CN1521472A - Improved plate type solar water heater - Google Patents

Improved plate type solar water heater Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1521472A
CN1521472A CNA03103084XA CN03103084A CN1521472A CN 1521472 A CN1521472 A CN 1521472A CN A03103084X A CNA03103084X A CN A03103084XA CN 03103084 A CN03103084 A CN 03103084A CN 1521472 A CN1521472 A CN 1521472A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
water
water tank
water heater
transparent
flat plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA03103084XA
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN100491863C (en
Inventor
王济堂
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CNB03103084XA priority Critical patent/CN100491863C/en
Publication of CN1521472A publication Critical patent/CN1521472A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100491863C publication Critical patent/CN100491863C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Landscapes

  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

A modified platform solar water heater characterized in that, a transparent water honeycomb or auxiliary cistern is added between the roof board and the honeycomb of cistern, an auxiliary cistern is also added between the bottom and side heat-insulating layer, wherein the upper and lower bottom surfaces are made of transparent materials, the external surface and the inner surface of the lower bottom are coated with black spectrum selectivity coating directly, the upper end of the water heater is connected with a flat mirror pivoted along the hinge shaft. These improvements can substantially improve heating efficiency and reduce the cost.

Description

The modified flat plate solar water heater
Affiliated technical field
The present invention is a kind of improved flat plate solar water heater.
Background technology
Existing solar water heater mainly contains following two big classes:
The first kind, flat plate solar water heater, the structure of its heat collector such as Fig. 1, it mainly is made of following several parts; The water tank that opaque material is made (1), transparent cap (2), transparent air honeycomb (3) and heat-insulation layer (4) and support (15), the outer surface of the upper bottom surface (5) of water tank (1) scribbles the black spectrum selective paint.Insulation material is preferably sticked in the end of this water heater, side, radiation loss can be controlled in 10%.But the end face radiation loss is greatly to 60%～70%, although used transparent air honeycomb (3) to suppress the cross-ventilation heat radiation, heat waste is still greatly to 40%～50%.In addition, water tank (1) is generally made of the thin plate of iron, stainless steel or aluminium, and cost still is higher.The high latitude northern area that will freeze in winter, also easily that water tank (1) is freezing, cause the north can not use winter.
Second class, glass-vacuum tube (comprising heat pipe) solar water heater, its heat collector is the pipe (interior dress heat collecting sheet) that safety glass (price is very high) is made to be evacuated suppress the cross-ventilation radiation loss, the thermal efficiency is higher, reach about 60%～70%, but vacuum technique complexity, cost are too high again.What sell on the domestic and international market at present mainly is such product.About about 1 square metre of every collector area, about 1500 yuan of domestic prices add various accessories, price reaches more than 2000 yuan, even more than 3000 yuan.The personal consumption level that exceeds the most people of China.Thereby the people who uses, even in the city, also still be only a few.More be unfavorable for large tracts of land, produce solar water on a large scale.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the existing deficiency that the solar water heater thermal efficiency is low and/or cost is high, the invention provides a kind of improved flat plate solar water heater, it can increase substantially the thermal efficiency (surpassing solar vacuum-tube water heater), and (being lower than existing flat plate solar water heater) significantly can reduce cost again.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems mainly contains following four new basic structural features, now is respectively described below:
Feature one:
As shown in Figure 2, between transparent cap (2) and air honeycomb (3), increased a water tank (6) that upper and lower bottom surface is all made by transparent material, entery and delivery port is arranged on it, in addition, as shown in Figure 3, in the middle of the end, side heat-insulation layer, also increased a water tank (7), entery and delivery port is also arranged on it, and water tank (7) can be communicated with water tank (6), also can not be communicated with.
After adopting this structure, sunshine will pass transparent water tank (6), honeycomb (8), honeycomb (3) and be mapped on the upper bottom surface (5) of water tank (1), as the water in the original heating water tank (1).The cross-ventilation radiation loss of water tank (1) upper bottom surface is after honeycomb (3) suppresses once, and hot-air is blocked by water tank (6) again.Therefore water tank (6) effect of also playing the honeycomb that suppresses the convection current heat waste (therefore can be described as " water honeycomb ", honeycomb originally (8), honeycomb (3) just are " air honeycomb "), hot-air can only lean on the water in the slow heating water tank of the mode of conduction heat transfer (6), and the long-wave radiation of water tank (1) upper surface loss is also heated by the absorption of the water in the water tank (6) and with water, so water in the water tank (6), become useful hot water, can release use.
