CN1557007A

CN1557007A - Electromagnetic actuator

Info

Publication number: CN1557007A
Application number: CNA028186567A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 文凯・尚; 文凯·尚; 蒂安・罗伊贝尔; 克里斯蒂安·罗伊贝尔
Original assignee: ABB Patent GmbH
Current assignee: ABB Patent GmbH
Priority date: 2001-09-24
Filing date: 2002-09-10
Publication date: 2004-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2022-09-10
Also published as: CN1285085C; DE10146899A1; WO2003030188A1; EP1430490B1; EP1430490A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a bistable electromagnetic actuator, in particular a drive for a vacuum interrupter chamber, comprising a yoke, at least one permanent magnet, at least one coil and at least one displaceable armature. A first magnetic flux is generated by the armature and the yoke in such a way that the armature is held in one position and the coil generates a second magnetic flux that actuates the armature. The permanent magnet is located between the yoke and a fixed magnetic return element, in such a way that the magnetic fluxes run via the magnetic return element. In addition, the armature outside the yoke at least partially covers a front face of the yoke, said face running perpendicularly to the direction of displacement of the armature.

Description

Electromagnetic actuators

The present invention relates to a kind of as claim 1 electromagnetic actuators as described in the preamble, in particular for the electromagnetic actuator device of switching device.

By WO 95/07542 known this electromagnetic actuator device.Fig. 1 illustrates this known electromagnetic actuator device 10 from principle, it have one around yoke 11, this yoke has two vertical fishplate bars 12 that extend in parallel and 13 and each horizontal fishplate bar 14 and 15.Roughly have opposed

pole shoe

16 and 17, stationary

permanent magnet

18 and 19 on pole shoe in the centre of vertical fishplate bar 12 and 13.An armature 20 is arranged between

permanent magnet

18 and 19, settle on armature or the fixing connecting rod of being made by

non-magnetic material

21 and 22, they pass the perforate 23 and 24 on

horizontal fishplate bar

14 and 15 respectively.In

pole shoe

16 and 17 or

permanent magnet

18 and 19 and laterally have a

coil

25,26 respectively between the fishplate bar 14 or 15.According to the excitation situation of

coil

25 or 26, armature 20 can move in the position shown in Figure 1, and the air gap 27 that wherein is of a size of d is minimum on this position.When coil 25 was energized, armature drove on direction of arrow P, leaned on the inner surface of horizontal fishplate bar 14 up to its end face in the face of horizontal fishplate bar 14.

Constitute in this way one be used for switching device, in particular for the good bistable electro magnetic drive unit of the function of vacuum circuit-breaker.In another patent application (German patent application 19,709 089.3), considered this has been taken measures, in order in yoke 11 and in armature 20, all to avoid eddy current.

In a kind of structural design, only is furnished with connecting rod 21; Do not need to be used for the connecting rod 22 of vacuum chamber electromagnetic actuator device, and at most just be used to guide armature 20.

Active force-inhale moving horizontal fishplate bar down or go up horizontal fishplate bar-depend on acting surface by this active force armature 20.

The objective of the invention is, further improve the electromagnetic actuators of above-mentioned form.

Be achieved according to the feature of this purpose of the present invention by claim 1.

Described active force improves-passes through this active force equally significantly by adding large effective area, and this or these armature is inhaled moving by yoke.

Provide the layout that how can increase area in the dependent claims.

Present description is based upon in the design of a kind of bistable structure, and it has two armature, on two end faces of yoke each one.In another kind of structural design, a monostable actuator only has an armature.Same coil not only is used for connecting, and is used for disconnecting when current reversal.When drive unit was disconnected, it remained on open position by a spring.

Describe the present invention and other favourable structural design and improvement of the present invention in detail below by the several embodiments of the present invention in the accompanying drawings.In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 2 and 3 illustrates the different structure designs of electromagnetic actuator device,

Fig. 4 illustrates according to the drive unit of prior art with according to the active force curve chart of drive unit of the present invention,

Fig. 5 to 9 illustrates other form of implementation of the present invention, has two armature,

Figure 10 to 20 represents to have the electromagnetic actuator device of an armature respectively,

Figure 21 is the electromagnetic actuator device of the present invention according to first form of implementation, and it has the armature of the rectangular configuration of two Fig. 9,

Figure 22 is the stereogram of cylindrical structural among Fig. 9,

Figure 23 is the form of implementation with electromagnetic actuator device of two coils and different armature,

Figure 24 is used for the drive unit of vacuum break-make chamber for according to the electromagnetic actuator device with an armature of the present invention.

