CN1503876A - Building construction method using plane lattice typed cable structure - Google Patents
Building construction method using plane lattice typed cable structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN1503876A CN1503876A CNA028084004A CN02808400A CN1503876A CN 1503876 A CN1503876 A CN 1503876A CN A028084004 A CNA028084004 A CN A028084004A CN 02808400 A CN02808400 A CN 02808400A CN 1503876 A CN1503876 A CN 1503876A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/14—Suspended roofs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D11/00—Suspension or cable-stayed bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
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Abstract
Disclosed is a construction method using plane lattice type cable structure. The plane lattice type cable structure is in the form of a wire net that main cables and hanger cables cross each other, and used in a long span bridge, a steel-framed multi-stage building, a large-sized shell structure and large-sized transmission towers. The plane lattice type cable structure can be installed to the bridge without installing main towers, installed to the steel-framed multi-stage building without installing interior pillars, and installed to the shell structure without installing supporting pillars for supporting the shell structure. Additionally, in case of the large-sized transmission towers, instead of the large-sized transmission towers, a plurality of small-sized transmission pillars can be used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the relevant content of utilizing the structure construction worker method of plane lattice shape cable structure.In more detail, the long-span bridge beam, the steelframe multi-story, framework (shell) structure and large-scale power transmission tower etc. utilize the content of relevant worker's method of plane lattice shape cable structure construction structure thing, to be the hawser utilization be arranged on hawser fixing device setting on the bridge pier by the lattice shape of horizontal plane to long-span bridge beam (suspension bridge or cable stayed bridge), be connected and fixed a plurality of bridge panels on above-mentioned plane lattice shape hawser top, king-tower is not set and builds the bridge of striding the footpath greatly, the steelframe multi-story is in steelframe bottom, above-mentioned floor plane lattice shape hawser to be fixedly installed on the external upright after finishing a plurality of external upright and floor steelframe, the inner leg and the floor of constructing are not set in addition, framework (shell) structure is the plane lattice shape hawser that awning structure pillar and connecting struts are set, crossbeam is set, after hinge beam and the vertical beam, framework (shell) structure as ceiling is arranged on hawser top, be not provided with in addition as the middle buttress brace of crossbeam or vertical beam large-scale framework (shell) structure of also constructing, power transmission tower is that minimum transmission of electricity replaces large-scale power transmission tower with pillar, so connect electric wire and divide the load of distribution wire not need to be provided with large-scale power transmission tower with the thermal insulator hawser above-mentioned transmission of electricity is provided with plane lattice shape hawser with pillar after, various structure are by the content of the relevant structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of the form construction of the hawser support of plane lattice shape structure.
Background technique
After when utilizing traditional hawser to build the long-span bridge beam such as on Fig. 1 bridge pier or the bridge post 104 a plurality of king-towers 10 and bridge panel 105 being set, the hawser 20 that connects above-mentioned king-tower and bridge panel is by radiation, harp shape, cable stayed bridge or suspension bridge form that fan shape etc. are provided with.So the bridge construction form be hang on the hawser bridge panel form connection and the external load that is added on the bridge panel is communicated to king-tower by the hawser that connects, thereby realize the structural feature that the long-span bridge beam is built.
But, above-mentioned bridge construction form is in order to erect the king-tower that is used for fixing hawser or engages hinge, need huge spanning equipment setting operation (bridge during across the river of wide cut degree for king-tower is set, the river intermediate demand is provided with the king-tower basis, to carry out vacation for the basis that king-tower is set and block the water construction, block the water construction and will build the other road that sets up for so false along the river amplitude, thus so the king-tower setup fee to be used in ratio shared in the bridge substructure thing construction cost quite high.), long more its in footpath of striding of bridge highly also can only increase more because king-tower supports the major part load that is added on the bridge, so increase and the incidence rate height of various security incidents according to these high-altitude applications.Especially, the suspension bridge form is to stride that the footpath is long is more reduced torsion rigidity by wind load etc., increases the bridge construction expense in order to address these problems the thickness that can only increase the bridge panel according to these, and has and limit a lot of structural disadvantages to striding the footpath greatly.
And traditional steelframe multi-story engineering is after a plurality of external upright are set, at the said external pillar crossbeam and vertical beam to be set, the floor (slab) of constructing behind the operated by rotary motion Corrugated Steel above it.But building is high-rise more, can only increase dead load when maximizing, so can only increase the quantity of the inner leg of support floor (slab) load, construction cost can rise thus.Certain method that improves the strength of materials of pillar in addition and reduce each pillar quantity, but have narrow limitation.
And, when constructing framework (shell) structure traditional, on above-mentioned awning structure pillar, a plurality of crossbeams and vertical beam are set after erectting the awning structure pillar, at above-mentioned crossbeam and place ceiling above the vertical beam, be after on the awning structure pillar solid figure truss being set, ceiling to be set as large-scale framework (shell) structure of aeroplane shed.Its construction cost that is provided with according to beam when but crossbeam and vertical beam are set is also rising, and the truss structure thing is set also exists its truss that the high shortcoming of appropriate litigation fees is set.
And, when constructing power transmission tower traditional, with the load of electric wire large-scale power transmission tower is set at a certain distance in order to support jumbo transmission of electricity, exists it that quite high problem of engineering cost is set so so general power transmission tower is provided with through the mountainous region in Korea S's major part.
