CN1484769A - 双模式上行链路/下行链路定位测量和多协议定位测量 - Google Patents
双模式上行链路/下行链路定位测量和多协议定位测量 Download PDFInfo
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- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
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Abstract
为了获得两种技术的优点同时避免它们分别存在的缺点,本发明的某些方面涉及将上行链路和下行链路定位技术组合成单一定位服务***。支持下行链路的移动装置可以使用下行链路模式定位,不支持下行链路的移动装置可以使用上行链路定位。移动设备甚至可以根据上行链路测量和下行链路测量的组合而定位。本发明的其它方面涉及到提供一种单一定位服务***,所述***定位那些使用多种不同通信协议通信的移动装置。
Description
发明背景
1.技术领域
本发明的领域涉及定位服务。特别地,本发明的领域涉及通过记录信号到达的时间定位移动装置,其中该信号在移动装置和位于已知位置的多个发射机或者接收机之间传播,还涉及根据记录的到达时间计算位置。
2.背景
最近,联邦通信委员会要求采用可以准确地在所有无线网络上定位无线用户的定位服务。两个先前提出的用于执行这种定位服务的方法是″上行链路″方法和″下行链路″方法。
图1描述一种传统的上行链路方法,其中要被定位的移动装置10(同样被认为是一个″手持机″或者″远程终端″)发送一个例如一个随机存取信道(RACH)脉冲串。信号的到达时间(TOA)在多个定位测量单元(LMUs)15-17中的每一个上与相关的质量指示器σ一起确定。σ是TOA测量值的标准偏差估计值。记录的TOA测量值和σ中的每一个然后发送给一个移动定位中心(MLC)19,该中心是一个专用处理机。MLC 19然后使用为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规算法,根据由LMUs 15-17产生的TOA测量值和σ判断以及LMU的已知位置确定移动装置10的位置。
一个适合的传统定位算法使用泰勒搜索以便定位两个或更多双曲线的交叉点。这样一个算法的详细说明可以在D.J.Torrieri撰写的″无源定位***的统计理论″里找到,航空航天和电子***的IEEE学报,卷AES-20,No.2,1984年3月,此处引入该文章作为参考并且作为本领域现有技能水平的指示。该算法通过发现根据三个以上测站确定的两个或更多双曲线的交叉点定位该移动装置。通常,这类定位算法应用于三个或多个TOA测量值(它们被用来根据信号的速度c确定从移动装置到LMU的距离),关联的σ,以及每个LMU的已知位置。
图2描述一个传统的下行链路方法,其中多个基站(BTS)21-23中的每一个发送信号到要被定位的移动装置20,该移动装置20确定这些信号中每一个的TOA和σ。这些TOA测量值和σ然后被传输到MLC 29,它执行常规算法以便根据TOA测量值和σ确定移动装置的位置,类似于上行链路类型***里的算法。或者,如果在手机20里有足够的处理能力,该算法可以在手机里执行。当BTS 21-23的传输帧不同步时,与上行链路算法相比较,下行链路算法多少更复杂些,因为MLC必须求出每个BTS传输之间的相对时差以便计算位置。在传统的方式里,这种相对时间信息可以使用位于已知位置的、测量来自BTS 21-23的信号的TOA的LMU 25、26s来求出。
下行链路定位***优于上行链路***的一个优点是,可以添加额外的下行链路手机到通信网络上而不添加额外容量到该网络。下行链路***的另一个优点是,所要求的LMU密度对于下行链路***要较低,因为下行链路LMU只需同步在BTS之间的帧,而不对来自许多手机的信号进行TOA测量。但是为了执行下行链路定位服务,必须在手机里进行TOA测量。不幸地,在本领域已经发行的大部分手机(在下文中称″传统手机″)都不能实现下行链路定位判断需要的TOA测量。因此,这些传统手机不能通过下行链路***被定位。没有这种定位绝大多数现有手机的能力是下行链路***的一个主要缺点。
