CN1599138A - Four-polarization six-sector array omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Four-polarization six-sector array omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN1599138A CN1599138A CN 200410026375 CN200410026375A CN1599138A CN 1599138 A CN1599138 A CN 1599138A CN 200410026375 CN200410026375 CN 200410026375 CN 200410026375 A CN200410026375 A CN 200410026375A CN 1599138 A CN1599138 A CN 1599138A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a polarization array omnidirectional antenna of the PHS's base stations and mainly solves the problems of poor signal and small percentage of coverage of the tri-sector polarization diversity omnidirectional antenna in the PHS's base stations. We arrange the three minus or plus 45 degrees dual-polarization platy directional antennas with three 0 degree/90 degrees dual-polarization platy directional antennas interlacedly on the baseline of a hexagon to form the hexad-sector twelve-array minus or plus 45 degrees and 0 degree/90 degrees qua-polarization diversity antenna structure and carry out the threeway power synthesis to the directional antenna with same degree. The terminals of the hexad-sector antenna export four cable wires of +45 degree, -45 degrees, 0 degree and 90 degrees and connect with the base station to realize receiving and sending out the signal with different polarization methods. The antenna has an omnidirectional radiation directional diagram in the horizontal plane. Compared with the common level omnidirectional antenna, the gain of every polarization terminal is more than 12.5dB, the isolation between any two terminals is less than -25dB and it improves the coverage of the omnidirectional base stations greatly and increases the covering distance of the base stations.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the communication antenna field, specifically a kind of four polarization, six sector array omnidirectional antennas can be used as the polarization diversity omnidirectional antenna of PHS base station and the omnidirectional antenna in the mobile communication.
Background technology
Along with the development of telecommunications, people are to mobile communication, and particularly the quality of PHS Personal Handyphone System communication system is had higher requirement, and the raising of communication quality, i.e. one of important means of signal strength signal intensity increase is exactly to increase base station density.But the increase of base station number not only can take up space, and influence is beautified the environment, and increases input.Therefore, how to utilize existing base station and improve the performance of antenna itself, just become to solve the important means of mobile communication quality problems.In order to overcome in mobile communication system and PHS Personal Handyphone System communication system because the received signal decline that the multipath transmission causes can be adopted space diversity or polarization diversity reception technique usually.Yet, because except the received signal decline that the multipath transmission causes, also there is the uncertainty of transmitting signal polarization vector in the existence of factors such as building and hypsography.When receiving and transmitting antenna polarizes when identical, efficiency of transmission is the highest.If when both polarization have certain included angle, then have polarization loss.For example, a vertical polarized antenna can only receive vertically polarized wave, can not receive horizontal polarized wave; And for example: when receiving vertically polarized wave with 45 ° of poliarizing antenna, 3 decibels of received power losses.In order to overcome these losses, the multi-polarization antenna that need have several different polarization receives, and selects maximum received signal, obtains best reception.At present, the dual-polarized directional base station antenna that mainly adopts the sector to cover is realized the polarization diversity of each sector, or adopts the directional base station antenna of two sides single polarization, realizes the space diversity of each sector.And for the omni-base station antenna that omnidirectional covers, in practical engineering application, mainly be to adopt the structure of overpaying single polarization omnidirectional antenna implementation space diversity.In order to realize the polarization diversity of coverage base station system of omnidirectional, ° directional bipolarization antenna integrated combining structure in three sectors ± 45 has appearred in the prior art, as " the Personal Handyphone System PHS communication system omnidirectional intelligent aerial of polarization diversity " of Xi'an Haitian Antenna Sci-tech Co., Ltd.'s development, this antenna is exactly integrated three sectors ± 45 ° of dual polarization diversity omnidirectional antennas.This antenna is by directly linking to each other low-noise preamplifier with antenna output end, make the gain of combination omnidirectional antenna gain far above general omnidirectional antenna, but this antenna owing to be subjected to ± restriction of 45 ° of inherent characteristics of dual polarized antenna own, in handing-over zone, sector, i.e. individual antenna oscillator wave beam coverage sector intersect edge polarization resolution, promptly cross polarization is lower, be generally about 10dB, therefore, when using this antenna, its omnidirectional's polarization diversity effect can be under some influence.And it is because lower in each synthetic gain in handing-over zone of three sector combination, do not reach the yield value that general omnidirectional antenna is 11dB, make at these regional omnidirectional's coverage effects relatively poorly, the omnidirectional that has influenced the base station covers and omnibearing polarization diversity performance, causes the deficiency of Personal Handyphone System signal difference.
