CN1537698A - Copper-aluminium thin wall pipe friction welding technology - Google Patents
Copper-aluminium thin wall pipe friction welding technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN1537698A CN1537698A CNA031097634A CN03109763A CN1537698A CN 1537698 A CN1537698 A CN 1537698A CN A031097634 A CNA031097634 A CN A031097634A CN 03109763 A CN03109763 A CN 03109763A CN 1537698 A CN1537698 A CN 1537698A
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Abstract
A friction welding technology for the thin-wall copper pipe and Aluminium pipe includes such steps as machining the end faces to be welded for copper pipe and aluminium pipe, coaxially installing the Al pipe to a slide fixture and the Cu pipe to a rotary fixture, rotating Cu pipe at 1500 rpm while moving Al pipe to make their end faces in friction state for1.5 seconds to form a welded join, and upset forging to said welded join.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of copper-aluminium thin-wall tube friction-welding technique, this technology is to utilize temperature that copper-aluminium thin-walled relatively rotates generation that the light-wall pipe of two kinds of different materials is welded together.
Technical background
In nineteen forties, just occurred the friction welding method of steel and steel abroad, but practical value is little.After 1956, the Soviet Union, Czech have carried out research and have begun to be applied to producing to friction welding (FW), obtain certain achievement at friction welding (FW)s such as copper and brass, but the friction welding of aluminium one copper pipe do not solve.Chinese patent ZL85103380 discloses a kind of Cu-Al connecting pipe explosion weld process, and this technology is to adopt the low explosive internal explosion process, and its tube connector is to adopt socket or docking structure, and this process yield is lower, and complicated operation.Chinese patent 90104261.7 discloses a kind of friction welding (FW), this patent is a kind of reciprocating type friction welding (FW), when carrying out reciprocating type friction welding (FW), the mutual binding face of workpiece is the plane normally, but how the shape on surface is not main, as long as between them, can produce reciprocating motion, and when reciprocating motion is arranged, because the opposite face of two workpiece forces together, produced frictional heat, when near the temperature the phase pressure surface reached a sufficiently high value, the corresponding sports that produces heat between two workpiece stopped, and two workpiece are welded together.When adopting reciprocating type friction welding (FW) to come the weld metal workpiece, usually need to use sizable power.The welding of this patent to as if carbon steel material or copper material, can't use the welding of copper-aluminium thin-wall tube.Therefore, need to propose a kind of copper-aluminium thin-wall tube friction-welding technique.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of copper-aluminium thin-wall tube friction-welding technique, this technology can weld together thin-wall copper pipe and thin-wall aluminium pipe with docking mode, do not need to help wlding material and scaling powder.
The objective of the invention is to be realized by following technical proposals: a kind of copper-aluminium thin-wall tube friction-welding technique is characterized in that:
A, preparation welding blank, the diameter of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank is identical, and caliber is the 4-20 millimeter, and wall thickness is the 1-3 millimeter;
B, the welding end surface of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank is carried out machining, the end face roughness R after the processing
aReach 6.3-10;
C, the aluminum pipe blank is installed in the sliding clamp, by an opposite opened pipe die and sliding clamp locking, the welding end surface of aluminum pipe blank is stretched out described pipe die 1-4 millimeter; The copper pipe blank is installed in the rotary clamp, and by an opposite opened pipe die and rotary clamp locking, the welding end surface of copper pipe blank is stretched out described pipe die 8-15 millimeter, and copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank are positioned on the same axis;
D, start rotary clamp, when the rotating speed of copper pipe blank reaches after 1500 rev/mins, drive sliding clamp and drive the aluminum pipe blank and move to the rotary clamp direction;
E, after the welding end surface of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank contacts, by control sliding clamp make the feeding rate of aluminum pipe blank be controlled at the 2-3 mm/second;
F, after the welding end surface fraction time of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank reaches 1.5 seconds, rotary clamp stops immediately, the copper pipe blank stops operating immediately, the faying face of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank forms welding point;
G, by the control sliding clamp described welding point is carried out upset and handle, the feeding rate that this upset is handled is controlled at the 2-3 mm/second, and the upsetting force that this upset is handled is controlled at the 350-400 MPa;
After h, described upset processing finish, open sliding clamp and rotary clamp and take out finished product.
