CN1546786A

CN1546786A - Biofermentation pulping technology

Info

Publication number: CN1546786A
Application number: CNA2003101022438A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨文生
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-10-29
Filing date: 2003-10-29
Publication date: 2004-11-17

Abstract

The invention is a new biology yeasting pulping technology. The invention uses modern biology technology, uses grass family as main material, uses microbe to yeast and decompose lignin, it is a biology lignin pulping method which can reserve the fiber. The character lies in: the planting period is short, the yeasting efficiency is high; the water consumption is little; the invention uses high temperature and high oxygen sterilization, the sterilization is thoroughly and it can upgrade the white rate; the invention controls the generation of black liquid, realizes pulping with contamination. The operation is convenient, the production is reliable, the device investment is small, and the cost is low.

Description

The biofermentation pulping technique

Technical field:

The present invention relates to paper-making pulping process, is to utilize fermentation principle and modern biotechnology, is body material with the cereal herbaceous plant fibre, based on present on-line industry equipment, a kind of novel pollution-free bio-pulping new technology of research and development.

Background technology:

China is the country of invention papermaking technology the earliest, also be in the world papermaking, use paper big country.The paper maker had become one of important industry of Chinese national economy already, but paper industry is still continued to use chemical pulping production technologies such as soda processes, sulfate process, lime method, sulphite process, becomes the most serious industrial enterprise of the organic water pollutant of China (account for total amount 32.7%) because of discharging a large amount of black liquor.In addition, passive pollution control technology also exists problems such as improvement is not thorough, equipment investment is high, operating cost is big at present.Its pollution problem has become the bottleneck of serious restriction paper-making industry development.Therefore, fundamentally pollution abatement source and effective slurrying new technology, new technology are explored in research, have become experts and scholars of China and foreign countries for many years and have made great efforts the target studying and explore.

Utilize modern biotechnology research and development biological pulp and paper making technology generally to be paid attention at home and abroad.Sweden forest products industry research institute adopts ultraviolet ray irradiation asexual reproduction spore, has successfully cultivated the strain of cellulose-less enzyme variant, and by the experiment of birch sheet, has made the birch protolignin degrade 21% ~ 28.5%.Domestic many experts and scholars are also carrying out unremitting effort and many-sided exploratory development, Hu Aizu etc. have summed up " experience of Chinese non-wood fibrous raw material pulping and paper-making and achievement " (" Chinese papermaking " the 10th phase in 1998), " whiterot fungi is to the biodegradation rule of straw and the potential application on bio-pulping thereof " (" Chinese papermaking " the 1st phase in 1989) of investigation such as Yu Huisheng, Zhang Houmin etc. have discussed " relation of biotechnology and paper industry " (" Chinese papermaking " the 2nd phase in 1994).These explorations have been played very big impetus to the research and the exploration of bio-pulping.

At present, the sorting technique of paper making raw material is very many, divides from the structure of plant fiber material, and the structure of cell membrane can be divided into intercellular layer, primary wall and secondary wall; Secondary wall can be divided into skin, middle level and internal layer again.

Can be divided into non-fibrocyte (heteroproteose cell) and fibrocyte from the cell branch.Non-fibrocyte great majority belong to parenchyma cell, as the epidermal cell in the standing grain class herbaceous plant, silicon cell, lithocyte, cork cell, screen casing etc.Parenchyma cell is thin and soft, short and small, cell is big, mostly is circular, ellipse or multiaspect shape, works because of the easy absorption aqueous solution and medicine when producing, and major part is held out by peeling and run off during washing; Moreover this part cell interweaves a little less than the power, and bad mechanical strength causes paper strength to descend, so from the angle of papermaking, non-fibrocyte is fewer better in the raw material.Fibrocyte mainly is that these class cell wall thickness such as bast fiber type cell, cell are narrow, is the main raw material of papermaking, and the more quality is better for all fibrous cell's content with regard to quality.

Just divide on the standing grain class herbaceous plant chemical composition, be broadly divided into three parts:

1. cellulose: being the key component that constitutes plant fiber cells, is the chain-like macromolecule compound that is made of a large amount of glucose dehydrations.It is the main raw material of paper grade (stock), also is the part that should do one's utmost to keep in the pulping process, and it comprises crude fibre, long fiber, staple fibre, fine fibre and microfiber.Account for 47% in the wheat straw, account for 39% in the straw, account for 76% in reed reed.

2. hemicellulose: being low molecular polysaccharide in the plant material, combining closely with cellulose that the swollen degree in water is big in the fiber finer cell wall, belong to the heterogencity polysaccharide, also is the part that can suitably keep in the paper-making process.