The content of invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the deficiency of existing integrated three sector combination ± 45 ° of dual-polarization omnidirectional antennas, a kind of four polarization, six sector array omnidirectional antennas that can increase base station omnidirectional coverage rate and can improve omnidirectional's performance are provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
The present invention adopts three ± 45 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas and three 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas, staggered symmetric arrays is on a hexagonal baseline, constitute six sectors, 12 arrays ± 45 ° and 0 °/90 ° four polarization diversity antenna structure, directional antenna with every identical number of degrees carries out the synthetic connection of three road power again, export respectively at antenna port+45 ° ,-45 °, 0 ° and 90 ° of four cables, be connected on the base station, to realize the polarization mode reception that use is different and to transmit.Wherein, each face ± 45 ° double-polarization plate directional antenna is to be made of a plurality of ± 45 ° dual polarization oscillator and the feeding network that are axially fixed on the trapezoidal reflecting plate; Each 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas are to be made of a plurality of vertical/horizontal dual polarization oscillators and the feeding network that are axially fixed on the trapezoidal reflecting plate.During the group battle array,, require the antenna pattern of each single face plate antenna will satisfy 90 degree in order to guarantee the horizontal omnidirectional radiation of every kind of polarization mode.Because the polarization mode difference, plate antenna horizontal plane width control mode is also different.For this reason, the present invention is right ± and 45 degree polarization and 90 ° of perpendicular polarizations adopt the trapezoidal reflecting plate base plate width of adjustment and the height of dual-side and the angle of base plate and side to come the control wave beam width, and each ± distributing point of 45 ° of dual polarization oscillators and 90 ° of perpendicular polarization oscillators is arranged in order along trapezoidal reflecting plate axial direction, and the feeder line length of each distributing point is identical; For 0 ° of horizontal polarization directional antenna,, can not simply come the control wave beam width by the height of reflecting plate base plate width and dual-side and the angle of base plate and side owing to be subjected to the influence of its trapezoidal reflecting plate base plate less.For this reason, the present invention by changing the technological means of each oscillator structure, arrangement position and the feeder line length of forming 0 ° of horizontal polarization directional antenna, reaches the beamwidth of 0 ° of horizontal polarization directional antenna of broadening and revises the horizontal direction performance again.Its scheme is: the ∏ shape structure that 0 ° of horizontal dipole is designed to two symmetries, and the feed position of each horizontal polarization oscillator alternately arranged along the position, the left and right sides of trapezoidal reflecting plate axial direction, and distributing point is positioned at one group of feeder line length on the reflecting plate left side and one group of feeder line length phase difference of half operation wavelength that distributing point is positioned at reflecting plate the right, to change the current reversal of distributing point at one group of horizontal polarization oscillator in reflecting plate left side, make sense of current unanimity on each oscillator arms, guarantee that horizontal plane general direction figure is along the central shaft symmetry.
Described hexagon baseline is that the trapezoidal reflecting plate with the trapezoidal reflecting plate of 0 ° in each face/90 ° of double-polarization plate directional antennas and each face ± 45 ° double-polarization plate directional antenna is staggered fixing, form the tabular directional antenna cavity of hexagon baseline, promptly 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas are arranged on the first, the 3rd, the 5th these three odd number baselines of the tabular directional antenna cavity of hexagon, and ± 45 ° of directed skies of double-polarization plates are arranged on the second, the 4th, the 6th these three even number baselines of the tabular directional antenna of hexagon.
