Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of Three Degree Of Freedom micro-processor controlled universal testing machine in order to overcome the existing deficiency of above-mentioned technology formerly.Universal testing machine of the present invention can make the loading head of test move on X, Y, three directions of Z, applicable to the tested member of different shape.Therefore, just can record a series of data such as pulling force, pressure, shearing, moment of torsion, moment of flexure and corresponding angular, displacement of the lines of member and material respectively with a testing machine of the present invention.According to the data that record, computer automatic analysis is tried to achieve various quiet rigidity values.
Universal testing machine of the present invention mainly comprises: host computer system 7 and control system 3.
Said host computer system 7 mainly comprises: main frame mechanical system 1, servomotor controller 2, force transducer 4, torque sensor 5 and displacement transducer 6.
Said control system 3 mainly comprises: (PLC) able to programme controller 301, exclusive data acquisition controller 302 and industrial computer and special measurement processor controls 303.
Force transducer 4 in the said host computer system 7, the output of torque sensor 5 and displacement transducer 6 all are connected on the exclusive data acquisition controller 302 in the control system 3.One end of servomotor controller 2 links to each other with Programmable Logic Controller 301, the other end respectively be seated in host computer system in X, Y, the servomotor that Z three parts makes progress link to each other.In control system 3, Programmable Logic Controller 301 interconnects with exclusive data acquisition controller 302 and industrial computer and special measurement processor controls 303.
As above-mentioned structure, by the servomotor controller 2 in the 301 main control system systems 7 of the Programmable Logic Controller in the control system 3, servomotor controller 2 is being controlled the servomotor that is seated on three directions of X, Y in the host computer system 7, Z and is being moved on three directions; Simultaneously, obtain data message in force transducer 4, torque sensor 6 and the displacement transducer 5 of exclusive data acquisition controller 302 in the control system 3 from host computer system 7, handle by industrial computer and special measurement processor controls 303 again, so that provide the result.
Universal testing machine of the present invention, though relatively simple for structure,, it has moving of three degree of freedom, can be on same testing machine to tested member realize drawing, press, cut, a series of quiet rigidity tests such as pure bending, moment of torsion.And, stable performance, data are reliable, and the life-span is longer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete enforcement, further specify the structure of universal testing machine of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the general structure of universal testing machine of the present invention.Mainly comprise: 3 liang of big systems of host computer system 7 and control system.Host computer system 7 comprises main frame mechanical system 1, servomotor controller 2, force transducer 4, torque sensor 5 and displacement transducer 6.Control system 3 comprises Programmable Logic Controller 301, exclusive data acquisition controller 302 and industrial computer and special measurement processor controls 303.
The output of force transducer 4, torque sensor 5 and displacement transducer 6 all is connected on the exclusive data acquisition controller 302 in the control system 3 in the host computer system 7.Servomotor controller 2 one ends link to each other with Programmable Logic Controller 301, and the other end is connected respectively on the X, the Y that are seated in host computer system 7, the servomotor that Z three parts makes progress.Programmable Logic Controller 301 links to each other with exclusive data acquisition controller 302.Exclusive data acquisition controller 302 links to each other with special measurement processor controls 303 with industrial computer.
On the said exclusive data acquisition controller 302, contain 2 force transducer passages, 3 digital displacement scrambler passages, 1 angular displacement sensor passage, 8 linear movement pick-up passages etc.In the present embodiment, exclusive data acquisition controller 302 is to have adopted high-precision analog amplifier and high-speed a/d chip.To reach the purpose of high-speed, high precision sampling.The operation of measuring process is to carry out under the environment of Windows.Help grasping easily the operation of control system and test process like this.
The power Loading Control of control system 3 in measuring process comprises that constant speed loads and the program control step loads.Wherein, constant speed loads and to be: according to test request, configure velocity of displacement, and test parameters such as stop condition, in service when satisfying stop condition, promptly stop test.
Program control step loads: had for six steps, per step can be established loading velocity, stop condition (as time, value of thrust, force value, moment of flexure value, torque value etc., and the condition etc. of changeing next step).