Please refer to Fig. 2 now.

One has the

yoke parts

31 and 32 of two longitudinal extensions according to drive unit 30 of the present invention, and they are orientated in parallel to each other.Roughly have

pole shoe

33 and 34 in the centre of two

yoke parts

31 and 32, they dispose as opposed facing projection; Stationary

permanent magnet

35 and 36 on the inner surface of pole shoe 33 and 34.A grounded parts 37 of being made by the magnetic material is attached troops to a unit in two

yoke parts

31 and 32 to the grounded parts fixed-site between permanent magnet 35 and 36.Grounded parts 37 has a centre bore 38, and this centre bore is parallel to

yoke parts

31 and 32 and extends and also be parallel to grounded parts and extend and be positioned at grounded parts 37 centers.A connecting rod 39 of being made by non-magnetic material passes this centre bore 38, fixed

armature

40 and 41 on connecting rod.Described

armature

40 and 41 hides

adjacent yoke parts

31 and 32 end face.

Retraction portion

44 and 45 originates in end face 42 and 43, carries out the transition to step pole shoe 33 and 34.The

space

46 and 47 that forms between grounded parts 37 and

retraction portion

44 or 45 is used to hold each

coil

48 and 49.

Fig. 2 illustrates electromagnetic actuator device, and wherein armature 41 leans the end face 43a and the 43b of

yoke parts

31 and 32.

In the version of Fig. 1, only armature 20 and down horizontal fishplate bar or on laterally form air gap between the

fishplate bar

15,14, and in this form of implementation, between grounded parts 37 and armature 41, obtain an air gap 50, and between

end face

43b or 43a and armature 41, respectively obtain an air gap 51 and 52.Obtain the moving face of suction of an amplification and the magnetic armature of amplification thus in position shown in Figure 2 and inhale power.Thereby when coil 48 work, armature 40 is moving to the end face 42a and the 42b suction of yoke, and also obtains three air gaps (not having label symbol) there: the air gap between armature 40 and

end face

42a and 42b, and the air gap between armature 40 and the grounded parts 37.Make holding force amplify a coefficient thus, this coefficient equals (area of the area+air gap 52 of the area+air gap 51 of air gap 50), and divided by the area of air gap 50, maximum can reach 100%.Two armature 40, and moves with identical speed because itself and being connected of connecting rod 39 together with 41, and mutual so adaptive, that is, distance between the corresponding end-faces on

armature

40,41 and yoke and the grounded parts is distinguished on two positions alternately equated.

Certainly, on request, armature 41 and

yoke parts

31 and 32 and grounded parts 37 between distance can be different from armature 40 and

yoke parts

31 and 32 and grounded parts 37 between distance.

When corresponding to the

air gap

51,50 of

armature

41 and 52 at pull-up position less than corresponding to the air gap of armature 40 time, then inhale holding force when moving greater than armature 40 at the holding force of this pull-up position.If different with open position at on-position by the desired active force of use occasion, a kind of like this relation just may be essential.

Fig. 3 illustrates another structural design of the present invention.Drive unit 55 has two

yoke parts

56 and 57, and they also have

other retraction portion

58 and 59 except retraction portion 44 and 45 (will use identical label symbol at this, with the expression correlation) is outer, hold

armature

40 and 41 in their the insides; Also we can say to be furnished with axially extended

arm

60,61 and 62,63 on

yoke parts

56 and 57, they hide

armature

40 and 41 on the whole shift motion of armature.Except

air gap

51 and 52, also form the

air gap

64 or 65 between armature 41 outer surfaces and

arm

62 and 63 thus; Correspondingly, also between armature 40 and

arm

60 and 61, form air gap 66 and 67.Thus, between armature 40 and

yoke parts

56 and 57, have more greatly apart from the time increase active force, wherein can and require to change apart from d according to purpose.

Fig. 4 illustrates the curve chart of inhaling power F and armature shift motion W.Active force-the stroke curve of full curve L1 presentation graphs 1 structural design.F ₁Expression armature is at the suction power of the described position of Fig. 1 and F ₂Be illustrated in the suction power of another location.

Active force-the stroke curve of dotted line L2 presentation graphs 2 structural designs.As can be seen, inhaling the moving measured directed force F of state ₂Approximately double directed force F ₁It intersects L1 and L2, this owing to, inhale power certain apart from the suction power of lining less than Fig. 1 version.The 3rd the curve L3 that is positioned at curve L2 top is positioned at positive region and negative region; Inhale power F ₃Substantially equal F ₂, and being that with the difference of curve L2 inhaling power is not the decline of such steeply inclined ground, this brings the advantage that itself has than large working capability.As can be seen, two

gaps

64 and 65 or 66 and 67 help to improve active force-stroke curve.