The cross-ventilation heat waste of water tank (6) upper bottom surface is suppressed once by honeycomb (8) again, is suppressed once by top cover (2) again then.Like this, after repeatedly suppressing, heat just is lost in the air at last.
Equally, the water in the water tank (7) also can be conducted the heat that slowly passes heat-insulation layer (9) and slowly be heated, and becomes useful hot water, also can release use, and heat just slowly passes heat-insulation layer (4) by conduction at last and is lost in the air.
Also water-filling not in water tank (6), the water tank (7), and fill other liquid even gas with.Select particularly that those transparencies are as far as possible high, thermal conductivity and absorptivity are tried one's best low and cheap gas or liquid.Particularly be charged in the water tank (6), liquid or gas in the water tank (7) can be opaque.
The beneficial effect that above-mentioned new structural feature produces is:
1, water tank (6), water tank (7) can absorb the heat waste of water tank (1) for the second time and be transformed into useful hot water, therefore can be described as heat waste or heat secondary recovery method.
2, the cross-ventilation radiation loss of water tank (1) upper bottom surface is repeatedly suppressed, and the heat that is lost at last in the surrounding air is few, and particularly the end face heat waste and the end, side heat waste are suitable substantially, and end face is more much bigger than the heat waste of bottom surface in original technology.Water tank (7) makes the heat waste of the end, side reduce significantly again in addition.
3, sunshine is in water heater in transmission and the reflection process, all absorbed by the water in the water tank (6) in transmission, the reflection loss of the upper bottom surface (10) of water tank (6), air honeycomb (3), water tank (1), is transformed into useful hot water.Only be lost in the surrounding air at last in air honeycomb (8), upward minute quantity transmission of top cover (2), reflection loss.
More than 3 thermals efficiency that all increase substantially water heater, calculate and experiment all shows: the end face and the end, the side thermal efficiency are suitable substantially, total thermal efficiency can reach about 90% or more than 90%, surpasses current state-of-the-art glass-vacuum tube (comprising heat pipe) solar water heater (about the thermal efficiency 60%～70%).
4, cost is low.Water tank (6), water tank (7) are generally thin than water tank (1), and water temperature is also low than water tank (1), and be therefore also low to the requirement of material property.So can make of thin plastic sheeting or thin plate, make such as the plastic foil (thin slice or thin plate) of available manufacturing mineral water bottle or salad oil bottle.Through market survey, cost is very low.
Feature two:
Upper bottom surface (5), the bottom surface (10) of water tank (1) are also made of transparent material, at the outer surface or the direct coating black spectrum selective paint of inner surface of bottom surface (10).The outer surface of upper bottom surface (5) no longer is coated with this coating.
Another program is: on the outer surface or inner surface additional of transparent bottom surface (10) " semitransparent black liquid interlayer ".Its basic structure is as shown in Figure 4: interlayer upper bottom surface (18) is transparent panel or film, and bottom surface (19) is not necessarily transparent plate or film, fits in upper and lower bottom surface, sealing all around, and intermediate hollow forms interlayer.Interlayer is generally thinner, and thickness generally gets final product about 10mm, is full of black liquor (27) in the middle of the interlayer, and import and export (20) are arranged on the interlayer, is used to flow to, flows out the black liquor body.
Another kind of sandwich is: the outer surface at the transparent bottom surface (10) of water tank (1), stick not necessarily transparent plate of one deck or film (19), and promptly bottom surface (10) is exactly the upper bottom surface (18) of interlayer, sealing around being still, intermediate hollow forms interlayer.Import and export are also arranged on it, be full of black liquor in the middle of the interlayer.
The beneficial effect that this new architectural feature produces is:
1, because some black liquor body is high to the absorptivity of sunshine, and near 1, and emissivity is extremely low, and is better than best spectrum selective paint near 0, and can overcome the shortcoming that spectrum coating meeting burn into comes off, the life-span is longer.Replace spectrum selective paint with regard to available above-mentioned semitransparent black liquid interlayer like this, the thermal efficiency and hot property are further enhanced again.And be a principle impressive progress technically.Because the spectrum selective paint of Israel scholar Taibo invention by universally acknowledged be the principle major progress.
2, sunshine passes water layer, add hot water at bottom surface (10), hot water rises automatically, cold water sinks automatically, form circulation, make water can faster, more effectively absorb heat from bottom surface (10), this has just been avoided original technology heat at the undue concentration of water tank (1) upper bottom surface (5) and the radiation loss that causes has further improved the thermal efficiency.
