CN1557977A - Method of handling spent catalyst - Google Patents
Method of handling spent catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN1557977A CN1557977A CNA2004100210932A CN200410021093A CN1557977A CN 1557977 A CN1557977 A CN 1557977A CN A2004100210932 A CNA2004100210932 A CN A2004100210932A CN 200410021093 A CN200410021093 A CN 200410021093A CN 1557977 A CN1557977 A CN 1557977A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of environment protection and resource utilization ,and is especially waste catalyst processing method. The waste catalyst processing process includes pre-treatment; dry distillation at temperature 400-800 deg.c for 1-2.5 hr to obtain dewatered, deoiled and desulfurized water catalyst white recovering dried gas; mixing waste catalyst with flux, trapping agent and reductant to obtain mixed material; high temperature smelting at 1500-1900 deg.c to convert into melt and smelted tail gas and treated for reuse. The present invention is one environment protecting process producing no secondary pollutant while recovering the components in waste catalyst, has metal recovering rate as high as 93 % and full utilization of waste catalyst resource.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to environment protection and resource and reclaim the comprehensive utilization field, especially spent catalyst is carried out harmless treatment, the method for refiltered oil, metal alloy, high temperature furnace slag and sulphur.
(2) background technology
The kind of spent catalyst is a lot, the spent catalyst that the present invention handles comprises spent catalyst and the ammonia synthesizing industry depleted desulfurization catalyst that technological processs such as various hydrogenating desulfurizations in Chemical Manufacture and the refining of petroleum, hydrodenitrification, hydrogenation removing heavy-metal, hydrofining, hydrocracking, hydrogenation aromatics-removing, selective hydrogenation cracking, catalytic reforming produce, be molybdenum-cobalt-alumina system, molybdenum-nickel-alumina system, molybdenum-cobalt-nickel-alumina System Catalyst deposits heavy metal and carbon such as vanadium, nickel, iron on the spent catalyst.Sedimentary vanadium, nickel, iron etc. and original cobalt, molybdenum, nickel isoreactivity center all are present in the spent catalyst with the form of sulfide on the spent catalyst.These spent catalyst have inflammableness and toxicity, belong to the Hazardous wastes in " national Hazardous wastes register ".
At present the various treatment processs of spent catalyst are normally: 1. burn, and 2. abrasive dust, 3. oxidizing roasting, 4. alkalescence leaches and reclaims molybdenum, vanadium, and 5. acid the leaching reclaimed cobalt, nickel, 6. waste sludge discharge.Ubiquity following some problem: valuable metals such as vanadium, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel reclaim not exclusively, have in addition just reclaim wherein a kind of or two kinds of valuable metals, the rate of recovery is lower, the rate of recovery has only 70-80% usually; Spent catalyst is adsorbed with the oil of 5-15%, when burning disposal, rusting is fallen, and has both wasted valuable resource, has produced pollutant atmospheres such as black smoke, sulfur dioxide gas again; Sulphur in the spent catalyst has fallen as refuse is processed, and burn and the oxidizing roasting process in, the sulphur in simple substance sulphur and the metallic sulfide is all oxidized, changes sulfurous gas into and pollutant atmosphere causes secondary pollution; Aluminum oxide waste residue after the processing, suitable with the spent catalyst before handling, all do not having significantly to reduce on the weight and on the volume, and heavy metallic salts such as the aluminum oxide waste residue contains 40% moisture content of having an appointment, the cobalt that do not have to leach, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, have toxicity, still belong to Hazardous wastes, normally store up for a long time, perhaps be used as common rubbish and directly discharge, all may cause serious secondary pollution.As fully visible, treatment process and technology are not carried out harmless treatment to spent catalyst at present, and metal recovery rate is low and secondary environmental pollution is serious, and needs be improved and be perfect.
(3) summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of spent catalyst treatment process, spent catalyst is carried out harmless treatment and resource recovery comprehensive utilization, efficient recovery empyreumatic oil, sulphur, metal (vanadium, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel) alloy and aluminum oxide slag from the depleted catalyzer, metal recovery rate height, the utilization of resources fully, do not produce secondary pollution.
The technical scheme that the present invention is adopted for achieving the above object is to handle by following technology:
1, pre-treatment: spent catalyst A delivered on the sieve apparatus sieves, the inert ceramic balls that is mixed in the spent catalyst is sifted out, spent catalyst B (preferably less than 20 * 20mm).