Principle of the present invention is:
The aluminum bronze friction welding (FW) is a kind of thermocompression bonding method of special shape.
Friction welding (FW) is under the axial compressive force effect, two workpiece carry out fricting movement with rotation relatively at a high speed on its contact-making surface, utilize fricative heat to heat the welding position, after several seconds, stop operating immediately and apply upsetting force simultaneously, then finished welding process:
The first, the formation stage of aluminum bronze physics contact.Two end faces of aluminum bronze friction welding (FW), after machined, before welding, do not do any cleaning work, on the end face of copper, can adhere to anti-weldering things such as a lot of greases, impurity and oxide-film, through frictional heat a part of adsorbate is decomposed volatilization, another part is torn the oxide-film on the copper face by the aluminium of plastic deformation and then is excluded welding end surface.The aluminium end is a unsmooth surface, from putting the distortion that comes in contact of face, has increased the physics contact area in the extremely short time, when reaching bonding area, begins to form vacuum state under plastic deformation and the sealing of strain aluminium.The increase of physics contact-making surface and pressure, temperature have substantial connection, and the growth of aluminum bronze grip contact-making surface is relevant with copper end face machining accuracy again, add shallow that man-hour, the streakline degree of depth was tried one's best getting the raw materials ready.
The second, mutual diffusion phase, the physics contact-making surface that aluminum bronze forms, under the effect of pressure and frictional heat, the shearing stress of generation and direct stress cause the plastic deformation of aluminium superficial layer and flow, makes phase counterdiffusion between atom, electron interaction forms the common crystal grain of metallic bond.
The aluminum bronze friction is relevant with following temperature, and under 548 ℃, aluminium solubility in copper is 67% o'clock, forms low-melting-point eutectic by X and θ phase composition mechanical impurity.Under 400 ℃, aluminium solubility in copper is 9.4% o'clock, and the solubility of copper in aluminium is 1.5%.Below 500 ℃, except aluminium in copper solid solution range (α phase) and the solid area (X mutually) of copper in aluminium, also having intermetallic compound be basic solid solution phase.But the aluminum bronze friction welding (FW) is in seconds finished.Owing to the binder course that diffusion forms, further exploration is treated in metallographic structure.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
Fig. 1 is the blank of the present invention schematic diagram that is installed
Fig. 2 is a welding schematic diagram of the present invention
The specific embodiment
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, Fig. 2, embodiments of the invention one:
A, preparation welding blank, the diameter of copper pipe blank 4 and aluminum pipe blank 3 is identical, and caliber is 8 millimeters, and wall thickness is 1.5 millimeters;
B, the welding end surface of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank is carried out machining, the end face roughness R after the processing
aReach 6.3-10;
C, the aluminum pipe blank is installed in the sliding clamp 1, by an opposite opened pipe die 2 and sliding clamp locking, the welding end surface of aluminum pipe blank is stretched out 2 millimeters of described pipe dies; The copper pipe blank is installed in the rotary clamp 5, and by an opposite opened pipe die 6 and rotary clamp locking, the welding end surface of copper pipe blank is stretched out 10 millimeters of described pipe dies, and copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank are positioned on the same axis 7;
D, start rotary clamp, when the rotating speed of copper pipe blank reaches after 1500 rev/mins, drive sliding clamp and drive the aluminum pipe blank and move to the rotary clamp direction;
E, after the welding end surface of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank contacts, make the feeding rate of aluminum pipe blank be controlled at the 2-3 mm/second by the control sliding clamp, in the process of friction, the contact-making surface of copper pipe and aluminum pipe is moved in the pipe die on the sliding clamp;
F, after the welding end surface fraction time of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank reaches 1.5 seconds, rotary clamp stops immediately, the copper pipe blank stops operating immediately, and the faying face of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank forms welding point 8, and this joint is positioned at the pipe die on the sliding clamp;
G, by the control sliding clamp described welding point is carried out upset and handle, the feeding rate that this upset is handled is controlled at the 2-3 mm/second, and the upsetting force that this upset is handled is controlled at the 350-400 MPa;
After h, described upset processing finish, open sliding clamp and rotary clamp and take out finished product.