传统的定位标记***的另一个缺点是,每个传统***只能使用一种通信协议操作,并且不能定位使用不同通信协议的手机。例如,设计用来定位TDMA手机的定位***就不能够定位那些使用GSM或者AMPS通信的手机。因为定位服务必须提供给各种类型的手机,所有用于支持全部通信协议的常规方法将包括用于每种协议的独立定位***和一个相应昂贵的基础设施。
除为每一个不同技术提供独立定位服务基础设施的高额成本之外,也可能存在有来自共同体关系固定点的高额成本。某些房主试图拦阻运营商在他们住宅附近安装天线塔的计划。因此,运营商也许不得不花费超过$50,000获准单个天线场地,并且也许不得不等待很长时间获得要求的行政批准。当为每种技术安装独立基础设施时,对于每次新安装这些问题可能反复碰到。
本发明人已经认识到在避免下行链路缺点的同时,需要获得下行链路定位服务的好处。
本发明人也已经认识到,需要为那些使用许多不同通信协议的手机提供定位服务,而不使用禁止的昂贵的基础设施。
发明概述
本发明的某些方面涉及到将上行链路和下行链路技术组合为单个定位***,以便获得由这两种技术提供的好处并且消除它们各自的许多的缺点。本发明的其它方面涉及将对于不同通信协议的定位服务组合为单个***。
本发明的一个方面提出一种使用上行链路或者下行链路技术定位移动装置的方法。该方法包括如下步骤:通过确定来自移动装置的信号到达至少三个测量单元中的每一个的时间来定位第一移动装置,并且根据该到达时间计算位置。该方法也包括如下步骤:通过确定来自至少三个基站的信号到达第二移动装置的时间,并且通过确定那些信号到达该测量单元的时间,来定位第二移动装置,并且根据该判断计算位置。
本发明的另一个方面提出一种使用上行链路和下行链路技术这两者定位移动装置的方法。该方法包括如下步骤:确定上行链路信号的至少两个到达时间,确定下行链路信号的至少两个到达时间,并且根据这些到达时间计算移动装置的位置。在某些实施例种,上行链路时间用来定义第一双曲线,下行链路时间用来定义第二双曲线,并且位置是通过找到这些双曲线的交叉点来计算的。
本发明的另一个方面提出一种在上行链路模式或者下行链路模式下确定移动装置的位置的***。该***包括:上行链路处理器和下行链路处理器,和该移动装置通信的至少三个基站以及至少三个测量单元。在上行链路模式下,该测量单元确定来源于移动装置的信号的TOA,并且报告TOA测量值给上行链路处理器。该上行链路处理器根据TOA测量值确定该移动装置的位置。在该下行链路模式下,该移动装置确定来自每一个基站的信号的到达时间并且报告确定的到达时间给下行链路处理器。测量单元共同地确定来源于基站的信号的到达时间并且报告那些TOA测量值给下行链路处理器。下行链路处理器根据由移动装置和测量单元报告的TOA测量值确定移动装置的位置。选择性地,可以支持多种通信协议(例如,TDMA和GSM这两者)。
本发明的另一个方面提出一种用作通信***一部分的装置,其中该通信***包括:移动装置、多个基站、上行链路处理器和下行链路处理器。该装置包括:用于记录来自移动装置的第一信号的TOA的接收机,并且转发这些记录的TOA到上行链路处理器。该接收机也记录来自该基站的第二信号的TOA,并且转发该记录的TOA到下行链路处理器。选择性地,可以支持多种通信协议。
附图说明
图1是现有技术上行链路类型定位***的一个示意图。
图2是现有技术下行链路类型定位***的一个示意图。
图3是按照本发明的双模式上行链路/下行链路定位***的示意图。
图4A是相对于图3实施例可以使用的第一类型LMU的示意图。
图4B是为了支持许多无线通信协议而修改的第一类型LMU的示意图。
图5A是相对于图3实施例可以使用的第二类型LMU的示意图。
图5B是为了支持许多无线通信协议而修改的第二类型LMU的示意图。
图6是如何组合上行链路测量和下行链路测量的数据以便形成位置估计值的示意图。
最佳实施例的详细说明
图3阐明一个***,其中可以使用上行链路或者下行链路中的一种方法来定位移动装置30(例如,蜂窝电话)。在图3里,上行链路模式中的信号流用前缀″U:″表示,下行链路模式中的信号流用前缀″D:″表示。信号可以在不同***部件之间使用任何希望的通信标准(例如,包括ANSI-136 TDMA、AMPS、GSM、SGM 900、DCS 1800、PDC、PCS 1900、iDEN等等.)传送。