The present invention is owing to adopted four polarization, six sector array antenna structures, changing space diversity reception into polarization diversity receives, therefore, in horizontal plane, have the omnidirectional radiation directional diagram, with horizontal omnidirectional antenna ratio commonly used, maximum gain obviously improves, and improved the coverage effect of base station, be applicable to dense population areas in the city, the place that building is more, electromagnetic wave easily produces the zone of multipath transmisstion effect and polarization rotation; Because sector of the present invention array antenna parts can separately be assembled, debug so produce easily simultaneously, the batch making electrical property consistency is good, and in the coverage of 360 degree horizontal planes, has improved the utilance of cellular communication system antenna greatly; Can be used with the active power amplifier owing to the present invention in addition, so can increase the aerial radiation gain greatly, be applicable to that more the rural area covers at a distance, the residential quarter, 360 degree such as cross street cover distributed areas and set up installation, all have broad application prospects in GSM, cdma mobile communication frequency range and cluster, spread spectrum communication system.
Actual measurement shows, the present invention possesses vertically simultaneously, level, positive 45 degree, four kinds of polarization characteristics of negative 45 degree, these four kinds of polarization modes all have the directional diagram of omnidirectional radiation in horizontal plane under the situation that antenna vertically sets up, and the gain of each polarization port is higher than 12.5dB, and the isolation between any two-port is lower than-25dB.When four polarization ports were worked simultaneously, maximum gain was 13dB, has improved 3dB than original antenna, and coverage distance increases to original 1.41 times.The coverage distance and the signal strength signal intensity of Personal Handyphone System 1C7T plain edition 500mW base station have been improved from the structure of antenna itself.The advantage that in the use, have that profile is simple, attractive in appearance, volume is little, set up conveniently, floor space is little.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention, 1,2,3,4,5,6 six sectors of representative antennas battle arrays respectively wherein, 7 is+45 ° of polarization oscillators, 8 is-45 ° of polarization oscillators, and 9 is the perpendicular polarization oscillator, and 10 is the horizontal polarization oscillator, A is ± 45 ° of fan antenna reflecting plates, B is 0 °/90 ° fan antenna reflecting plates, and X is ± 45 ° of polarization oscillators, and S is 0 °/90 ° polarization oscillators.
Fig. 2 is cross-sectional view of the present invention, wherein L
11Be the base plate of ± 45 ° of fan antenna reflecting plates, L
12Be the side of ± 45 ° of fan antenna reflecting plates, L
21Be the base plate of 0 °/90 ° of fan antenna reflecting plates, L
22Be the side of 0 °/90 ° of fan antenna reflecting plates, 12 is the reflecting plate connector, θ
1Be the side of ± 45 ° of fan antenna reflecting plates and the angle between the base plate, θ
2Be the side of 0 °/90 ° of fan antenna reflecting plates and the angle between the base plate.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal polarization oscillator structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is six sectors of the present invention integrated combination feeding network schematic diagrames.
Fig. 5 is 0 °/90 ° polarization output port actual measurement voltage standing wave ratio curve charts, wherein recombination lines of the present invention
The actual measurement voltage standing wave ratio curve of representing 0 ° of polarization port, the actual measurement voltage standing wave ratio curve of single line-90 ° of polarization of expression port.
Fig. 6 is of the present invention ± 45 ° polarization output port actual measurement voltage standing wave ratio curve chart, wherein recombination lines
The actual measurement voltage standing wave ratio curve of representing-45 ° of polarization ports, the actual measurement voltage standing wave ratio curve of single line-expression+45 ° polarization port.
Fig. 7 is the horizontal plane far field actual measurement directional diagram of 0 ° of polarization output port of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the horizontal plane far field actual measurement directional diagram of 90 ° of polarization output ports of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the horizontal plane far field actual measurement directional diagram of of the present invention+45 ° polarization output port.
Figure 10 is the horizontal plane far field actual measurement directional diagram of-45 ° of polarization output ports of the present invention.
Figure 11 is far field, the synthetic water plane actual measurement directional diagram of four polarization of the present invention output port.