3, sunshine passes bottom surface (10) reflection of water layer from water tank (1), all reflex to again in the water of water tank (1) or water tank (6), therefore the long-wave radiation loss in original technology is all absorbed by water again, and is used to produce useful hot water, and the thermal efficiency is got back and further improved.
4, reduce cost significantly.The upper bottom surface (18) of water tank (1), water tank (6) and interlayer, all available some transparent plastic of bottom surface (19) (contemporary advanced composite material (ACM)) are made, for example polypropylene, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or the like.Through market survey: the water tank made from them (1), the cost of water tank (6), have only about 1/3rd or 1/4th of iron, stainless steel, aluminum water block, and the cost of water tank (1) and water tank (6) accounts for the major part of whole water heater cost, therefore, the material that causes of this new architectural feature changes the cost that has just reduced whole water heater significantly.Prove in actual manufacturing: its cost is more much lower than existing flat plate solar water heater, and is just lower than solar vacuum-tube water heater.
5, plastic plasticity is bigger, experimental results show that: the freezing and expansion of water can not damage plastic cistern, and this flat plate solar water heater also can use in the north winter.
Feature three:
On water heater, a level crossing (11) is installed, as Fig. 2, its lower end is connected with loose-leaf (12) and water heater upper end, and the two ends of middle bent pole are connected two sides at level crossing (11) middle part and two sides in the middle part of the water heater.Like this, level crossing (11) just can rotate around the axle of loose-leaf (12), can form any angle with the water heater end face and maintain static, thereby the top cover (2) that always sunshine (14) can be reflexed to water heater is gone up and transmission enters to produce hot water.
The beneficial effect that above-mentioned feature produces is:
1, can will utilize the area of sunshine to increase more than 500%～100%, even consider specular reflectivity 0.86～0.92, accept the energy of sunshine on the same heat collector surface, also to increase about 50%～100%, thereby can make same water heater generation equal original half as much again and arrive double hot water, these have all obtained experiment confirm.
2, cost is low.Only 10～15 yuan of every square metre of retail prices of glass planar mirror of thick 3mm, the framework around adding, every square metre also only 20～30 yuan.
Feature four:
Make " cover " with transparent material, whole water heater (comprising level crossing (11) and support (15)) is all shrouded inside, whole water heater (comprising and the contact position, ground) is among the greenhouse, almost completely sealing around the greenhouse.Because of water heater transparent cover plate (2) the inside itself is exactly a greenhouse, so this transparent cover can be described as dual greenhouse (16), see Fig. 2, the simplest dual greenhouse is exactly a polybag that transparent plastic film is made, and is set to be equivalent to form a hot house on the agricultural on the water heater.
One deck or which floor translucent cover (air layer is arranged between every two-layer translucent cover) also can be overlapped in outside, dual greenhouse, just form " multiple green house (16) " (the detailed structure of multiple green house (16) not being drawn among Fig. 2), dual or multiple green house comprises the balcony in house, for example: water heater transparent cover plate the inside is " first reviews the chamber ", the water heater outside is overlapped a translucent cover again becomes " second reviews the chamber ", and the balcony in house then forms in " triple greenhouses ".Sensitive surface (direct sunkissed one side) dual or multiple green house must be made by transparent material, and other face can be made of opaque material, and the most handy insulation material is made.
Beneficial effect dual or that multiple green house produces is:
1, experiment proves: the temperature of the inside, dual greenhouse, can reach winter more than 25 ℃, and " the triple greenhouses of balcony " can reach (at this moment ambient air temperature is at-1～10 ℃) more than 37 ℃, summer can be near 50 ℃ (about 25 ℃ of ambient air temperatures), even be higher than the temperature of hot water in the water heater, thereby greatly reduced the temperature difference of water heater and environment, thereby reduced radiation loss, also can avoid the radiation loss of drying and causing, these two has all further improved the thermal efficiency again significantly, and this has obtained experiment confirm.The result of experiment confirm is as follows: the instantaneous collecting efficiency formula of plate solar heat hydrophone is: η=(τ α) b-k z(t b-t k)/I is because dual greenhouse makes environment temperature t k＞t b(thermal-arrest plate plate temperature, i.e. water temperature) is so second :-k (t b-t kSo)/I 〉=0 is η 〉=(τ α) b=τ α/[1-(1-α) ρ m]+(1-τ α) α 1, cover transmitance τ=0.93 or 0.94 of polyvinyl fluoride transparent membrane, spectrum is selected coating absorptivity α=0.94-0.98, individual layer capping diffuse reflectance ρ preferably m=0.16, get transmitance τ α=e -KL=0.823, empirical coefficient α 1=0.15, with these data substitution following formulas, calculate η 〉=(τ α) b=90.92%, add second in the η formula, η＞90.92% as can be known, and the efficiency eta=60-70% of contemporary state-of-the-art glass-vacuum tube water heater (above content also has more detailed special paper and laboratory report).
