CN1596584A - Standard technology of cultivating bisporus mushroom in paddy rice field without nuisancel - Google Patents

Standard technology of cultivating bisporus mushroom in paddy rice field without nuisancel Download PDF

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CN1596584A
CN1596584A CN 200410040554 CN200410040554A CN1596584A CN 1596584 A CN1596584 A CN 1596584A CN 200410040554 CN200410040554 CN 200410040554 CN 200410040554 A CN200410040554 A CN 200410040554A CN 1596584 A CN1596584 A CN 1596584A
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mushroom
kilograms
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agaricus bisporus
plantation
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朱华高
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Abstract

A standard technique for growing edible bisporous mushroom is paddy rice field without environmental pollution includes such steps as proportionally mixing raw materials, stacking, building shed, covering film, spreading raw material mixture, inoculating seeds, covering with fine soil, picking up mushroom, and using the culture soil as fertilizer of rice.

Description

The technology of the nuisanceless standardization plantation of paddy field agaricus bisporus
Technical field:
The present invention relates to adopt the method for agriculture nuisanceless control technology, belong to the technical field of edible fungus culturing, the technology of the nuisanceless standardization plantation of specifically a kind of paddy field agaricus bisporus by standard mode plantation agaricus bisporus.
Background technology:
Agaricus bisporus, formal name used at school is: Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing, be called for short mushroom, be a kind of macro fungi class edible mushroom.It is can be for human the 3rd edible quasi-microorganism food after traditional animal foodstuff, vegetable food product, agaricus bisporus is rich in the required nutriment of human survival, it is edible to be made into rich table delicacies delicacy, delicious flavour, comfortable taste, very popular, be can be for the ideal food nutrition source of maintaining the human survival procreation.Go deep into the culture technique of developmental research agaricus bisporus and in agricultural production the long-pending cultivating bisporous mushroom of big face plantation very important social benefit and economic benefit are arranged, have brilliant market developing prospect.We know, the growth of mushroom is to be its main nutriment with the carbon element material, and modal is to become thoroughly decomposed afterwards as culture base-material, for mushroom growth supplies nutrients with paddy and wheat grass and animal manure mixed-stacking.At present, there have a lot of countries all to produce agaricus bisporus in a large amount of plantations in the world to be edible, and China is that paddy rice is planted big country in the world, and straw resource is very abundant, has the advantageous material conditions of the required carbon element resource of development mycophagy bacterium industry.According to investigations: in China paddy rice producing region, paddy field behind the harvesting paddy rice generally all is to be used for the continuous cropping vegetables, in continuous cropping vegetables production process, can use some agricultural chemicals unavoidably, very easily cause pesticide residual contamination, make the decline of paddy field fertility, the rapid deterioration of soil property, and also income is very little economically for the continuous cropping pattern for traditional " paddy rice-rape " and " paddy rice-wheat " (being called for short " rice-oil " and " rice-wheat " respectively), in a lot of areas even the idle phenomenon in a large amount of rice fields occurs, cause the significant wastage of land resources.Though use rice in that China is existing, wheat straw makes the mature technology of nutrient base material plantation agaricus bisporus, rice has been adopted in the paddy rice producing region that has, wheat straw makes the mature technology of nutrient base material plantation agaricus bisporus, the paddy rice producing region that has has begun to adopt the pattern of " mushroom-rice " continuous cropping to plant cultivating bisporous mushroom, but, there is certain defective technically in the mode of the continuous cropping cultivated mushroom that generally adopts at present, it mainly shows as: the residue of pesticide cross pollution takes place in the process of continuous cropping cultivated mushroom easily, cause the residue of pesticide of pestering, simultaneously the soil residue of pesticide taking place again, influences food hygiene and health; In addition, currently used continuous cropping cultivated mushroom method is lack of standardization technically, and time-consuming in operation, the production cost of cultivated mushroom is higher, and production output of mushroom and product quality are extremely unstable, and the economy of cultivated mushroom is produced effects relatively poor.