Embodiment
Further describe structure of the present invention and effect below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
See figures.1.and.2, antenna of the present invention is made up of three six array ± 45 ° double-polarization plate directional antenna and 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas of three six arrays.Wherein, each face ± 45 ° double-polarization plate directional antenna is formed the base L of this trapezoidal reflecting plate by trapezoidal reflecting plate A and eight ± 45 ° dual polarization oscillator X
11With its side L
12Between be provided with angle theta
10 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas of each face are formed the base L of this trapezoidal reflecting plate by trapezoidal reflecting plate B and eight 0 °/90 ° dual polarization oscillator S
21With its side L
22Between be provided with angle theta
2Each face ± 45 ° double-polarization plate directional antenna and the staggered symmetric arrays of 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas of each face are placed, fixed, then can form the reflecting plate cavity body structure of hexagon baseline by connector 9.Specifically exactly three ± 45 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas are arranged in the baseline position of 1,3,5 these three odd number of sectors of hexagon reflecting plate cavity body structure respectively, and three 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas are arranged in 2,4,6 these three even number sector baseline positions of hexagon reflecting plate cavity body structure respectively.Because each face directional antenna is two arrays, be that each face ± 45 a ° double-polarization plate directional antenna is+45 ° and-45 ° of two arrays, 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas of each face are 0 ° and 90 ° of two arrays, therefore, can constitute four polarization six or six sectors, 12 array antennas.
The base width L of described each face ± 45 ° of double-polarization plate directional antenna A
11, side width L
12, inclination angle [theta]
1, with the base width L of the trapezoidal reflecting plate B of 0 ° in each face/90 ° of double-polarization plate directional antennas
21, side L
22, inclination angle [theta]
2Unequal, i.e. L
1＜L
2, θ
1＞θ
2, thereby, form fixing slit in the junction of six ribs of this antenna chamber.
Described each+45 ° of polarization oscillators 7 and-45 ° of polarization oscillators 8 are equipped with distributing point, these distributing points all are arranged in order and fix along the axial direction of trapezoidal reflecting plate A, the feeder line length of each distributing point is identical.
The horizontal polarization oscillator 10 of described each perpendicular polarization oscillator 9 of 90 ° and 0 ° also is provided with distributing point, wherein, the distributing point of 90 ° perpendicular polarization oscillator 9 is arranged in order and fixes along the axial direction of trapezoidal reflecting plate B, and the feeder line length of each distributing point is identical; And for each horizontal polarization oscillator 10 of 0 °, owing to will guarantee the symmetry of antenna horizontal directivity pattern, so adopt distributing point 11 is alternately arranged along the position, the left and right sides of trapezoidal reflecting plate B axial direction, and distributing point 11 is positioned at the feeder line length on one group on the reflecting plate B left side and the feeder line length phase difference of half operation wavelength that distributing point 11 is positioned at one group on reflecting plate B the right, to change the wherein one group of reverse problem of electric current generation that is interspersed and causes owing to distributing point, guarantee the sense of current unanimity on each horizontal polarization oscillator arms at reflecting plate B the right and left.
The upper/lower terminal of described hexagon reflecting plate cavity is fixed with the hexagon metallic plate respectively, connects by lead between this upper and lower plate.The center fixed of upper plate has lightning rod (not drawing among the figure), makes antenna self have lightening protection installation, has avoided owing to do not have self to have lightning protection, and will set up the inconvenient problem of lightning protection in addition.Not only solve the engineering problem of installing, reduced labour cost, and saved the space, beautified environment.The outside of hexagon reflecting plate cavity is with overcoat, the lower end draw four be respectively 0 ° of horizontal polarization, 90 ° of perpendicular polarizations ,+cable of 45 ° of inclined polarizations ,-45 ° of inclined polarizations, during installation, as long as described four cables are connected with the base station.
With reference to Fig. 3, the present invention is for the beamwidth of 0 ° of horizontal polarization directional antenna of broadening, the oscillator arms 10 of horizontal polarization oscillator is designed to the ∏ shape structure of two symmetries, the transverse arm of this oscillator arms is provided with distributing point 11, this distributing point is connected with coaxial feeder, and the interior perpendicular arm and the base 13 of this ∏ shape oscillator are processed as one.