2, dual or multiple green house also can make water heater exempt from the pollution of dust, sleet and birds droppings, and the damage that exempts from hail, even the corrosion of moisture, makes the water heater drying that keeps clean for a long time, can increase the service life greatly.
3, cost is low, and only about one meter, as the transparent plastic bag in dual greenhouse, size is only slightly bigger for pot-type boiler length and width, and its cost has only 1～2 yuan/, even how much/.Therefore 1 year or some months are changed once also very economical.And balcony then fully no longer increases cost as multiple green house.
4, operation is very convenient, and polybag is set up on water heater, takes off, and operates very simple and convenient.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the vertical section structural map of the heat collector of existing flat plate solar water heater.
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are the basic structure vertical section structural maps of heat collector of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the basic structure vertical section structural map of semitransparent black liquid interlayer.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 are the transparent water tank (6) that newly adds of the present invention or the shape of cross section figure of water honeycomb.
Fig. 8 is with the link together vertical section structural map of the circulating water heater that constitutes of heat collector of the present invention and water storage box (17).
Fig. 9 is the vertical section structural map of unsteady flow amount constant temperature delivery water formula water heater of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the basic block diagram that large tracts of land of the present invention produces a large amount of Cheap solar energy boiling water, hot water continuously.
Figure 11 builds the profile stereogram that the water tank type that forms is implemented structure with heat collector horizontal positioned, water tank (1) with the solid material manufacturing or in ground shoveling or fill.
Figure 12 is water channel formula heat collector in the described enforcement structure of Figure 11 (long more a lot ofs' than roomy) a profile stereogram.
Figure 13 is the vertical section structural map of heat collector in the described enforcement structure of Figure 11, Figure 12.
The specific embodiment
With the use that organically combines of above four new basic structural features, to improving the thermal efficiency and reducing cost more effective.And four different organic assembling also can produce more beneficial effect.Through scrutinizing and testing, the present invention chooses 8 preferred specific embodiments altogether, now is respectively described below.
Embodiment one, the passive solarenergy water heater
Its essential structure adds water storage box no longer in addition just as Fig. 2 or shown in Figure 3, and structure is simple especially.Its detailed structure, operation principle and beneficial effect are in above explanation.
In practicality, be simplified structure, can not want water tank (7) yet, the transparent water tank (6) that only keeps end face gets final product.But, just should keep water tank (7) if lay special stress on improves the thermal efficiency.
For satisfying practical needs, only need length and width and thickness (they decision collector area and water capacity) with water tank (1), water tank (6), and corresponding level crossing (11) and dual greenhouse (16), make suitable size and get final product.For example, the water heater of family expenses is about the about 1～1.5m of length and width of water tank (6), water tank (7), about thick 10cm.About wide about 1～1.5m of level crossing (11), long 1～2m, big or small supporting with water heater.Dual greenhouse (16) can entangle whole water heater and get final product, also big or small supporting with water heater.
In order better to suppress cross-ventilation heat waste and long-wave radiation loss, and control water temperature, improve the thermal efficiency, the cross section of water tank (6) or water honeycomb also can make different shape, for example: Fig. 5 is corrugation shape or corrugated, Fig. 6 is solid matter tubular (being that water tank (6) is made of close arrangement of a series of pipelines), and Fig. 7 is double-deck honeycomb shape.
Embodiment two, solar boiler
With the thickness of the water tank among Fig. 2, Fig. 3 (1) do very thin, be thinned to and have only several millimeters to tens millimeters, for example, from 2～20mm, just can the water in the water tank (1) is boiled, and become solar boiler, it is the special case of solar water heater.Experiment proves: in the Xining, Qinghai Province of north latitude 37 degree, the severe cold areas that this is Qinghai-Tibet, the coldest winter, also can be boiled in the minimum winter solstice of solar radiation quantity (December 22).Every day in summer can be boiled about 10 times.
The collector area of solar boiler (being the surface area of water tank (1)) also can make all size, but the boiling water of the various water yields of output.If long 0.5～1m, about wide 0.5～0.7m, it is small and exquisite, light just can to become, set up carrying handle on it, just can make portable, be placed on the balcony of family or the windowsill and boil water., each can produce 2kg (one five pounds vacuum flask), 3kg (one eight pounds vacuum flask) at every turn, or 5kg, 8kg boiling water.One three mouthfuls or family of four only need this " the portable balcony solar boiler of family expenses " of 23 kg, and be just enough, only 50～60 yuan of each costs.This boiler is Success in Experiment, and has dropped into long-term actual the use, and is very convenient and economical.
