CN1502787A

CN1502787A - Logging while tripping with modified tubular

Info

Publication number: CN1502787A
Application number: CNA200310120735XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: D��L��ʷ��˹; D·L·史密斯; M·T·弗里
Original assignee: Schlumberger Overseas SA
Current assignee: Schlumberger Overseas SA
Priority date: 2002-11-25
Filing date: 2003-11-25
Publication date: 2004-06-09
Anticipated expiration: 2023-11-25
Also published as: RU2332565C2; GB2395503A; CN100564797C; MXPA03010408A; GB0327167D0; RU2003134078A; CA2450391A1; CA2450391C; GB2395503B

Abstract

Method and system for subsurface logging utilizing a modified tubular having an elongated body with tubular walls and a central bore adapted to receive a support member. T he tubular including slotted stations to provide through-tubular signal passage. Pressure barrier means provide hydraulic isolation at the slotted stations. The support member is equipped with sources or sensors and adapted for engagement within the tubular. The tubular and suppo rt member are implemented in combination with retrievable and re-seatable MWD apparatus.

Description

Utilize to improve that pipe fitting carries out with removing well logging

Technical field

The application is in the continuation part of the U.S. Patent application No.09/576271 of submission on May 22nd, 2000.

The present invention relates generally to the exploration of subsurface formations, relates more specifically to be used to adopt the insertion instrument and sends and/or the technology of received signal by metal tube, and this insertion instrument can be placed in the metal tube and can therefrom extract out.Embodiments of the invention are particularly suited for adopting measurement while drilling (MWD) device that can trip out and can reset to realize.

Background technology

Resistivity and gamma-ray well logging are two kinds of formation evaluation measurements that the most generally use in well logging.This measurement is used for locating the characteristic with the possible hydrocarbon realm on evaluation of subterranean stratum.In many wells, only carry out these two kinds of measurements, especially at the low value well with more in the ground and mid portion of the well of high value.

These logging techniquies can realize in a different manner.Can manyly be used for measuring the transmission of various parameters and the logging tool of checkout gear ties up to the end of cable or rope and is lowered into pit shaft with comprising.Be connected cable on the mobile processing center of some type at ground place and be and a kind ofly supplemental characteristic upwards can be delivered to device in the ground by it.By such wireline logging, just can be at pit shaft and the formation parameter when well bore upwards spurs instrument, measured as the function of the degree of depth.

Can some wells not logged well in the time of in drilling time is included in total cost, this is because wireline logging is too expensive.The situation of adjusting measuring well is to carry out wireline logging, rope is installed is removed instrument and be used to put down the time that removes instrument with ropes and all need drilling time.For using rope to remove instrument, also there be the cost and the difficulty of increase in well level or deflection.

Other well is also existing difficulty aspect the rope transmission.Have very uneven, erosion, subside or the well of deflection pit shaft can hinder or stop logging tool to move in pit shaft.These abominable well logging conditions (TLC) solve by instrument being tied up to be sent in the pit shaft on the drilling rod usually.These instruments are installed on the drilling rod and drop in the barefoot interval.Rope is protected in the drilling rod in the barefoot interval of well, but is in when rising to ground between drilling rod and the sleeve pipe, here its easy damage.Another shortcoming of this technology is need also keep in touch with it for rope provides power when shifting onto instrument in the barefoot interval, if so that avoid instrument impaired when running into obstacle.Owing to exist the danger of damage instrument and rope, therefore well logging is carried out very slowly.

A kind of the substituting of wireline logging technology is the data of gathering in drilling process about conditions down-hole.By gathering in drilling process and handling this information, the drilling implementer just can revise or correct the committed step of operation so that operation is optimized.Know that the method that is used for gathering at drilling process the motion of the data of conditions down-hole and drilling assembly is measurement while drilling (MWD) technology.Similar with it but concentrate on more and measure formation parameter but not technology in the motion of drilling assembly is called well logging during (LWD).For wireline logging, using LWD and MWD instrument may be non-remunerative because of the cost of equipment and related service, and this is because instrument all is in the well in whole drilling time.

With removing well logging (logging while tripping; LWT) provide a kind of cost-effective technology that substitutes as LWD and MWD technology.In LWT, bit run just wanting the pull-up drilling rod at last before, " insertion " instrument of minor diameter is delivered to the down-hole through drilling rod.The insertion instrument is used for the physical quantity under the measuring well when drill string is extracted out or tripped out from pit shaft.During tripping out, survey data is recorded in the memory of instrument in chronological order.At the place, ground, bit depth and time relation during second group of equipment records trips out, this makes this measurement carry out according to the degree of depth.

U.S. Patent No. 5589825 has been introduced a kind of LWT technology, and it comprises and can move and enter into the logging tool of drilling well sub-component by drill string.Should ' 825 patent introduce a kind of sub-component that is combined with window mechanism, it allows to carry out signal communication between logging tool that is held and pit shaft.This window mechanism can be operated between the opening and closing position.A shortcoming of this device that proposes is, the mechanism of this unlimited window type is directly exposed to logging tool uneven and easily causes in the wellbore environment of wearing and tearing, and here the stratum drilling cuttings damages probably and surveys and instrument and stop up window mechanism.Conditions down-hole little by little becomes more abominable in depths more.At 5000 to 8000 meters degree of depth place, running into bottom hole temperature (BHT) through regular meeting is that 260 ℃ and pressure are the situation of 170MPa.This has aggravated the damage of outside or the logging tool parts that expose.Therefore, the structure of unlimited window type can't be used for these situations.

UK Patent Application GB2337546A has introduced a kind of composite construction that is incorporated in the drill collar, to allow electromagnetic energy (EM) to pass through so that use for measurement during drill-well operation.Should ' 546 application introduce a kind of drill collar with space or cavity, embedding in space or cavity has the composite material outer cover.A shortcoming of the device that this ' 546 application is proposed has been to use composite material to be used as an integral part of drill collar.Fatigue load (being the crooked and rotation of drilling rod) becomes a problem in the drill-well operation.When drilling rod bore bending or reverses, the shape of space or cavity changed, and had caused stress failures and sealing effectiveness variation.Be difficult to handle suitably the difference of the material property between metal and the composite material outer cover, and for example as described in should ' 546 application, require composite material and metal as monomer, to move by the ground mechanical type.Therefore, the inefficacy trend that increases under extreme stress that is run in drill-well operation and the load makes can't use the structure of being introduced.

U.S. Patent No. 5988300 and No.5944124 have introduced a kind of composite pipe structure that is applicable to drill string.Should He ' 124, ' 300 patent introduce a kind of segmentation structure, it comprises the clad pipe that assembles up with the end installed part, and with the end installed part with manage the outer cover that links to each other.Except manufacturing cost was higher, another shortcoming of this structure was to lose efficacy under the multi-part formula assembly extreme stress that is easy in drill-well operation to be run into.

U.S. Patent No. 5939885 has been introduced a kind of well logging apparatus, it comprise loop aerial is installed and be contained in have groove drill collar in installed part.Yet this device is not to be designed for the LWT operation.U.S. Patent No. 4041780 and No.4047430 have introduced a kind of logging instrument, and it can be pumped down in the drilling rod to obtain the well logging sample.Yet, the system requirements that should He ' 430, ' 780 patent be proposed before beginning to log well with whole drill string extraction (to take off drill bit).Therefore, concerning many operations, realize that this system of introducing is unpractical, and its cost efficiency is lower.

U.S. Patent No. 5560437 has been introduced a kind of method of telemetering and device that downhole parameters is measured that be used to obtain.Should ' 437 patent introduce a kind of well logging probe that is transmitted in the drill string.This well logging probe comprises sensor at the one end, and it is positioned at the place, end of drill string by the opening in the specific bit.Like this, sensor just can directly lead in the pit shaft that is bored.The shortcoming of the device that should ' 437 patent be proposed is that sensor is directly exposed under the destructive condition that the down-hole can run into, expedite path need be set for probe motion in drill string, this can't be compatible with the drill string that includes mud-pulse telemetry instrument or MTR.Concerning resistivity logging, also can't use the little probe that stretches out via smaller opening.