To this, the present inventor is when building the long-span bridge beam, in order to need not to be provided with the king-tower of connection cable, and solve the problem of torsion rigidity deficiency and invented the structure that hawser is set by plane lattice shape, solve the problem that the long-span bridge beam is built at above-mentioned plane shape hawser top cross structure beam and face, steelframe multi-story engineering is in steelframe bottom, floor plane lattice shape hawser to be set, the floor steelframe bears compressive force and makes hawser bear tension force, only can support the external load that is added on the floor (slab) with floor panel structure does not need a lot of inner leg yet, thereby solve maximization according to the steel frame building thing, the problem of high stratification, framework (shell) structure engineering is the load that above-mentioned plane shape hawser supports the ceiling of passing on by beam after on awning structure pillar and the beam (beam) plane shape hawser of the present invention being set, thereby construction is as framework (shell) structure of large-scale ceiling easily, erect minimum transmission of electricity with pillar and at above-mentioned pillar fixed pan shape hawser during the construction power transmission tower, on above-mentioned plane shape hawser, utilize thermal insulator that the transmission of electricity electric wire is set, thereby need not to be provided with large-scale power transmission tower and save its setup fee usefulness, utilize the plane hawser to support other load structure and omit setting, develop the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure that a lot of structure can economic construction as the medial support structures thing of internal structure pillar.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is as utilizing the building structure of hawser, it is the long-span bridge beam, the steelframe multi-story, the constructions of framework (shell) structure and large-scale power transmission tower etc. are constructed at various structure, utilize plane lattice shape cable structure to minimize the medial support structures thing and finish the content of relevant worker's method of structure
The objective of the invention is the long-span bridge beam and omit the king-tower that hawser is set, be provided with to connect above it behind the hawser by plane lattice shape in order to ensure the rigidity of distortion the bridge panel is set, thereby realization is according to the saving of the engineering cost of king-tower construction and the danger that reduces high-altitude application, by plane lattice shape cross structure beam and face above it is set behind the hawser, the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of the torsion rigidity method that increases above-mentioned bridge panel is provided.
Other purpose of the present invention is that the steelframe multi-story need not to be provided with a plurality of interior pillar of deploying between the external upright, after steelframe bottom, floor is provided with plane lattice shape hawser, replace being arranged on the crossbeam on the inner leg and the effect of vertical beam, thereby large-scale steelframe thing also provides the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of the floor construction method of the high-rise that needs inner leg hardly.
Another other purpose of the present invention is to provide large-scale framework (shell) structure as ceiling to need not to be arranged on the supporting structure thing vertical beam of placing ceiling between the awning structure pillar, crossbeam and solid figure truss, the framework as large-scale ceiling (shell) structure of placing ceiling behind the plane lattice shape hawser above it is set on the beam of ceiling pillar and minimum setting can the economic structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure that is provided with.
Another other purpose of the present invention is to provide plane shape cable structure of the present invention is applicable on the large-scale power transmission tower, elongates distance between the power transmission tower to greatest extent and the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure that can economic construction power transmission tower.
When another other purpose of the present invention is to be fixed in plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention as the stationary support on the bridge pier end, bridge both sides, compensation hawser material is generally iron and steel, and the expansion that takes place according to external environment condition is provided, the method of shrinking, promptly saddle type compensation device or spring connect the shape compensation device.
Kind according to the structure that is suitable for plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention describes example in detail with reference to Fig. 2 to Fig. 8.
Plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention intersects steel wire mutually by grid shape basically, and rod iron or steel cable (strand) back is whole press chain link fence form manufacturing formation.Below the example of the structure kind (long-span bridge beam, steelframe multi-story, large-scale framework (shell) structure and large-scale power transmission tower) of suitable above-mentioned plane lattice shape cable structure is according to standard declaration.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be utilize bridge (cable stayed bridge) elevation that traditional hawser builds for example;
Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b and Fig. 2 c be the instance concepts figure that utilizes the long-span bridge beam that plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention builds with and variation;
The joint method that Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b are arranged on the bridge panel on the plane lattice shape hawser of the present invention with and the instance concepts figure of device;
Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c, Fig. 4 d, Fig. 4 e, Fig. 4 f and Fig. 4 g are the distortion examples that plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention is used in the long-span bridge beam;
Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b are the instance concepts figure that plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention is used in the steelframe multi-story;
Fig. 6 is the instance concepts figure that plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention is used in framework (shell) structure;
Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b are the instance concepts figure that plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention is used in power transmission tower;
Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b are device (saddle type and anchor (anchor) the connect shape) instance graphs of the expansion and the contraction of compensation hawser in plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention.
Main symbol description
10: king-tower 20: hawser
100: the plane lattice shape cable structure that is applicable to the long-span bridge beam
101: main push-towing rope rope 102: the hanger rope rope
103: hawser fixing device 104: the bridge post
105: bridge panel 106: shock strut
107: pitman 108: the hawser fixed hole
109: auxiliary hanger rope rope 110: horizontal main push-towing rope rope
111: inclination main push-towing rope rope
200: the plane lattice shape cable structure that is applicable to the steelframe multi-story
201: main push-towing rope rope 202: the hanger rope rope
203: floor steelframe 204: external upright
300: the plane lattice shape cable structure that is applicable to framework (shell) structure
301: main push-towing rope rope 302: the hanger rope rope
303: awning structure pillar 304: crossbeam
305: vertical beam 306: hinge (hinge) beam
400: the plane lattice shape cable structure that is applicable to large-scale power transmission tower
401: main push-towing rope rope 402: the hanger rope rope
403: transmission of electricity pillar 404: thermal insulator
405: the transmission of electricity electric wire
500: saddle type hawser compensation device 501: thermal expansion spring
502: roller bearing
503: the hawser fulcrum
600: fixing device (anchor) connects shape hawser compensation device
601: fixing device (anchor) 602: thermal expansion spring
Embodiment
" example 1 (long-span bridge beam) "
Fig. 2 a is the concept map that plane lattice shape cable structure 100 of the present invention is applicable on the long-span bridge beam.Main push-towing rope rope 101 is fixed on the hawser fixing device 103 that is provided with at a certain distance in the both sides, river in the plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention across the river, the flexural stress that generates is provided with bridge post 104 in order to eliminate the main push-towing rope rope sag of striding the footpath greatly in the middle of the river.Can adjust the quantity of bridge post 104 and hawser fixing device according to the amplitude in river, bridge post 104 can be set according to the material stiffness of main push-towing rope rope 101, the base form of hawser fixing device and the amplitude (W) in river.
