CN1452261A - Method for preparing Pt/C electrocatalyst of polymer electrolyte film fuel cell - Google Patents
Method for preparing Pt/C electrocatalyst of polymer electrolyte film fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN1452261A CN1452261A CN03131076A CN03131076A CN1452261A CN 1452261 A CN1452261 A CN 1452261A CN 03131076 A CN03131076 A CN 03131076A CN 03131076 A CN03131076 A CN 03131076A CN 1452261 A CN1452261 A CN 1452261A
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Abstract
A Pt/C electrocatalyst for polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel battery is prepared through adding solution of inorganic salt to fix the chloroplatinic acid to the pores and surface of carbon particles as carrier or directly depositing chloroplatinic acid on the pores and surface of carbon particles by baking in protecting gas, and programmed heating. Its advantages are small particle diameter (3.5-4.5 mm) and high catalytic properties.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation method of polymer dielectric film fuel cell platinum/carbon electric catalyst.
Background technology
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFC) is a kind of novel Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) that directly chemical energy is converted into electric energy.Have 1) the energy conversion efficiency height; 2) owing to no-rotary part, inside battery does not have the machinery wearing and tearing, and system is more safe and reliable; 3) no a large amount of waste water is discharged, no sulfur-bearing, and nitrogen-containing compound generates, the operational environment noiselessness; 4) Knockdown blockization, generate output is regulated advantages such as convenient, is very suitable for application such as mobile phone, notebook computer, military portable power supplies and electric motor car, the space shuttle etc. of portable power source.At present, along with the continuous progress of related scientific research and technical work, the practical application foreground of polymer electrolyte fuel cells is day by day bright and clear; But still face some technical problems simultaneously, one of key wherein is exactly the research and development of high-performance eelctro-catalyst.Because have determined the overall performance of battery to a great extent in the catalytic activity of eelctro-catalyst, anti-poisoning capability and useful life etc.In the middle of the current commercial catalyst, the product of E-TEK company be cost effectiveness best one of.Sum up research work in the past, charcoal supported noble metal catalyst preparation method mainly is divided into following several: (1) carrier impregnation method, it promptly directly is raw material with the chloroplatinic acid, adopt distinct methods reduction preparation platinum/Pd/carbon catalyst [J.B.Goodenough, A.Hamnett, B.J.Kemmedy, et al.Electrochimica Acta, 15 (1990) 199-207].Basic process is, carrier is immersed fully absorption in the metal salt solution, then reduction metal-carrier granular of obtaining disperseing.This method mainly is to rely on capillarity that platinum acid chloride solution is entered in the space of activated carbon granule, and stable absorption, and therefore, the absorption situation of chloroplatinic acid in carrier determining the final performance of catalyst.In reduction process, because the influence of diffusional resistance, chloroplatinic acid in the solution at first is reduced, carrying out along with reaction, chloroplatinic acid concentration reduces gradually in the solution, the adsorption equilibrium that exists between bulk solution and carrier moves to the solution direction, being adsorbed on the interpore part chloroplatinic acid of charcoal carrier granular desorption gets back to and participates in reduction reaction in the solution, therefore, will inevitably cause platinum particles gathering in the catalyst at last, the big and skewness one of particle diameter, the decentralization in carrier is low etc., has influenced the performance of catalytic performance.(2) colloid method and metal ion matching method, promptly earlier chloroplatinic acid is converted into the complex compound or the complex of platinum, further prepare platinum/Pd/carbon catalyst [H.bonnemann by this complex compound or complex again, W.Brijoux, R.Brinkman, E.Dinjus, T.Joussen andB.Korall, Angew.Chem.103 (1991) 1344; Masahiro Watanabe, Makoto Uchida, Satoshi Motoo, J.Electroanal.Chem.229 (1987) 395-406].The catalyst metals that these class methods obtain is better dispersed, the granular size homogeneous.But method is loaded down with trivial details, and is relatively stricter to conditional requests such as temperature, solution concentration, pH value, reaction time.(3) metal cluster compound established law [Schmidt, M.Noeske, H.A.Gasteiger, R.J.Behm, J.Electrochem.Soc., Vol.145, No.3, March 1998], be that metal and reducing agent react and obtain metal cluster, adsorbed with carrier then that this method can obtain the less catalyst granules of particle diameter in suitable organic facies, but severe reaction conditions, and also more complicated of the removal of organic facies.
Summary of the invention
The preparation method who the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of polymer dielectric film fuel cell eelctro-catalyst, this method can obtain the less 3.5-4.5nm of particle diameter, be uniformly dispersed and platinum/Pd/carbon catalyst that the active crystal structural content is controlled, electro-chemical test shows, under the same terms, this catalyst performance is equal to or is better than the E-TEK catalyst.