U.S. Patent No. 4914637 has been introduced a kind of downhole tool that is suitable for arriving through drill string from ground ducted desired location.Modulator on the instrument sends to ground with the signal data of being gathered.U.S. Patent No. 5050675 (having transferred assignee of the present invention) has been introduced a kind of perforating system, and it comprises that the inductive coupler structure is for carry out signal communication between ground and downhole tool.U.S. Patent No. 5455573 has been introduced a kind of inductance coupling device of the downhole tool that is used for being provided with coaxially.U.S. Patent No. 6288548 has been introduced a kind of logging while drilling technology, and it has adopted the measuring probe that is located in the drill collar that has groove.

Wish to obtain a kind of simple and reliable LWT system and method that is used for locating with the characteristic of the possible hydrocarbon realm on evaluation of subterranean stratum.Therefore, need a kind of improved LWT system and method that is used for through stratum transmission and/or received signal.Also need a kind of and the device that trips out He can reset that be used in drill collar, measuring to measure the technology of the characteristic of subsurface formations in combination.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of system that is used to hold the insertion instrument.This system comprises the sub-component with elongate body, and this elongate body comprises tube wall and endoporus.This sub-component can form a part of length of drill string, and comprises that at least one is formed at groove wherein, makes this groove can fully pass tube wall to be provided for the passage that signal passes through.This sub-component comprises the device that is used for providing pressure barrier between described at least one groove is in tube wall inside and outside, and this barrier device is positioned at the hole of sub-component.Have top and bottom and can form the part of this system through the insertion instrument that drill string enters into the hole of sub-component.This insertion instrument has the device that can engage with other device at the place, top and bottom; Wherein the above and below coupling device on the insertion instrument can optionally discharge from described other device.

The invention provides a kind of being used for is placed into method in the sub-component of a segment length that is in drill string with the insertion instrument.This method comprises: adjusting has top and bottom and can pass the insertion instrument that drill string enters into sub-component, this sub-component has the elongate body that comprises tube wall and endoporus and has formed the part of drill string, this sub-component comprises that at least one fully passes the groove of its wall with the passage that is provided for signal and passes through, and be in barrier device in its hole, this barrier device is used for being in tube wall at described at least one groove provides pressure barrier between inside and outside, and this insertion instrument can engage with other device by the device that alternative discharges at the place, top and bottom; The drill string that will have sub-component is put in the subsurface formations, and this drill string has to be located in its endoporus and to be near the sub-component device; And the insertion instrument is placed in the drill string so that engage with the described device of the endoporus of drill string that places.

The invention provides a kind of being used for is placed into method in the sub-component of a segment length that is in drill string with the insertion instrument.This method comprises: adjusting has top and bottom and can pass the insertion instrument that drill string enters into sub-component, this sub-component has the elongate body that comprises tube wall and endoporus and has formed the part of drill string, this sub-component comprises that at least one fully passes the groove of its wall with the passage that is provided for signal and passes through, and be in barrier device in its hole, this barrier device is used for being in tube wall at described at least one groove provides pressure barrier between inside and outside, this insertion instrument has signal source provided thereon or sensor, and can engage with other device by the device that alternative discharges at the place, top and bottom; Adjust this insertion instrument or be located at device in the drill string hole, make instrument is being arranged in the sub-component and during with described means for engaging, signal source on the insertion instrument or sensor be in described at least one groove near; With drill string and sub-component with and endoporus in described device be placed in the subsurface formations together; And the insertion instrument is placed in the drill string so that engage with described device.

The invention provides a kind of system that is used to trip out the insertion instrument.This system comprises: have first sub-component of elongate body, this elongate body comprises tube wall and centre bore, and this sub-component can form a part of length of drill string; Elongated insertion instrument with top and bottom, the hole that it can pass drill string and enter into sub-component; This insertion instrument can locate to be provided with linkage in the top to link to each other with other device, so that described instrument is taken out from the hole of first sub-component; A section of insertion instrument has the big a lot of diameter of other section than described instrument; First sub-component has and can come snap close and fix the device of this insertion instrument by this big section, makes the predetermined length of this insertion instrument extend in the hole of sub-component, and the further axial displacement of restriction insertion instrument in this hole; And snap close and fastening devices, it can allow the fluid centre bore of flowing through when this excessive section is fixed the insertion instrument.

The present invention also provides a kind of being used for that the insertion instrument is placed into method in the sub-component of a segment length that is in drill string.This method comprises: adjust elongated insertion instrument, make a section of this instrument have the big a lot of diameter of other section than this instrument, this instrument has top and bottom and can pass from drill string; Make the insertion instrument pass drill string to engage with hole in first sub-component that has formed a part of drill string; By being located at snap close and the fastening devices in first sub-component and utilizing this excessive section to pin the insertion instrument, this snap close and fastening devices allow the predetermined length of instrument to extend in the hole of sub-component; And adopt snap close and fastening devices to limit the insertion instrument can't axially-movable further in the hole, make tool engagement on first sub-component snap close and fastening devices in the time, signal source on the instrument or sensor be in groove on the drilling rod post jamb near.

Description of drawings

Read following detailed introduction and with reference to accompanying drawing after, can know other aspects and advantages of the present invention, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to insertion instrument of the present invention.

Fig. 2 a is the sectional view according to insertion instrument of the present invention, has shown the antenna that has relevant wiring and passage.

Fig. 2 b is the schematic diagram according to the shielding construction around the antenna that is centered around on the insertion instrument of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that has the pipe fitting of fluting portion section according to of the present invention.

Fig. 4 a and 4b are the schematic diagrames that is engaged in the insertion instrument in the pipe fitting according to of the present invention.

Relation between the decay of the electromagnetic energy that has shown the groove size of pipe fitting section of the present invention to Fig. 5 diagrammatic and passed through.

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that has the insertion instrument of centralizer structure according to of the present invention.

Fig. 7 a and 7a-1 are the sectional views that has the pipe fitting of pressure barrier structure according to of the present invention.

Fig. 7 b is the sectional view of the three slot type pipe fittings A-A along the line shown in Fig. 7 a.

Fig. 8 a is the sectional view that has the pipe fitting of another pressure barrier structure according to of the present invention.

Fig. 8 b is the sectional view of the three slot type pipe fittings B-B along the line shown in Fig. 8 a.

Fig. 9 a is the sectional view that is positioned to the insertion instrument of pressure barrier structure alignment according to of the present invention.

Fig. 9 b is the top view of insertion instrument shown in Fig. 9 a and pressure barrier structure.

Figure 10 is the sectional view according to pressure barrier of the present invention and fitting structure.

Figure 11 is the sectional view that has the fluting pipe fitting of mold insert, seal and abutment sleeve according to of the present invention.

Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b-1 are according to cone tank and the sectional view of the fluting pipe section section of corresponding taper mold insert and the phantom drawing of partly cut-away of having of the present invention to 12b-3.

Figure 13 a is according to the insertion instrument in the pipe fitting and the schematic diagram of antenna be located at prejudicially of the present invention.

Figure 13 b and 13c be according to the insertion instrument that shielding part surrounds and the schematic diagram of antenna of being focused of the present invention, and they have shown the influence that shielding part is produced magnetic field and electric field respectively.

Figure 14 is the top view according to the shielding construction in the hole that is formed at pipe fitting of the present invention.

Figure 15 is according to the schematic diagram by the formed shielding construction of cavity in the insertion instrument of the present invention.

Figure 16 is the schematic diagram that includes the insertion instrument of the modulator that is engaged in the pipe fitting according to of the present invention.

Figure 17 is the schematic diagram according to the structure of insertion instrument shown in Figure 16 of the present invention, and it is used for carrying out real-time radio communication with the remote control downhole tool.

Figure 18 is the schematic diagram according to insertion tool construction of the present invention, and it is used to adopt mr techniques to carry out porosity measurement.

Figure 19 a and 19b are the schematic diagrames according to the antenna structure of the insertion instrument in the pipe fitting of the present invention.

Figure 20 has shown the schematic diagram that has the pipe fitting of inductive coupler and insert tool construction according to of the present invention.

Figure 21 a and 21b have shown that the off-centre with inductive coupler according to the present invention inserts the top view and the schematic diagram of instrument and pipe fitting.

Figure 22 a and 22b are the schematic diagrames that is in the inductive coupler structure in insertion instrument and the pipe fitting according to of the present invention.

Figure 23 is according to the inductive coupler in the pipe fitting and the sectional view of shielding construction of being installed in of the present invention.

Figure 24 is the schematic diagram according to the inductive coupler circuit of simplification of the present invention.

Figure 25 has shown according to of the present invention to be used for sending through the stratum and/or the flow chart of the method for received signal.