And, prevent that above-mentioned main push-towing rope rope 101 also is provided with perpendicular to main push-towing rope rope 101 at a certain distance to the displacement of perpendicular direction and a plurality of hanger rope ropes 102 of supporting bridge beam and face 105, main push-towing rope rope and hanger rope rope are finished plane lattice shape hawser 100 structures of the present invention by the chain link fence shape setting of grid shape on the whole.
By Vertical direction and by same spacing hanger rope rope 102 is set along the whole length of main push-towing rope rope at Fig. 2 a, but a plurality of hanger rope ropes are arranged on the main push-towing rope rope at a certain distance from both side ends shown in Fig. 2 c, and the direction to the setting of main push-towing rope rope between the hanger rope rope of both side ends is provided with auxiliary hanger rope rope 109 at a certain distance in addition.So structure is not provided with intermediate support according to the main push-towing rope rope that bridge post 104 is provided with, because of wind direction may rock, so shock strut 106 promptly, not that basic of distribution is arranged on the load of the bridge panel on the hawser and the structure of the main push-towing rope rope tension that takes place, but, the shock strut that elimination is rocked by external load (wind etc.) is set purely for the intermediate support of main push-towing rope rope.
The amplitude D of grid shape plane hawser that is arranged on main push-towing rope rope 101 and hanger rope rope 102 is according to the size and the length adjustment of bridge panel 105.Its amplitude is greater than the amplitude of bridge panel 105 at least shown in Fig. 2 a.Therefore do not need to be provided with king-tower 10 with the form of construction work of the cable stayed bridge of erectting king-tower 10 and connection cable 20 or suspension bridge is different, as long as guarantee to support the hawser amplitude (D) of the bridge panel 105 of minimum limit, just not only attractive in appearancely beautiful but also can save the king-tower construction cost, solve the disturbance of disturbance of visual field problem of king-tower, also prevent security incident according to high-lift operation.
The Connecting format of above-mentioned bridge panel 105 is shown in Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b.That is, shown in Fig. 3 a, connect the end that makes the saw shape of bridge panel joint when a plurality of bridge panel is set and engage the back and connect the joint of saw shape and insert pitman 107.Above-mentioned bridge panel is provided with in the building site after using I template beam or the manufacturing of case beam.With the general cable stayed bridge or the different bridge panel of bridge panel of suspension bridge be not to be suspended on the king-tower 10, but the bridge panel places the state on plane lattice shape cable structure top, the bottom of bridge panel is supported by hawser and torsion rigidity does not need greatly, can significantly reduce its thickness so be used in the case beam (girder) of general Stayed Cable Bridge beam and face.And become the hinge bonding state according to the joint bridge panel joint of pitman 107 and obviously reduce the generation of joint negative moment, can rotate freely and the stress that can not bend, have the structural advantages that continuous connection is provided with the long-span bridge beam and face.
Being connected of the hanger rope rope of above-mentioned bridge panel 105 and plane lattice shape cable structure is to utilize hawser fixed hole 108 its concept map shown in Fig. 3 b.That is, the connection part bottom of the bridge panel that connects with pitman 107 is provided with direction by the hanger rope rope and forms the dimetric hawser fixed hole of support and connection portion and the support and connection position.
Fig. 4 is the distortion example of the invention described above example 1, the horizontal main push-towing rope rope 110 of Fig. 4 a is provided with two across the river by substantially horizontal, greatly inclination main push-towing rope rope 111 is set to what a plurality of hawser fixing devices were fulcrum in the both sides inclination by the place of trisection about above-mentioned two main push-towing rope ropes 110, by Vertical direction plane lattice shape structure hanger rope rope 102 and that form by radiation is set by the place of trisection above-mentioned, bridge panel 105 vertically is connected setting with the hanger rope rope between two horizontal main push-towing rope ropes.The hawser fixing device is set easily, it is very big to support till the degree of a lot of levels and inclination main push-towing rope rope tension the support force on basis, guarantee the allowable angle of inclination that hawser fixing device and bridge panel constitute and minimize dead load and the live load that acts on the bridge panel, this is minimized the axle direction power of bridge panel and have the advantage that minimizes the bridge face thickness.Just concentrated the load of passing on from bridge panel 105 by the place of trisection and need to strengthen the joint of inclination main push-towing rope rope 111 and horizontal main push-towing rope rope 110 at two horizontal main push-towing rope ropes 110.Form joint between a plurality of horizontal main push-towing rope ropes and the inclination main push-towing rope rope in order to overcome shortcoming so, shown in Fig. 4 b, inclination main push-towing rope rope 111 is set by harp shape, shown in Fig. 4 c also can by fan shape (than the joint between the harp shape inclination main push-towing rope rope that spacing is set is narrow) be provided with, joint between a plurality of horizontal main push-towing rope ropes and the inclination main push-towing rope rope is set shown in Fig. 4 d, and two the inclination main push-towing rope ropes on the horizontal main push-towing rope rope that are connected of inclination are gathered in the mode in some places of both sides and can be provided with by starriness.
And, another variation subgraph 4e of above-mentioned example 1 is the compound plural structure of mode (composite structure that is used for the multispan footpath) that is shown in Fig. 4 a to Fig. 4 d, both sides in the river are provided with inclination main push-towing rope rope 111 by radiation, and the intermediate portion is that bridge post 104 connects the mode that inclination main push-towing rope rope 111 backs are supported.