With reference to Fig. 4, feeding network of the present invention is with love and respect one's elder brother eight the oscillator feeder lines separately of two fixing arrays on the shape reflecting plate of each face, all carrying out three times in hexagon reflecting plate cavity connects in twos, promptly earlier with first oscillator and second oscillator, the 3rd oscillator and the 4th oscillator, the 5th oscillator and the 6th oscillator, the 7th oscillator is connected respectively with the 8th oscillator, draw four feeder lines, again these four feeder lines are connected respectively in twos, draw two feeder lines, at last these two feeder lines are connected again and draw a feeder line, so just can draw the feeder line of 12 directional array antennas of six faces from the cavity port altogether, promptly draw two feeder lines at the port of every directional array antenna.These 12 feeder lines are carried out No. three power combiners again by similar polarization mode to be synthesized, the feeder line of feeder line and the three tunnel-45 ° tabular directional antenna of polarization of three tunnel+45 ° of 1,3,5 three odd number of sectors tabular directional antennas of polarization that promptly will be arranged in hexagon reflecting plate cavity body structure respectively is synthetic by two No. three power combiners respectively, obtains respectively+output of 45 ° of poliarizing antennas and the output of-45 ° of poliarizing antennas; The feeder line that will be arranged in the feeder line of three tunnel 0 ° of 2,4,6 three the even number sectors tabular directional antennas of polarization of hexagon reflecting plate cavity body structure and three tunnel 90 ° of tabular directional antennas of polarization more respectively is synthetic by other two No. three power combiners respectively, obtains the output of 0 ° of poliarizing antenna and the output of 90 ° of poliarizing antennas again.Four cable ends of this four kinds of polarization modes output are directly connected to the base station, can carry out different polarization modes and receive and transmit, finish the uplink and downlink work of general 500mW antenna for base station under passive condition.
If with the rural area of antenna installation of the present invention in remote covering, or residential quarter, or 360 degree such as cross street cover distributed areas, can be used with the active power amplifier, the output that is about to four No. three power combiners is connected respectively to four active power amplifiers, can increase the radiation gain of antenna greatly.
With reference to Fig. 5, in 0 °/90 ° polarization output ports actual measurement voltage standing wave ratio curve charts of the present invention, the voltage standing wave ratio curve of the voltage standing wave ratio curve of 0 ° of polarization and 90 ° of polarization ports in 1880MHz～1920MHz all less than 1.4.
With reference to Fig. 6, in the of the present invention ± 45 ° polarization output port actual measurement voltage standing wave ratio curve, the voltage standing wave ratio curve of the voltage standing wave ratio curve of-45 ° of polarization and+45 ° of polarization ports in 1880MHz～1920MHz all less than 1.4.
With reference to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, in the horizontal plane far field actual measurement directional diagram of the horizontal plane far field actual measurement directional diagram of 0 ° of polarization of the present invention and 90 ° of polarization, three maximum lobes and three big lobe, the wherein directions of 2,4,6 three sectors in the direction corresponding diagram 1 of three maximum lobes are all arranged; The direction of 1,3,5 three sector in three big lobe directions corresponding diagram 1, the curve of both direction figure rises and falls and all is not more than ± 4dB, the approximate circle that forms an omnidirectional radiation.
With reference to Fig. 9 and Figure 10, in the horizontal plane far field actual measurement directional diagram of the horizontal plane far field actual measurement directional diagram of of the present invention+45 ° polarization and-45 ° of polarization, three maximum lobes and three big lobes are equally also all arranged, the direction of 1,3,5 three sector in the direction corresponding diagram 1 of three maximum lobes; The direction of 2,4,6 three sectors in three big lobe directions corresponding diagram 1, the curve of both direction figure rises and falls and is not more than ± 4dB, the approximate circle that forms an omnidirectional radiation.
With reference to Figure 11, actual measurement directional diagram in the far field, synthetic water plane of four polarization of the present invention rises and falls less than ± 1.5dB, satisfies the index request of omnidirectional antenna fully.