Embodiment three, the portable balcony solar water heater of family expenses
Get the size Control of the water tank among Fig. 2, Fig. 3 (1) less, for example thick about 5～10cm, be about 0.2～1m, wide about 0.2～0.7m, making its water capacity is 5kg, 7.5kg, 10kg, 15kg etc., just become a kind of small-sized, light water heater, can make portable, for being placed on the balcony of family or manufacture hot water on the windowsill.After hot water is burned, mentions kitchen or toilet and use.Each cost is dozens of yuan only also.Can solve the hot water that family daily life need be used.
The most families in China city all will go to the boiling water room to fetch boiling water every day, and the boiling water carried of people weighs tens kilograms sometimes, and roundtrip is far, and some also will bear a heavy burden and mention the 5,6th buildings, equally also will hand over the boiling water expense, use but carry mainly still when hot water wash.But most families still are unwilling to buy thousand yuan solar vacuum-tube water heater.
Embodiment two, three described small-sized solar boilers, water heater are at this reality design of fetching boiling water, and hope can alleviate this heavy living burden of people.
Embodiment two, three illustrates that also solar energy is opened, water heater should develop to the direction of on balcony using, and as being placed on now a lot of difficulties and inconvenience (particular problem is a lot, no longer describes in detail) is arranged on the roof, makes most of users be unwilling to use.
Embodiment four, the loop solar water heater
Water tank (1) in Fig. 2, the heat collector shown in Figure 3 is connected and is communicated with water storage box (17) resembles Fig. 7, just can make water carry out temperature difference circulation by thermosiphon principle, water in the heating water storage box (17), thereby constitute a kind of loop solar water heater, its outward appearance and existing flat plate solar water heater are similar, but its performance is as mentioned before, far better.
Embodiment five, unsteady flow amount constant temperature delivery water formula solar water heater
As shown in Figure 9: there are water inlet (21) and delivery port (22) in the two ends of the water tank in the heat collector (1), and also there are water inlet (23) and delivery port (24) in the two ends of water tank (6).After water reaches the temperature that needs, just can release use from delivery port (22), delivery port (24) respectively, the structure of intake-outlet and outside relevant pipeline etc., can adopt structure same as the prior art, also can adopt following new structure: the water inlet (23) of water tank (6) links with the lower end of one " stilligout ", the structure of stilligout is identical with the medical stilligout structure of beating garter to patient, and the upper end of stilligout and another cold water storage cistern link.Stilligout makes the water yield in the cold water storage cistern controllably flow into water tank (6), the water yield is controlled to be made very for a short time, makes water form very thin one deck, slowly flows in water tank (6), and be heated, flow into another boiler that is linked to water tank (6) lower end from delivery port (24) at last.The advantage of this structure is: the water in the water tank (6) is very thin, and to the obstruction of sunlight or absorb very for a short time, the water that flows again can be constantly becomes useful hot water with the heat radiation secondary recovery at water tank (1) top.
With an important difference of existing constant temperature delivery water water heater be: the water temperature in water tank (1) and the water tank (6) can be different.The water temperature of water tank (1) is higher than water tank (6), and for example: the controlled water temperature in the water tank (1) is the hot water that scalds built in 50～60 ℃, reaches this water temperature and just puts down, and pours into cold water again.Also can make it reach 100 ℃ and become boiling water.And the controlled water temperature of water tank (6) puts down and can just directly use built in about 40 ℃, also can be controlled in about 30～35 ℃, becomes the water of preheating, can put down to pour in the water tank (1) to heat again.So just can guarantee that the heat collector top cover (2) and the temperature difference of environment become littler, even be higher than environment temperature (if putting dual greenhouse (16)), thereby make the thermal efficiency of heat collector higher.
Embodiment six, above-mentioned various water heaters, boiler are attached on the window in house, particularly on the window of balcony: its strong point can be connected on window four limits and near the wall and ceiling thereof, also hot water, boiler and window can be made overall structure, become " solar energy water-boiling, water heater window ", and water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe is connected with toilet, kitchen.It is also inequality with " wall-hanging ".This is again mode---the architecture-integral structure of solar energy and balcony windows that a kind of solar energy combines with building.