In test process, process variable is an ordinate with pulling force, pressure, moment of flexure, moment of torsion, and the tested deformation of member (displacement of the lines, angular displacement) is a horizontal ordinate, shows loading curve in real time.And can be with data preservation, analyzing and processing and printing (optional report printing, curve printing or form curve printing).
In measuring process, the amount of each collection all can be manually or automatic clear, in real time the demonstration of numerical value and peak value.Each above-mentioned passage is the independent multi-point calibration of energy all, and simultaneously, nominal data can back up separately.After the test data input, can preserve respectively, when testing, can extract at any time next time, revise, to reduce the input service of repeatability.
Fig. 2 provides the concrete structure of the main frame mechanical system 1 among Fig. 1.Main frame mechanical system 1 comprises mainframe 101, bending test unit 102, coupling arrangement 104, loading head 105 and control enclosure 106.
Two columns 1012 about said mainframe 101 comprises, about top between two columns 1012 entablature 1011 is arranged, there is base 1017 bottom between two columns 1012.Being equipped with frame horizontally moving device 1015 and drive unit 1016 on base 1017, is test platforms 1014 on the surface of frame horizontally moving device 1015.Load moving beam 1013 in the power that is equipped with between two columns 1012 and between entablature 1011 and the test platform 1014.Said loading head 105 places power to load on the moving beam 1015.Loading head 105 contains the orienting lug 1051 that places in the power loading moving beam 1013.Said force transducer 4 is fixed on the orienting lug 1051.Said bending test unit 102 and coupling arrangement 104 place on the test platform 1014.Tested member 103 is connected between bending test unit 102 and the coupling arrangement 104, perhaps is connected between coupling arrangement 104 and the loading head 105.Said displacement transducer 6 is seated between tested member 103 and the coupling arrangement 104.Bending test unit 102 is connected with force transducer 4 on the loading head 105.
Guide upright post is arranged in two columns 1012 about said and can load the ball screw that moving beam 1013 moves for power.Power loads moving beam 1013 under the driving of drive unit 1016, moves up and down on ball screw, for test provides loading force.
The ball screw and the guide rail that move for front and back on mainframe 101 horizontal directions are arranged in the said frame horizontally moving device 1015.Under the driving of drive unit 1016, moving forward and backward on the horizontal direction of realization mainframe 101.
Said power loads in the moving beam 1013 guide rail, ball screw and servomotor.Orienting lug 1051 on the loading head 105 under the driving of servomotor, loads moving beam 1013 on move left and right in power with force transducer 4.Cooperate above-mentioned mainframe to move forward and backward, can easily force transducer 4 be positioned on the test platform 1014 arbitrarily a bit on.
Said test platform 1014 is a cast iron platform, has the T-slot that vertically is parallel to each other on test platform 1014.Can by coupling arrangement 104 tested member 103 be fixed on the test platform 1014 easily.
Said control loads moving of moving beam 1013 and can control automatically and manual operation.Because all be equipped with servomotor on the direction of X, the Y of host computer system, Z, servomotor links to each other with (PLC) able to programme controller 301 in the control system by servomotor controller 2.Therefore, power loads the location of moving beam 1013, and input needs mobile X, Y value on Programmable Logic Controller 301, and power loads moving beam 1013 and will be automatically moved on the specified position.
Manual operation system mainly is with the control enclosure 106 that places on the column 1012.The location of machine before being generally used for testing, the clamping of tested member 103 etc.Perhaps load moving beam 1013 drive sensors 4 all arounds and move to needed test position with manual control.
Universal testing machine of the present invention contains safety precautions.Be divided into mechanical electric protection on the host computer system 7 and the control overload protection on the control system 3.Protect for mechanical electric; at all movable parts; comprise moving before and after mainframe 101 is on horizontal direction on the test platform 1014; moving up and down of power load deflection crossbeam 1013, loading head 105 all is equipped with electric limiting and protecting device on X such as move left and right, Y on the power load deflection crossbeam 1013, Z direction.When it moved to extreme position, stop means just worked, and cut off the electricity supply.