Drive unit 70 (see figure 5)s are different from drive unit shown in Figure 3 on its structure.At this, two

yoke parts

31 and 32 are enclosed button by a

C body

71,72 respectively two ends, and wherein opposed facing

armature

71 and 72 free end and the affiliated outer surface of two

yoke parts

31,32

form air gap

77,78 and 79,80 respectively.

For drive unit shown in Figure 6 81 structural designs, under the identical situation of other structure, U-shaped

armature

82 and 83 have just been disposed, wherein

side leg

84,85,86 and 87 can concur with

yoke parts

31 and 32 by its integral body, thus, compare with structure shown in Figure 5, can realize further influence to inhaling power where necessary.

Fig. 7 illustrates a modification of Fig. 3 structure.

This drive unit 90 has two U-shaped armature 91 and 92, and they act on retraction portion 93 or 94 and 95 or 96 back by arm 97,98 or 99 or 100.

Fig. 8 illustrates a modification of structure shown in Figure 7.These yoke parts have retraction portion 101,102 and 103,104.Corresponding armature 105 and 106 constitutes on U-shaped ground basically by side leg 107,108 and 109,110, and described side leg is engaged in retraction portion 101,102 and 103,104.In addition, armature 105,106 has the convex shoulder 111,112,113 and 114 that protrudes from side leg 107,108 or 109,110, and they pass through the affiliated end face of yoke parts 115 and 116 at the air gap 117 and 118 that forms between armature 113 and the yoke parts 115,116 and between the corresponding end-faces of armature 111 and yoke parts 115,116 separately.

Fig. 9 illustrates another structural design of the present invention, has two armature.Drive unit represents and comprises two

yoke parts

121 and 122 on the whole with label symbol 120, they have the E shape, have

side leg

123 and 124 and 125 and 126 at its free end, and between it, medially respectively have a

muscle

127 and 128 as pole shoe.

Permanent magnet

129 and 130 is positioned on the inner surface of muscle 127 and 128.In the muscle both sides,

coil

131 and 132 are set between side leg 123 and muscle 127 or between 125 and 127 or between 124 and 128 or between 126 and 128.Grounded parts 133 with a centre bore 134 is between two permanent magnets, and a connecting rod 135 of being made by non-magnetic material passes this centre bore.The free end of connecting rod and T shape armature 136 are fixedlyed connected with 137; Vertically

fishplate bar

138 and 139 is engaged between

coil

131 and 132 at least partly, and wherein, in the position shown in Fig. 9, vertically the free end of fishplate bar 139 leans the adjacent face of grounded parts 133 and forms an air gap 140 thus there.Laterally

fishplate bar

141 and 142

forms air gap

143 and 144 with the outer surface of

side leg

125 and 126 or 145 and 146 respectively; In addition, at the free end of

side leg

125 or 126 and vertically have

air gap

147 and 148 or 149 and 150 between the fishplate bar 139 or between the free end of

side leg

123 and 124 and the vertical fishplate bar 138.

In above-mentioned drive unit, always have two armature, two coils.As described below, as another structural design, drive unit also can only use an armature and a coil.This monostable structure has and reduces material consumption, littler planform and the advantage of easier structure.But defective is to need to disconnect spring and additionally need holding force, disconnects spring maintenance stress so that can make at on-position, need be at two sense of current upper control line circles and the permanent magnet that needs requirements at the higher level when disconnecting aspect the degaussing.

Figure 10 relates to the monostable drive unit.At this, described drive unit 200 has two yoke parts 201 and 202 of U-shaped basically.The coil 205 of packing in space 203 that the U-shaped shape by two yoke parts 201 and 202 constitutes and 204 the insides; In addition, this drive unit 200 has a T shape armature, and it is corresponding to armature 136 and have label symbol 206 here.Form vertical fishplate bar 208 on a horizontal fishplate bar 207, it also partly is engaged in coil 205 between opposite side leg 209 and 210.Be connected permanent magnet 210 and 211 on downside leg 201 in the drawings and 202 the free end, and the coil ground of advancing by leaps and bounds, same part is furnished with a grounded parts 212 between these two permanent magnets.Therefore have a plurality of air gaps: one between the outer surface of horizontal fishplate bar 207 and side leg 209 and 210, one at the free end of side leg 209 and 210 with vertically between the fishplate bar 208, in addition one between the free end and grounded parts of vertical fishplate bar 208.