Embodiment seven, and large tracts of land produces a large amount of Cheap solar energy boiling water, hot water continuously
With Fig. 2 or heat collector shown in Figure 3 do very long, promptly long more than roomy, for example, as shown in figure 10: longly can reach tens meters, hundreds of rice, even several kilometers, tens kilometers since 1 meter.50km for example.And widely have only several meters, as 0.2～5 meter.The wide of corresponding level crossing (11) also has only 0.2～10m, but long also from 0.2m～50km, and be supporting with heat collector.The size in dual greenhouse (16) is also supporting with it, whole device can be covered.
Water inlet (21) is located at an end of the water tank (1) of heat collector, on water tank (1), every certain-length, establishes a delivery port (22), and a plurality of delivery ports (22) are promptly arranged, and they are communicated with heat preservation hot waterpipe (25) respectively.Equally, delivery port (23) is located at an end of the water tank (6) of heat collector, and on water tank (6), a plurality of delivery ports (24) are also established one every certain-length, also is communicated with heat preservation hot waterpipe (26) respectively.
Like this, cold water flows into water tank (1), water tank (6) from water inlet (21), water inlet (23) respectively continuously, and continuous-flow therein, by sunshine be heated to temperature required after, continuously flow into hot water pipeline (25) and hot water pipeline (26) respectively from a plurality of delivery ports (22) and a plurality of delivery port (24) again, be transported to and make use.
Like this, just can realize that large tracts of land utilizes solar energy, produce a large amount of cheap boiling water or hot water continuously, produce great economic benefit, calculating shows: the cost of boiling water of Chan Shenging or hot water even can compete mutually with opening of burning of coal or natural gas, hot water like this.
Device shown in Figure 10 can be arranged on the roof of building of bed rearrangement bed rearrangement, also can be placed on whole whole barren hillside or waste ground, or by the suitable road, by the river, hot water boiling water in order to extensive generation cheapness, not only can use, even can use, and then even can use for the city of bed rearrangement bed rearrangement for a zone in whole work unit, city for the bed rearrangement building.
Embodiment eight, water tank type or water channel formula
Also can be with Fig. 2 or closing-sunning type water heater or boiler horizontal positioned shown in Figure 3, then the end face of water tank (1) and water tank (6) does not need sealing, can not leak yet.So the end face of air honeycomb (8) and water tank (6) can be made into an integral body, not fixedly connected with water tank (6), but swim on the water surface of water tank (6), and can the lifting with the lifting of water level.Equally, the end face (5) of water tank (1) also can be in aggregates, not fixedly connected with water tank (1) with air honeycomb (3) making, but swim on the water surface of water tank (1), with water surface fluctuation.
The beneficial effect of this scheme is: can reduce the processing charges of water tank (1), water tank (6), and save support (15) and expense thereof, increase stability etc.Lying in a horizontal plane in can not influence the effect that heat collector surface is accepted sunshine summer, winter is adverse effect (10%～20%) slightly, but owing to there is level crossing (11) reflective, also can eliminate this adverse effect fully, can also increase sunshine equally and utilize area 50%～100%.
Such scheme can be further expanded as follows:
On the ground, earth is dug out the formation on-swimmer's pool, also can build on the ground and carry, form on-swimmer's pool, be generally rectangle, more a lot of than roomy as Figure 11 as the length of on-swimmer's pool, just form the shallow water canal, as Figure 12.
The vertical section structure of pond or water channel is gone up heat-insulation layer (4) at the inside pad of earth (28) all as shown in figure 13, as rock wool and so on, is dirt cheap.On the bottom surface of heat-insulation layer (4) and four sides, available cement is built and is constituted on-swimmer's pool or shallow water canal, is equivalent to original water tank (1) (intake-outlet is arranged on it, do not draw among Figure 11～Figure 13), just end face not.All enclose semitransparent black liquid interlayer (Figure 11 at its bottom surface upper surface and four medial surfaces, Figure 12, do not draw among Figure 13), with a transparent plate or film, its upper surface is enclosed transparent air honeycomb (3) and is made an integral body, swim on the water surface that pond or water channel are water tank (1) as end face, can lifting with the lifting of the water surface.
(size shape and water tank (1) are supporting for the water tank that the bottom surface is made by transparent material (6) again, generally thinner), place on the honeycomb (3), a middle air layer at interval, transparent air honeycomb (8) is made an integral body with a transparent panel or film, float on the water surface of water tank (6) as end face, also can lifting with water surface fluctuation.Water tank still has intake-outlet on (6), does not draw among Figure 11～Figure 13.Top rotating level crossing (11) (having support (13) and support (29) to support) and dual greenhouse (16) of in the same old way mixing of this water tank type or water channel formula solar water heater.