Figure 26 has shown the flow chart that is used to measure the method for the formation characteristics around the pit shaft according to of the present invention.

Figure 27 has shown the flow chart that is used for method that the lip-deep opening of pipe fitting is sealed according to of the present invention.

Figure 28 has shown the flow chart that is used for method that the lip-deep opening that sees through fully of pipe fitting is sealed according to of the present invention.

Figure 29 shown according to of the present invention be contained in the drill collar section in the insertion instrument of fluting in the pipe fitting that be in that combine of independent MWD device.

Figure 30 has shown the zoomed-in view of the connection between insertion instrument shown in Figure 29 and the device.

Figure 31 and 32 has shown according to of the present invention and being engaged in of forming that the fluting pipe fitting of drill string combines and has been provided with snap close and the fixing insertion instrument in the pipe fitting of centralizer.

The specific embodiment

The inventive system comprises two major parts, promptly insert instrument (RIT) and pipe fitting sleeve or drill collar.Hereinafter pipe fitting is called sub-component.

RIT。Fig. 1 has shown the embodiment of RIT10 of the present invention.RIT10 is metallic support or an axle elongated, minor diameter, and it can comprise one or more antennas 12, signal source, sensor (sensors/detectors is the term that uses interchangeably), magnet, gamma-ray detector/generator assembly, neutron generation/detection components, various electronic unit, battery, downhole processor, clock here, read port and record storage (not shown).

And do not require that RIT10 possesses the mechanical performance as drill collar.Therefore, its mechanical constraint reduces significantly.RIT10 has mechanism's of landing (guide head) 14 in its bottom, have fishing head 16 on its top.Fishing head 16 allows to catch RIT10, and by using traditional extracting instrument to come to trip out in sub-component, traditional extracting instrument for example is what introduced in U.S. Patent No. 5278550 (having transferred assignee of the present invention).An advantage of salvageable RIT10 assembly is the cost that has reduced to lose in well.RIT10 also can be provided with one or more hinged or " toggle " joints (seeing Figure 29) as known in the art.

Shown in Fig. 2 a, the structure of an antenna 12 on the RIT10 comprises the multi-turn wire loop that is sealed in fibrous glass-epoxy resin 18, and fibrous glass-epoxy resin 18 is installed in the groove of pressure casing of RIT10 and by the molded part 20 of rubber and seals.Bypass 22 provides passage for the wiring of antenna 12, and it leads in the interior endoporus 24 of RIT10.As prior art, can encourage each antenna 12 to receive or to send the EM signal.

Antenna 12 gives off the azimuth electric field.Each antenna 12 preferably surrounded by stainless steel shielding part 26 (with in U.S. Patent No. 4949045, introduced similar, this patent has transferred assignee of the present invention), this shielding part 26 has the axial groove 28 on one or more circumference that are arranged on shielding part 26.Fig. 2 b has shown the axial groove that makes progress in week 28 that is distributed in shielding part 26.Shielding part 26 is shorted in the metal master of RIT10 at the axial end portion place.These shielding parts 26 allow transverse electric (TE) radiation to propagate through it, can stop transverse magnetic (TM) radiation and transverse-electromagnetic (TEM) radiation simultaneously.Shielding part 26 also can protect antenna 12 not to be subjected to outer damage.The electronic unit of RIT10 and the architecture of sensor with in U.S. Patent No. 4899112 (having transferred assignee of the present invention), introduced similar.

Sub-component.Fig. 3 has shown an embodiment of sub-component 30 of the present invention.Sub-component 30 has the elongate body of band tube wall and centre bore 32.Sub-component 30 neither comprises electronic unit, does not also comprise sensor, and preferably fully by metal, preferably stainless steel forms.It can form the part of open well bottom component (BHA), and can be for using during bit run in drill string places wellhole.An embodiment of sub-component 30 has the oil well joint (negative thread-male joint) of regular screw threads at its each end (not shown).Sub-component 30 also can be connected on coil pipe or other pipe fitting section, so that be sent in the pit shaft in the TLC operation.

Sub-component 30 comprises one or more sections 36, and it has the one or more axial grooves 38 that are provided with along tube wall.Each elongated axial groove 38 fully passes the tube wall of sub-component 30, and is preferably formed as the end of complete rounding.Stress model shows, can form very long groove 38 in the wall of sub-component 30, still can keep the structural integrity of sub-component 30 simultaneously.Can set up destressing groove 40 in the zone on the external diameter of sub-component 30, so that reduce the moment of flexure on the groove 38 away from groove 38.

Each groove 38 all provides and has been used for continuous passage that the EM energy is passed through from sub-component 30.Groove 38 has stopped the TM radiation, and it can allow the TE radiation to pass through, though exist some decay.Attenuation degree by sub-component 30 caused TE fields depends on following factor, for example external diameter of the length of the quantity of frequency, groove, groove width, groove, drill collar and internal diameter, and the position of the antenna of RIT10 and size.For example, Fig. 5 has shown at 400 KHzs, with sub-component 30 to be that 25 circles at center and diameter are the decay of the sub-component 10 measured under the situation of the external diameter of 1.75 inches coil, internal diameter that sub-component 30 is 3.55 inches and 6.75 inches and the groove 38 that has one or two different length and width.Can be clear from Fig. 5, set up more groove 38 and make that groove is longer or wideer to reduce decay.Yet under the situation that only is provided with the long groove 38 of one or two 0.5 inch wide and 6-8 inch, the decay of sub-component 30 reaches～and 15 decibels, this is enough low concerning many application.

In operation, the embodiment pumping of RIT10 is gone down or put down at drill bit operation last, and be engaged in the sub-component 30 by the drill string on the cable.RIT10 is accepted by " pipe shoe " 42 that land in the centre bore 32 that is in sub-component 30, shown in Fig. 4 a.Fig. 4 b has shown how RIT10 is positioned in the sub-component 30 so that each antenna 12, signal source or sensor align with groove 38 in the sub-component 30.The pipe shoe 42 that lands preferably also can produce lock out action, prevents when being used in RIT10 is engaged in sub-component 30 that RIT10 from producing any axially-movable.

Fig. 6, one embodiment of the present of invention comprise centralizer 44, it is used to make RIT10 to keep centering and stable in sub-component 30, reduces impact-level, and reduces the influence of movement of tool to measuring.One or more centralizers 44 can be installed, to limit RIT10 and it can not bumped against with the internal diameter of sub-component 30 in centre bore 32.One or more spring leafs 46 also can be installed and make it to extend, so that the stability of location is provided for RIT10 from centralizer 44.In the time of in RIT10 is engaged in sub-component 30, spring leaf 46 is crushed on the RIT10.Can adopt the bolt 48 that has O-ring seals 50 that centralizer 44 is fixed in the sub-component 30, barrier keep-ups pressure between the internal diameter of sub-component 30 and external diameter simultaneously.

Perhaps, centralizer 44 can be installed in that RIT10 goes up rather than sub-component 30 on (seeing Figure 16).In this case, centralizer 44 can be configured to remain on the withdrawal pattern during boring down, and opens when RIT10 arrives sub-component 30 places.Be appreciated that the present invention also can adopt the structure of other centralizer 44 as known in the art.

RIT10 and sub-component 30 have and the similar EM characteristic of coaxial cable, and wherein RIT10 is used as the inner wire of coaxial cable, and sub-component 30 is as outer conductor.Conduct electricity if get out mud, should " coaxial cable " have loss so.If get out mud is oil base, should " coaxial cable " have very little decay so.May produce the coupling of passive antenna 12 between receiver-receiver in sub-component 30 or the transmitter-receiver.As mentioned above, be grounding on the axle of RIT10, to reduce electric capacity and the TEM coupling between them round the shielding part 26 of antenna 12.Antenna 12 is carried out electric equilibrium also can suppress the TEM coupling.Centralizer 44 also can be used as contact device, so that radio frequency (RF) short circuit is provided between RIT10 and sub-component 30, thereby prevents parasitic couplings.For example, the steamboat shape part (not shown) that has pointed tooth can be installed on centralizer 44, so that between RIT10 and sub-component 30, guarantee hard short circuit (hardshort).

Pressure barrier.Because each groove 38 fully passes the wall of sub-component 30, therefore adopt the pressure barrier structure of insulation to keep pressure differential between sub-component 30 inside and outside, and keep the fluid power integrality.Existing several different methods to be between the internal diameter of sub-component 30 and the external diameter in fluting portion section 36 and forms pressure barrier.

