CN1512286A - Solar energy power device and its maximum power point tracing and control method - Google Patents
Solar energy power device and its maximum power point tracing and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses one solar energy power source device and the maximum solar energy power source power point tracing and controlling method. In the device, the output of the solar cell is fed to power converter, and between the solar cell and the power converter, voltage detector and current detector are connected to acquire voltage signal and current signal, which are fed to the power control unit. The power control unit is connected to the PWM control unit, the PWM control unit drives via the drive unit the power converter, and power converter is connected to load to output power. The output current detector between the power converter and the load detects the output current, which is fed back to the PWM control unit. The present invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and fast control speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of supply unit that utilizes sun power, be particularly related to and a kind ofly can regulate output voltage and electric current according to the sunlight intensity and the solar cell environment temperature that incide on the solar panel, make it to always work in the solar energy power source apparatus of the maximum power point under this environment, while also relates to and makes solar energy power source apparatus always work in the tracking and controlling method of its maximum power point under different ambient conditions, belongs to the sun-generated electric power technical field.
Background technology
Sun power is a kind of prime energy of cleanliness without any pollution, both can alleviate the crisis of primary energy, can improve the ecological environment greatly again.Simple solar water pump has abroad just been arranged in 1975.Since the eighties, developed country such as Europe, the U.S. and Japan and domestic priority have been developed solar power supply system and solar illuminating system.In order to make full use of solar energy resources, the power-supply system major part of having developed has adopted the MPPT maximum power point tracking control technology.This technology is such: as shown in Figure 1,1A curve among the figure is output current-output voltage relation curve, the 1B curve is output power-output voltage relation curve, as can be seen from the figure, under certain environment, the output power of solar power supply system changes to some extent along with the difference of output voltage, and a maximum power point is wherein arranged, the power of solar panel externally output maximum under this dotted state.Figure 2 shows that the solar cell output voltage-current characteristics curve that changes with the incident sunlight intensity.Figure 3 shows that with environment temperature change solar cell output voltage-current characteristics curve.As can be seen from the figure, the output voltage of solar cell and output current can change with the variation of incident sun light intensity and environment temperature, and corresponding, the output power of solar cell also can change thereupon.Therefore, be necessary to develop the output voltage and the output current that solar panel and carry out dynamic adjustments, so that it always works in its maximum power point or near the control technology it, i.e. solar panel MPPT maximum power point tracking control technology.At present, people have done a lot of work on the one hand at this, the U.S. Pat 5268832 that Toshiba Corp's 1993 applications are more typically arranged, the U.S. Pat 5719758 of Hirofumi Nakata application in 1998, the U.S. Pat 6046919 of Masaki Madenokouji application in 2000, Chinese patent CN 01264201 that the Zhao Zhengming of domestic Tsing-Hua University applied in 2000 or the like.Above patent adopts diverse ways to realize the Power Conversion control and the maximal power tracing of sun-generated electric power are controlled respectively.Fig. 4 is the control block diagram of CN 01264201, and it utilizes the tracking Control of digital signal processor realization to the sun-generated electric power peak power.There is a common deficiency in said method: the peak power control implementation method more complicated of sun-generated electric power, and all need to utilize computing machine or digital signal processor to realize that cost is than higher, but speed is slow.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel sun-generated electric power transposition, this device can be regulated its output voltage and electric current according to inciding the sunlight intensity on the solar panel and the change dynamics of solar panel environment temperature, makes it to always work in the maximum power point under this environment.
Another object of the present invention provides the sun-generated electric power maximum power point-tracing control method that a kind of and above-mentioned new type solar energy supply unit matches.
For realizing above-mentioned goal of the invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of solar energy power source apparatus comprises solar cell, it is characterized in that:
Described solar energy power source apparatus also has current detector, voltage-level detector, power converter, output current detector, power control unit, PWM control module and driver element;
The output of solar cell connects power converter, between solar cell and power converter, be connected to voltage-level detector and current detector, voltage-level detector and current detector connect power control unit, power control unit connects the PWM control module, the PWM control module connects driver element, the described power converter of drive unit drives, power converter external load, be connected to the output current detector between power converter and load, described output current detector is connected with the PWM control module.
A kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned solar energy power source apparatus to realize the control of sun-generated electric power MPPT maximum power point tracking comprises the steps:
(1) respectively the output voltage and the output current of solar cell are demarcated conversion by voltage conversion circuit in the power control unit and current conversion circuit, the output of voltage conversion circuit is designated as U1 after conversion, and the output of current conversion circuit is designated as U2;
(2) U1 and U2 enter in the comparator circuit and compare;
(3) the threshold voltage Ug that provides of result that comparator circuit is drawn and threshold circuit compares, and the result sends into the output current given circuit;
(4) the output current given circuit divides following different situations adjustment external output, thereby realizes MPPT maximum power point tracking control:
A. when U1-U2＞Ug, the output of output current given circuit increases;
B. when U1-U2＜-during Ug, the output of output current given circuit reduces;
C. when-Ug＜U1-U2＜Ug, the output of output current given circuit remains unchanged.
Solar energy power source apparatus of the present invention is compared with conventional device, and it is much simple that circuit structure is wanted, and therefore can reduce the cost of device.Utilize maximum power point-tracing control method of the present invention, because its step obtains simplification, will be to the tracking Control speed of maximum power point faster than existing method.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the output characteristic curve figure of solar cell.