The another one variation subgraph 4f of above-mentioned example 1 is the form of utilizing when the centre of Fig. 4 e can not be provided with bridge post 104, and the main push-towing rope rope 101 twocouese radiation forms to opposite bridge panel 105 arranged in a crossed manner of inclination main push-towing rope rope 111 and both sides are set by radiation in the both sides in river.Be provided with the same at above-mentioned Fig. 4 e and Fig. 4 f bridge panel with Fig. 4 a to Fig. 4 d.
Though by radiation etc. inclination main push-towing rope rope is set as Fig. 4 a to Fig. 4 f in that plan is not shown, between two horizontal main push-towing rope ropes 110 after Vertical direction is provided with hanger rope rope 102, the bridge panel connect the form be arranged on two horizontal main push-towing rope rope tops different be, after above-mentioned two horizontal main push-towing rope ropes not being set and common bridge panel being provided with across the river, equally with the inclination main push-towing rope rope 111 of Fig. 4 a to Fig. 4 f by radiation etc. inclination main push-towing rope rope can be set directly at the bridge panel.
The other variation subgraph of another of above-mentioned example 1 4g is to use horizontal main push-towing rope rope 110 and hanger rope rope 102, near between jury strut 112 front ends of both sides bridge pier setting horizontal main push-towing rope rope 110 is set respectively, hanger rope rope 102 and horizontal main push-towing rope rope 110 are provided with vertical being arranged at a certain distance between the horizontal main push-towing rope rope 110 of direction, its characteristics are above-mentioned hanger rope rope 102 downward-sloping formation, the method that bridge panel 105 is set in the middle of the hanger rope rope be with above-mentioned example 1 with and variation identical.So mode will be replenished the additional work that other jury strut is set on the bridge pier, but the method that can not guarantee fully the space of needed horizontal main push-towing rope rope 110 is set and use when not possessing the building site condition that the hawser fixing device can be set, the size of jury strut 112 and height are provided with the big minor change of spacing and bridge panel 105 according to horizontal main push-towing rope rope 110.Jury strut 112 promptly is set, horizontal main push-towing rope rope 110 is not to be fixed on the bridge pier both sides according to the hawser fixing device, but jury strut 112 plays horizontal main push-towing rope rope fixing device, at be provided with between the jury strut vertical with horizontal main push-towing rope rope and dip down a plurality of hanger rope ropes 102 tiltedly are set after, in above-mentioned hanger rope rope central upper bridge panel 105 is set, between the hanger rope rope by horizontal main push-towing rope rope be provided with the auxiliary hanger rope rope 109 of direction utilization be with example 1 with and variation identical.
And, the plane lattice shape hawser of above-mentioned example 1 not only is used in bridge and also can be used in connection and strides form that the gauge structure thing is provided with greatly promptly, railway is provided with usefulness, overpass is provided with usefulness, overline bridge is provided with usefulness, monorail railway is provided with usefulness, the valley viaduct, aim on needs settings such as bridge other structure of setting such as the facility thing that send oil pipe and gas pipe as the hawser supporting structure thing of long-span bridge beam king-tower 10, in the valley, plane lattice shape cable structure is obliquely installed in following and ladder or walk are set between the hanger rope rope 102 in above-mentioned hawser, also can utilize in the time of the track.
Especially, when above-mentioned overpass is set, the general overpass volume of traffic is many again to be utilized can not enlarge the amplitude of existing road the time, when a plurality of overpass will be set on the existing road with the bridge post because could be provided with after stopping traffic, so will minimize overpass bridge post 104 as far as possible.But with stride greatly the footpath when building overpass with bridge panel 105 in order to guarantee bridge post support force to greatest extent the bridge post that can only maximize, but increase setup fee usefulness.Therefore be provided with minimum dimension and stride footpath overpass bridge post greatly, utilize hawser fixing device 103 to be provided with on the main push-towing rope rope 101 back main push-towing rope ropes at above-mentioned bridge post 104 hanger rope rope 102 vertically is set, at main push-towing rope rope and the connection of hanger rope rope top overpass bridge panel 105 is set, the overpass that just do not maximize also can be constructed with bridge post and bridge panel and be striden the footpath overpass greatly.The setting of main push-towing rope rope and hanger rope rope is the same with the method for putting of above-mentioned long-span bridge beam.
" example 2 (steelframe multi-story) "
Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b are the instance concepts figure that plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention is applicable to the floor steelframe in steelframe multi-storey building building.Promptly, a plurality of floors externally are set between the pillar 204 shown in Fig. 5 a finish the floor steelframe with steelframe 203, be shown in the plane lattice shape cable structure of floor steelframe 203 inventions as Fig. 5 b, above-mentioned plane lattice shape cable structure is that main push-towing rope rope 201 is connected on the external upright 204, hanger rope rope 202 is set between the main push-towing rope rope 201 at a certain distance, and the hanger rope rope prevents the shift in position of main push-towing rope rope, and finishes integral planar grid shape cable structure 200.
The floor steelframe bears the compressive force that is added in the external load on the floor, and the hawser that is arranged on its underpart bears tension force and the floor is not provided with inner leg finishes yet.Be the floor when wide externally the inside of pillar 204 a plurality of inner leg are set and need to reduce sagging etc. flexural stress according to the deadweight on floor and live load, only can guarantee also that with the hawser that is provided with by plane lattice shape of the present invention (hawser is the combination of main push-towing rope rope 201 and hanger rope rope 202, and the tension force that is added in floor panel structure is assigned on the floor panel structure by hawser for the flexural rigidity of support bends stress.), omit the structural advantages that the inner leg engineering is set and have.
The plane lattice shape hawser of above-mentioned example 2 not only is used in the steelframe multi-story, is underground pedestrian walk but also can be used in the underground installation thing, the ceiling of the ceiling in underground track or covering river structure etc.