For achieving the above object, the preparation method of polymer dielectric film fuel cell eelctro-catalyst provided by the invention, its key step is:
1) earlier active carbon is joined in the mixed solvent of deionized water and organic solvent, wherein active carbon content is 0.1-5.0g/L, and the volume ratio of deionized water and utmost point machine solvent is 1: 0.2-5; Active carbon of the present invention can replace with carbon nano-tube, and described organic solvent is acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or ether.
2) drip the platium halogen compound aqueous solution then, stir and be heated to 40-80 ℃, kept temperature 1-5 hour, be mixed with the mixed solution that platinum content is 0.1-1.0g/L.The present invention is a raw material with the aqueous solution of platium halogen compound, and wherein platinum is present in platium halogen compound or the corresponding salt with divalence or tetravalence form, can be chloride, bromide or iodide.
3) mixed solution is dried under 80-200 ℃ of following vacuum or argon gas or nitrogen protection.
4) drying the material that obtains adopts the temperature programming method to carry out roasting under argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere:
I) at 300-400 ℃ of following constant temperature calcining 1-4 hour;
Ii) at 450-560 ℃ of following constant temperature calcining 2-4 hour;
Iii) at 630-750 ℃ of following constant temperature calcining 3-6 hour.
5) solid matter of collection after the step 4) roasting, the deionized water filtration washing is to there not being Cl-;
6) 80-110 ℃ of following vacuumize obtains the platinum/carbon electric catalyst that particle diameter is the 3.5-4.5 nanometer.
The present invention can also be in step 2) carry out step 3) again after adding the inorganic ammonium or the sylvite aqueous solution in the platiniferous mixed solution of preparation, the mass percent concentration of wherein inorganic ammonium or potassium salt soln is 5-70%, with the mol ratio of platinum be 5-100: 1.Inorganic ammonium of the present invention or sylvite are potassium chloride, KBr, KI, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide or ammonium iodide.
Of the present invention after the step 4) roasting, can also be in argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere the 10-50 minute prompt drop of having to go to the toilet to normal temperature.
Embodiment
Embodiment provided by the invention is as follows:
Embodiment 1: it is in isopropyl alcohol/deionized water mixed solvent of 1: 1 that the 500mg active carbon is joined the 600mL volume ratio, stirred 2 hours, adding 550ml mass percent is 35% aqueous ammonium chloride solution, stirred 2 hours, slowly drip chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution, final platinum content is 0.25g/L, heated solution to 80 ℃, stirred 1 hour, with mixed solution 100 ℃ of oven dry under argon shield, under argon gas or nitrogen protection, adopt the temperature programming method to carry out roasting: 1) 350 ℃ of following constant temperature calcinings 2 hours; 2) 490 ℃ of following constant temperature calcinings 2 hours; 3) 680 ℃ of following constant temperature calcinings 1 hour, argon gas or nitrogen protection were reduced to normal temperature in following 10 minutes.Solid matter after the collection roasting filters with deionized water, and washing is to there not being Cl
-Till; 80 ℃ of following vacuumizes, obtain the platinum/carbon electric catalyst that particle diameter is the 3.5-4.5 nanometer.The methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 2: other condition is with embodiment 1, and only changing active carbon is 400mg, and isopropyl alcohol/deionized water proportioning is 2: 1, drips chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution, and final platinum content is 0.1g/L.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 3: other condition is with embodiment 1, and only changing the chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution mass percent is 50%, drips chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution, and final platinum content is 0.8g/L, heated solution to 50 ℃.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 4: other condition is with embodiment 1, only changes organic solvent and be ethanol/deionized water mixed liquor of 1: 1, and aqueous ammonium chloride solution is 1000ml.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 5: other condition is with embodiment 1, only changes organic solvent and be ethanol/deionized water mixed liquor of 3: 1, drips chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution, and final platinum content is 0.5g/L.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 6: other condition is with embodiment 1, and the proportioning that only changes isopropyl alcohol/deionized water mixed liquor is 1: 5,, the adding of cancellation aqueous ammonium chloride solution drips chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution, and final platinum content is 0.3g/L, and the heating mixeding liquid temperature is 60 ℃.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 7: other condition is with embodiment 1, and only changing active carbon is 600mg, and isopropyl alcohol/deionized water proportioning is 4: 1, and volume is 830ml, logical nitrogen protection in oven dry and the roasting process.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 8: other condition is with embodiment 1, and the mass percent that only changes the aqueous ammonium chloride solution that adds is 10%, and volume is 850ml, drips chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution, and final platinum content is 0.2g/L, and first step sintering temperature is 350 ℃ in the temperature programming process.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 9: other condition is with embodiment 1, and the protection gas that only changes in the mixed solution drying course is nitrogen, and bake out temperature is 150 ℃, and first step roasting time is 1 hour in the temperature programming process, and sintering temperature is 400 ℃.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 10: other condition is with embodiment 1, and the addition that only changes active carbon is 380mg, and the second one-step baking time was 3 hours in the temperature programming process, and temperature is 450 ℃.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 11: other condition is with embodiment 1, and the addition that only changes chloroplatinic acid is 0.4g/L, the adding of cancellation ammonium chloride solution, and the 3rd one-step baking time was 3 hours in the temperature programming process, temperature is 750 ℃.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 12: other condition is with embodiment 1, and only changing absorbent charcoal carrier is carbon nanotube carrier, the rapid cooling process after the cancellation roasting is finished.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance slightly is better than the E-TEK catalyst.