Figure 2 shows that the solar cell output voltage-current characteristics curve that changes with the incident sunlight intensity.
Figure 3 shows that with environment temperature change solar cell output voltage-current characteristics curve.
Fig. 4 is the control block diagram of Chinese patent CN 01264201.
Fig. 5 is the system chart of solar energy power source apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of power control unit in the supply unit.
Figure 7 shows that the simplest a kind of linear-apporximation translation circuit.
Fig. 8 is the solar array voltage-electric current output characteristic curve figure under the virgin state.
Fig. 9 is the solar array voltage-electric current output characteristic curve figure through the demarcation conversion.
Figure 10 and shown in Figure 11 be the relation of corresponding point among the solar array voltage-electric current output characteristic curve figure that demarcates before and after the conversion.
Figure 12 is the process flow diagram of the method for sun-generated electric power MPPT maximum power point tracking control of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 5 is the system chart of solar energy power source apparatus of the present invention.This device comprises solar cell, current detector, voltage-level detector, power converter, output current detector, power control unit, PWM control module and driver element.Wherein the output of solar cell is sent in the power converter.On the circuit between solar cell and the power converter, be connected to voltage-level detector and current detector.Voltage signal and current signal that voltage-level detector and current detector collect are sent in the power control unit.Power control unit connects the PWM control module, and the PWM control module connects driver element.By the drive unit drives power converter.Power converter connects load and externally exports.An output current detector is arranged on the circuit between power converter and the load.It surveys output current, and feeds back in the PWM control module.By the connection between each unit, the electric energy that solar cell produces is through the power converter supply load or be connected to the grid.Above-mentioned power converter can be DC/DC transducer or DC/AC transducer.Current detector, voltage-level detector, output current detector, PWM control module and driver element are existing ripe circuit, have not just given unnecessary details at this.
In this solar energy power source apparatus, power control unit is the core of realizing MPPT maximum power point tracking control.Fig. 6 is the theory diagram of power control unit.It comprises voltage conversion circuit, current conversion circuit, comparator circuit, threshold circuit and several parts of output current given circuit.Wherein voltage conversion circuit connects above-mentioned voltage detector, and its function is to realize the demarcation conversion of solar cell output voltage, and current conversion circuit connects above-mentioned current probe, and its function is to realize the demarcation conversion of solar cell output current.The output voltage of voltage conversion circuit is designated as U1, and the output voltage of current conversion circuit is designated as U2, and they insert in the comparator circuit jointly, are finished the comparison of U1 and U2 by comparator circuit.The output of comparator circuit connects threshold circuit, and the threshold voltage Ug that its output and threshold circuit provide compares.Threshold voltage is a predefined as required less voltage.The output current given circuit that is connected with threshold circuit is according to the external output of following control law adjustment:
(1) when U1-U2＞Ug, the output of output current given circuit increases;
(2) when U1-U2＜-during Ug, the output of output current given circuit reduces;
(3) when-Ug＜U1-U2＜Ug, the output of output current given circuit remains unchanged.
Hereinbefore, so-called demarcation conversion is meant the process that the solar array voltage under the virgin state shown in Figure 8-electric current output characteristics linear-apporximation is converted to perfect symmetry voltage-electric current output characteristics shown in Figure 9.This process is to finish by linear-apporximation translation circuit shown in Figure 7.Shown in Figure 7 is the simplest a kind of linear-apporximation translation circuit, and it is actually a typical proportions computing circuit based on operational amplifier.The output voltage of solar cell carries out translation transformation earlier, then carries out transformation of scale, thereby realizes needed demarcation conversion.
This solar energy power source apparatus can be realized the peak power output of solar cell by above-mentioned method, be described in detail as follows: Figure 10 is the output characteristics of a kind of solar cell under the virgin state, A on it, B, C, D, E are Working Points of Solar Battery, conversion through voltage conversion circuit and current conversion circuit, the output characteristics of solar cell can be changed into the voltage-electric current output characteristics of perfect symmetry as shown in figure 11, is A1, B1, C1, D1, E1 with A, B before the conversion, C, D, working point that E is corresponding.Owing to be the linear-apporximation conversion, the characteristic of the corresponding solar cell working point of each point there is not change, and promptly A and A1 represent maximum power point respectively in Figure 10 and Figure 11.A1 is ordered and is characterised in that: U1=U2, this is the feature of maximum power point after voltage and current is through the linear-apporximation conversion.In the reality, U1 and U2 are difficult to accomplish equal fully, even if the difference between them is as long as satisfied requirement less than default threshold voltage Ug.B point among Figure 10 and C point are the corresponding working point of thresholding control.Corresponding, the corresponding working point of thresholding control is B1 point and C1 point among Figure 11.