The beneficial effect of this scheme is: 1, the attached semitransparent black liquid interlayer of bottom surface and medial surface, and in original technology " brine pit " and the on-swimmer's pool of inwall japanning or black plastic film, hot property is better, add the water honeycomb or Water tank (6), level crossing (11) and dual greenhouse (16), the thermal efficiency is higher, utilizes the area of sunshine more Greatly.
2, pond or the water channel with very big collector area built in shoveling or fill, builds easily technically, becomes Originally much lower, than making easy and cheap many of metal and plastic cistern, generation is greatly continuously more to be conducive to large tracts of land Amount Cheap solar energy boiling water, hot water are than the more cheap and easier maximization of the scheme of embodiment six.
Embodiment six, embodiment seven described schemes can at first be tried in the especially abundant place of China's solar energy resources Point, for example: Beijing and city on every side thereof, Yunnan Province, Tibet, Inner Mongol, and Hexi Corridor in Gansu ground Dunhuang, Jiayuguan and the Jiuquan in district.
Site inspection shows: Dunhuang, the Jiayu Pass and Jiuquan are Gobi desert barren beach and grassland on every side entirely, and complete here Year only has several days cloudy daies, and all the other all are fine. Therefore have ready conditions fully and with said method these three cities are realized Solar energy water-boiling, hot water are supplied with in the bed rearrangement city. Not only can supply people's lives boiling water, hot water, even can be for industry Produce and use hot water, comprise the used hot water of heater unit in winter. Fully can be with it as one of China's development of the West Regions Individual emphasis scientific and technological industry pilot project.
Solar water heater of the present invention should be the 4th generation solar water heater, believe that it replaces the most at last Present prevailing glass-vacuum tube and heat pipe solar energy water heater (third generation). And realize mentioned above Long-term goal: i.e. the people's lives of the whole society and industrial boiling water, hot water, mainly supplied with cost by solar energy Can be lower than boiling water, the hot water of coal, natural gas burning. Make in the solar thermal utilization energy resource structure in the whole society and occupy Bigger ratio, has impact of overall importance.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of flat plate solar water heater, it is made of opaque water tank (1), transparent cap (2), transparent air honeycomb (3), heat-insulation layer (4) and support (15), on the outer surface of the upper bottom surface (5) of water tank (1), scribble the black spectrum selective paint, it is characterized in that: A, between top cover (2) and honeycomb (3), water tank (6) is installed, its upper and lower bottom surface is made by transparent material, outer surface at upper bottom surface, also with transparent air honeycomb (8), water tank has intake-outlet on (6); B, in the middle of the end, side heat-insulation layer, also increased water tank (7), intake-outlet is also arranged on it, water tank (7) is communicated with or is not communicated with water tank (6).
2, flat plate solar water heater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the upper bottom surface (5) and the bottom surface (10) of water tank (1) are also made of transparent material, the outer surface of upper bottom surface (5) is the coating black spectrum selective paint no longer, at the outer surface or the direct coating black spectrum selective paint of inner surface of bottom surface (10) or enclose " semitransparent black liquid interlayer ", this interlayer upper bottom surface (18) is plate or the film (can be exactly the transparent bottom surface (10) of water tank (1)) that transparent material is made, bottom surface (19) is opaque or transparent plate or film, on, bottom surface is fitted, sealing all around, intermediate hollow forms interlayer, import and export (20) are arranged on the interlayer, be full of black liquor (27) in the middle of the interlayer.
3, flat plate solar water heater according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the lower end of level crossing (11) is connected with the upper end of loose-leaf (12) with water heater, the two ends of the pole (13) that the centre is bent are connected two sides, middle part of level crossing (11) and two sides at water heater middle part respectively, level crossing (11) can be rotated around the axle of loose-leaf (12), and can maintain static at arbitrary angle.
4, flat plate solar water heater according to claim 3 is characterized in that: whole water heater (containing level crossing (11), support (15)) is placed among the dual or multiple green house (16) (balcony that comprises the house) that sensitive surface made by transparent material.
5, flat plate solar water heater according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the thickness of water tank (1) is 2～20mm.
6, flat plate solar water heater according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the length of heat collector and water tank wherein (1), water tank (6) is 0.2～1m, and wide is 0.2～0.7m, on this device carrying handle is arranged.
7, flat plate solar water heater according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the water tank in the water heater (1) is connected with storage tank (17).
8, flat plate solar water heater according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: with the strong point of water heater and the window in house (the particularly window of balcony) and near wall and ceiling be connected, be about to the water heater formation " sun boiling water, water heater window " that combines with the window of house (particularly balcony).