2, destructive distillation: spent catalyst B is delivered in the distillation apparatus, and temperature 400-800 ℃ of continuous carbonization handled the spent catalyst C after the de-oiling desulfurization of must dewatering (500 ℃ of loss of weight amounts are less than 2%) 1-2.5 hour; The carbonizing gas that continuous carbonization produces is through dedusting, with the spent catalyst Powder Recovery of wherein carrying secretly, returning distillation apparatus handles again, carbonizing gas after the dedusting is by wherein high boiling point oil, water vapour and sulphur mixture cooling recovery of heat exchange, and mixture gets crude product oil, sulphur and oily(waste)water through oily water separation; Carbonizing gas after the heat exchange becomes clean flammable low-boiling point gas after filtering, pumps in the gas-holder after the compression to store.
3, batching: C sends into dosing device with spent catalyst, again in spent catalyst: fusing assistant: trapping agent: reductive agent weight part ratio 15～25: 2～5: 1: 1 ratio adds solubility promoter, trapping agent and reductive agent, mix compound, wherein fusing assistant is that CaO or SiO or CaO and SiO mixture, trapping agent are Fe
3O
4Or iron filings or Fe
3O
4And iron pieces mixture, reductive agent is coke or hard coal.
4, high melt: compound is joined in the closed smelting furnace, fusion and decomposition under 1500-1900 ℃ of high temperature, change molten mass and melting tail gas into, molten mass is discharged back cooling natural separation and is gone out high temperature furnace slag and metal alloy, high temperature furnace slag can be used as the utilization of material of construction raw materials for production, and metal alloy is sold and utilized; The dust that melting tail gas will wherein be carried secretly by dedusting reclaims, dust returns the closed smelting furnace and handles, tail gas after the dedusting enters spray washing device and desulfurizer, under alkaline wash water (concentration 1-5%NaOH solution) effect, to melting tail gas lower the temperature, dedusting, desulfurization handle, washing lotion is through collecting after-filtration, and filtrate is reused, and filter residue returns the distillation apparatus re-treatment; Gas changes clean inflammable gas after filtering into, pumps in the gas-holder after the compression to store; Inflammable gas in the gas-holder, for continuous carbonization equipment provides thermal source, combustion tail gas discharges through discharge outlet.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, the environmental protection concept with harmless treatment is incorporated into the spent catalyst process field, in each process and link of handling spent catalyst, takes process for cleanly preparing, does not produce secondary pollutant; Simultaneously, various compositions and material in the spent catalyst are reclaimed, make it resource utilization, maximally utilise this precious resources of spent catalyst.
2, residual organic matter in the spent catalyst is recycled, handled by destructive distillation, the high boiling point carbonizing gas reclaims with the form of empyreumatic oil; The melting tail gas that lower boiling carbonizing gas and melting produce after purifying treatment, changes clear energy sources into, is stored in the gas-holder, recycles as continuous carbonization equipment thermal source.
3, sulphur in the spent catalyst is reclaimed.Residual sulfur is handled by destructive distillation in the spent catalyst, makes it distillation and reclaims, and the sulphur in the metallic sulfide reclaims (carbon black that also has high melt to produce that reclaims together with sulphur) after changing sulphur into by melting.
4, valuable metal in the spent catalyst (cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium etc.) is reclaimed.Valuable metal all exists with the form of sulfide in the spent catalyst, and by high melt, metallic sulfide changes metal and sulphur into, and the mutual fusion of these metals forms alloy, reaches the purpose that reclaims valuable metal by reclaiming alloy, and the rate of recovery reaches more than 93%.
5, used catalyst support is reclaimed, carrier accounts for spent catalyst weight more than 50%, and by the high-temperature fusion reaction, support of the catalyst changes nontoxic high temperature furnace slag into, can be used as common material of construction and raw materials for production utilization, effectively save and utilize resource to avoid secondary pollution again.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1: traditional spent catalyst process flow figure.
Fig. 2: spent catalyst process flow figure of the present invention.
(5) embodiment
Describe spent catalyst treatment process of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 2.
Embodiment 1
By following processing method the spent catalyst of refining of petroleum is handled:
1, pre-treatment: spent catalyst A is delivered to screening on the sieve apparatus 01, the inert ceramic balls H that is mixed in the spent catalyst is sifted out, obtain the spent catalyst B of particle less than 20 * 20mm.
2, destructive distillation: spent catalyst B is delivered in the lifting hopper, promote by promoting hopper, spent catalyst B is delivered in the distillation apparatus hopper 02, be re-supplied in the dry distiller 03, keep in the dry distiller 03 temperature 500-600 ℃, spent catalyst B continuous carbonization was handled 2 hours, change the spent catalyst C after the dehydration de-oiling desulfurization into, be transported in the distillation apparatus discharge bucket, spent catalyst C taken out by discharger; The carbonizing gas J that continuous carbonization produces, enter cleaning apparatus 08, by cleaning apparatus 08 the spent catalyst powder I that carbonizing gas J carries secretly is reclaimed, spent catalyst powder I returns feed hopper 02 and handles, carbonizing gas K after the dedusting enters heat-exchanger rig 09, by heat exchange with mixture M (high boiling point oil among the carbonizing gas K, water vapour and sulphur) cool back and take down, mixture M enters in the oily-water seperating equipment 11, obtain crude product oil O through separation, sulphur P and oily(waste)water G, carbonizing gas L temperature after the heat exchange has dropped to room temperature, by becoming clean flammable low-boiling point gas N after active carbon filtering device 10 filtrations, gas N pumps in the gas-holder 19 through gas compression device 18 and stores.