Embodiments of the invention two:
On the basis of embodiment one, do following adjustment:
A, described copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank be 10 millimeters, wall thickness is 1.5 millimeters;
The roughness R of the welding end surface of b, copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank
aReach 10;
The welding end surface of c, described aluminum pipe blank is stretched out 4 millimeters of described pipe dies; The welding end surface of described copper pipe blank is stretched out 10 millimeters of described pipe dies;
The feeding rate of f, described aluminum pipe blank is controlled at 2 mm/second;
H, by the control sliding clamp described welding point is carried out upset and handle, the feeding rate that this upset is handled is controlled at 3 mm/second, and the upsetting force that this upset is handled is controlled at 392.27 MPas.
Embodiments of the invention three:
On the basis of embodiment two, do following adjustment:
A, described copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank be 10 millimeters, wall thickness is 1.5 millimeters;
The roughness R of the welding end surface of b, copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank
aReach 10;
The welding end surface of c, described aluminum pipe blank is stretched out 4 millimeters of described pipe dies; The welding end surface of described copper pipe blank is stretched out 10 millimeters of described pipe dies;
D, the core bar of a rotation is sent to the welded joint of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank from the right-hand member mouth of pipe of copper pipe blank along axis, described core bar is provided with a cutting edge, and the direction of rotation of described core bar is opposite with the direction of rotation of copper pipe blank; Start rotary clamp, when the rotating speed of copper pipe blank reaches after 1500 rev/mins, drive sliding clamp and drive the aluminum pipe blank and move to the rotary clamp direction;
E, after the welding end surface of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank contacts, make the feeding rate of aluminum pipe blank be controlled at the 2-3 mm/second by the control sliding clamp, in the process of friction welding, to produce distortion and slag on the contact-making surface of copper pipe and aluminum pipe, the internal diameter of solder side is dwindled, at this moment, described cutting edge can be removed unnecessary slag, guarantees that the internal diameter at solder side place is identical with the internal diameter of blank;
F, after the welding end surface fraction time of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank reaches 1.5 seconds, in the pipe die of described aluminum pipe blank, form welding point, rotary clamp stops immediately, the copper pipe blank stops operating immediately.
Mechanical performance under the present invention is as-welded:
Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding light-wall pipe friction welding joint is under as-welded normal temperature, and the mechanical test of work sees the following form
The Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding friction welding joint is worked on refrigeration plant, stressed very little, only bear the weight of deadweight and other pipeline, but require to do strength test, be for guarantee pipeline have enough intensity,, recognize from a lot of tests the intensity of weld bond to be higher than aluminum pipe intensity, so fracture is entirely on the aluminum pipes beyond the several millimeters of distance weld bond, this is because the aluminium end of close welded junction part, the pressure that stands to weld, the closely knit reinforcement of aluminum pipe has improved intensity.Every test specimen that welds substantially breaks on the aluminium end breakdown strength b＞88.26MPA entirely.
The cold bending test of Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding friction welding joint, mainly be the seam situation and the plasticity of check solder side, the clod wash of branch three kinds of conditions (form), when on testing machine, carrying out cold bending test, manage to make the aluminum bronze homogeneous deformation, to the manual clod wash of can testing of the defective of weld bond tension face and fragility, the not crooked and aluminum pipe flexural deformation of copper pipe, equally can the analyzing adapter quality, it is littler only to be that weld bond bears moment of flexure, and aluminum pipe is partial in the position of distortion; Alternating bending, be that copper pipe is fixed, crooked position is placed on the weld bond place, with 2.5 times of diameters is flexual center, to crooked 40 ° of 4 directions, this method is not done this check on common product, because of refrigerator has strict requirement to welding point, so just do so destructive crooked check, to guarantee the quality of complete machine.
The joint flattening test is the axial plasticity of check weld bond.
For exploring Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding joint (bar) service behaviour at high temperature, carried out heat-rupture test, result of the test proves that Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding joint high-temperature mechanical property is good, strength of joint is just put greater than mother.Destroy full when making pull test on mother metal, in the time of 200 ℃, joint tensile strength is 44.13MPA, and in the time of 400 ℃, joint tensile strength is 13.729MPA.
Air-tight test of the present invention
(1) mass spectrum is stopped leakage in the roof.