9, flat plate solar water heater according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the length of A, heat collector and water tank wherein (1), water tank (6) is 0.2m～50km, wide is 0.2m～5m, the length of corresponding level crossing (11) also is 0.2m～50km, wide is 0.2m～10m, and corresponding size dual or multiple green house (16) also can cover whole device; B, water inlet (21) are located at an end of water tank (1), a plurality of delivery ports (22) are arranged on the water tank (1), be communicated with pipeline (25) respectively, water inlet (23) is located at an end of water tank (6), a plurality of delivery ports (24) are arranged on the water tank (6), be communicated with pipeline (26) respectively.C, can connect by (also can not according to) following mode: the water inlet (23) of water tank (6) is connected with the stilligout lower end, and the stilligout upper end is communicated with another cold water storage cistern, and the delivery port (24) of water tank (6) is communicated with another boiler.
10, flat plate solar water heater according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: water tank (1) (or being pond or water channel) is made by solid material or is cut the earth on the ground or fill is built and formed, the upper surface of its bottom surface and medial surface are with the semitransparent black liquid interlayer, transparent air honeycomb (3) is attached to and constitutes an integral body on a transparent plate or the film, swim on the water surface of water tank (1), following water-level lifting and lifting, transparent air honeycomb (8) is attached to and constitutes an integral body on a transparent plate or the film, swim on the water surface of water tank (6) following water-level lifting and lifting.
CNB03103084XA 2003-01-30 2003-01-30 Improved plate type solar water heater Expired - Fee Related CN100491863C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB03103084XA CN100491863C (en) 2003-01-30 2003-01-30 Improved plate type solar water heater

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB03103084XA CN100491863C (en) 2003-01-30 2003-01-30 Improved plate type solar water heater

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1521472A true CN1521472A (en) 2004-08-18
CN100491863C CN100491863C (en) 2009-05-27

Family

ID=34281957

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB03103084XA Expired - Fee Related CN100491863C (en) 2003-01-30 2003-01-30 Improved plate type solar water heater

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN100491863C (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104501431A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-08 芜湖贝斯特新能源开发有限公司 Flat-plate solar thermal collector
CN108225085A (en) * 2018-03-08 2018-06-29 天津市天商冰源科技发展有限公司 A kind of novel jacketed type exchanger

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104501431A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-08 芜湖贝斯特新能源开发有限公司 Flat-plate solar thermal collector
CN108225085A (en) * 2018-03-08 2018-06-29 天津市天商冰源科技发展有限公司 A kind of novel jacketed type exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN100491863C (en) 2009-05-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Evangelisti et al. Latest advances on solar thermal collectors: A comprehensive review
Ahmadi et al. Recent residential applications of low-temperature solar collector
Ahamed et al. Energy saving techniques for reducing the heating cost of conventional greenhouses
Smyth et al. Integrated collector storage solar water heaters
Cao et al. Renewable and sustainable strategies for improving the thermal environment of Chinese solar greenhouses
Daniels Direct use of the sun's energy
Notton et al. Performances and numerical optimization of a novel thermal solar collector for residential building
CN104412047A (en) Insulating glass style solar heat collector and building using solar energy for heating and cooling employing same
CN110274294A (en) New type solar energy and air energy combined heat heating system
CN102207340B (en) Light-condensing type solar water heater
Xia et al. Performance of a new active solar heat storage–release system for Chinese assembled solar greenhouses used in high latitudes and cold regions
Kasaeian et al. Solar energy systems: An approach to zero energy buildings
CN202514359U (en) Greenhouse with energy-saving thermal insulation structure used in cold region
CN2542990Y (en) Improved flat-plate solar water heater
Madhlopa et al. Experimental study of temperature stratification in an integrated collector–storage solar water heater with two horizontal tanks
CN209639102U (en) New type solar energy and air energy combined heat heating system
CN202581875U (en) Composite solar panel with heat-collecting and heat-insulating integration
Meegoda et al. Design, fabrication and testing of an inexpensive solar water heater
CN109695909A (en) Across season high-efficiency solar storage heating heating refrigeration electricity generation system
CN100491863C (en) Improved plate type solar water heater
CN107227792A (en) Between a kind of novel sunlight
CN101067513A (en) Multiple green house solar energy heat utilizing device combined with building
CN208564880U (en) New type solar energy heat generating system
CN201081426Y (en) Novel and practical product utilizing solar heat in special multiplex green house
Short et al. A solar pond for heating greenhouses and rural residences—a preliminary report

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C17 Cessation of patent right
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20090527

Termination date: 20100130