3. lignin: being the aromatic polymer compound, also is the general name of this class similar substance, and it is present between fiber and the microfiber, and its effect laterally is bonded into one fiber and half fiber as a kind of adhesive and becomes the stem of plant.Generally contain in the grass as raw material about 20%, cotton and flax then do not contain lignin; Because of lignin hinders papermaking, be the part that should as far as possible remove in the pulping process therefore, briefly the process of slurrying removes lignin exactly, discongests cellulosic process.

The existing pulping process of China, conclude and get up to be broadly divided into three classes:

1. machinery pulping: promptly destroy lignin and do not remove the pulping process of lignin, as masson pine ground wood pulp, bagasse mechanical pulp etc. with the principle of mechanical tear.Because of not removing lignin, so the papery embrittlement, harden, can only produce low-grade paper, as highly intensified corrugated paper, wrapping paper etc., do not pollute basically.

2. chemical pulping: promptly remove the pulping process of lignin with principles of chemistry such as alkaline process or sulphite processes, just make bonding material between the fibrocyte with chemicals, promptly the lignin solution-off is gone a part, makes the disconnected from each other and pulping of fiber; Comparatively thorough because of its delignification, so papery is good, can produce various high-grade paper, but because the corrosivity of chemical pulping is stronger, seriously destroy usable fibers such as fine fibre, microfiber, thereby reduced the slurry yield of slurrying, also environment has been caused serious pollution simultaneously.

3. half machinery or semi-chemical pulp: i.e. the pulping process that machinery pulping and chemical pulping combines, its papery is better than mechanical pulp, and inferior to chemical pulp, but the same serious environmental that can cause with chemical pulping of a large amount of waste water of producing pollutes, and disposal cost is quite expensive.

At present, with the approaching patent of the present invention be Granted publication number: CN 1063505C, application number: 97101537.6, denomination of invention: biological delignification-machinery pulping technology, summary: biology ... the weak point of this patent: 1. former haystack buttress, naturally cultivate, the temperature difference is bigger, and it is irregular to ferment, production cycle is long, and conversion efficiency is low; 2. do not adopt water circulation system, the supply water yield is big, and water resource waste is serious; 3. adopt common low-pressure steam sterilization, disinfection efficiency is low, and sterilization is not thorough; 4. thoroughly handle because of tannin, pigment etc., and stay in the slurry, thereby make the papery embrittlement, be a bit darkish in color; 5. become paper pulp can only be used for the production of common or low-grade paper.

The present invention utilizes modern biofermentation technique, is raw material with the cereal herbaceous plant fibre, adopts the biofermentation delignification pulping process of microbial degradation lignin, reservation fiber, produces free of contamination bio-pulping.Maximum characteristics of the present invention are chemical agents that pollution need not be arranged, and the black liquor of pulp making that does not discharge pollution is to realize the purpose of pollution-free pulping.

Purpose of the present invention designs a kind of biofermentation slurrying new technology exactly, to solve the problem of environmental pollution that causes in the paper process.

Fermentation is exactly the cultivation by microorganism, a large amount of processes of producing various metabolites, the kind of fermentation is a lot, according to the physical state of culture medium, solid fermentation and liquid fermentation can be divided into, antibiotic fermentation, fermentation process for vitamin production, amino acid fermentation etc. can be divided into according to the product that is generated; Can be divided into anaerobic fermentation (as alcoholic fermentation, lactic fermentation), aerobic fermentation (as antibiotic fermentation, amino acid fermentation) and facultative fermentation according to sweat to the conditions of demand of oxygen, be anaerobe, aerobic microbiological and aerobic-anaerobic microbe, saccharomycete just belongs to aerobic-anaerobic microbe.

Technological process of production figure of the present invention (accompanying drawing) indicates as follows:

Raw material → screen → get the raw materials ready → wash → flood cultivation → O1 generator → cultivation → O2 generator → filtration → machine pulverizing → screening → washing → processing → finished product of diving disappears

Below in conjunction with technological process operation is further specified:

1, raw material: for standing grain class herbaceous plant raw material, as straw, wheat straw, reed, bagasse, Chinese alpine rush etc.; Its institutional framework is loose, and the degree of polymerization is lower between fiber, and hemicellulose level is more, adapts to the bio-pulping condition.