All electrical equipment, motor all have overvoltage, overcurrent, short circuit and overload protection measure.In test process, when running into unexpected power failure,, itself has certain self-locking property because of all gear trains are to be made of ball screw and turbine worm speed reduction unit.So machine is locked on the current position, treat service restoration after, could normally move.Guaranteed the safety of test.
The power overload protection is according to the overload quantity of setting (be generally full test power or moment of torsion 3%~5%).When the power power that is loaded into loads on the moving beam 1013; when moving it (no matter be automatic stress state, still in manual mobile status), in case the power value of force transducer output reaches the overload quantity of setting; servo drive system will stop to load, and protect tested member and testing machine.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of bending test unit 102.Bending test unit 102 mainly contains: tooth bar 1021, gear 1022, supporting base 1023, spring coupling 1024 and joint flange 1025.Said torque sensor 5 places between spring coupling 1024 and the joint flange 1025.When tested member 103 was connected between bending test unit 102 and the coupling arrangement 104, promptly tested member 103 was connected with bending test unit 102 by joint flange 1025.Power is loaded the straight line that moving beam 1013 does up and down move, change rotatablely moving through tooth bar 1021 and gear 1022 into, thereby, output torque on gear shaft.Because the two supports of gear shaft is on the bearing of supporting base 1023, the radial force that is applied on the gear shaft is passed on the supporting base by bearing, therefore, has only moment of torsion at the gear shaft output terminal.
Fig. 4 is when doing the tension and compression test, the location status that tested member 103 is inserted.When carrying out the tension and compression test, on host computer system, at first to select suitable anchor clamps for use according to shape, size, the size of tested member 103, be fixed on the test platform, and the position and the load mode at definite loading center; According to the position at the center of loading, mobile host frame and loading head are to the loading center then; According to the mode that loads,, select suitable anchor clamps for use again, the loading surface of tested member is linked to each other with force transducer interface on the loading head as the tension and compression test; According to the position of testing requirements and displacement of the lines detection, displacement transducer 6 is installed between tested member 103 and the coupling arrangement 104 again.
On control system, in Programmable Logic Controller, configure test speed, again with each power value, shift value zero clearing, behind the click start button, system is with the setting speed operation and show the numerical value of exerting oneself with displacement in real time.
When being loaded into the maintenance load of setting, driving stops.System keeps load constant with mechanical rigid.In 1 hour, the variation of load should≤± 0.2%.After arriving setting-up time, Programmable Logic Controller 301 drives servomotor by servomotor controller 2 and reruns the follow procedure loading.
Fig. 5 is when doing the shearing test, the state that tested member 103 is put.The process of test is with above-mentioned tension and compression test.
Fig. 6 is when doing torsion-testing, the state that tested member 103 is put.
The clamping of tested member 103 is similar to above-mentioned tension and compression test with the loading of power.But between the force transducer 4 of loading head 105 and tested member 103, be connected with bending test unit 102.Tested member 103 is on the joint flange 1025 before the torque sensor 5 that is connected on the bending test unit 102.When power loading moving beam 1013 moved up and down tension and compression, tooth bar 102 and the gear 1022 of loading force on bending test unit 102 was converted to moment of torsion.
When the link position of tested member 103 and joint flange 1025 not simultaneously, the moment that tested member 103 is subjected to is moment of flexure or moment of torsion.An end that among Fig. 6 is tested member 103 is connected with joint flange 1025, and the other end of joint flange 1025 is fixed on the torque sensor 5.
Torque value is measured by torque sensor.
The measurement of angular displacement can be adopted the direct measured angular displacement of displacement (angular displacement) sensor generally speaking.
When specific (special) requirements can not adopt angular displacement sensor to measure, can adopt two linear movement pick-ups in the distortion of measuring on the constant spacing on the rotational plane, the conversion through industrial computer and special measurement processor controls 303 can obtain angular displacement.
Fig. 7 is when doing the moment of flexure test, the state that tested member 103 is put.With above-mentioned to do torsion-testing identical, just bending test unit 102 and the position rotation 90 of doing torsion-testing.Back and tested member 103 clampings.And tested member 103 is shaft-like, and joint flange 1025 is connected with certain point of tested member 103 length directions, and the other end of tested member 103 is fixed.Then tested member 103 is subjected to moment of flexure.