该***依靠一组至少三个两用的LMU 35-37,LMU 35-37可以测量来自移动装置30的信号和来自基站31-33的信号的TOA。LMU 35-37最好永久地被固定到已知参考位置的地面上,但是也可以临时固定位置(例如,在已知参考位置的卡车上)。应该注意到,虽然仅举例说明三个BTS 31-33和三个LMU 35-37,所属技术领域的专业人员可以理解的是,更大数目的BIS和LMU(例如、7)可能用来提高准确度。
为了使用上行链路方法定位移动装置30,每一个LMU 35-37监听来自移动装置30的信号,例如一种随机存取信道(RACH)脉冲串。当来自移动装置30的信号到达时,每一个LMU 35-37一起确定到达信号的TOA和关联的质量指示器(σ)。基于全球定位卫星(GPS)的时间参考可以在每一个LMU上使用以便将每个TOA测量与公共的参照系相同步。每一个LMU然后使用一个适合的通信链路(例如,一个硬接线的或者无线通信链路)转发它的TOA测量值和σ到MLC39。MLC 39包括上行链路处理器39A,上行链路处理器39A被编程用来实施传统的上行链路定位算法。在从每一个LMU 35-37接收TOA测量值(以及关联的σ)之后,MLC 39根据接收的TOA测量值和σ以及LMU的已知位置实施上行链路算法以便确定移动装置30的位置。
为了使用下行链路方法定位该移动装置30,所述***让至少三个BTS 31-33中每一个发送信号(例如,广播控制信道(BCCH)信号)到移动装置30。当来自BTS 31-33的信号到达时,移动装置30一起确定到达信号的TOA与每个到达信号的关联的质量指示器(σ)。移动装置30然后转发TOA信息到MLC39,最好是通过用来和移动装置30通信的相同的无线网络。MLC 39包括下行链路处理器39B,下行链路处理器39B被编程用于实施传统的下行链路定位算法。虽然上行链路处理器39A和下行链路处理器39B是作为两个完全不同的单元加以阐明的,但是它们实际上可以集成在一起来在单一的处理器上运行不同算法。
同时,LMU 35-37的每一个监听从BTS 31-33传送来的信号。当LMU接收到来自BTS的信号时,LMU 35-37确定到达信号的到达时间。这类TOA测量值(其中LMU测量来自BTS的信号的到达时间)在此处称为TOA*。每个LMU然后使用适合的通信链路(例如,硬接线的或者无线通信链路)转发TOA*信息到MLC 39。该通信链路可以使用与被定位中的手机一样的协议操作(例如,当定位一种AMPS协议手机时,可以使用AMPS通信链路)。TOA*测量使MLC 39能补偿各种BTS 31-33传输帧之间的任何实时的差值。MLC 39然后根据从移动装置30接收的TOA测量值和σ、从LMU 35-37的TOA*测量值、以及LMU和BTS的已知位置使用下行链路算法来确定移动装置30的位置。
图4A是双模式上行链路/下行链路LMU 40A的一个示意图,上行链路/下行链路LMU 40A可以作为图3实施例中的LMU 35-37中的任何一个而加以使用。LMU 40A包括天线接口42,该接口与一个或多个接收天线41连接。它也包括被设计用于接收来自要被定位的移动装置的信号(例如RACH脉冲串)的上行链路接收机43,以及被设计用于接收来自BTS的信号(例如BCCH信号)的下行链路接收机44。也提供用于连接LMU 40A和远程MLC(没有显示)的通信链路46。更可取地,LMU 40A的操作由控制器45控制。
来自移动装置和BTS的信号由天线41采集,并且由适当的接收机43(用于移动装置信号)和44(用于基站信号)来接收。上行链路接收机43和下行链路接收机44与控制器45合作记录各个到达信号的到达时间。对于信号已经从移动装置到达上行链路接收机43的时间的识别可以使用传统的上行链路控制技术完成。同样地,对信号已经从BTS到达下行链路接收机44的时间的识别可以使用传统的下行链路控制技术完成。或者,控制器45可以依靠数字信号处理(DSP)实现这些控制功能。