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is the technology that proposes the nuisanceless standardization plantation of a kind of paddy field agaricus bisporus on the basis of existing technology, and it is that it is undertaken by following step successively to the improvement of existing " mushroom-rice " continuous cropping cultivated mushroom conventional method:
(1) weigh batching: the standard proportioning (by weight) of each raw material is:
Standard recipe one (being example for long-pending 111 square metres) by broadcasting standard mushroom bed surface only:
100 bottles of bacterial classifications (every bottle of normal capacity 700ml),
2000 kilograms of rice (wheat) grass (air-dry) 1500 ∽,
110 kilograms of special-purpose fertile 100 ∽ of mushroom,
15 kilograms of urea 8 ∽,
100 kilograms of oil cake 50 ∽,
50 kilograms of lime 40 ∽,
1000 kilograms of manure of livestock and poultry (air-dry) 500 ∽,
Standard recipe two (being example for long-pending 111 square metres) by broadcasting standard mushroom bed surface only:
100 bottles of bacterial classifications (every bottle of normal capacity 700ml),
2000 kilograms of rice (wheat) grass (air-dry) 1500 ∽,
15 kilograms of urea 10 ∽,
50 kilograms of composite fertilizer 25 ∽,
50 kilograms of superphosphate 40 ∽,
50 kilograms of gypsum 40 ∽,
50 kilograms of lime 40 ∽,
100 kilograms of oil cake 50 ∽,
1000 kilograms of manure of livestock and poultry (air-dry) 500 ∽,
Selected straw standard: dry nothing is gone rotten,
Above-mentioned nutrient base material should meet the requirement as following table one nuisanceless standard:
Table one: the nuisanceless standard of nutrient base material (mg/kg)
Arsenic (As) ????≤20
Mercury (Hg) ????≤1.0
Plumbous (Pb) ????≤350
Cadmium (Cd) ????≤0.6
Continuous table one:
Sulphite (S0 2) ????≤100
Hexachlorcyclohexane (BHC) ????≤1
Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) ????≤1
Carbendazim (Carbenda2im) ????≤2
Dichlorvos (dichlorlos) ????≤2
(2) select the field windrow:
Select the paddy field standard to be: arrange, pour water conveniently, soil acidity or alkalinity (pH value) is 6.5 ∽ 8.5, and the soil texture is loam, loam clay, clay loam or earth sandy soil, and ashen is purple, brown or black, should not select redness for use, in the fertility, first-class be good,
Detection soil and water quality should meet the requirement as following table two nuisanceless standards:
Table two: the nuisanceless standard of soil and water quality:
Water quality (mg/L) Soil (mg/kg)
????PH5.5∽8.5 ????6.5 ??6.5∽7.5 ????7.5
Cadmium≤0.005 ????0.30 ??0.30 ????0.60
Arsenic≤0.05 ????30 ??25 ????20
Chromium≤0.1 ????250 ??300 ????350
Plumbous≤0.1 ????250 ??300 ????350
Copper ????50 ??100 ????100
Fluoride≤2.0
????COD≤0.50
Cyanide≤0.50
The paddy field that has gathered in paddy rice (generally the Gregorian calendar mid-August to early September) by above-mentioned Standard Selection is on the spot as the place of plantation agaricus bisporus, by selecting the straw standard for use described in the weigh batching step, select for use the straw that dries to add prewet 1 ∽ 2 days of water on the spot, taking by weighing various fertilizer materials by standard recipe one described in the weigh batching step or standard recipe two specified standard proportionings again puddles and evenly carries out material-piling on-site and macerate system, the operation or work standard that material-piling on-site is macerated system is: build the heap windrow on the spot and macerated system 6 ∽ 8 days, carry out the turning first time, continued to macerate system 5 ∽ 7 days with the film covering, carry out the turning second time, cover with film again and continued to macerate system 4 ∽ 6 days, carry out turning for the third time, adopt again and cover the heap top, half coverage mode of Chang Kaiing was macerated system 3 ∽ 5 days all around, carry out the 4th turning, take off film and on heap, bore and get through the pore ventilation and macerated system 2 ∽ 4 days, promptly make the nutrient base material that the growing availability agaricus bisporus is used