" example 3 (framework (shell) structure) "
Fig. 6 is the instance concepts figure that plane lattice shape cable structure of the present invention is applicable to large-scale framework (shell) structure awning structure.Promptly, as shown in Figure 6 a plurality of main push-towing rope ropes 301 are connected to a plurality of hinge beams 306 were fixed, are provided with in awning structure pillar 303 backs on above-mentioned main push-towing rope rope 301 intermediate portion between the awning structure pillar 303, connect a plurality of hanger rope ropes 302 and be fixed on the hinge beam on opposite at the inner end of above-mentioned hinge beam 306, fix, connect crossbeam 304 and vertical beam 305 and wholely form dimetric plane lattice net and form behind the plane lattice shape cable structure in the outboard end of hinge beam 306.
That is, hanger rope rope 302 is connected to hinge beam 306 and forms by grid shape, so the global shape of main push-towing rope rope and hanger rope rope forms plane lattice shape hawser 300 structures.
Finish above-mentioned plane lattice shape cable structure, just connection is provided with large-scale framework (shell) structure (the awning structure thing of domed shape or plate shape awning structure thing) on hawser top.Framework (shell) structure is that all external loads all are communicated on the structure of framework and support frame, and additional sizable tension force on the general supporting structure thing is very big as thickness, the flexural rigidity that will support tension force supporting structure thing so.The present invention utilizes main push-towing rope rope and the hanger rope rope help supporting tension force, minimizes the thickness of the length of guaranteeing crossbeam 304 and vertical beam 305 that is arranged on the ceiling pillar and flexural rigidity and has the structural advantages of construction framework (shell) structure.
Above-mentioned example 3 not only is used in as the dome gymnasium, the greenhouse, the framework of plastic greenhouse (shell) structure, and as the used for wind power generation windbreak keep watch gather together and be used in into the windmill of wind-power electricity generation with on the windbreak structure.
" example 4 (power transmission tower is used) "
Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b are the instance concepts figure that plane shape cable structure of the present invention is used in large-scale power transmission tower.Electricity in order to generate electricity is fed to equipment that factory or dwelling house need transmit electricity promptly, electricity with the high-tension busbar of wired transportation and at the power transmission tower of the above-mentioned high-tension busbar of intermediate support.When being connected to power transmission tower, above-mentioned a plurality of high-tension busbars generally power transmission tower is manufactured the large stereo truss structure, so common power transmission tower is through a lot of its of situation that river or mountain are provided with the appropriate litigation fees height to be set.Connect a lot of high-tension busbars on the words power transmission tower of no big obstacle therefore attractive in appearance, long more compressive force and the flexural stress that is added on the power transmission tower of distance between the power transmission tower of support high-tension busbar is also big more, so can only make large-scale power transmission tower as far as possible.
Therefore, as Fig. 7 a the transmission of electricity pillar 403 that large-scale power transmission tower also can be provided with minimum limit is not set, between above-mentioned pillar, connect plane shape main push-towing rope rope 40l of the present invention, at the main push-towing rope rope hanger rope rope 402 or angle bar (angle) are set vertically at a certain distance, greatly about the top of the intermediate portion of above-mentioned hanger rope rope or angle bar (angle) or the bottom be provided with to engage and connect the thermal insulator 404 of transmission of electricity with electric wire, if connect transmission of electricity electric wire 405 on above-mentioned a plurality of thermal insulator, just the load of passing on by thermal insulator 404 is distributed on the pillar according to hawser, so be provided with a plurality of electric wires also the quantity of pillar can reduce, and need not by large-scale setting and can save operating expenses.
In addition, Fig. 7 b is the other distortion example that is used in the plane lattice shape cable structure that power transmission tower uses, and Fig. 7 a forms hawser and above-mentioned hawser is to constitute by vertical plane by horizontal plane.The hawser that constitutes by Vertical direction too the load dispersing of electric wire to each joint of pillar, thereby minimize the size and the size of pillar.
The fruit tree that the plane lattice shape hawser of above-mentioned example 4 can be used in the orchard support with or the tidewater infringement prevent from usefulness to be set with netting setting and cable car, on the hoist cable equipment of skifield.Be that the tidewater infringement prevents that with net be the pillar that a plurality of supporting networks are set around fruit tree, by substantially horizontal main push-towing rope rope 401 backs being set between above-mentioned pillar is provided with hanger rope rope 402 and main push-towing rope rope mutually across, the load of net with regard to main push-towing rope rope and the sufficient supporting network of hanger rope rope is set above it then, and the pillar that minimum limit is set also is provided with large-area net easily.And after erectting large-scale support tower or pillar when the skifield is set with hoist cable or cable car hoist cable or cable car hawser are set, if till the destination, a plurality of support towers and pillar are set when its length is very long, just can only maximize as reducing its quantity, so but a lot of difficulties are arranged because of restriction that the place is set etc.The support tower or the pillar of minimum limit are set thus, connect main push-towing rope rope 401 and hanger rope rope 402, after hawser attachment hole (cable car is connected to the pitman on the hanger rope rope etc. with hawser with hawser and hoist cable) is set on the above-mentioned hanger rope rope, cable car and hoist cable are set, just can minimize the setting of optimization support tower and pillar.Net, cable car and hoist cable are identical with being provided with of above-mentioned large-scale power transmission tower with the setting of main push-towing rope rope and hanger rope rope.
Utilize plane shape hawser 100 of the present invention, 200,300, the long-span bridge beam of 400 structures is built, the steelframe multi-story, in the time of large-scale frame structure thing and large-scale power transmission tower etc., shrink and expand based on external environment condition (temperature or humidity) and according to the material behavior of hawser when main push-towing rope rope 401 and hanger rope rope 402 are set.Therefore occur in the tension force iso-stress that design phase of main push-towing rope rope is not contemplated to.So device 500,600 Fig. 8 that utilize for the distortion that compensates according to the contraction of hawser and expansion are by standard declaration.