3, batching: spent catalyst C is sent into dosing device 04, add fusing assistant AA, trapping agent BB and reductive agent CC according to processing requirement in dosing device 04, fusing assistant is that CaO, trapping agent are Fe
3O
4, reductive agent is a coke, the compound D that mixes.
4, high melt: compound D is sent into closed plasma melting stove feed hopper 05, the control input speed, compound D is joined in the plasma melting stove 06 continuously, under electric energy DD effect, compound D is fusion and decomposition under 1800-1900 ℃ of high temperature, changes molten mass E and melting tail gas T into.Molten mass E emits by drain hole, enters melt heat recovering device 07, after heat exchange, molten mass E is divided into two, and the upper strata is high temperature furnace slag F, and lower floor is metal alloy G, high temperature furnace slag F can be used as the raw materials for production utilization of material of construction after fragmentation, metal alloy G sells after fragmentation.The melting tail gas T that the plasma melting stove produces at first enters cleaning apparatus 12, and the dust EE that melting tail gas T is carried secretly reclaims, and dust EE returns plasma melting stove feed hopper 05 and handles.Gas U after the dedusting enters spray woods washing device 13 and desulfurizer 14, under concentration 3%NaOH basic solution XX effect, to gas U lower the temperature, dedusting, desulfurization handle, alkaline rinse X, Y filter by filtration unit 16 after collecting, filtrate XX returns repeated use, and filter residue Z returns 02 re-treatment of continuous carbonization equipment feed hopper.Gas W changes clean inflammable gas R into after active carbon filtering device 15 filters, gas R pumps in the gas-holder 19 through gas compression device 17 and stores.Inflammable gas in the gas-holder 19 provides thermal source through spark arrester 20 and burner 21 for continuous carbonization equipment, and combustion tail gas YY is through discharge outlet 22 dischargings.
Embodiment 2
According to embodiment 1 described method petroleum industry hydrofining depleted catalyzer is handled:
1, pre-treatment: the inert ceramic balls that will be mixed in the spent catalyst sifts out, and obtains the spent catalyst B less than 20 * 20mm.
2, destructive distillation: spent catalyst B is delivered in the distillation apparatus, and 550 ℃ of continuous carbonizations of temperature were handled 1.5 hours, and 500 ℃ of loss of weight amounts are less than 2% spent catalyst C after the de-oiling desulfurization of must dewatering; The carbonizing gas that continuous carbonization produces, with the spent catalyst Powder Recovery of wherein carrying secretly, returning distillation apparatus handles again, carbonizing gas after the dedusting is by wherein high boiling point oil, water vapour and sulphur mixture cooling recovery of heat exchange, and mixture gets crude product oil, sulphur and oily(waste)water through oily water separation; Carbonizing gas after the heat exchange becomes clean flammable low-boiling point gas after filtering, pumps in the gas-holder after the compression to store;
3, batching: C sends into dosing device with spent catalyst, press spent catalyst again: fusing assistant: trapping agent: reductive agent weight part ratio 22: 3: 1: 1 adding fusing assistant SiO, trapping agent iron filings and reductive agent hard coal, mix compound;
4, high melt: compound is joined in the closed plasma melting stove continuously, fusion and decomposition under 1850-1900 ℃ of high temperature, change molten mass and melting tail gas into, molten mass is discharged the back and is isolated high temperature furnace slag and metal alloy by heat exchange, high temperature furnace slag can be used as the material of construction utilization after fragmentation, metal alloy is sold; The dust that melting tail gas will wherein be carried secretly by dedusting reclaims, dust returns closed plasma melting stove and handles, gas after the dedusting enters spray washing device and desulfurizer, under concentration 4%NaOH solution effects, to gas lower the temperature, dedusting, desulfurization handle, washing lotion is through collecting after-filtration, and filtrate is reused, and filter residue returns the distillation apparatus re-treatment; Melting tail gas changes clean inflammable gas after filtering into, pumps in the gas-holder after the compression to store; Inflammable gas in the gas-holder, for continuous carbonization equipment provides thermal source, combustion tail gas discharges through discharge outlet.
The spent catalyst that process object of the present invention is mentioned in literary composition, other depleted with aluminum oxide, silicon oxide be carrier metal catalyst, mine tailing, contain the heavy metal industrial residue, electroplate waste residue etc. and all be applicable to this treatment process.