Come 7a with the aid of pictures, shown an embodiment with sub-component 30 of pressure barrier structure of the present invention among the figure.In the centre bore 32 of sub-component 30, be provided with cylindrical sleeve 52 alignedly with groove 38.Sleeve 52 is formed by the material that can see through the EM energy.Spendable material is included in polyether-ketone one class of being introduced in the U.S. Patent No. 4320224, perhaps other suitable resin.Be positioned at the Victrex USA of Pennsylvanian West Chester, Inc. has produced the resin of a kind of PEEK of being called.Another kind of available compound is called PEK.Cytec Fiberite, Greene Tweed and BASF AG have sold other suitable thermoplastic resin material.U.S. Patent No. 6300762 (having transferred assignee of the present invention) has been introduced a class PAEK sill, and it can be used for implementing the present invention.Another kind of available material is the tetragonal phase zirconia ceramics (TZP) by the Coors Ceramics company production of the Golden that is positioned at the state of Colorado.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these and other material is combinable to form available sleeve 52.

PEK and PEEK can bear bigger pressure loading and be used for abominable conditions down-hole.Pottery can bear very high load, but they are not shock-resistant especially.Also can adopt the composition of the PEEK of winding or PEK and glass, graphite or Kevlar fabric to improve the intensity of sleeve 52.

In centre bore 32, include baffle ring 54 and spacing body 56, be used for stop sleeve 52 and moving and aiming at respect to groove 38 is provided.Sleeve 52 is between baffle ring 54 and the spacing body 56, and baffle ring 54 and spacing body 56 form the cylinder of hollow, so that be co-axially mounted in the centre bore 32.The two is all preferably made by stainless steel.Baffle ring 54 links to each other with sleeve 52 at the one end, and sleeve 52 is co-axially mounted in the baffle ring 54.When the differential pressure in the internal diameter of sub-component 30 increased during operation, sleeve 52 had born load, and sub-component 30 and the pressure isolation in the slot area are opened.Keep the fluid power integrality by the junction of O-ring seals 53 between sleeve 52 and baffle ring 54.Adopt assembling " key " 55 that sleeve 52 is engaged with baffle ring 54, prevent relative another rotation (seeing the zoomed-in view 7a-1 of Fig. 7 a) in them.Index pin 57 is mounted to and passes sub-component 30 and engage with the free end of baffle ring 54, in case baffle ring rotates in the hole 32 of sub-component 30.Also be provided with O-ring seals 59 in the groove on the external diameter of baffle ring 54, so that between baffle ring 54 and sub-component 30, provide fluid-tight.

In operation, inner sleeve 52 may produce axial thermal expansion because of higher downhole temperature.Therefore, preferably make sleeve 52 when bearing these variations, carry out axially-movable, so that prevent bending.Spacing body 56 comprises the inner cylinder 60 that is in the exterior circular column 62.The spring 64 that is in the end place on inner cylinder 60 external diameters provides the axial force that overcomes external cylinder 62 (being similar to automobile absorber).Exterior circular column 62 adopts key 55 to link to each other with sleeve 52 with O-ring seals 53 in the junction, as above gives an account of to continue and shown in zoomed-in view Fig. 7 a-1 of Fig. 7 a.Spring-loaded spacing body 56 is used to solve the different heat expansion of parts.The sub-component 30 of Fig. 7 a illustrated embodiment is shown as by screw-type oil well joint 70 and links to each other with other pipe fitting.

For purposes of illustration, in Fig. 7 a, shown the sub-component 30 that only has a groove 38.Other embodiment can comprise several sleeve 52 (not shown) that interconnect in this way, so that provide independent pressure barrier on a plurality of fluting portion section 36.In this structure, on whole fluting portion section, only adopted two O-ring seals 53 to seal the internal diameter of sub-component 30.This has just reduced to greatest extent and in assembling or maintenance period O-ring seals 53 has been hauled out relevant danger from groove 38.Fig. 7 b has shown the sectional view (along the line A-A among Fig. 7 a) of the sub-component 30 of the structure with three grooves 38.

Fig. 8 a has shown another embodiment with sub-component 30 of pressure barrier structure of the present invention.In this embodiment, spring-loaded spacing body 62 makes exterior circular column 62 keep being pressed against on the sleeve 52, and O-ring seals 68 places the groove on the external diameter of sleeve 52, preferably is in the two ends of groove 38.Baffle ring 54 leans against on the shoulder or protuberance 58 on the wall that is formed at centre bore 32 at one end.Fig. 8 b has shown the sectional view (along the line B-B among Fig. 8 a) of the sub-component 30 of the structure with three grooves 38.

In another embodiment of pressure barrier structure of the present invention, can will be bonded on the metal inserted piece (not shown) by PEEK or PEK, glass, graphite or the made sleeve 52 of these materials that is filled with Kevlar fabric, wherein this mold insert comprises that O-ring seals is to seal sub-component 30 as described above.Metal inserted piece can be installed in the sub-component 30 as described above, or uses fastener or stop pin (not shown) to install.Bush material also can be molded or be wound on and supports on the mold insert.Fiber in the outer cover material material also can align so that extra intensity to be provided.

Fig. 9 a has shown another embodiment of pressure barrier structure of the present invention.In this embodiment, cylindrical sleeve 52 keeps aliging with groove 38 by metal baffle ring 72.Baffle ring 72 can form single-piece, and has the suitable groove that cuts out 74 and pass through for signal, and as shown in the figure, perhaps forming can be at the independent parts (not shown) of top and place, bottom stop sleeve 52.Can limit axially-movable or the rotation of baffle ring 72 in sub-component 30 by in the multiple device known in the art any, these devices comprise index pin mechanism or key formula nut-locking device (not shown).Also can fill the protectiveness mold insert in groove 38, it will be explained in greater detail below.In operation, RIT10 is in the sub-component 30, makes antenna 12 align with groove 38.

Shown in Fig. 9 b, baffle ring 72 forms and makes in its internal diameter that extends to sub-component 30 and internal diameter is reduced, so that restriction RIT10.Mud flows by some passages in the baffle ring 72 or the circular passage 78 between opening 76 and RIT10 and the baffle ring 72.Baffle ring 72 is in fact as centralizer, so that RIT10 is settled out and make the internal diameter that it can knockson assembly 30, reduces impact-level and improves reliability.

Figure 10 has shown another embodiment of pressure barrier structure of the present invention.Sub-component 30 can form has prefabrication joint 80, makes sleeve 52 can be inserted in the centre bore 32.Sleeve 52 is formed as described above, and adopts the interior O-ring seals 82 of groove at the place, external diameter two ends that is in sleeve 52 that liquid seal is provided.By the end of flange 84 on the end that is formed at two pieces type sub-component 30 and sub-component 30 joints that match, just can limit the axially-movable of sleeve 52 in centre bore 32.Because it is concordant with the cavity 86 on sub-component 30 internal diameters that sleeve 52 is placed into, therefore this structure allows major diameter RIT10 to pass through without restriction.This structure also makes it possible to easily touch sleeve 52 and groove 38, to keep in repair and to check.

Figure 11 has shown another embodiment of pressure barrier structure of the present invention among the figure.Groove 38 in the sub-component 30 has three steps, and preferably has the end of complete rounding.One of them step provides the support shoulder 90 that is used for mold insert 92, and other two surfaces have formed the geometry that is used for O-ring seals groove 94 and mold insert 92.Improved O-ring seals is included in the O-ring seals 96 that suitable step place launches around mold insert 92, and is provided with metalwork 98 on the both sides of O-ring seals 96.Metalwork 98 is preferably the form of closed-loop.

Sleeve 52 can be installed in the sub-component 30 by one or more O-ring seals (not shown), so that improve the fluid power integrality as described above.As shown in figure 11, sleeve 52 also can have the groove 100 through its wall, so that provide clog-free passage for any signal that inputs or outputs.Each groove 38 that sleeve 52 can be in the sub-component 30 is provided with a groove that matches 100.

Mold insert 92 and sleeve 52 are preferably made by aforesaid dielectric material, so that allow the EM energy to pass through.Yet if sleeve 52 is provided with groove 100, sleeve 52 can be formed by any suitable material so.