(3) scaffolding overlay film: select described in the windrow step of field to build frame on the spot in the selected paddy field of paddy field standard by selecting, the operation or work standard of scaffolding overlay film is: build frame with bamboo and wood or steel pipe tubing, frame is a semicircular arch antiform shape, 1.8 meters of high 1.6 ∽ of frame, 8 meters of canopy bottom width 6 ∽, 20 meters of long 15 ∽ of frame, frame adds the white plastic film with black plastic film or black sunshade net and covers the mushroom canopy that frame promptly builds up the growing availability agaricus bisporus
(4) stone sowing: will select windrow in the windrow step of field and macerate the nutrient base material of system and send to and lay the mushroom bed in the mushroom canopy, the operation or work standard of stone sowing is: laying nutrient base material thickness is 20 centimetres of 16 ∽, press standard recipe specified standard described in the weigh batching step again, sow bacterial classification (kernel culture) according to the mushroom bed surface with amassing quantitative and even, get final product with the newspaper covering
(5) cover fine earth: the operation or work standard that covers fine earth is: sowed bacterial classification (kernel culture) back 7 ∽ 12 days, throw off the covering newspaper, take fine earth more on the spot and evenly cover, covering the thick of fine earth layer is 6 centimetres of 4 ∽, can supply with and keep the required nutriment of agaricus bisporus normal growth
(6) pluck mushroom: treat can pluck behind the fruiting on the mushroom bed production operation of agaricus bisporus, the Dual Mushroom mushroom meets the requirement as following table three nuisanceless standards:
Table three: the nuisanceless standard of Dual Mushroom mushroom (mg/kg)
Arsenic (As) ????≤0.5
Mercury (Hg) ????≤0.1
Plumbous (Pb) ????≤1
Cadmium (Cd) ????≤0.5
Sulphite (SO 2) ????≤50
Hexachlorcyclohexane (BHC) ????≤0.1
Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) ????≤0.1
Carbendazim (Carbenda2im) ????≤0.5
Dichlorvos (dichlorlos) ????≤0.5
(7) waste material field also: (generally 1 year the Gregorian calendar late June) dismountable frame when needing rice cultivation in 1 year, residue nutrient base material behind the plantation agaricus bisporus is carried out also field processing on the spot as fertilizer, but the fertility of supplementing water paddy soil, can improve the soil quality of paddy field effectively, help the growth of the paddy rice second season.
The present invention proposes a kind of by the agricultural standardization principle, in having gathered in the paddy field of paddy rice, carry out the technology of " mushroom-paddy rice " continuous cropping pattern plantation agaricus bisporus, its main feature is: be by standardized work pattern plantation agaricus bisporus when " mushroom-paddy rice " continuous cropping, adopt material-taking on-site, material-piling on-site, shelf-making on-site, plant mushroom on the spot and the remaining material of the medium after the cultivated mushroom is carried out on the spot the also technical measures of field supplementary fertilizer, has labor and material saving, it is convenient to save time, can reduce kind of the remarkable advantage of mushroom production cost greatly, in the whole process of production of continuous cropping cultivated mushroom, do not use any agricultural chemicals, water paddy soil and surrounding enviroment non agricultural chemical residuum are polluted, mushroom products non agricultural chemical residuum pollutant, distinguishing feature with nuisanceless green agricultural, the technical scheme that proposes by the present invention also is applicable to and i.e. " mushroom-dish-rice " continuous cropping of vegetables interplanting and the ripe continuous cropping in a year three of " mushroom-dish-autumn vegetable " continuous cropping and the various modes of rice field-upland field rotation, can raise the multiple-cropping index, the effect that increases economic well-being of workers and staff is remarkable, culture base-material after the cultivated mushroom is gone back the field supplementary fertilizer, can improve paddy soil, improve field clay fertilizer power, help paddy growth.Effectively prevented simultaneously the generation of mushroom damage by disease and insect.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention " mushroom-rice " continuous cropping plantation agaricus bisporus;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of 1 year three boiled water drought ring do of the present invention's " mushroom-dish-rice " plantation agaricus bisporus.