The principle of this monostable actuator can be applied in Fig. 2, all structures of 3 and 5 to 8.

Figure 11 illustrates a drive unit 220 with U-shaped yoke 221.A permanent magnet 223 is settled in inboard at horizontal fishplate bar 222, and on this permanent magnet 223, fix a grounded parts, constitute an E shape with

side leg

225 and 226 thus, wherein grounded parts 224 is surrounded by a coil 227 as middle leg with permanent magnet 223.

Be furnished with the armature 228 of a C shape structure at this, wherein constituting air gap respectively between the outer surface of the opposed facing side leg of C shape end 229 and

side leg

225 or 230 and 226 and between the free end of

side leg

225 and 226 and grounded parts 224 and the armature.

In form of implementation shown in Figure 12, drive unit 231 has a U-shaped yoke 232, is furnished with

retraction portion

233 and 234 in its side leg end; The plane armature 235 of a longitudinal extension is engaged in retraction portion, thus on the one hand between the lateral surface and

retraction portion

233 and 234 of armature 235, on the other hand the broad side surface of armature 235 and

step

236 and 237 and grounded parts 224 between form air gap respectively.

Wherein, identical label symbol is illustrated in and realizes identical functions here.

The structure of Figure 13 is that with the different of structure shown in Figure 11 armature 240 is

side legs

225 and 226 U-shaped and that pass through its side leg 241 and 242 encirclement yokes 222.

Figure 14 illustrates a unicoil drive unit, and wherein yoke 250 is U-shapeds, wherein side leg 251 with 252 with Fig. 8 in yoke 215 and 216 end face or end construction be identical; Because armature has the shape identical with that armature of drive unit shown in Figure 8, has identical label symbol 105 at the armature shown in Figure 14.

Therefore Figure 15 returns the description of drawing the there corresponding to version shown in Figure 7.Difference is that the yoke 260 with

side leg

261 and 262 is U-shapeds, and side leg free end has a

retraction portion

263 and 264, and armature 91 joins in the retraction portion in mode shown in Figure 7.

According to the form of implementation shown in Figure 16 to 20, they do not have permanent magnet, but have the E shape yoke that is essentially three side leg formulas, the side leg in the middle of one of them coil surrounds; At this, armature that is disposed or U-shaped, and stretch into inside the retraction portion in the outside; In the structural design of Figure 19, retraction portion the inside (seeing Figure 14) in the middle of two convex shoulders between two outer legs stretch into, and armature is the plane institution movement of a longitudinal extension in structure shown in Figure 180.

The stereogram of Figure 21 approaches structure shown in Figure 9; Have mutual opposed

yoke parts

121 and 122 at this; Have

coil

131 and 132 and

armature

136 and 137; Grounded parts 133 is therebetween, and is such as shown in figure 21.The connecting rod of being made by non-magnetic material 135 is set between two

armature

136 and 137.

As what can be seen by Figure 22, identical or equivalent configurations also can be such, that is, yoke, armature, coil and grounded parts are respectively columniform.It is contemplated that, also can be columniform at all drive units shown in Fig. 1 to 20.For also being like this according to the drive unit that also will describe below shown in Figure 23 and 24.

Figure 23 is described now.The drive unit of a double armature and twin coil is shown there, and it is identical with the form of implementation of Fig. 9, and wherein the armature 137 among Fig. 9 replaces to armature 270, therefore must correspondingly note sides adjacent leg 273 and 274 and armature 270 between air gap 271 and 272.At this, this drive unit has two E shape yoke parts 277 and 278; Armature 279 is T shapes.Wherein armature 279 is corresponding to armature 136.

The application of the drive unit with a coil 300 and two

U-shaped yoke parts

301 and 302 is shown according to the form of implementation of Figure 24.Stationary

permanent magnet

307 and 308 on the free end of

side leg

304 and 306, and there is a grounded parts 309 therebetween, connecting rod 310 passes the centre bore 311 of this grounded parts and is connected with a T shape armature at coil 300 places, the label symbol of this armature is 136, to represent the similar of this structure and Fig. 9, different is only to be furnished with a coil.

Connecting rod 310 is connected with the mobile contact lever 312 of a vacuum interrupter chamber 313 by spring element 311, wherein the free end of connecting rod 310 has an expanded body 314, this expanded body is collected in collection basket 315 the insides, a spring 317 wherein is set between expanded body 314 and bottom 316, and this spring is made of the contact stage clip.