If sleeve 52 is provided with groove 100, the internal pressure of sub-component 30 can outwards promote mold insert 92.Support shoulder 90 and will bear this load.When internal pressure raise, O-ring seals 96 promoted metalwork 98 and leans against on the top clearance, and this can block this gap effectively.As a result, there is not the space that O-ring seals 96 is extruded.Because metal is much harder than the O-ring seals material, it not can be extruded.Therefore, this improved geometry has formed such situation, and promptly soft part (O-ring seals) provides sealing, and hard part (metal ring) can prevent to extrude, and this is desirable sealing condition.When pressure reversal, sleeve 52 is enclosed within the groove 38 mold insert 92, has prevented that mold insert 92 from moving.

The present invention also can adopt other pressure barrier structure.A kind of method is to adopt plurality of single sleeve 52, and it links to each other by other location structure and is sealed by pressure reduction or the nut-locking device (not shown) is fixed.Other method is to adopt long sleeve 52 with on a plurality of fluting portion section 38 (not shown).Another method is to use the sleeve 52 on the external diameter that is fixed in sub-component 30 on the slot area, perhaps uses the combination (will discuss hereinafter) of inner sleeve and outer sleeve.

The groove mold insert.Though to open wide fully and do not have under the situation of groove 38 of obstruction be effectively to fluting of the present invention portion section having, yet by preventing that chip and fluid from entering and etching tank 38 and insulating sleeve 52, can prolong the application life of assembly.Can be in groove 38 filled rubber, epoxy resin-glass fiber compound or other suitable filler so that stop fluid and chip but allow signal to pass through simultaneously.

The embodiment that in Figure 12 a, has shown the sub-component 30 that has cone tank 38.Groove 38 is taper, makes outside opening W1 narrower than inside opening W2, shown in Figure 12 b.In cone tank 38, inserted the taper voussoir 88 of insulation materials (as glass-epoxy).Voussoir 88 can be by rubber adhesion in sub-component 30.Rubber layer has surrounded voussoir 88 and it has been adhered in the sub-component 30.Also can on the interior and/or external surface of sub-component 30, be molded into rubber ring spare, so that voussoir 88 is sealed in the groove 38.

The focusing glass shield structure.The measurement that the decay that the TE radiation that is produced by simple annular antenna 12 is taken place via the single groove 38 of suitable dimension is carried out demonstrates, and TE weakens the field significantly.Yet,, can reduce this decay by around antenna 12, using shielding part so that the EM field is focused in the groove 38.

Come 13a with the aid of pictures, will be by being that to be installed in diameter be on 1 inch the metal RIT10 for antenna 12 that 25 circle leads on 1.75 inches the bobbin constitute around diameter, and with its complete radial disbalance to place internal diameter be that 3.55 inches, external diameter are the hole of 6.75 inches sub-component 30, and make it lean against on the groove 38 and centering vertically on groove 38.The measurement of the TE field between the 25kHz-2MHz decays to 16.5 decibels of almost stable.

Come 13b with the aid of pictures, adopt to be in the thin shielding part 102 interior antennas 12 that formed by metal tube and to carry out identical measurement, this metal tube has 0.5 inch wide, 6 inches long groove 104 (not shown) that align with groove 38 in the sub-component 30.Antenna 12 places sub-component 30 and complete conductively-closed part 102 to surround, but makes an exception at open slot 104 places.

This assembly decays to 11.8 decibels in same sub-component 30, the reduction of decay is near 5 decibels.Figure 13 b and 13c have shown respectively how shielding part 102 influences magnetic field and electric field.Only very little by these shielding part 102 caused decay.

Figure 14 has shown another embodiment of shielding construction of the present invention.In this embodiment, the centre bore 32 of sub-component 30 is constructed with supporting structure 106, and it is round antenna 12, as focusing on shielding part in the time of in RIT10 is engaged in sub-component 30.

Figure 15 has shown another embodiment of shielding construction of the present invention.The axle of RIT10 has the depression or the cavity 108 of machining on its main body.Being wrapped in the loop aerial of being made by dielectric material on the bobbin 110 12 is installed in the cavity 108.Can adopt ferrite bar to replace dielectric bobbin 110.In this structure, the main body of RIT10 self is as focusing on shielding part.By sealing Cui antenna 12, thereby keep the fluid power integrality of RIT10 with glass fiber-epoxy resin, rubber or other suitable material.To measure this be the decay of having twined the loop aerials 12 of 200 circles on 0.875 inch the bobbin at diameter to being installed in this assembly in the same sub-component 30 in the same manner as described above.Measured decay only is～7 decibels.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the signal source/sensor that also can in the cavity 108 of RIT10, hold other type.

RIT/ sub-component structure.Figure 16 has shown another embodiment of the present invention.Sub-component 30 of the present invention links to each other with another pipe fitting 111 of a part that has formed drill string.RIT10 comprises antenna 12, be in the guide head 14 of lower end and be in the fishing head 16 of upper end.Guide head 14 is accepted by the pipe shoe 42 that lands on the sub-component 30, and this pipe shoe 42 is used for antenna 12 is alignd with fluting portion section 36.As mentioned above, the RIT10 of this embodiment comprises the various electronic units, battery, downhole processor, the clock that are in the pressure casing, reads (not shown) such as port and memory.RIT10 also can comprise various types of signal source/sensor known in the art.

RIT with modulator.RIT shown in Figure 16 also is equipped with and is used for carrying out the modulator 116 that signal is communicated by letter with ground.As known in the art, available modulator 116 comprises rotary valve, and it can be operated under the continuous pressure ripple in mud column.Phase place (frequency modulation) by changing signal also detects these variations, just can transmit signal between ground and RIT10.By this structure, operating personnel can send RIT10 through drill string, with the survey data (for example resistivity or gamma-rays number) of acquisition formation characteristics, and in real time this data are passed to ground.Perhaps, all or some survey data can downhole stored in the RIT10 memory for later retrieval.Modulator 116 can be used for also verifying whether RIT10 correctly is in the sub-component 30 and whether this measurement correctly works.The assembly that those skilled in the art will appreciate that modulator 116 can be incorporated among the embodiment of all RIT/ sub-components of the present invention.

Figure 17 has shown another embodiment of the present invention.Sub-component 30 of the present invention and RIT10 are used in ground and along the communication of carrying out data and/or instruction between the remote tool 112 of drill string setting.For purposes of illustration, instrument 112 is shown as at the place, bottom of driving shaft 114 and is provided with drill bit box 113.Driving shaft 114 links to each other with drill motor 115 with bearing portions 117 by internal transmission assembly (not shown).Instrument 112 also has the antenna 12 that is installed on the drill bit box 113.Motor 115 makes axle 114 rotations, and axle 114 makes 113 rotations of drill bit box, therefore antenna 12 is rotated during drilling well.

In structure shown in Figure 17, RIT10 can be engaged in the sub-component 30 at the place, ground, perhaps sends through drill string when sub-component 30 is in required down well placement.Engage in case form, just can set up wireless communication link between the antenna 12 on antenna on the RIT10 12 and the instrument 112, signal transmits through fluting portion section 36.So just can between ground and downhole tool 112, set up real-time radio communication.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that and can the sensor and/or the signal transmission of other type be installed on various types of remote tool 112, so that communicate with the related device that is installed on the RIT10.

Magnetic resonance detection.Know that when the assembly with magnetic moment when for example proton is exposed in the magnetostatic field, they are tending towards having caused the volume magnetization along the magnetic direction alignment.By measuring align again their the used time quantum of axis of rotation of proton, just can obtain degree of porosity, movable fluid and permeability quick and not have the mensuration of destruction about the stratum.This is found in A.Timur, the pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance research of Porosity of Sandstone, movable fluid and permeability, and JOURNAL 0F PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY, June 1969, p.775.Having introduced the nuclear magnetic resonance that adopts these technology in U.S. Patent No. 4717876 surveys and instrument.

By of the present invention non magnetic sub-component 30 as shown in figure 18, can from magnetic resonance, obtain the mensuration of formation porosity.Sub-component 30 can be formed by normally used high-strength nonmagnetic steel in the industry.RIT10 comprises aforesaid electronic unit, battery, CPU, memory etc.The relative permanent magnet 118 that is contained in the RIT10 provides magnetic field.RF coil 120 has been installed between magnet 118, has been used in the same area, producing the proton of magnetic field with near stratum encouraging.The design class of RF coil 120 is similar to above-mentioned antenna 12, its for have be used for lead by and the multi-ring annular antenna of the central tube of mechanical strength is provided.Permanent magnet 118 and RF coil 120 preferably are contained in the nonmagnetic portion of sub-component 30, are provided with the axial groove 38 with pressure barrier structure (not shown) of the present invention in this part.