一旦每个到达信号的TOA已经得到确定,控制器45通过通信链路46转发所确定的TOA到远程移动定位中心(MLC)。通信链路46可以使用任何适用技术实现,例如包括,有线接口(例如,通过标准电话线的)以及无线接口(例如,通过用来于移动装置通信的相同的网络)。
在上行链路模式下,为了使MLC形成准确的定位估计值,所述***所做的TOA测量值必须相对于公共参照系加以调整。提供这种公共参照系的便利的方法是将全球定位卫星(GPS)接收机47并入到每个LMU 40A中,并且相对于接收到的GPS时间,将所汇报的每个TOA测量值提交给MLC。
图4B是另一中双模式的上行链路/下行链路LMU-40B的一个示意图,上行链路/下行链路LMU-40B可以用作图3实施例中的LMU35-37中的任何一个。这种LMU 40B使图3实施例能定位那些使用不同无线通信协议通信(例如ANSI-136 TDMA、GSM、AMPS等等)而不限于单一通信协议的手机。LMU 40B类似于LMU 40A(图4A中所示的),只不过LMU40B包括多个上行链路接收机43A-43C、多个下行链路接收机44A-44C、以及多个通信链路46A-46C(而不是一个上行链路接收机、一个下行链路接收机和一个通信链路)。更可取地,每一个上行链路接收机43A-43C专用于特定的无线电通信协议,并且每一个下行链路接收机44A-44C专用于特定的无线电通信协议。当然,虽然说明了三个上行链路接收机和三个下行链路接收机,但是接收机的不同数目是可以被替换的,以便适应任意数目的不同的无线通信协议。
更可取地,每一个接收机43A-43C、44A-44C是在单个电路板上实现的,该电路板可以***公共的底板中,并且可以在通用控制器45的控制下操作。这种结构通过***另外的接收机让每个LMU为所希望那么多的不同无线通信协议工作。可选择地,对于每种无线通信协议,可以包括单独的通信链路46A-46C。当提供单独的通信链路时,用于和每个手机通信的相同的无线网络可用于转发适用那种通信协议的TOA测量值到远程MLC(例如用于AMPS手机的AMPS通信链路、用于GSM手机的GSM通信链路)。于是,用于每种协议的单独的MLC可被用来实施该定位算法。当单一通信链路用于所有不同的通信协议时,对于每个协议,可以使用单独的MLC,或者对于两个或更多通信协议,可以使用公共的MLC。
这种方案(其中LMU可以进行适用于不同通信协议的TOA测量),可被扩展为单一上行链路***和单一下行链路***。对于单一上行链路***,方框图类似于图4B,但是略去了下行链路接收机44A-44C。对于单一上行链路***,方框图类似于图4B,但是略去了上行链路接收机43A-43C。还应该对控制器45进行适当的改进,以便使该控制器不向不存在的源要求TOA测量值。
图5A是另一个双模式式的上行链路/下行链路LMU 50A的一个示意图,上行链路/下行链路LMU 50A可以用作图3实施例中的LMU 35-37中的任何一个。LMU 50A包括与一个或多个接收天线51接口的天线接口52、和组合上行链路/下行链路接收机53,该接收机被设计成用于接收来自要被定位的移动装置的信号(例如RACH脉冲串)以及来自BTS的信号(例如BCCH信号)。也提供用于将LMU 50A与远程MLC(没有显示)相连接的通信链路56和可选的GPS接收机57。更可取地,LMU 50A的操作由控制器55控制。图5A实施例的操作类似于如上所述的图4A实施例的操作,只不过单一上行链路/下行链路接收机53替换了分开的上行链路和下行链路接收机(图4A中所示的43和44)。
图5B是另一个双模式的上行链路/下行链路LMU 50B的一个示意图,上行链路/下行链路LMU 50B可以用作图3实施例中的LMU 35-37中的任何一个。这种LMU 50B使图3实施例能定位那些使用不同无线通信协议通信(例如ANSI-136 TDMA、GSM、AMPS等等)而不限于单一通信协议的手机。LMU50B的操作类似于(图4B中所示的)LMU 40B的操作,只不过使用的是用于每个通信协议的集成的上行链路/下行链路接收机,而不是用于每个通信协议的分开的上行链路接收机和下行链路接收机。