This test is to select for use the helium mass spectrum instrument of stopping leakage in the roof to test, and the results are shown in Table 5.
| The method of stopping leakage in the roof | Remittance leak rate (holder liter/second) | |
| Blowing process is stopped leakage in the roof | ????Q＜5×10 -10 | |
| 200 ℃ of vacuum | Gunite is stopped leakage in the roof | ????Q＜5×10 -10 |
| Baking | Integration method is stopped leakage in the roof | ????Q＜5×10 -10 |
Annotate: these table data do not have line vacuum teaching and research group by Tsing-Hua University to be provided
The aluminium-copper tube welding point of use in refrigerator requires to do to reveal two tests, and amount of leakage is lower than 5 * 10
-8Hold in the palm liter/second, and the aluminium-copper tube friction welding joint, the sensitivity of amount of leakage is better than 5 * 10
-10Hold in the palm liter/second.Confirm that this kind joint air-tightness is good.
(2) inner pressure test
Test pressure is 2.4517MPA, and test temperature is room temperature (20 ℃), and test(ing) medium is an air, is immersed in 3 seconds in the water, and test specimen weld bond place loses seepage.
The Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding friction welding joint, at 200 ℃, 300 ℃.Under 400 ℃ of temperature, each handled its tensile strength through 100 hours, angle of bend has variation in various degree, and mechanical performance significantly reduces after 300 ℃ and 400 ℃ of timeliness, and the reduction of angle of bend than tensile strength reduce even more serious, but in the time of 200 ℃, mechanical performance changes very little.
After the Ageing Treatment of the present invention, the microhardness of formed diffusion layer is higher than copper, aluminum mother plate.Following table is that joint of the present invention is at 400 ℃, through the micro-hardness measurement value of processing in 100 hours.
| ????Hv ????Hb | ????550 ????490 | ?360--440 ?315--420 | ????34 | ??28.5 | ????62.5 | ????58 |
Diffusion layer of the present invention has been not independent solid solution, but has had the cenotype of separating out to generate, and has produced frangible compounds, develops into layer until which floor from point, and thickening of diffusion layer has much relations with aging temp, and temperature is more much bigger than time effects.
Thickening of diffusion layer (brittle layer), the butt joint mechanical performance is very unfavorable, when 200 ℃ of heating, through 100 hours, the thickness of diffusion layer, still very thin, the mechanical performance influence is not remarkable.
The present invention has following good effect:
1, confirms that by test and production in batches Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding light-wall pipe friction welding (FW) is a kind of preferably process.
2, the Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding pipe of welding small cross sections adopts manual friction-welding machine feasible.
3, the friction welding joint quality is good and stable, can satisfy the refrigeration plants such as refrigerator, to the requirement of Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding pipe fillter section.
4, friction welding joint is in that to be no more than under 200 ℃ the temperature the long-term joint performance that uses good.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of copper-aluminium thin-wall tube friction-welding technique is characterized in that:
A, preparation welding blank, the diameter of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank is identical, and caliber is the 4-20 millimeter, and wall thickness is the 1-3 millimeter;
B, the welding end surface of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank is carried out machining, the end face roughness Ra after the processing reaches 6.3-10;
C, the aluminum pipe blank is installed in the sliding clamp, by an opposite opened pipe die and sliding clamp locking, the welding end surface of aluminum pipe blank is stretched out described pipe die 1-4 millimeter; The copper pipe blank is installed in the rotary clamp, and by an opposite opened pipe die and rotary clamp locking, the welding end surface of copper pipe blank is stretched out described pipe die 8-15 millimeter, and copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank are positioned on the same axis;
D, start rotary clamp, when the rotating speed of copper pipe blank reaches after 1500 rev/mins, drive sliding clamp and drive the aluminum pipe blank and move to the rotary clamp direction;
E, after the welding end surface of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank contacts, by control sliding clamp make the feeding rate of aluminum pipe blank be controlled at the 2-3 mm/second;
F, after the welding end surface fraction time of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank reaches 1.5 seconds, rotary clamp stops immediately, the copper pipe blank stops operating immediately, the faying face of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank forms welding point;
G, by the control sliding clamp described welding point is carried out upset and handle, the feeding rate that this upset is handled is controlled at the 2-3 mm/second, and the upsetting force that this upset is handled is controlled at the 350-400 MPa;
After h, described upset processing finish, open sliding clamp and rotary clamp and take out finished product.