Fig. 8 a is hawser thermal expansion and the shrinkage-compensating device (500 that is provided with on the fulcrum 503 of fixedly hawser, saddle type) concept map, said apparatus comprises the thermal expansion spring 501 that is arranged on fulcrum, is arranged on the roller bearing 502 of above-mentioned thermal expansion spring upper end portion and constitutes.That is, utilize the spring that expands and shrink according to external environment condition for expansion and the contraction that compensates according to the hawser of external environment condition.Therefore hawser can relax and reduces the tension force of hawser when external temperature height and hawser expanded, so for the tension spring that compensates minimizing upwards expands (length expansion of the tension force that reduces by compensation), hawser compensates the tension force of minimizing with regard to tightening again.External temperature descends and when increasing the tension force of hawser in addition, and above-mentioned thermal expansion spring also shrinks together and compensates the tension force that the length that is equivalent to shrink increases.
Fig. 8 b is hawser thermal expansion and the shrinkage-compensating device (600 that is provided with in the place that hawser connects, anchor connects shape) concept map, in the part that interconnects hawser fixing device (anchor) is set, connect thermal expansion spring 602, above-mentioned hawser external temperature rise and when shrinking according to its contour projector generation compressive force, so compressive force is according to the stretch compensation of spring, and the result is the compensation that can realize according to the external environment condition distortion of hawser.Situation when its effect was risen with external temperature when external temperature descended is opposite.
The effect of invention
The hawser that plane-shaped structure of the present invention forms connects main push-towing rope rope and hanger rope with the grid form Rope, the sharing of load of the various works that pass to from hawser top etc. is a plurality of to fixing above-mentioned hawser On the fulcrum, consequently can guarantee to be arranged on size and the rigidity of the various works on the hawser, Bridge panel is set and omits large-scale king-tower in the connection of planar shaped hawser when being applicable to Large Span Bridges Setting, thereby save operating expenses and reduce danger according to the security incident of high-altitude application, The steelframe multi-story is inner leg that support floor the is not set large-area floor of also can constructing Layer can efficiently utilize the inner space of building, omits the setting of internal steel post setting and saves About operating expenses also is the frame structure thing when being arranged on large-scale framework (shell) works Place on the hawser that is formed on the ceiling pillar beam, and do not need large-scale brace summer, be arranged on large-scale The sharing of load of several electric wires is to a plurality of pillars during power transmission tower, and provides no Large Transmission Tower also The transmission of electricity method of electric wire can be set. Striding greatly the footpath overpass construction, the setting of cable car and The setting of hoist cable provides the overpass of erectting minimum limit with bridge post and pillar and economy height to be set The method of frame road etc.
In addition, the hawser of plane lattice shape is connected to fulcrum, for what prevent according to the hawser connecting portion The distortion of the cable tension of thermal expansion or contraction and temperature compensation device (saddle type and anchor are provided (anchor) connect shape).
Claims (18)
1, utilizes the bridge construction of hawser as cable stayed bridge or suspension bridge, comprise
Bridge pier or bridge pier and bridge post stage are set;
King-tower is not set between above-mentioned bridge pier or bridge pier and bridge post, utilizes the hawser fixing device that is arranged on the bridge pier of both sides that the stage of a plurality of main push-towing rope ropes is set at a certain distance;
Between the above-mentioned main push-towing rope rope and the main push-towing rope rope the stage that direction vertically is provided with a plurality of hanger rope ropes at a certain distance is set; And,
The middle upper portion of above-mentioned hanger rope rope by the main push-towing rope rope the continuous cross structure beam and face of direction is set after, the hanger rope rope utilizes the hawser fixed hole to be fixed on the stage of bridge panel;
Building bridge is the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics.
2, utilize the bridge construction of hawser as cable stayed bridge or suspension bridge, comprise
The stage of bridge pier is set;
King-tower is not set between the bridge pier of both sides, utilizes the hawser fixing device that is arranged on the bridge pier of both sides that the stage of a plurality of main push-towing rope ropes is set at a certain distance;
Between the above-mentioned main push-towing rope rope and the direction that is provided with of main push-towing rope rope a plurality of hanger rope ropes vertically are set at a certain distance, between the hanger rope rope of both sides bridge pier at a certain distance and the main push-towing rope rope the stage that direction is provided with a plurality of auxiliary hanger rope ropes is set; And,
The middle upper portion of above-mentioned hanger rope rope by the main push-towing rope rope the continuous cross structure beam and face of direction is set after, the hanger rope rope utilizes the hawser fixed hole to be fixed on the stage of bridge panel; Building bridge is the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics.
3, in second,
In the middle of above-mentioned a plurality of main push-towing rope ropes, be provided with in addition and prevent that the shock strut that the main push-towing rope rope rocks from being the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics.
4, utilize the bridge construction of hawser as cable stayed bridge or suspension bridge, comprise
King-tower is not set between the bridge pier of both sides, utilizes the stage that a plurality of horizontal main push-towing rope ropes are set at a certain distance near the hawser fixing device of both sides bridge pier setting;
Between the above-mentioned horizontal main push-towing rope rope and horizontal main push-towing rope rope the stage that direction vertically is provided with a plurality of hanger rope ropes at a certain distance is set;
Connecting on the position of above-mentioned horizontal main push-towing rope rope and hanger rope rope utilizes the hawser fixing device that the stage of a plurality of inclination main push-towing rope ropes is set on the bridge pier of both sides; And,
The middle upper portion of above-mentioned hanger rope rope by horizontal main push-towing rope rope the continuous cross structure beam and face of direction is set after, the hanger rope rope utilizes the hawser fixed hole to be fixed on the stage of bridge panel; Building bridge is the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics.