The closed smelting furnace, except using plasma produces the high-temperature field, the also optional mode that changes heat energy with electric arc, microwave, electron beam etc. with electric energy into.
Claims (3)
1, spent catalyst treatment process is characterized in that: handle by following technology:
(1), pre-treatment: spent catalyst A delivered on the sieve apparatus sieves, the inert ceramic balls that is mixed in the spent catalyst is sifted out, spent catalyst B;
(2), destructive distillation: spent catalyst B is delivered in the distillation apparatus, and 400～800 ℃ of continuous carbonizations of temperature were handled the spent catalyst C after the de-oiling desulfurization of must dewatering 1～2.5 hour; The carbonizing gas that continuous carbonization produces, with the spent catalyst Powder Recovery of wherein carrying secretly, returning distillation apparatus handles again, carbonizing gas after the dedusting is by wherein high boiling point oil, water vapour and sulphur mixture cooling recovery of heat exchange, and mixture gets crude product oil, sulphur and oily(waste)water through oily water separation; Carbonizing gas after the heat exchange becomes clean flammable low-boiling point gas after filtering, pumps in the gas-holder after the compression to store;
(3), the batching: C sends into dosing device with spent catalyst, press spent catalyst again: fusing assistant: trapping agent: reductive agent weight part ratio 15～25: 2～5: 1: 1 the adding fusing assistant, trapping agent and reductive agent, mix compound;
(4), high melt: compound is joined in the closed smelting furnace, and fusion and decomposition under 1500-1900 ℃ of high temperature changes molten mass and melting tail gas into, and the natural separation of lowering the temperature after molten mass is discharged goes out high temperature furnace slag and metal alloy is sold utilization again; The dust that melting tail gas will wherein be carried secretly through dedusting reclaims, dust returns the closed smelting furnace and handles, gas after the dedusting enters spray washing device and desulfurizer, under alkaline wash water effect, to gas lower the temperature, dedusting, desulfurization handle, washing lotion is through collecting after-filtration, and filtrate is reused, and filter residue returns distillation apparatus and handles; Gas changes clean inflammable gas after filtering into, pumps in the gas-holder after the compression to store; Inflammable gas in the gas-holder, for continuous carbonization equipment provides thermal source, combustion tail gas discharges through discharge outlet.
2, spent catalyst treatment process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: handle by following technology:
(1), pre-treatment: screening obtains the spent catalyst B of particle less than 20 * 20mm;
(2), destructive distillation: pyrolysis temperature 500-600 ℃ of continuous carbonization handled 2 hours, and 500 ℃ of loss of weight amounts are less than 2% spent catalyst C after the de-oiling desulfurization of must dewatering;
(3), batching: C sends into dosing device with spent catalyst, press spent catalyst again: fusing assistant: trapping agent: reductive agent weight part ratio 20: 2: 1: 1 adds fusing assistant, trapping agent and reductive agent, the compound that mixes, fusing assistant are that CaO or SiO or CaO and SiO mixture, trapping agent are Fe
3O
4Or iron filings or Fe
3O
4And iron pieces mixture, reductive agent is coke or hard coal;
(4), high melt: the closed smelting furnace is a closed plasma melting stove, and the fusion and decomposition temperature is 1800-1900 ℃, and alkaline wash water is a concentration 1-5%NaOH solution.
3, spent catalyst treatment process according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the closed smelting furnace is for to produce the closed smelting furnace of high-temperature field with electric arc, microwave, electron beam mode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100210932A CN1295360C (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2004-01-20 | Method of handling spent catalyst |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100210932A CN1295360C (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2004-01-20 | Method of handling spent catalyst |
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| CN1557977A true CN1557977A (en) | 2004-12-29 |
| CN1295360C CN1295360C (en) | 2007-01-17 |
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| CN101523022B (en) * | 2006-10-04 | 2012-01-11 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Tank for storing a reducing agent |
| CN102527448A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-07-04 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Catalyst de-oiling method and device |
| CN102965512A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-13 | 大连东泰产业废弃物处理有限公司 | Method capable of recovering cobalt from spent catalysts |
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| US5013533A (en) * | 1990-03-01 | 1991-05-07 | Howard Robert A | Process for recovering valuable metals from spent catalysts |
| US6117207A (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 2000-09-12 | Miserlis; Constantine | Process for recovering metals and other chemical components from spent catalysts |
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| CN107639097A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2018-01-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The innoxious method of FCC dead catalyst hot plasma processing |
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| CN115612859A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-01-17 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for trapping platinum group metal in waste catalyst by bismuth |
| CN115612859B (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-02-09 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for trapping platinum group metals in waste catalyst by bismuth |
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