Embodiment 13: other condition is with embodiment 1, and the proportioning that only changes acetone/deionized water mixed liquor is 1: 5, drips chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution, and final platinum content is 0.6g/L, and the roasting afterproduct was cooled to normal temperature in 30 minutes.The particle diameter of platinum is 3.5-4.5nm in the catalyst, and the methanol oxidation polarization curve that is recorded by half-cell shows that its performance is equivalent to the E-TEK catalyst.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of preparation method of polymer dielectric film fuel cell platinum/carbon electric catalyst, its key step is:
A) active carbon is joined in the mixed solvent of deionized water and organic solvent, wherein active carbon content is 0.1-5.0g/L, and the volume ratio of deionized water and utmost point machine solvent is 1: 0.2-5;
B) drip the platium halogen compound aqueous solution, stir and be heated to 40-80 ℃, kept temperature 1-5 hour, be mixed with the mixed solution that platinum content is 0.1-1.0g/L;
C) mixed solution is dried under 80-200 ℃ of following vacuum or argon gas or nitrogen protection;
D) drying the material that obtains adopts the temperature programming method to carry out roasting under argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere:
I) at 300-400 ℃ of following constant temperature calcining 1-4 hour;
Ii) at 450-560 ℃ of following constant temperature calcining 2-4 hour;
Iii) at 630-750 ℃ of following constant temperature calcining 3-6 hour;
E) solid matter of collection after the steps d roasting, the deionized water filtration washing is to there not being Cl
-
F) 80-110 ℃ of following vacuumize obtains the platinum/carbon electric catalyst that particle diameter is the 3.5-4.5 nanometer.
2, polymer dielectric film nanometer electrical catalyst preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also add the inorganic ammonium or the sylvite aqueous solution in the platiniferous mixed solution of described step b preparation, the mass percent concentration of wherein inorganic ammonium or potassium salt soln is 5-70%, with the mol ratio of platinum be 5-100: 1.
3, polymer dielectric film nanometer electrical catalyst preparation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described inorganic ammonium or sylvite are potassium chloride, KBr, KI, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide or ammonium iodide.
4, polymer dielectric film nanometer electrical catalyst preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described steps d is also reduced to normal temperature in 10-50 minute in argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere after adopting temperature programming to carry out roasting under argon gas or the nitrogen atmosphere.
5, polymer dielectric film nanometer electrical catalyst preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, organic solvent described in the step a is acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or ether.
6, polymer dielectric film nanometer electrical catalyst preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the platium halogen compound described in the step b is chloride, bromide or iodide.
7, polymer dielectric film nanometer electrical catalyst preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described active carbon is replaced as catalyst carrier by carbon nano-tube.
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| CN03131076A CN1452261A (en) | 2003-05-15 | 2003-05-15 | Method for preparing Pt/C electrocatalyst of polymer electrolyte film fuel cell |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103706355A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing carbon-supported palladium or palladium-platinum electro-catalyst for direct formic acid fuel cell under auxiliary protection of inorganic salt |
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2003
- 2003-05-15 CN CN03131076A patent/CN1452261A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103706355A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing carbon-supported palladium or palladium-platinum electro-catalyst for direct formic acid fuel cell under auxiliary protection of inorganic salt |
| CN103706355B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-09-02 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of carbon of inorganic salts auxiliary protection carries the preparation method of palladium or palladium platinum direct methanoic acid fuel cell eelctro-catalyst |
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