Vacuum chamber is constructed in known manner: it has a cylinder 318 of being made by pottery, and this cylinder seals by a

cover plate

319 and 320 respectively in two end.Advance by leaps and bounds contact lever 312 ends of cylinder 313 have an armature contact 321, and between cover plate 320 and armature contact 321 bellows 322 are set, and its is connected with contact 321 vacuum-tights on the other hand with cover plate 320 on the one hand.Cover plate 319 is passed fixed static contact 324 on the free end of static contact lever by static contact lever 323 vacuum-tights.Import and derive with 325 expression electric currents; That electric current that is connected with movable contact lever 312 imports and derives not shown; It for example is made of the copper stranded conductor band (Kupferlitzenband) of an activity.

Between

yoke parts

301 and 302 zones and collection basket 315, connecting rod has a flat board fixed thereon 326; One end of a stage clip 327 acts on this flat board last 326, and the other end of this stage clip is bearing on the plane of a fixed-site.In the time will making

contact

321 and 324 enter on-position, then excitation coil 300, make armature 136 be inhaled into the inside of two

yoke parts

301 and 302 according to direction of arrow P.Thus to top pressure spring 327 together and store corresponding energy.Make certain contact force be applied on

contact

321 and 324 by this contact stage clip 317.

If cut-off breaker, then with opposite sense of current excitation coil 300.Armature is moved on the opposite direction of direction of arrow P.This point is subjected to spring 327 to support that this spring is an energy-storaging spring.

In structure shown in Figure 24, a drive unit is arranged, it only has a coil.Certainly, the various drive units shown in also can allocation plan 1 to 23, promptly a drive unit also can have two coils.

Claims

1. Actionneur electromagnetique bistable, drive unit in particular for vacuum interrupter chamber, has a yoke, has at least one permanent magnet, has at least one coil, has at least one movable armature, make and produce one first magnetic current by armature and yoke, and armature is fixed on the position, wherein coil produces one second magnetic current, make armature movement by it, it is characterized in that, described permanent magnet is arranged between described yoke and the fixing grounded parts, making magnetic current pass through described grounded parts flows, and described armature hides an end face of yoke at least partly in the yoke outside, and this end face extends perpendicular to the direction of motion of armature.

2. actuator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described yoke has two yoke bodies, and they respectively have a pole shoe roughly placed in the middle, and pole shoe is faced mutually, respectively settles a permanent magnet on it.

3. actuator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described yoke, armature, magnet all are rectangles.

4. actuator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described yoke is columniform and has the bar of a minor diameter in inside, and side is fixed a ring shape permanent magnet within it, and permanent magnet and grounded parts are all made columniform.

5. as each described actuator in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that described armature hides the end face of yoke fully.

6. as each described actuator in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described yoke has a step retraction portion at its end region, armature mates in this retraction portion.

7. actuator as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described step retraction portion is arranged on the inboard of yoke.

8. as each described actuator in the claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that described armature surrounds the end face of yoke and partly surrounds the outside of yoke.

9. actuator as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described armature has a C shape cross section, and wherein opposed facing side leg end surrounds yoke in the outside of yoke.

10. as each described actuator in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that described armature is alms bowl shape.

11. actuator as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described armature on the inboard of alms bowl wall, have one the projection as around the support muscle.

12. as each described actuator in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that described armature is engaged in the retraction portion on the yoke outside.

13. as above-mentioned claim in each described actuator, it is characterized in that described armature has a projection in the centre, armature with this bossing be inserted in the yoke.

14. as each described actuator in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that having two armature on the opposed end that is positioned at yoke, they interconnect by a connecting rod of being made by non-magnetic material that passes grounded parts.

15. as each described actuator in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that, only be provided with an armature and a coil, described yoke is an O shape, and permanent magnet and grounded parts medially are being fixed between the side leg on the yoke muscle, wherein, permanent magnet is between grounded parts and yoke muscle, so this actuator is monostable.

16., it is characterized in that described yoke is an E shape as each described actuator in the claim 1 to 13.

17. as each described actuator in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that, only be provided with an armature, and yoke be an alms bowl shape.

18. actuator as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, on described permanent magnet and grounded parts medially were fixed at the bottom of the alms bowl, wherein permanent magnet was between at the bottom of grounded parts and the alms bowl.

19., it is characterized in that as each described actuator in the above-mentioned claim, on the bottom of alms bowl, be formed with a projection, and have permanent magnet in its end, wherein said projection is simultaneously as grounded parts.

20. as each described actuator in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that, for fear of eddy current, take adequate measures, for example lamination, fluting or segmentation.