Analyze the course of work of MPPT maximum power point tracking control below in two kinds of situation:
(1) when the original working point of solar cell is D (D1), solar cell working is in the open circuit side, output voltage is bigger, current ratio is less, U1-U2＞Ug after the circuit conversion, the output current given circuit output in the power control unit increases, thereby Working Points of Solar Battery is moved to C (C1), move between B (B1) and the C (C1), till the output of output current given circuit no longer changes until the working point.
(2) when the original working point of solar cell is E (E1), solar cell working is at short circuit end, output voltage is smaller, current ratio is bigger, U1-U2 after the circuit conversion＜-Ug, the output current given circuit output in the power control unit reduces, thereby Working Points of Solar Battery is moved to B (B1), move between B (B1) and the C (C1), till the output of output current given circuit no longer changes until the working point.
It is pointed out that for different solar cells its linear transformation method is different with conversion coefficient, this need be according to the kind of solar cell when the device Installation and Debugging, and the climate parameter of infield and geographic factor are determined.
Claims (5)
1. a solar energy power source apparatus comprises solar cell, it is characterized in that:
Described solar energy power source apparatus also has current detector, voltage-level detector, power converter, output current detector, power control unit, PWM control module and driver element;
The output of solar cell connects power converter, between solar cell and power converter, be connected to voltage-level detector and current detector, voltage-level detector and current detector connect power control unit, power control unit connects the PWM control module, the PWM control module connects driver element, the described power converter of drive unit drives, power converter external load, be connected to the output current detector between power converter and load, described output current detector is connected with the PWM control module.
2. solar energy power source apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described power control unit comprises voltage conversion circuit, current conversion circuit, comparator circuit, threshold circuit and output current given circuit;
Voltage conversion circuit connects described voltage detector, and current conversion circuit connects described current probe, and they insert in the comparator circuit jointly, and the output of comparator circuit connects threshold circuit, and threshold circuit is connected with the output current given circuit.
3. sun-generated electric power transposition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that:
Described voltage conversion circuit and current conversion circuit are a scale operation circuit based on operational amplifier.
4. solar energy power source apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described power converter is DC/DC transducer or DC/AC transducer.
5. a method of utilizing described solar energy power source apparatus to realize the control of sun-generated electric power MPPT maximum power point tracking comprises the steps:
(1) respectively the output voltage and the output current of solar cell are demarcated conversion by voltage conversion circuit in the power control unit and current conversion circuit, the output of voltage conversion circuit is designated as U1 after conversion, and the output of current conversion circuit is designated as U2;
(2) U1 and U2 enter in the comparator circuit and compare;
(3) the threshold voltage Ug that provides of result that comparator circuit is drawn and threshold circuit compares, and the result sends into the output current given circuit;
(4) the output current given circuit divides following different situations adjustment external output, thereby realizes MPPT maximum power point tracking control:
A. when U1-U2＞Ug, the output of output current given circuit increases;
B. when U1-U2＜-during Ug, the output of output current given circuit reduces;
C. when-Ug＜U1-U2＜Ug, the output of output current given circuit remains unchanged.
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| CN100463332C (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2009-02-18 | 孙民兴 | Maximum power tracing method for solar power system and solar power device |
| CN100498636C (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2009-06-10 | 华南理工大学 | Maximum power tracking capture photovoltaic control method with self-adaptive search algorithm |
| CN101105697B (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2010-05-26 | 盈正豫顺电子股份有限公司 | Solar energy generation system maximum power tracking method and device |
| CN101795101A (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2010-08-04 | 北京交通大学 | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control device of photovoltaic generating system |
| CN101253461B (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2010-09-29 | 萨勒诺学习大学 | Single stage inverter device, and related controlling method, for converters of power from energy sources, in particular photovoltaic sources |
| CN101902051A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2010-12-01 | 谢永亮 | Efficient energy conversion device for solar cell panel, array and application method |
| WO2010145061A1 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-23 | 泰通(泰州)工业有限公司 | Solar-panel single-board intelligent control card |
| CN101630697B (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-02-09 | 浙江光益光能科技有限公司 | Maximal power matched transmission converting method and maximal power matched transmission converting device of photovoltaic cell |
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| CN102025291A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-04-20 | 东南大学 | Photovoltaic assembly with MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) module |
| CN101592969B (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-05-04 | 深圳市能联电子有限公司 | Method and device for tracking control of solar electrical energy generation |
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| CN100463332C (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2009-02-18 | 孙民兴 | Maximum power tracing method for solar power system and solar power device |
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| CN100498636C (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2009-06-10 | 华南理工大学 | Maximum power tracking capture photovoltaic control method with self-adaptive search algorithm |
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