在单一***里实现下行链路和上行链路算法这二者使该***能充分利用下行链路的优点,同时避免下行链路的缺点。更具体地说,此处描述的双模式定位上行链路/下行链路***,通过定位使用下行链路模式的那些手机,让***操作员将下行链路手机添加到通信网络上,而不给该网络添加额外的容量。另外,此处描述的上行链路/下行链路***可用于定位不支持下行链路模式的传统手机。当要求对传统手机进行定位估计值时,该***切换到上行链路模式,并且为了确定该手机的位置,处理来自该手机的信号。通过使用作为缺省定位模式的下行链路模式,并且为那些不支持下行链路模式的手机只切换到上行链路模式,必须添加的新网络容量数量可以保持在最低限度。更可取地,为了充分利用下行链路所提供的优点,要添加到无线网络的新手机将支持该下行链路模式。
最普及的传统定位算法通过查找两个或更多双曲线的交叉点而操作,其中每个双曲线由一对TOA测量值确定。在单一模式***下,为了获得两对TOA测量值(例如,由三个测量A、B和C组成的对AB和AC)至少需要三个TOA测量值。当在单一模式***下只有一对TOA测量值可以获得时,不能形成位置估计值。
不过,当双模***可用时,可以使用上行链路模式从一对所测量的TOA测量值获得第一双曲线,并且可以使用下行链路模式从一对所测量的TOA测量值获得第二双曲线。这两个双曲线的交叉点然后可以当作对移动装置的位置的估计值来使用。这在图6里阐明,其中第一双曲线68是根据从手机60到达每一个LMU 65、66的信号的TOA测量值使用上行链路模式求出的。第二双曲线69是根据从BTS 61、62到达手机60的信号的TOA测量值和从BTS 61、62到达每一个LMU 65、66的信号的TOA*测量值使用下行链路模式求出的。双曲线68、69的交叉点被当作位置的估计值加以使用。当使用单一链路方向不能获得两个双曲线时,以上行链路双曲线68和下行链路双曲线69为基础提供位置的估计值会在求出准确的位置估计值和不求出估计值之间产生差异。此外,即使当从单一链接方向(也就是,或者上行链路或者下行链路)可以获得两个双曲线时,通过同时依靠两个技术获得的另外的双曲线可用于提高作为结果的位置估计值的准确度。
按照上述实施例提供一个双模式上行链路/下行链路定位***还可以通过同时支持两个位置结构来减少在无线工业中不同参与者之间的争斗。它还可以通过确保对任一种技术的基础设施投资不被浪费而有助于更加快速地使得公众能够利用定位服务。
此外,通过将多种通信技术组合在单个地盒子里,实现定位服务所需要的新天线地点数目可以最小化。因此,这种方案应该会使公众对所要求的基础设施的安装的阻力减到最少。
虽然本发明已经在如上所述最佳实施例的范围里说明了,对于本领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是,对那些实施例作不同改变,并且可以不同的等效物替代,而不背离本发明的精神或者范围。
Claims (17)
1.一种定位移动装置的方法,该方法包括步骤:
(a)通过执行下列步骤定位第一移动装置
(a1)在至少三个测量单元中的每一个上确定来源于第一移动装置的信号的到达时间,以及
(a2)根据在步骤(a1)中确定的到达时间计算第一移动装置的位置;以及
(b)通过执行下列步骤定位第二移动装置,
(b1)在第二移动装置上确定来源于至少三个基站中的每一个的信号的到达时间,
(b2)在测量单元上确定来源于至少三个基站种的每一个的信号的到达时间,以及
(b3)根据在步骤(b1)和在步骤(b2)中确定的到达时间计算第二移动装置的位置。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中第二移动装置能够运行在下行链路模式,并且第一移动装置不能够运行在下行链路模式。
3.一种定位移动装置的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)在至少两个测量单元中的每一个上确定来源于移动装置的信号的到达时间;
(b)在移动装置上确定来源于至少两个基站中的每一个的信号的到达时间;
(c)在测量单元上确定来源于至少两个基站中的每一个的信号的到达时间;以及
(d)根据步骤(a)、(b)以及(c)中确定的到达时间计算移动装置的位置。
4.按照权利要求3所述的方法,其中该计算步骤包括下列步骤:
根据在步骤(a)中确定的到达时间定义第一双曲线;