5, utilize the bridge construction of hawser as cable stayed bridge or suspension bridge, comprise
The stage of bridge pier and bridge post is set;
King-tower is not set between the bridge pier of both sides, utilizes the hawser fixing device that is arranged on the bridge pier of both sides that the stage of a plurality of horizontal main push-towing rope ropes is set at a certain distance;
Between the above-mentioned horizontal main push-towing rope rope and horizontal main push-towing rope rope the stage that direction vertically is provided with a plurality of hanger rope ropes at a certain distance is set;
Be arranged on the inclination main push-towing rope rope of the left and right sides of the inclination main push-towing rope rope on the joint of above-mentioned hanger rope rope and hanger rope rope, the stage of utilizing the hawser fixing device that is arranged on the both sides bridge pier to be provided with;
Be arranged on the intermediate, inclined hawser of the inclination main push-towing rope rope on the joint of above-mentioned horizontal main push-towing rope rope and hanger rope rope, be arranged on the stage that is provided with on the bridge post between the bridge pier of both sides; And,
The middle upper portion of above-mentioned horizontal main push-towing rope rope by horizontal main push-towing rope rope the continuous cross structure beam and face of direction is set after, the hanger rope rope utilizes the hawser fixed hole to be fixed on the stage of bridge panel; Building bridge is the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics.
6, utilize the bridge construction of hawser as cable stayed bridge or suspension bridge, comprise
The stage of bridge pier is set;
King-tower is not set between the bridge pier of both sides, is arranged on the stage that a plurality of main push-towing rope ropes are set between the jury strut on the bridge pier of both sides at a certain distance;
Between the above-mentioned main push-towing rope rope, that direction is set is vertical and downward-sloping at a certain distance a plurality of hanger rope ropes are set with the main push-towing rope rope, between the hanger rope rope on the bridge pier of both sides by stage that direction is provided with a plurality of auxiliary hanger rope ropes that is provided with of certain orientation and main push-towing rope rope; And,
The middle upper portion of above-mentioned hanger rope rope by the main push-towing rope rope the continuous cross structure beam and face of direction is set after, the hanger rope rope utilizes the hawser fixed hole to be fixed on the stage of bridge panel; Building bridge is the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics.
7, stride footpath overpass construction greatly, comprise
The stage of a plurality of overpass with the bridge post is set;
The both sides overpass utilizes the hawser fixing device that is arranged on the two bridge posts that the stage of a plurality of main push-towing rope ropes is set at a certain distance with between the bridge post;
Between the above-mentioned main push-towing rope rope, be set the vertical stage that a plurality of hanger rope ropes also are set at a certain distance of direction with hawser; And,
The middle upper portion of above-mentioned hanger rope rope by the main push-towing rope rope the continuous cross structure beam and face of direction is set after, the hanger rope rope utilizes the hawser fixed hole to be fixed on the stage of bridge panel; Building and striding the footpath overpass greatly is the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics.
8, stride footpath overpass construction greatly, comprise
The stage of a plurality of overpass with the bridge post is set;
The both sides overpass utilizes the hawser fixing device that is arranged on the two bridge posts that the stage of a plurality of main push-towing rope ropes is set at a certain distance with between the bridge post;
Between the above-mentioned main push-towing rope rope, that direction is set is vertical and a plurality of hanger rope ropes are set at a certain distance with hawser, overpass with between the hanger rope rope of bridge post both sides at a certain distance and by stage that direction is provided with a plurality of auxiliary hanger rope ropes that is provided with of main push-towing rope rope; And,
The middle upper portion of above-mentioned hanger rope rope by the main push-towing rope rope the continuous cross structure beam and face of direction is set after, the hanger rope rope utilizes the hawser fixed hole to be fixed on the stage of bridge panel; Building and striding the footpath overpass greatly is the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics.
9, utilize the bridge construction of hawser as cable stayed bridge or suspension bridge, comprise
Do not erect king-tower, the stage of multispan footpath bridge panel is set between the bridge pier; And,
One side end of a plurality of inclination main push-towing rope ropes (111) utilizes the hawser fixing device to be arranged on the bridge pier of both sides, and other ends are arranged on the stage of above-mentioned bridge panel at a certain distance; Building bridge is the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics.
10, in any one in first to the 8th,
The junction point of above-mentioned bridge panel makes the joint of a plurality of bridge panels become saw shape and intersect mutually and engages, above-mentioned joining portion connects with the joint rod that connects, and the mutual hinge of above-mentioned bridge panel engages and is the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics.
11, in any one in first to the 9th,
Connection in the fulcrum (hawser fixed hole) of above-mentioned plane lattice shape cable structure is to comprise the thermal expansion spring that is arranged on above-mentioned fulcrum; And be connected to above-mentioned thermal expansion spring roller bearing be connected to the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics with hawser temperature compensation device.
12, in any one in first to the 9th,
Connection between each hawser of above-mentioned plane lattice shape cable structure is to comprise the fixing device (anchor) that is arranged on the above-mentioned hawser connection end; And be arranged on thermal expansion spring between the said fixing device (anchor) be connected to the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics with hawser temperature compensation device.
13, the steelframe multi-story comprises
The stage of the floor of the external upright of a plurality of above-mentioned buildings and each floor with steelframe is set;
Use the steelframe bottom on the floor of above-mentioned each floor, a plurality of main push-towing rope ropes are set between the said external pillar, the stage that the floor panel structure thing of each floor is finished with the hanger rope rope that grid shape is set between the steelframe at a certain distance in the floor; And,
Finish the stage on floor at above-mentioned floor panel structure thing top perfusion flaggy cement; The structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure for characteristics.
