control; Perhaps three level H-bridge power cells adopt capacitor-clamped type structure, and the clamping capacitance balance of voltage of suspension adopts program dynamically to control, and these two kinds of structures can increase the flexibility of output voltage control, improve reliability.These two kinds of structures can be selected in realization as requested.
4, clamping capacitance balance of voltage dynamic control technology.The clamping capacitance voltage of each three level H-bridge power cell records in real time by voltage sensor (being generally the Hall voltage transducer), deliver to DSP after the analog-to-digital conversion, calculate the deviation of all capacitance voltage values and setting in real time by software, prediction is also sent real-time PWM control impuls, dynamically control each clamping capacitance voltage in set point with this, and then the normal operation of each three level H-bridge power cell of control.
Accompanying drawing 9a, b, c are the waveform of control technology on an experimental system that this programme adopts.Fig. 9 a is the waveform that two clamping capacitance voltages of power cell are dynamically controlled after system start-up, waveform shows adopts this programme, can reach the stable control of DC side clamping capacitance voltage, make the stable operation of each three level H-bridge power cell, and existing high voltage frequency converter no this item technology still.Fig. 9 b is the phase voltage simulation waveform of asynchronous machine one phase that outputs to of converter plant, and Fig. 9 c is the experimental waveform of its phase voltage output, and waveform shows, native system scheme can realize the many level outputs of high pressure, have advantage mentioned above simultaneously.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the general structure of main circuit of AC-DC-AC voltage-type three-level converter, and wherein 1 is multi winding transformer, and 2 is rectifier bridge, and 3 is the intermediate dc link, and 4 is the diode-clamped three-level inverter;
Fig. 2 a is the general structure of main circuit of existing H bridge tandem type high voltage converter;
Fig. 2 b is existing H bridge power unit;
Fig. 3 is the basic structure of the big capacity frequency-conversion drive apparatus of multi-level high-voltage of employing three level H-bridge power unit cascades, and wherein 1 is many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer, and 2 is three level H-bridge power cells, and 3 is total digital controller, and 4 is three-phase alternating-current motor;
Fig. 4 is three level H-bridge power cell basic structures, and wherein 1 is rectifying part, and 2 is three level H-bridge inversion parts, and 3 is clamping capacitance voltage detecting link;
Fig. 5 is diode-clamped three level H-bridge power cells, and wherein 1 is diode-clamped three-level inverter basic structure, and 2 are capacitance voltage detection link;
Fig. 6 is capacitor-clamped type three level H-bridge power cells, and wherein 1 is capacitor-clamped type three-level inverter basic structure, and 2 are capacitance voltage detection link;
Fig. 7 is the circuit logic schematic diagram of total digital controller, wherein the power cell progression of N for whenever being in series;
Fig. 8 a is the structure of the 10KV converter plant of employing diode-clamped three level H-bridge power unit cascades;
Fig. 8 b is the circuit logic schematic diagram of its corresponding total digital controller;
The waveform that Fig. 9 a adopts two clamping capacitance voltages in one three level power unit of this controlling schemes dynamically to control;
The phase voltage simulation waveform of asynchronous machine one phase that Fig. 9 b experimental system model outputs to;
The measured waveform of Fig. 9 c experimental system phase voltage output.
Embodiment:
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following scheme:
The present invention is made up of many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer, a plurality of AC-DC-AC three level H-bridge Power Conversion unit (hereinafter to be referred as three level H-bridge power cells) and total digital controller, sees shown in Figure 3.Described many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer (hereinafter to be referred as the phase shift isolating transformer), its secondary winding are many group three phase windings, and per three groups of winding output line voltage phase places move past the same phase angle successively; Each is exported three phase windings and connects one three level H-bridge power cell, and the output series connection of the three level H-bridge power cells that three phase windings of different phase shifts are connected is connected into Y shape.