根据在步骤(b)和(c)中确定的到达时间定义第二双曲线;以及
确定第一双曲线和第二双曲线的交叉点。
5.一种在上行链路模式或者下行链路模式下确定移动装置的位置的***,该***包括:
执行上行链路定位算法的上行链路处理器;
执行下行链路定位算法的下行链路处理器;
至少三个基站,它们位于已知位置,并且能够和该移动装置通讯;以及
至少三个测量单元,
其中,在上行链路模式里,(a)每一个测量单元确定来源于该移动装置的信号到达时间,并且汇报确定的到达时间到上行链路处理器,以及(b)该上行链路处理器根据由测量单元汇报给上行链路处理器的到达时间使用上行链路定位算法确定移动装置的位置,以及
其中,在下行链路模式下,(a)该移动装置确定来自至少三个基站中的每一个的信号的到达时间,并且汇报该确定的到达时间给下行链路处理器,(b)该测量单元共同地确定来源于至少三个基站中的每一个的信号的到达时间,并且汇报确定的到达时间给下行链路处理器,以及(c)该下行链路处理器根据由移动装置和测量单元汇报给下行链路处理器的到达时间使用下行链路定位算法确定移动装置的位置。
6、权利要求5的***,其中上行链路处理器和下行链路处理器在一种集成的器件里实现。
7、权利要求5的***,其中上行链路处理器和下行链路处理器在分开的器件里实现。
8、权利要求5的***,其中每一个测量单元包括:双模式的上行链路/下行链路接收机。
9、权利要求5的***,其中每一个测量单元包括上行链路接收机和与该上行链路接收机不同的下行链路接收机。
10、权利要求5的***,其中每一个测量单元确定适用于至少两中不同的通信协议的到达时间。
11、权利要求10的***,其中至少两中不同的通信协议包括:时分多址(TDMA)和全球移动通信***(GSM)。
12、一种用在通信***中的装置,包括移动装置、多个位于已知位置的基站、上行链路处理器和下行链路处理器,该装置包括:
接收机,它用于:(a)记录来自移动装置的第一信号的到达时间,并且转发记录的第一信号的到达时间给上行链路处理器,(b)记录来自基站的第二信号的到达时间,并且转发记录的第二信号的到达时间到下行链路处理器。
13、权利要求12的装置,其中该接收机包括:用于记录第一信号的到达时间的第一接收机,和用于记录第二信号的到达时间的第二接收机,其中第一接收机物理上与第二接收机是互相分开的。
14、权利要求12的装置,其中该接收机包括:用于记录第一信号的到达时间的第一接收机,和用于记录第二信号的到达时间的第二接收机,其中第一接收机与第二接收机集成在一起。
15、权利要求12的装置,其中第一信号包括:随机存取信道(RACH)信号,第二信号包括:广播控制信道(BCCH)信号。
16、权利要求12的装置,其中该接收机确定适用于至少两种不同的通信协议的到达时间。
17、权利要求16的装置,其中至少两种不同通信协议包括:时分多址(TDMA)和全球移动通信***(GSM)。
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WO2002071093A2 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
AU2002258362A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
GB2395851B (en) | 2004-10-06 |
CN100354647C (zh) | 2007-12-12 |
WO2002071093A3 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
DE10196828T5 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
US7110774B1 (en) | 2006-09-19 |
GB0312089D0 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
GB2395851A (en) | 2004-06-02 |
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