Embodiment:
The technology that the present invention proposes at the nuisanceless standardization plantation of paddy field agaricus bisporus, it is undertaken by following step successively:
(1) weigh batching: the standard proportioning (by weight) of each raw material is:
Standard recipe (being example for long-pending 111 square metres) by broadcasting standard mushroom bed surface only:
100 bottles of bacterial classifications (kernel culture) (every bottle of normal capacity 700ml),
2000 kilograms of straw (air-dry),
Special-purpose fertile 100 kilograms of mushroom,
10 kilograms in urea,
100 kilograms of oil cakes,
50 kilograms in lime,
700 kilograms of manure of livestock and poultry (air-dry),
The straw standard: dry nothing is gone rotten, and meets " the nuisanceless standard of nutrient base material ",
(2) select the field windrow:
Choose after testing the paddy field of the intact paddy rice of harvesting that meets " the nuisanceless standard of soil and water quality ", soil acidity or alkalinity (pH value) is 7.2, purple soil, a rice field of having gathered in paddy rice of the moderate grade of fertility, as the place (make and broadcast long-pending 111 square metres of standard mushroom bed surface only) of plantation agaricus bisporus, the operation or work standard that material-piling on-site is macerated system is as follows on the spot:
August 25 (all by the Gregorian calendar): select for use the straw that dries to add water on the spot and prewetted 1 day,
August 26: standard proportioning in accordance with regulations takes by weighing various fertilizer materials and puddles and evenly build heap on the spot, the windrow system of macerating 6 days,
September 2: carry out the turning first time, cover with film and continued to macerate system 7 days,
September 9: carry out the turning second time, cover with film again and continued to macerate system 5 days,
September 14: carry out turning for the third time, adopted the half coverage mode system of macerating again 4 days,
September 18: carry out the 4th turning, take off film and on heap, bore and got through the pore ventilation system of macerating 3 days,
Promptly macerated to September 21 and to make the nutrient base material that the growing availability agaricus bisporus is used,
(3) scaffolding overlay film: in selected paddy field, built frame with the bamboo material September 10 on the spot, 6 meters of frame bottom width, long 15 meters of frame, the frame floor space is 180 square metres, frame covers the mushroom canopy that promptly builds up the growing availability agaricus bisporus with black plastic film,
(4) stone sowing: September 21, to macerate the nutrient base material of making lays in the mushroom canopy and is made into that to broadcast area only be 111 square metres mushroom bed, nutrient base material thickness is 20 centimetres, on the mushroom bed equably with after sowing 100 bottles of bacterial classifications (kernel culture) (every bottle of normal capacity 700ml), get final product with the newspaper covering
(5) cover fine earth: September 30, throw off the covering newspaper, take fine earth more on the spot and evenly cover, covering the thick of fine earth layer is 5 centimetres, can supply with and keep the required nutriment of agaricus bisporus normal growth,
(6) pluck mushroom: promptly began to carry out the production operation of plucking agaricus bisporus for the first time October 15, until second year February 21 end of day adopt mushroom, repeat repeatedly to pluck the production operation of agaricus bisporus,
Also can interplant vegetables (cucumber variety) operation in the meantime:
December 20: carry out cucumber and nurse young plants in hothouses,
January 5 next year: cucumber seedling is advanced the mushroom canopy transplant,
February 10: throw off black film, cover tunica albuginea, carry out normal cucumber seedling field management,
April 20: throw off tunica albuginea,
June 20: finish to pluck cucumber,
(7) waste material field also: removed frame June 21, to remain nutrient base material and carry out on the spot also the field as fertilizer and handle, but the fertility of supplementing water paddy soil can improve the soil quality of paddy field effectively, help the growth of the paddy rice second season, in June 22 whole field can supply rice cultivation.