By non magnetic sub-component 30, the magnetostatic field B of permanent magnet 118 ₀In the stratum around being penetrated into, with the proton in the stratum around the excitation.Coil 120 among the RIT10 provides RF magnetic field B ₁, its outside at sub-component 30 is orthogonal to magnetostatic field B ₀RF coil 120 is positioned to align with axial groove 38 in the sub-component 30.

Magnetic resonance measurement during drilling is measured complicated more than propagation resistivity, this is owing to there being following reason, comprise: efficient, the energy requirement that the antenna of high Q is tuning, higher and the slower logging speed of intrinsic shape factor, RF coil than low signal-to-noise ratio, permanent magnet.

Gamma-ray measurement.Know, can adopt characteristic such as the density of measuring the stratum via the gamma-rays transmission measurement on stratum.The gamma-rays reciprocation of Compton scattering only depends on the number density of scattered electron.This is directly proportional with the bulk density on stratum again.Traditional logging tool has adopted detector and gamma ray projector, and its interactive originate mode is Compton scattering.This is found in the U.S. Patent No. 5250806 that transfers assignee of the present invention.The gamma-rays stratum measurement has been applied in the LWT technology.This is found in: saved gamma-ray time of use, OIL﹠amp with removing well logging; GAS JOURNAL, June 1996, pp.65-66.As is known in the art, the present invention can be used for obtaining gamma-ray measurement, and the advantage better than known embodiments is provided.

Sub-component 30 of the present invention provides drill-well operation required structural integrity, also provides simultaneously to be used for the low-density passage that gamma-rays passes through.Come 4b with the aid of pictures, this structure can be used for illustrating gamma-rays embodiment of the present invention.In this embodiment, RIT10 is equipped with gamma ray projector and gamma-ray detector (not shown), and its type has introduction as is known in the art and in the patent of ' 806.Available gamma ray projector and gamma-ray detector (not shown) replace the antenna 12 shown in Fig. 4 b.

In measuring, this class adopts two gamma-ray detectors usually.As known in the art, gamma-ray detector place RIT10 to go up and with the isolated suitable distance of radiographic source.Fluting portion section 36 also can suitably be placed to and can be complementary with the radiographic source of RIT10 and the position of detector.May need measurement is calibrated so that accurately measure the ray that transmits along the inside of sub-component 30.As is known in the art, gamma-ray detector also can suitably be contained in the RIT10, so as with they with shield from radiogenic direct radiation.

Figure 14 can adopt this structure that another gamma-rays embodiment of the present invention is described.When RIT10 was equipped with described gamma-rays assembly also prejudicially towards groove 38, this structure can be caught the gamma-rays of scattering more efficiently, and loss still less is provided.

Resistivity measurement.The present invention can be used for adopting electromagnetic propagation technology as known in the art to measure the resistivity on stratum, and these technology are included in to be introduced among U.S. Patent No. 5594343 and the No.4899112 (all having transferred assignee of the present invention).Figure 19 a and 19b have shown the structure of two kinds of RIT10/ sub-components 30 of the present invention.Adopt a pair of reception antenna Rx that is in the center to measure the phase shift and the decay of EM ripple.Can use look-up table to determine phase shift resistivity and damping resistance rate.On the reception antenna Rx and under be equipped with transmitting antenna Tx, they can be the structures that wherein has two symmetrically arranged transmitting antenna Tx shown in Figure 19 a, or shown in Figure 19 b wherein on the reception antenna Rx and under be provided with the structure of several transmitting antennas Tx.Architecture shown in Figure 19 a can be used for measuring the resistivity of pit shaft compensating phase shift and decay, and a plurality of isolated Tx shown in Figure 19 b can measure the pit shaft compensating phase shift and the decay at a plurality of depth of exploration place.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that and also can adopt other signal source/sensor construction and algorithm or model to carry out stratum measurement and definite formation characteristics.

The RIT/ sub-component of inductive.Figure 20 has shown other embodiment of sub-component 30 of the present invention and RIT10 in the drawings.Sub-component 30 comprises on one or more external diameters that are installed in elongate body to be used to send and/or receive the monolithic antenna 12 of electromagnetic energy.Antenna 12 is embedded in the glass-epoxy by aforesaid rubber molded part.Sub-component 30 also has one or more inductive couplers 122 that distribute along its tube wall.

RIT10 has the pressure casing of minor diameter, for example aforesaid shell, and it comprises electronic unit, battery, downhole processor, clock, reads port and record storage etc., and one or more inductive coupler of installing along its main body 122.

As shown in figure 21, RIT10 is provided with in sub-component 30 prejudicially, makes that the inductive coupler 122 among the RIT10 is closely adjacent with the inductive coupler 122 in the sub-component 30.Coupler 120 comprises the winding that is formed at around the ferrite main body as known in the art.Bypass 124 links to each other the lead of antenna 12 with the inductive coupler 122 of the little depression 126 that is arranged in sub-component 30.The metal screen 128 that has vertical channel has covered each antenna 12, is not mechanically damaged to protect it, and required em filtering performance is provided, as mentioned above.RIT10 correctly locatees the efficient that has improved inductive in sub-component 30.Adopt the guide head and the pipe shoe that lands (to see that Fig. 4 a) finishes the location, make RIT10 be in prejudicially in the sub-component 30.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that and also can adopt other eccentric system to implement the present invention.

Shown in Figure 22 a, inductive coupler 122 has the U-shaped core of being made by ferrite.Ferrite core and winding are contained in glass fiber-epoxy resin, are lived by rubber 131 molded, and are installed in the coupler encapsulation 130 that is formed by metal.Coupler encapsulation 130 can be formed by stainless steel or nonmagnetic metal.Around inductive coupler encapsulation 130, be provided with standard O-ring seals 132, so that fluid-tight to be provided.Inductive coupler 122 among the RIT10 also can be contained in glass fiber-epoxy resin and by rubber 131 molded.Also the thin cylindrical shield spare (not shown) of being made by PEEK or PEK can be set on the external diameter of sub-component 30, so that protect and fix coupler encapsulation 130.

In operation, exist the gap between inductive coupler 122 in RIT10 and the sub-component 30, make coupling can't reach 100% effectively.For the influence that improves coupling efficiency and alleviate the pole-face misalignment, wish that pole-face has big as far as possible surface area.

Figure 22 b has shown long, the 1 inch wide groove 38 of 3.75 inches in the sub-component 30.The pole-face of this inductive coupler 122 is 1.1 inches long and 0.75 inch wide, so just has one 0.825 square inch overlapping region.This structure has kept higher coupling efficiency, and alleviated the motion of the influence that brings by following reason: RIT10 during drilling well or drilling, the deviation in the gap between the inductive coupler 122, and RIT10 is with respect to the deviation of the angle of sub-component 30.Another advantage of the design of elongated slot 38 is that it provides the space for the pressure bypass 124 in the inductive coupler encapsulation 130.

Also can encapsulate if necessary antenna tuned cell (capacitor) is set in 130 at this.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in the wall of sub-component 30, to form other hatch frame, for example circuit hole as shown in figure 20 to realize required inductive.

Because the in most of the cases high 1-2 kip of the pressure/square inch (Kpsi) outside the pressure ratio sub-component 30 in the sub-component 30, so inductive encapsulates 130 and should mechanically be fixed.Figure 23 can adopt radome part 128 that inductive coupler encapsulation 130 is fixed.Shielding part 128 has the aforesaid groove that is on the antenna 12, but is solid in other position.Solid section has been fixed inductive coupler encapsulation 130, and bears and come from the load that differential pressure is fallen.Also can encapsulate 130 outer setting protuberance (not shown), to prevent its inside motion at inductive coupler.Shielding part 128 also can be within it be provided with screw thread on the footpath, and this screw thread engages with cooperation " claw " (not shown) on the sub-component 30.