2, screening: the raw material of selecting to help biofermentation slurrying length;

3, washing: purify raw material, remove impurity

4, dipping is cultivated: mix the back with warm water and biology enzyme and carry out hybrid infusion with standby screening raw material, biology enzyme is adsorbed in the raw material fully

5, O1 generator: add an amount of temperature and oxygen, the biology enzyme that is immersed in the raw material is expanded rapidly, fermentation impels its changes in microstructure;

6, disappear and dive to cultivate: add high molecular surfactant and living things catalysis complexing agent, the expansion raw material is decomposed, grape carbohydrate such as lignin, starch, pectin, fat and ash content are separated from fiber;

7, O2 generator: at first, in generator, add oxygen and temperature, pressure, promote the further degraded of microorganism; Secondly, add the strong oxidizer sterilization, strong oxidizer be disinfectant be again bleaching agent, in killing bacteria, obtain the paper pulp of certain whiteness;

8, filter: the raffinate of discharging in the generator by filtering, absorption, purify, during its raffinate is got back to again that disappearing dives and cultivated as culture medium, can be recycled after adding suitable auxiliary material;

9, machine pulverizing: adopt Mechanical Method that slurry class mill is beaten and discongest into useful slurry;

10, screening: useful slurry is carried out selected, its fiber enters the washing procedure, and its thick slag comes back to the dipping cultivation stage as raw material;

11, washing processing: fiber through washing processing, increases its purity and whiteness again through above processing, to reach the requirement of producing with paper pulp;

12, finished product: pure bleached pulp copied make finished paper or cardboard, to check its paper properties.

Purpose of the present invention is concluded the process that is achieved in that raw material, biofermentation, biological delignification, sterilization bleaching, mechanical jordaning are got the raw materials ready, cleaned in screening of saying.It mainly is that raw material is cut into the length that meets bio-pulping that its screening is got the raw materials ready; Cleaning raw material mainly is further to purify raw material, removes its impurity; The microorganism that biofermentation adopts is a Mycophyta Ascomycetes saccharomycete group, its effect is to make poly-pentose generation swollen and peeling reactions such as interfibrous starch, fat, pectin, resin, its internal organizational structure becomes slack, the intermolecular polymerization degree descends, for next stage the operation biological delignification carry out early-stage preparations; The microorganism that biological delignification adopts is Mycophyta Basidiomycetes mould group and Schizomycetes actinomyces group, they are culture medium with starch, fat, microfiber etc., under the effect of hyperoxia high pressure and catalysis complexing agent, surfactant, expand rapidly, fiber is separated with the lignin institutional framework and degrade; The sterilization bleaching is mainly based on temperature and strong oxidizer.And strong oxidizer can discharge the oxygen of nascent state and have strong oxidizing property, thus it be disinfectant (killing bacteria), be bleaching agent (bleached pulp) again, thereby avoided the pollution of bacterium and the generation of black liquor in the pulping process; Mechanical jordaning mainly is the method that adopts longitudinal air flow friction and horizontal mechanical friction, makes fiber evacuate pulping.

The effect that the present invention can reach is: with existing online pulp and paper industry equipment, do suitable improvement, Utilize the common conventional papermaking raw materials such as standing grain class herbaceous plant, adopt the biological delignification pulping technique, produce and give birth to Thing slurry, thus costliness that problem of environmental pollution that chemical slurrying causes and passive pollution treatment bring avoided Equipment investment and innumerable expense, its meaning will exert far reaching influence to the sustainable development of paper-making industry.

Claims

1, biofermentation slurrying new technology is to utilize the microbial fermentation lignin degrading, keep fiber, and is equipped with the pulping process of machine processing, and it is held and levies is that processes such as raw material, biofermentation, biological delignification, sterilization brighten, machine defibrination are got the raw materials ready, cleaned in screening.

2, according to right 1 described biofermentation slurrying new technology, wherein said raw material is that non-wood type plant is a standing grain class herbaceous plant, as annual plants such as straw, wheat straw, Chinese alpine rush, reed reed, bagasses;

3, according to right 1 described biofermentation slurrying new technology, wherein said raw material blank length is 05-08mm;

4, according to right 1 described biofermentation slurrying new technology, wherein said cultivation water temperature is 50-70 ℃, and temperature is 27-45 ℃;

5, according to right 1 described biofermentation slurrying new technology, wherein Fa Jiao biology is a Mycophyta Ascomycetes saccharomycete group;

6, according to right 1 described biofermentation slurrying new technology, wherein said cultivation oxygen is industrial oxygen;

7, according to right 1 described biofermentation slurrying new technology, wherein said delignification biology is Mycophyta Basidiomycetes mould group or Schizomycetes actinomyces group;

8, according to right 1 described biofermentation slurrying new technology, wherein said biological antibiotic brightening agent can be peroxide or calcium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide etc.;

9, according to right 1 described biofermentation slurrying new technology, wherein said longitudinal air flow friction, stream pressure is 0.3-0.5Kg/cm ², speed is the 30-40 meter per second; Laterally its pressure of mechanical friction is 0.2-0.3Kg/cm ², the mill spacing is 0.2-0.5mm.