2, copper according to claim 1-aluminium thin-wall tube friction-welding technique is characterized in that:
The caliber of a, described copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank is 8 millimeters, and wall thickness is 1.5 millimeters;
The roughness R of the welding end surface of b, copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank
aReach 6.3;
The welding end surface of c, described aluminum pipe blank is stretched out 2 millimeters of described pipe dies; The welding end surface of described copper pipe blank is stretched out 12 millimeters of described pipe dies;
The feeding rate of f, described aluminum pipe blank is controlled at 2 mm/second;
H, by the control sliding clamp described welding point is carried out upset and handle, the feeding rate that this upset is handled is controlled at 3 mm/second, and the upsetting force that this upset is handled is controlled at 392.27 MPas.
3, copper according to claim 2-aluminium thin-wall tube friction-welding technique is characterized in that:
D, the core bar of a rotation is sent to the welded joint of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank from the right-hand member mouth of pipe of copper pipe blank along axis, described core bar is provided with a cutting edge, and the direction of rotation of described core bar is opposite with the direction of rotation of copper pipe blank;
F, after the welding end surface fraction time of copper pipe blank and aluminum pipe blank reaches 1.5 seconds, in the pipe die of described aluminum pipe blank, form welding point, rotary clamp stops immediately, the copper pipe blank stops operating immediately.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031097634A CN1537698A (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2003-04-17 | Copper-aluminium thin wall pipe friction welding technology |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031097634A CN1537698A (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2003-04-17 | Copper-aluminium thin wall pipe friction welding technology |
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| CNA031097634A Pending CN1537698A (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2003-04-17 | Copper-aluminium thin wall pipe friction welding technology |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100414159C (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2008-08-27 | 无锡金羊管件有限公司 | Method for producing clip press type pipe |
| CN101954539A (en) * | 2010-10-01 | 2011-01-26 | 广东美的电器股份有限公司 | Friction welding process for copper material and aluminum alloy material |
| CN101972889A (en) * | 2010-10-09 | 2011-02-16 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Cold-pressure welding process for wrought allumen wire rods |
| CN102848071A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2013-01-02 | 东北石油大学 | Friction welding repair process for waste pipes |
| CN103264220A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2013-08-28 | 邯郸慧桥复合材料科技有限公司 | Bimetal tube blank friction welding method |
| CN107520533A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-29 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | The welding method of target material assembly |
| CN107695508A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-16 | 青海西矿杭萧钢构有限公司 | A kind of assembling and welding method of steel pipe bundle |
| CN107984075A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-05-04 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | A kind of frictional diffusion soldering method of aluminium target material assembly |
| CN110814649A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-02-21 | 湖南天行健能源管理有限公司 | Water pipe and welding method thereof |
| CN115351412A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-11-18 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for welding bar material and connecting rod for rotating electrode through axial friction |
-
2003
- 2003-04-17 CN CNA031097634A patent/CN1537698A/en active Pending
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100414159C (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2008-08-27 | 无锡金羊管件有限公司 | Method for producing clip press type pipe |
| CN101954539A (en) * | 2010-10-01 | 2011-01-26 | 广东美的电器股份有限公司 | Friction welding process for copper material and aluminum alloy material |
| CN101954539B (en) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-12-19 | 广东美的电器股份有限公司 | Friction welding process for copper material and aluminum alloy material |
| CN101972889A (en) * | 2010-10-09 | 2011-02-16 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Cold-pressure welding process for wrought allumen wire rods |
| CN101972889B (en) * | 2010-10-09 | 2012-09-05 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Cold-pressure welding process for deformed zinc aluminum alloy rods |
| CN102848071A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2013-01-02 | 东北石油大学 | Friction welding repair process for waste pipes |
| CN103264220A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2013-08-28 | 邯郸慧桥复合材料科技有限公司 | Bimetal tube blank friction welding method |
| CN107520533A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-29 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | The welding method of target material assembly |
| CN107695508A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-16 | 青海西矿杭萧钢构有限公司 | A kind of assembling and welding method of steel pipe bundle |
| CN107984075A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-05-04 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | A kind of frictional diffusion soldering method of aluminium target material assembly |
| CN107984075B (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-12-24 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Friction diffusion welding method of aluminum target assembly |
| CN110814649A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-02-21 | 湖南天行健能源管理有限公司 | Water pipe and welding method thereof |
| CN115351412A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-11-18 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for welding bar material and connecting rod for rotating electrode through axial friction |
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