Figure 24 has shown the simplification circuit model of an embodiment who is used for inductive coupler of the present invention and transmitting antenna.In the RIT10 side, electric current is I ₁, voltage is V ₁In sub-component 30 sides, electric current is I ₂, voltage is V ₂Mutual induction amount is M, and the self-inductance of each halfbody is L.This inductive coupler is symmetrical, has the identical number of turns on each halfbody.Defined I in Figure 24 ₂Direction on, the pass of voltage and current is V ₁=j ω LI ₁+ j ω MI ₂And V ₂=j ω MI ₁+ j ω LI ₂Antenna impedance is primary electrical sensibility reciprocal (L _A) add little impedance part (R _A), i.e. Z _A=R _A+ j ω L _AAs a rule inductive impedance is about 100 Europe, and resistive impedance is about 10 Europe.Can adopt tuning capacitor (C) to offset antenna impedance, make the impedance Z of RIT side ₂=R _A+ j ω L _A-j/ ω C～R _AThe ratio that is sent to electric current and the electric current that is used to drive inductive coupler on the antenna is I ₂/ I ₁=-j ω M/ (j ω L+R _A+ j ω L _A-j/ ω C).Inductive coupler has the core of many circles and high permeability, so L＞＞L _AAnd ω L＞＞＞R _AIn order to estimate I exactly ₂/ I ₁The M/L of=～-(sign is relevant with the sense of current shown in Figure 24).

Embodiment.As mentioned above, RIT10 can be equipped with the internal data store device, other form of for example traditional memory and this class device known in the art or that develop afterwards.These storage devices are used in the communication of carrying out data and/or instruction between ground and the down-hole RIT10.Received signal data can be in downhole stored in storage device, and uses for later retrieval when RIT10 turns back on the ground.As is known in the art, the computer (or other tape deck) at place, ground can be preserved the down well placement of sub-component and the track of time, therefore the data of being stored can be associated with down well placement.Perhaps, signal data and/or instruction can communicate between ground and RIT10 in real time by LWD/MWD remote measurement known in the art (comprising the EMAG remote measurement).

Figure 25 has shown according to of the present invention being used for and has sent and/or the flow chart of the method 300 of received signal via the stratum.This method comprises: adopt drill string to pass the stratum and get out pit shaft, this drill string comprises the sub-component of the elongate body with band tube wall, and comprise at least one section that has wherein formed at least one groove, each described at least one groove fully sees through tube wall so that be the passage that provides continuous of passing through of electromagnetic energy, 305; Make and insert tool engagement in sub-component, this insertion instrument is provided with sender unit and/or signal receiving device, 310; Should insert tool positioned in sub-component, and make at least one signal transmission or receiving system align 315 with at least one the fluting portion section on the sub-component; And come via stratum transmitt or receive signal, 320 by transmission or receiving system respectively.

Figure 26 has shown the flow chart that is used to measure the method 400 of the formation characteristics around the pit shaft according to of the present invention.This method comprises: at least one sender unit and at least one signal receiving device are set, 405 on downhole tool; The end fitting that can hold fishing head or cable connector, 410 are set on downhole tool; And use fishing head on this instrument with this tool engagement in drill string, so that when drill string passes pit shaft, utilize sending and receiving device to measure formation characteristics, 415; Adopt the cable connector on this instrument that cable is connected on the instrument, and make instrument be suspended in the pit shaft utilizing sending and receiving device to measure formation characteristics 420.

Method 400 shown in Figure 26 can adopt insertion instrument 10 of the present invention and sub-component 30 to implement.The insertion instrument can be constructed with end section or capping (not shown), and it can hold above-mentioned fishing head or cable connector.When fishing head linked to each other with the insertion instrument, this instrument can be as using according to the disclosed embodiments.By cable connector, the rope that this insertion instrument can be used as memory mode removes instrument.

Be appreciated that the following method that is used for lip-deep opening of sealed pipe fittings or groove is based on disclosed pressure barrier structure of the present invention and groove mold insert.

Figure 27 has shown the flow chart of the method 500 that is used for the lip-deep opening of sealed pipe fittings, and wherein this pipe fitting has elongate body, and this main body comprises tube wall and centre bore.This method comprises: mold insert is put in the opening, and mold insert forms the shape of this opening, 505; And on mold insert and/or opening, apply jointing material, so that mold insert is bonded in this opening 510.

Figure 28 has shown the flow chart of the method 600 that is used for the lip-deep opening that sees through fully of sealed pipe fittings, and wherein this pipe fitting has elongate body, and this main body comprises tube wall and centre bore.This method comprises: mold insert is put in the opening, and mold insert forms the shape of this opening, 605; And the baffle ring device put into pipe fitting, so that mold insert is supported on the opening 610.

The present invention also can implement in conjunction with traditional MWD device that trips out He can reset known in the art.A this device is SLIMPULSE (trade mark of a Schlumberger company) instrument.These instruments are the MWD instruments that can trip out, and they are located in the drill collar and are used to carry out various measurement while drillings.These devices generally include the fishing head that is in the upper end, are used for tripping out device and needn't the rod pulling post from drill collar.By sub-component of the present invention is incorporated among the BHA, RIT of the present invention just can be used in combination with these devices that can trip out, and can not damage the tripping out property of this device and refitting property simultaneously.Figure 29 has shown such an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 29 has shown the sub-component 30 that has groove, and it is connected in the drill string 136 and has formed its part.RIT10 is shown as and places in the sub-component.This specific embodiment of RIT10 is equipped with lower end in the top can select the coupling device that discharges.Fishing head 16 is stretched from upper end.At lower end, RIT10 comprises " fishing socket instrument " 138, and it is used for engaging with fishing head as known in the art and linking to each other.One or more spacing bodies 139 or extension have also been connected in the lower end of RIT, so that regulate its length as described below.Spacing body 139 is the simple pipe fitting of all lengths, and is as known in the art, and it at one end has external screw thread, and has internal thread at the other end.

Also be provided with the device 140 that independently can trip out in the convex shoulder 137 of drill string, it links to each other with the lower end of RIT10.Device 140 can comprise any traditional instrument that trips out (for example above-mentioned) or the downhole hardware that is designed for other type of using in drill collar as known in the art.Device 140 is equipped with guide head at its lower end, and it is installed in the pipe shoe 42 or be located in the sleeve in the convex shoulder 137 of landing, and is similar with embodiment shown in Figure 16.At upper end device 140 fishing head 16 is housed, it engages with the fishing socket instrument 138 of the lower end of RIT10.Device 140 also can be provided with modulator and signal source or sensor, to obtain required measurement (not shown).

Figure 30 has shown more detailed view embodiment illustrated in fig. 29.RIT10 is shown as signal source described here or sensor 141 is installed.RIT is equipped with pressure barrier device 142 of the present invention, to provide required sealing at groove 38 places.RIT10 also can be provided with one or more Centering Clamping devices 44 or driver, so that make RIT be centered in the sub-component 30 when RIT is placed in the sub-component and keep this centering.Centralizer 44 preferably is located on the RIT, make they on axial location corresponding to the contraction position of sub-component 30, this position has the hole bigger slightly than centralizer.Those skilled in the art will recognize that centralizer 44 can fix or be installed on the RIT10 in any suitable manner.

In operation, sub-component 30 is joined at the enterprising luggage of the convex shoulder that is suitable for storing apparatus 140.To install 140 then and be inserted in the convex shoulder 137, and fix its orientation and make it to be fixed in and land in the pipe shoe 42.RIT10 axially aligning by the simple computation that can access RIT signal source/sensor 141 and install the correct distance between 140 the fishing head 16 in sub-component 30 guarantees.Axial distance between the groove array 38 of fishing head 16 and sub-component was determined before BHA is put into pit shaft.Then sub-component 30 being in drill string in the BHA places and treats the drilling well tube.Perhaps, also can after drill collar is put into pit shaft, will install 140 pumpings and go down, perhaps tie up to shuttle in drill string on the cable.

Make RIT10 pass drill string then to be engaged in the sub-component 30.As required, can be at the lower end of RIT10 connecting axle to spacing body 139, so that form the axial length of appropriate amount, to allow signal source/sensor 141 align with the groove 38 of sub-component (deciding) by the measurement of between the erecting stage of BHA, being carried out.Fishing socket instrument 138 is set below spacing body 139.The fishing socket instrument is put on the fishing head of device and is engaged with it.Fishing socket instrument 138 also can be provided with the safety pin assembly, is applying certain pressure or tension force, is for example applying to upper pulling force or downwards its can be cut off during the thrust (not shown).Therefore, fishing socket instrument 138 is at RIT10 with install the connection that has formed alternative release between 140.Canadian InnicorSubsurface Technologies Inc. company has made the instrument of a kind of CJC of being called PULLINGTOOL, and it can be used for realizing fishing socket instrument 138 of the present invention.More information about the instrument of Innicor can be in network address Http:// www.innicor.comIn find.