Claims (5)

1. the technology of the nuisanceless standardization plantation of paddy field agaricus bisporus is characterized in that it is undertaken by following step successively:
(1) weigh batching: raw material (by weight) proportioning (by broadcasting long-pending 111 square metres of standard mushroom bed surface only) is:
100 bottles of bacterial classifications (every bottle of normal capacity 700ml),
2000 kilograms of straw (air-dry) 1500 ∽,
110 kilograms of special-purpose fertile 100 ∽ of mushroom,
15 kilograms of urea 8 ∽,
100 kilograms of oil cake 50 ∽,
50 kilograms of lime 40 ∽,
1000 kilograms of manure of livestock and poultry (air-dry) 500 ∽,
(2) select the field windrow:
By the raw material proportioning of stipulating in the weigh batching step take by weighing material mixing evenly in selecting fixed paddy field material-piling on-site macerate system, make the nutrient base material that the growing availability agaricus bisporus is used,
(3) scaffolding overlay film: build frame in selecting fixed paddy field on the spot, frame covers with film and builds up the mushroom canopy that the growing availability agaricus bisporus is used,
(4) stone sowing: will select windrow in the windrow step of field and macerate the nutrient base material of system be laid to the mushroom bed in the mushroom canopy, the proportioning of press defined in the weigh batching step is evenly sowed bacterial classification on the mushroom bed, and with the newspaper covering,
(5) cover fine earth: sow bacterial classification 7 ∽ after 12 days, throw off the covering newspaper, take fine earth on the spot and evenly cover,
(6) pluck mushroom: treat can pluck behind the fruiting on the mushroom bed production operation of agaricus bisporus,
(7) waste material field also: when needing rice cultivation, will remain nutrient base material and carry out on the spot and the field.
2. the technology of the nuisanceless standardization plantation of paddy field according to claim 1 agaricus bisporus is characterized in that:
Raw material (by weight) proportioning (by broadcasting long-pending 111 square metres of standard mushroom bed surface only) is:
100 bottles of bacterial classifications (every bottle of normal capacity 700ml),
2000 kilograms of straw (air-dry) 1500 ∽,
15 kilograms of urea 10 ∽,
50 kilograms of composite fertilizer 25 ∽,
50 kilograms of superphosphate 40 ∽,
50 kilograms of gypsum 40 ∽,
50 kilograms of lime 40 ∽,
100 kilograms of oil cake 50 ∽,
1000 kilograms of manure of livestock and poultry (air-dry) 500 ∽.
3. the technology of the nuisanceless standardization plantation of paddy field according to claim 1 agaricus bisporus is characterized in that: the sport technique segment in each step of paddy field plantation Dual Mushroom mushroom all adopts agriculture nuisanceless control technology and standardization control technology to plant operation.
4. the technology of the nuisanceless standardization plantation of paddy field according to claim 1 agaricus bisporus, it is characterized in that: plantation Dual Mushroom mushroom is the straw that utilizes behind the paddy rice harvesting in paddy field, by get material, material-piling on-site, shelf-making on-site with regard to the field, with regard to the field covering of fetching earth, the nutrient base material defective material with regard to the field also the field technology mode of making the convenient purification simple to operation of organic manure plant operation.
5. the technology of the nuisanceless standardization of paddy field according to claim 1 plantation agaricus bisporus is characterized in that: plantation Dual Mushroom mushroom is to plant by planting the technology mode that the 1 year three boiled water drought ring of planting vegetables (being mushroom // dish-dish) after paddy rice (being mushroom // dish-rice) or mushroom canopy interplanting vegetables, the vegetables results again does after mushroom canopy interplanting vegetables, the vegetables results again in paddy field.
CN 200410040554 2004-08-30 2004-08-30 Standard technology of cultivating bisporus mushroom in paddy rice field without nuisancel Pending CN1596584A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103704021A (en) * 2013-12-23 2014-04-09 杭州市农业科学研究院 Planting method for crop rotation of edible fungi and rice
CN103875453A (en) * 2014-03-27 2014-06-25 中国科学院微生物研究所 Tibet hazel agaricus bisporus strains and cultivation method of fruit bodies of Tibet hazel agaricus bisporus strains
CN103875452A (en) * 2014-03-27 2014-06-25 中国科学院微生物研究所 Tibet light brown agaricus bisporus strains and cultivation method of fruit bodies of Tibet light brown agaricus bisporus strains
CN103875450A (en) * 2014-03-24 2014-06-25 莫超婵 Method for producing mushrooms through straw stack materials
CN110178668A (en) * 2019-05-09 2019-08-30 邓述东 A kind of method of five colours rice and wild mushroom circulation plantation

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103704021A (en) * 2013-12-23 2014-04-09 杭州市农业科学研究院 Planting method for crop rotation of edible fungi and rice
CN103875450A (en) * 2014-03-24 2014-06-25 莫超婵 Method for producing mushrooms through straw stack materials
CN103875453A (en) * 2014-03-27 2014-06-25 中国科学院微生物研究所 Tibet hazel agaricus bisporus strains and cultivation method of fruit bodies of Tibet hazel agaricus bisporus strains
CN103875452A (en) * 2014-03-27 2014-06-25 中国科学院微生物研究所 Tibet light brown agaricus bisporus strains and cultivation method of fruit bodies of Tibet light brown agaricus bisporus strains
CN103875452B (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-08-12 中国科学院微生物研究所 Tibet light brown Twospore Mushroom bacterial strain and sporocarp culture method thereof
CN103875453B (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-08-12 中国科学院微生物研究所 The filbert Twospore Mushroom bacterial strain in Tibet and sporocarp culture method thereof
CN110178668A (en) * 2019-05-09 2019-08-30 邓述东 A kind of method of five colours rice and wild mushroom circulation plantation

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