14, the awning structure thing of building with frame structure comprises
Erect the stage of a plurality of awning structure pillars that support ceiling;
A plurality of main push-towing rope ropes are set between above-mentioned awning structure, are arranged on the stage that a plurality of hanger rope ropes are set by grid shape on the hinge beam of main push-towing rope rope at a certain distance;
Crossbeam and vertical beam are arranged on the stage of above-mentioned hinge beam end on the top of above-mentioned awning structure; And,
Stage as the ceiling frames structure is set on above-mentioned main push-towing rope rope and hanger rope rope top; The structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure for characteristics.
15, a plurality of transmissions of electricity are arranged on stage of both sides with pillar, comprise
Above-mentioned transmission of electricity is provided with the stage of main push-towing rope rope with between the pillar by level or vertical plane;
On the above-mentioned main push-towing rope rope by vertical and stage of a plurality of hanger rope ropes is set at a certain distance; And,
On the above-mentioned hanger rope rope a plurality of thermal insulators are set, and the stage of transmission of electricity with electric wire is set on the above-mentioned thermal insulator; The structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure for characteristics.
16, a plurality of pillars are arranged on the stage of both sides, comprise
Between the above-mentioned pillar, be set the stage of main push-towing rope rope by level or vertical plane;
On the above-mentioned main push-towing rope rope by vertical and stage of a plurality of hanger rope ropes is set at a certain distance; And,
After on the above-mentioned hanger rope rope hawser attachment hole being set, be set the stage that cable car (hoist cable) is set after cable car is used (hoist cable is used) hawser on the above-mentioned hawser attachment hole; The structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure for characteristics.
17, in any one in the 13 to the 16,
The connection of above-mentioned plane lattice shape hawser is to comprise the thermal expansion spring that is arranged on fulcrum; And be connected to above-mentioned thermal expansion spring roller bearing be connected to the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics with hawser temperature compensation device.
18, in any one in the 13 to the 16,
The connection of above-mentioned plane lattice shape hawser is to comprise being arranged on the fixing device (anchor) that above-mentioned hawser connects the end; And be arranged on thermal expansion spring between the said fixing device (anchor) be connected to the structure construction worker method of utilizing plane lattice shape cable structure of characteristics with hawser temperature compensation device.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2001-0020799A KR100422298B1 (en) | 2001-04-18 | 2001-04-18 | building construction method using lattice typed cable structure in the plane |
| KR2001/20799 | 2001-04-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1503876A true CN1503876A (en) | 2004-06-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA028084004A Pending CN1503876A (en) | 2001-04-18 | 2002-04-04 | Building construction method using plane lattice typed cable structure |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040123408A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1386038A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004523684A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100422298B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1503876A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002086241A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102251465A (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2011-11-23 | *** | Suspension bridge with bearing cable having X-shaped curve |
| CN113846548A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-28 | 李林峰 | Construction method for buffer insurance of viaduct |
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| KR100810988B1 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2008-03-11 | (주)신흥이앤지 | Construction method for connecting a main-cable using turnbuckle |
| ES2332442B1 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2011-03-03 | Universidad De Granada | SELF-TENSED STRUCTURE FOR BRIDGE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL. |
| KR101019149B1 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2011-03-03 | 대림산업 주식회사 | Air-spinning system for the erection of suspension cable |
| CN101792999A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2010-08-04 | 马兴运 | Multi-suspended-pylon cable-stayed bridge |
| FR2979927B1 (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2019-03-15 | Mustapha Aboulcaid | METHOD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WORKS, ESPECIALLY PASSAGES UNDER RAILWAYS OR SIMILARS IN OPERATION |
| KR101156553B1 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2012-06-20 | (주)신흥이앤지 | Modularized and prefabricated upper plate |
| TWI564452B (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2017-01-01 | 財團法人國家實驗研究院 | Light-weight temporary bridge system and building method thereof |
| CN104963286B (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2016-09-07 | 中铁大桥局集团有限公司 | A kind of FRP inhaul cable anchor discharging Confinement effect and installation method thereof |
| KR101948649B1 (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-05-02 | 선풍종합건설 주식회사 | Pedestrian bridge and construction method thereof |
| CN110761410A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2020-02-07 | 中建钢构有限公司 | Cable-assisted large span structure and construction method thereof |
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| GB1367645A (en) * | 1970-11-27 | 1974-09-18 | Rice E K | Demountable plural level building structure |
| HU181660B (en) * | 1977-02-04 | 1983-10-28 | Baranya Megyei Allami Epitoeip | Afterstressed floor panel consists of some prefabricated reinforced concrete floor members for purpose of floors furthermore method for producing the floor members as well as floor panels |
| DE3211790C2 (en) * | 1982-03-30 | 1985-05-02 | Ulrich Dr.Ing. e.h. Dr.Ing. 8000 München Finsterwalder | Tension band bridge |
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2001
- 2001-04-18 KR KR10-2001-0020799A patent/KR100422298B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-04-04 EP EP02714602A patent/EP1386038A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-04-04 WO PCT/KR2002/000601 patent/WO2002086241A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-04 CN CNA028084004A patent/CN1503876A/en active Pending
- 2002-04-04 US US10/475,050 patent/US20040123408A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-04-04 JP JP2002583749A patent/JP2004523684A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102251465A (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2011-11-23 | *** | Suspension bridge with bearing cable having X-shaped curve |
| CN113846548A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-28 | 李林峰 | Construction method for buffer insurance of viaduct |
| CN113846548B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-12-29 | 无锡大诚建设有限公司 | Viaduct buffer insurance construction method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20020080931A (en) | 2002-10-26 |
| KR100422298B1 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
| WO2002086241A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| JP2004523684A (en) | 2004-08-05 |
| US20040123408A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
| EP1386038A1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
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