CN1424602A - Optical fiber tunable polarizer and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber tunable polarizer and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 208000021155 Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001241 arc-discharge method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 6
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- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an optical fiber tunable polarizer based on a metal lantern ring long-period fiber grating, which is characterized in that the long-period fiber grating is written on a fiber core of a high-birefringence optical fiber, the birefringence effect of the optical fiber is utilized to lead each order of resonance peak splitting component of the long-period fiber grating to respectively correspond to two resonance peaks of a fast axis and a slow axis, thus realizing the polarization effect at the resonance wavelength. Compared with the common polarizer at present, the invention has the characteristics of small insertion loss, high extinction ratio, small back reflection and easy manufacture, and has the advantages of simple tuning structure, miniaturized tuning device, small volume, high tuning speed, high tuning efficiency and large tuning range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention and optical fiber communication and Fibre Optical Sensor, measurement are relevant, the humorous polarizer of particularly a kind of optical-fibre adjustable, and it is based on the tunable polarizer of metal collar long period fiber grating.
Background technology
In optical system, people often need use the polarizer.It is a kind of optical device of manually making, when its function is when nonpolarized light or not exclusively polarized light incides the polarizer, only allows the light transmission of a polarization direction within particular range of wavelengths, thereby forms polarized light.The common polarizer mainly contains the crystal polarizer, wire-grid polarizers, the glass polarizer and the film polarizer etc., and their general volumes are all bigger.Along with development of fiber technology, in optical fiber communication and Fibre Optical Sensor, fields of measurement, people have higher requirement to these bulk optics devices.In order to meet requirement of actual application in fibre system, people have produced the polarizer with optical fiber interface, comprise the bulk optics polarizer that adopts small size and have the input of optical fiber connection, the polarizer of output interface.But people more wish to develop the optical effect of directly utilizing optical fiber obtains the full optical fiber polarizer, so just can reduce to insert loss, reduces cost.A.S.Kurkov has proposed to write long period fiber grating on birefringence fiber, becomes a kind of high performance wavelength selection type fibre optic polarizer.Compare with the crystal or the film-type polarizer, this polarizer has that to insert loss ratio less, and extinction ratio is high and be easy to characteristics such as making.But the polarization tuning characteristic (" Long-period fibers gratings as a wavelength selectivepolarization element " Electronic Letters 33 (7) pp:616-617 1997) that does not relate to this polarizer in the literature.
Tunability has very important meaning in optical fiber communication and sensory field of optic fibre, it can improve the practicality and the dirigibility of device greatly.Therefore the optical fiber grating with tunable filtering device had appearred in recent years.Tuning method commonly used is fiber grating to be put into the container of a temperature adjustment, regulates its wavelength by the temperature that changes in the container, the obvious apparatus structure more complicated of this tuning methods, and tuning response is slow, and electric energy loss is bigger, and efficient is low.Therefore, people such as H.G.Limberger adopt and plate the metal resistive layer at the grating fibers outside surface, by applying electric current, be transformed into Joule heat then fiber grating is carried out thermal tuning (" Efficient miniature fiber-optictunable filter based on intracore bragg grating and electrieally resistivecoating " IEEE Photonics Technology Letter 10 (3) pp:361-363 1998).This thermal tuning method is compared with foregoing method, and it is little to have a volume, the efficient height, and the advantage that the response time is short has good practicability.People such as D.M.Costantini are applied to the wavelength tuning of long period optical fiber grating filter with the metallization current flow heats method that H.G.Limberger proposed, and have obtained good effect.Maximum wavelength tuning amount is 11nm, and tuning efficient is 16.4nm/W.(《Tunable?loss?filter?based?on?metalcoated?long?period?grating》ECOC’98?pp：391-392)。But all do not relate in the above-mentioned document and on polarization maintaining optical fibre, make the tunable polarizer of long period fiber grating.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of loss is little, extinction ratio is high, back-reflection is little and be easy to make humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable and preparation method thereof that inserts.
Total design of technical solution of the present invention is to utilize the long period fiber grating in the metallic resistance collar heating polarization maintaining optical fibre and form a kind of tunable polarizer, and concrete technical scheme is as follows:
The humorous polarizer of a kind of optical-fibre adjustable, be characterized on the fibre core of a hi bi birefringence fiber with long period fiber grating, the covering of this fiber grating is outward the layer of metal resistance collar, the two ends of this metallic resistance collar are installed with the lead-in wire electrode respectively, and said structure is fixed on the insulating base.
The manufacture method of the humorous polarizer of described optical-fibre adjustable comprises the following steps:
1. on the fibre core of a hi bi birefringence fiber, write the long period fiber grating of certain-length;
2. in the outside of the covering of this fiber grating, plate the layer of metal endosexine equably; On the metal endosexine, plate metallic nickel again, form the metallic resistance collar as extexine;
3. the pair of lead wires electrode of burn-oning respectively at the two ends of this metallic resistance collar;
4. at last they are fixed on the insulating base.