Usually the mode of operation of Personal Handyphone System 1C7T plain edition 500mW base station is the mode of time division multiple access, and promptly transmitting with received signal is at different time slots.The base station has eight emission/receiving ports, carry out signal when accepting when the base station, eight ports are worked simultaneously, and eight road signals that base station system will receive are selected to handle, the signal of judging which port reception simultaneously is the strongest, and this road that will be the strongest is as the emission port of next time slot then.For example, the signal that receiving port receives in 2 sectors is the strongest, and respective antenna is exactly the maximum lobe coverage direction of vertical/horizontal fan antenna, and after judging, the base station will select for use horizontal or vertical port to carry out the transmitting downstream signal.
When four polarization ports when working simultaneously, just formed the zone in the envelope of Figure 11, the maximum gain in zone is 13dB, and the deviation in roundness of envelope is less than ± 1dB, and the original antenna of the ratio of gains will improve 3dB, and coverage distance increases to original 1.41 times.The present invention has increased the coverage distance of Personal Handyphone System 1C7T plain edition 500mW base station from aerial angle, solves the PHS base station signal difference to a certain extent, covers little problem.
Claims (6)
- One kind four the polarization six sector array omnidirectional antennas, it is characterized in that adopting three ± 45 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas and three 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas, staggered symmetric arrays forms six sectors, 12 arrays, four polarization structures on a hexagonal baseline; The directional antenna of every identical number of degrees carries out that three road power are synthetic to be connected again, and+45 ° ,-45 °, 0 ° of output is connected with the base station with 90 ° of four ports respectively.
- 2. array omnidirectional antenna according to claim 1, its special card be each+45 ° of double-polarization plate directional antennas, be to constitute by a plurality of+45 ° dual polarization oscillator (X) and the feeding network that are axially fixed on the trapezoidal reflecting plate (A); Each 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas, be by a plurality of horizontal polarization oscillators and a plurality of perpendicular polarization oscillator (S) and the feeding network formation that are axially fixed on the trapezoidal reflecting plate B, the feed position of described each horizontal polarization oscillator is alternately arranged along the position, the left and right sides of trapezoidal reflecting plate (B) axial direction, and the distributing point of each perpendicular polarization oscillator in axial direction is arranged in order.
- 3. array omnidirectional antenna according to claim 1 and 2, its special card is three ± 45 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas and three 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas, staggered symmetric arrays is on a hexagonal baseline, be that trapezoidal reflecting plate with three 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas and three ± 45 ° of double-polarization plate directional antennas is staggered fixing, form the tabular directional antenna cavity of hexagon, promptly 0 °/90 ° double-polarization plate directional antennas are arranged in first of this cavity, the 3rd, on the 5th these three odd positions, ± 45 ° of double-polarization plate directional antennas are arranged in second of this cavity, the 4th, on the 6th these three even number positions, be fixed as one by connector (9).
- 4. array omnidirectional antenna according to claim 2, its special card are to fix the base width L of each trapezoidal reflecting plate B of 0 °/90 ° of dual polarization oscillators 1And base and side angle theta 1, with the base width L of the trapezoidal reflecting plate A of each even number that fixes ± 45 ° of polarization oscillators 2And base and side angle theta 2Not etc., i.e. L 1＜L 2, θ 1＞θ 2
- 5. array omnidirectional antenna according to claim 2, its special card is that the feeder line length of 0 ° of horizontal polarization oscillator is positioned at one group of the reflecting plate left side and is positioned at one group of phase difference of half operation wavelength on reflecting plate the right with distributing point at distributing point, with the symmetry of realization horizontal polarization horizontal radiation pattern.
- 6. array omnidirectional antenna according to claim 2, its special card is that 0 ° of horizontal polarization oscillator adopts the Π shape structure of two symmetries, with the horizontal plane radiation lobe width of broadening horizontal polarization oscillator.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100263751A CN100336269C (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2004-07-28 | Four-polarization six-sector array omnidirectional antenna |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100263751A CN100336269C (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2004-07-28 | Four-polarization six-sector array omnidirectional antenna |
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| CN100336269C CN100336269C (en) | 2007-09-05 |
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