In case reached the required degree of depth through drilling well, just adopted cable unit such as standard rope or steel wire to salvage assembly with the RIT10 pull-up.Salvage on the bottom of assembly used and with RIT above the fishing socket that links to each other of fishing head 16 also the safety pin assembly can be set, to form the connection of alternative release.By steel wire or rope (not shown) fishing string and RIT are put into well then.Fishing socket 138 with place, RIT10 bottom is placed on the device 140 then, and adopts cable unit to cut off the pin that fishing string is linked to each other with RIT, makes RIT link to each other with the fishing head of device.After correctly laying, owing between fishing socket 138 and RIT10, have state; Axial spacing body 139, so signal source/sensor 141 will axially align with the groove 38 of sub-component.

From well, take out cable unit then.BHA (and RIT/ sub-component system) is being logged well when tripping out from well.If BHA is stuck in the well, also can adopt identical cable unit and salvaging assembly to take out RIT10 and device 140.Pulling rather than shearing motion can make device 140 take out from it lands pipe shoe usually stably, and can not cut off the safety pin in the fishing socket that two equipment are linked to each other.

Above-mentioned RIT10 and MWD device 140 process combined are just realized a kind of technology of the present invention.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that according to condition of work and requirement, when enforcement is of the present invention, also can adopt other fishing socket structures/assemblies.Owing to comprise that the drill string that moves of RIT has at least two fishing sockets 138 in well, each fishing socket all has multiple structure, so its possibility is very many.For example, another technology of the present invention can stop drill-well operation RIT is lowered into the top of MWD device, is logged well in the zone of being paid close attention to, and trips out RIT and continue to come drilling well with the device in this well 140 still.

Another embodiment of the present invention combines RIT10 and fluting sub-component 30, so that realize the present invention with the downhole hardware that nuclear or radiation emission source are installed, this needs particular processing and must carry out strict Environmental Studies.In U.S. Patent No. 4879463, introduced a kind of like this device.Be somebody's turn to do the MWD device that ' 463 patent has been introduced in the drill collar of being located at a part that has formed drill string and accommodated gamma ray projector.Radiographic source places on the interior carrier that trips out of drill collar, therefore, if BHA is stuck or produces other fault, just can salvage and take out gamma ray projector from well.Figure 31 has shown another embodiment of the present invention, and it comprises the gamma ray projector 146 that is arranged in the drill string 136.

RIT10 locates fishing head 16 is installed in the top, and comprises the remainder big a lot of section 148 of diameter than RIT main body.This excessive section 148 can be formed on the RIT during manufacture, perhaps adopts securing member or any appropriate device known in the art that a cylinder is installed on the RIT.In drill string, connected " a suspension sub-component " 150.Sub-component 150 comprises the standard part of drill collar, and the exception part is that it comprises the snap close that is installed in its endoporus and fixing centralizer 152.Centralizer 152 is similar with traditional centralizer, and enough unhinderedly passes through with permission fishing socket instrument 138 greatly, but the excessive section 148 that can limit on the RIT simultaneously therefrom passes through.

Therefore, the excessive section 148 on the RIT provides one " hanger flange ", and it engages with centralizer 152 to prevent that RIT from entering deeply excessively in drill string.Figure 32 has shown the sectional view of centralizer 152.In the time of in RIT is engaged in suspension sub-component 150, this excessive section 148 will lean against on the centralizer, and the passage 154 in the centralizer still allows the mud in the drill string 136 to pass through.

In this embodiment, RIT10 can put on the nuclear or radiation emission source 146 in the sub-component, and still can provide tripping out property for source 146.If must trip out source 146, just extract RIT out by fishing head 16, put down fishing string to trip out this source via centralizer 152 then from source carrier 156.The embodiment of Figure 31 has shown that RIT10 extends in the fluting sub-component 30 of the present invention, makes that source/sensor 141 aligns with the groove 38 of sub-component when excessive section 148 engages with centralizer 152.In this embodiment, be provided with dynatron assembly 158 between suspension centralizer 152 in drill string and the fluting sub-component 30.Can simply calculate to determine assurance source/sensor required suitable sub-component 158 that aligns with groove.In certain embodiments, fluting sub-component 30 also comprises centralizer 152 (not shown).Other embodiment combines centralizer 152 and source carrier 156 in a fluting sub-component 30, therefore have only an extra sub-component to be connected in the drill string to realize (not shown) of the present invention.

For the purpose of this manual, it should be clearly understood that term " comprises " and mean " including but not limited to " that its verb displacement also has the corresponding meaning.

Though introduced method and apparatus of the present invention at specific embodiment, yet it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, under the prerequisite that does not depart from the scope of the present invention, can the step or the sequence of steps of structure described here and described method be changed.For example, the present invention can such structure realize, a RIT/ sub-component unit wherein has been installed to measure multiple formation characteristics (for example resistivity, degree of porosity and density).

Claims

1. system that is used to hold the insertion instrument comprises:

Sub-component with elongate body, described elongate body comprises tube wall and endoporus, described sub-component can form a part of length of drill string;

Described sub-component comprises that at least one is formed at groove wherein, makes described groove can fully pass described tube wall to be provided for the passage that signal passes through;

Described sub-component comprises the device that is used for providing pressure barrier between described at least one groove is in described tube wall inside and outside, and described barrier device is positioned at the hole of described sub-component;

Insertion instrument with top and bottom, it can enter into the hole of described sub-component through described drill string; With

Described insertion instrument has the device that can engage with other device at place, described top and bottom; Wherein

Described above and below coupling device on the described insertion instrument can optionally discharge from described other device.

2. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described insertion instrument can be pumped and pass described drill string, perhaps is arranged on the cable unit in the described drill string.

3. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described insertion instrument comprises signal provided thereon or energy source.

4. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described insertion instrument comprises signal provided thereon or energy sensor.

5. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described sub-component and insertion instrument include inductance coupling device provided thereon.

6. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described insertion instrument also comprises the centralizer that at least one is provided thereon, with described tool positioned in described sub-component.

7. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described system also comprises at least one spacing body, and its lower end that can be connected described insertion instrument is to change the length of described instrument.

8. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described top coupling device comprises fishing head, and described below coupling device can hold fishing head.

9. system according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described above and below coupling device can form the connection that can cut off.

10. one kind is used for the insertion instrument is placed into method in the sub-component of a segment length that is in drill string, comprising:

(a) adjustment has top and bottom and can pass the insertion instrument that drill string enters into sub-component, described sub-component has the elongate body that comprises tube wall and endoporus and has formed the part of described drill string, described sub-component comprises that at least one fully passes the groove of described wall with the passage that is provided for signal and passes through, and be in barrier device in its hole, be used between the described wall at described at least one groove place inside and outside, providing pressure barrier, described insertion instrument is provided with the alternative device that discharges, so that engage with other device at place, described top and bottom;

(b) the described drill string that will have described sub-component is put in the subsurface formations, and described drill string has to be located in its endoporus and to be near the described sub-component device; With

(c) described insertion instrument is placed in the described drill string so that it engages with the described device of the endoporus that places described drill string.

11. method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described step (a) comprises the distance between the survey mark on the described device in the hole of determining described at least one groove on the described sub-component and placing described drill string.

12. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described step (a) also comprises, changes the length of described insertion instrument before putting into described insertion instrument in the described drill string according to described definite distance.

13. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described step (b) comprises, changes the length or the position of the described device in the hole that places described drill string before putting into described drill string in the described stratum according to described definite distance.

14. method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described step (a) is included in the outside of described insertion instrument at least one centralizer is installed.

15. method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described step (c) comprises via described drill string comes the described insertion instrument of pumping.

16. method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described step (c) comprises via described drill string described insertion instrument is placed on the cable unit that links to each other with the top coupling device of described instrument.

17. method according to claim 16 is characterized in that, described step (c) also comprises, when described device in placing described drill string engages, discharges described cable unit at described instrument from the coupling device of described top.

18. method according to claim 17 is characterized in that, described insertion instrument comprises signal source provided thereon or sensor.

19. method according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described method also comprises step (d): adjust described insertion instrument or place device in the hole of described drill string, make in described instrument is in described sub-component and when engaging with described device, described signal source on the described insertion instrument or sensor be in described at least one groove near.

20. method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described method also comprises step (e): trip out described insertion instrument when making described drill string remain in the described stratum at the fixed time the time from described sub-component.