Described three level H-bridge power cells are divided into rectifying part 1, three level H-bridge inversion parts 2 and clamping capacitance voltage detecting link 3, see shown in Figure 4.A1, b1, c1 are the three-phase alternating current input, and rectifying part is that the three phase power diode is not controlled rectification; Intermediate dc link and electric capacity, inversion partly are three level H-bridge structures, and x1, x2 are cell voltage output.
Adopt diode-clamped three level structures in realization, see accompanying drawing 5, capacitance voltage detects link 2 output two-way detection signals, power switch S11~S14 and S21~S24 constitutes two three level brachium pontis, 8 road PWM drive signal g11~g14, g21~g24 are as the driving triggering signal of corresponding power switch, and x1, x2 are unit ac voltage output.
Also can adopt capacitor-clamped type three level structures, see accompanying drawing 6, two groups of clamping capacitance voltage detecting link output two-way detection signals, power switch S11~S14 and S21~S24 constitutes two three level brachium pontis, 8 road PWM drive signal g11~g14, g21~g24 are as the driving triggering signal of corresponding power switch, and x1, x2 are unit ac voltage output.
The balance of voltage of the clamping capacitance of this two kind of three level H-bridge power cell is dynamically controlled.Each switching device of three level H-bridges can adopt corresponding power semiconductor switch according to output voltage grade difference, as IGBT, and IGCT etc.Adopt 2~5 grade of three level H-bridge power unit cascade, the series connection of corresponding different progression can realize the high voltage frequency converter of the different electric pressures of 3KV~10KV.
The circuit logic theory diagram of described total digital controller is seen accompanying drawing 7, is core with high performance digital signal microprocessor (DigitalSignal Processor) as the TMS320LF240xA of TI company, with three road PWM delivery outlets and 15 I/O mouths as the assist control line, expand to PWM output in 12 * N road by Field Programmable Gate Array device (Field Programmable Gate Array/ComplexProgrammable Logic Device) as EPM7128S, here the N value is the three level H-bridge unit progression that whenever are in series between 2~5, generate 24 * N road through drive circuit then and drive pwm pulse signal, remove to trigger 24 * N power semiconductor switch.The analog input interface circuit is finished the function of signal condition and isolation, the clamping capacitance voltage signal of detected three level power unit, 6 * N road is carried out being input to after the conversion analog-to-digital conversion mouth of DSP.Software calculates the deviation of all capacitance voltage values and setting in real time, prediction is also sent real-time PWM control impuls, dynamically control each clamping capacitance voltage in set point with this, finish the dynamic control of the clamping capacitance balance of voltage of each three level H-bridge power cell, realize the stable operation of each three level H-bridge power cell, simultaneously the also alternating voltage output of control of conversion device of pwm signal that generates by software.Man-machine interface and communication unit are finished by serial communication interface that keyboard shows and are communicated by letter with PC and the function of monitoring; The switching value input-output unit is finished the monitoring, power device overcurrent of system running state, failure protection function such as overheated, and other peripheral controlled function require to decide on specific implementation.
Accompanying drawing 8a, b is the realization of a 10KV high pressure multi-level frequency conversion driving apparatus: the secondary of phase shift isolating transformer is exported 9 groups of three-phase alternating voltages and is respectively a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2, a3, b3, c3, former limit input 10KV, secondary output line voltage effective value is 2200V, line voltage shift phase angle is respectively 0 degree, 20 degree, 40 degree for per three groups, can make input power factor reach 95%.Each three level H-bridge power cell adopts diode-clamped three level H-bridge structures, see accompanying drawing 5, intermediate dc link electric capacity is by the two groups of withstand voltage capacitance group identical with capacity series connection, and the series connection neutral point is drawn, as the mid point of three-level inverters, adopt voltage sensor senses cell capacitance voltage; S11, S12, S13, S14, with S21, S22, S23, S24 be 8 IGBT that 3300V is withstand voltage, constitute two three level brachium pontis respectively, triggering signal g11~g14 and g21~g24 of being sent by the PWM driver element distinguish trigger switch pipe S11~S14 and S21~S24, the clamp bypass diodes is the fast recovery power diode of 4 identical electric pressures, and every unit output AC voltage is greater than 2000V; Every is three three level power units in series mutually, and three-phase is connected into Y shape, guarantees stack back output phase voltage greater than 6000V, and output line voltage reaches 10KV.
Fig. 8 b is a total digital controller circuit logic schematic diagram; with high performance digital signal microprocessor TMS320LF2407A is core; its three road PWM delivery outlet and 15 I/O mouths are as the assist control line; expand to 36 road PWM output by FPGA/CPLD device EPM7128S; generate 72 tunnel drive signals through drive circuit; trigger 72 IGBT in 9 H bridge unit; behind the 18 tunnel detected capacitance voltage signal conditions; enter DSP through analog-to-digital conversion; its serial ports outputs to keyboard and shows; communicate by letter with PC simultaneously, the switching value input-output unit is the monitoring of system running state; the IGBT overcurrent; heat protection function.
Claims (1)
1,3KV~many level of 10KV mesohigh three-phase alternating-current motor frequency-conversion drive apparatus contains many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer and H bridge Power Conversion unit, have to be characterised in that,
It contains:
Many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer, its secondary winding are many group three phase windings, and per three groups of winding output line voltage phase places move past the same phase angle successively.
A plurality of friendships-straight-hand over three level H-bridge Power Conversion unit are called for short three level H-bridge power cells, and it adopts diode-clamped structure or capacitor-clamped structure; Above-mentioned each export three phase windings and connect one three level H-bridge power cell, the output of 2~5 grade of three level H-bridge power cell that three phase windings of different phase shifts are connected is connected, and is connected into Y shape; Described each three level H-bridge power cell contain:
Rectifying part, for the three phase power diode is not controlled rectifying part, its three-phase input end is connected with the output of many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer secondary;
Clamping capacitance voltage detecting link is attempted by on the clamping capacitance by voltage sensor, detects clamping capacitance voltage; When adopting the diode-clamped structure, clamping capacitance is the two groups of withstand voltage direct current capacitor identical with capacity series connection, and they and above-mentioned three-phase are not controlled the output-parallel of rectifying part; When adopting capacitor-clamped type structure, clamping capacitance is for being connected across respectively on two brachium pontis, and with two groups of withstand voltage direct current capacitors identical of middle two switch in parallel with capacity;
The inversion part, be a kind of three level H-bridge structures, also claim three level H-bridge power cells, two three level brachium pontis respectively are in series by device for power switching, the mid point of its series connection is the output of cell voltage, the output of two or three level brachium pontis and rectifying part is in parallel, and each device for power switching adopts corresponding power semiconductor switch according to the difference of output voltage grade;
Total digital controller, it comprises:
Digital signal microprocessor, be called for short DSP, its analog input is, 6 * N road detectable voltage signals from the output of the voltage sensor of each three level H-bridges power cell, carry out conversion through the analog input interface circuit, connect the analog-to-digital conversion mouth that is input to DSP then, wherein N is the three level H-bridge unit progression that whenever are in series, and the N value is between 2~5;
The pulse-width signal expanded circuit, it is the pwm signal expanded circuit, it is a Field Programmable Gate Array device, three road PWM delivery outlets of DSP are connected with 15 I/O mouths as the assist control line and output to the pwm signal expanded circuit, its output 12 * N road pwm pulse signal, described N is the three level H-bridge unit progression that whenever are in series, and the N value is between 2~5;
The drive circuit of pulse-width signal, its input is connected with 12 * N road pwm pulse signal of pwm signal expanded circuit output, is output as 24 * N road pwm power drive signal, and is connected to the device for power switching of each three level power unit correspondence.
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