Described hi bi birefringence fiber is the optical fiber with birefringence effect, or panda optic fibre or butterfly optical fiber or elliptical clad fiber;
Writing of described long period fiber grating can adopt ultraviolet mask exposure method or stepping to move pointwise ultraviolet irradiation method or carbon dioxide laser wrting method or little curved method or arc discharge method;
The endosexine metal of the described metallic resistance collar can be titanium or platinum or gold;
The metallic resistance film that the described metallic resistance collar can adopt evaporation of ion sputtering method and electro-plating method to form also can constitute with commodity strip resistance sheet or strip resistance sheet customized;
Described insulating base can be insulating gel plank, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate or plastic plate.
The principle of work of the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable of the present invention is as follows.The cycle of long period fiber grating is generally tens to a hundreds of micron, and it is a kind of fiber grating that the fibre core basic mode is coupled to the cladding mode that transmits in the same way.The energy of cladding mode can very easily be depleted because of the bending of optical fiber, so it is a kind of loss-type grating.It is compared with common Bragg fiber grating has that the back-reflection rate is low, bandwidth is wide and be easy to advantages such as batch making.Generally several harmonic peaks can occur on LPG transmitted spectrum, this is because the basic mode of fibre core is formed with the cladding mode coupling of different orders, close shortwave direction be the lower mould of order, and the long wave direction is the mould of high order.According to phase-matching condition, can be in the hope of the resonance wavelength of long period fiber grating:
N in the formula
CoreEffective refractive index for basic mode in the fibre core; n
Clad pEffective refractive index for p rank cladding mode; Λ is the cycle of grating.Simultaneously in the resonance wave strong point, the strength S at peak can be transmitted coupling mode equations in the same way and draws relational expression below its satisfies by separating:
S=sin
2(κ L) wherein L is the length of grating, and κ is the coupling coefficient of basic mode and cladding mode.As can be seen when κ L=pi/2, it is maximum that resonance intensity can reach from formula.
Hi bi birefringence fiber, fast axle of polarization and the pairing fiber core refractive index n of slow axis
f, n
sBetween certain difference (10 is arranged
-4Magnitude); Simultaneously also variant corresponding to the propagation constant of the basic mode of fast axle and slow axis fibre core and each rank cladding mode, according to the coupling condition of long period fiber grating, each harmonic peak of long period fiber grating will split into two peaks, and its corresponding centre wavelength is respectively λ
fAnd λ
sThat is to say, if λ
fAnd λ
sFar away at interval, and two harmonic peak losses are enough big, in central wavelength lambda
fAbout, will be coupled in the covering corresponding to the polarized light of fast axle and lose, and the polarized light of slow axis will pass through grating region losslessly in fibre core; Otherwise, in central wavelength lambda
sAbout, the polarized light of slow axis is depleted, and the polarized light of fast axle will pass through losslessly, has so just realized the inclined to one side function that rises in the certain wave strong point.If resonance intensity is sufficiently large, extinction ratio can reach more than the 30dB.
The long period fiber grating that is made on optical fiber with double refractive index has good temperature characterisitic, and the harmonic peak wavelength change is certain linear with variation of temperature, and resonance intensity then almost remains unchanged.It also exists the characteristics that some are different from common long period fiber grating simultaneously.Such as long period fiber grating for cycle big (Λ＞200 μ m), the variation of the centre wavelength of the pairing quadravalence harmonic peak of fast axle polarized light and ambient temperature be varied to negative proportionate relationship; The pairing quadravalence harmonic peak of slow axis polarized light then is just tuning, and this is that the variation of stress distribution causes in the polarization maintaining optical fibre because the dopant material difference of optical fiber and variation of temperature cause.
Based on These characteristics, when the metallic resistance collar (5) to fiber grating outside passes to the direct current of different current values, change the temperature of grating by the Joule heat that electric current produced, just can realize the wavelength electric tuning of the polarizer.According to the heat conduction law, the heat of conduction is proportional to thermograde:
κ is the thermal conductivity of material in the formula.Because the fiber grating well heater is the hard-pressed bale metallic resistance collar, the thermal conductance distance is extremely lacked (having only 60 microns), microminiaturization, and thermal capacity is very little, so electric current/variation of temperature response speed is very fast, and tuning efficient is very high.
In sum, the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable of the present invention is compared with present the common polarizer, not only have and insert the characteristics that loss is little, extinction ratio is high, back-reflection is little and be easy to make, and have that tuning structure is simple, tuner is microminiaturized, volume is little, tuned speed is fast, tuning efficient height and the big advantage of tuning range.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. the structural drawing of the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable of the present invention
Fig. 2. the typical transmission spectrum of polarization-type long period fiber grating in the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable of the present invention
Fig. 3. the Changing Pattern figure of the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable of the present invention quadravalence slow axis harmonic peak in the electric tuning process,
Left figure is the wavelength change rule, and right figure is the Changing Pattern of loss.
Specific embodiments
We select a panda protecting polarized light fiber as hi bi birefringence fiber 1, adopt the method for ultraviolet light irradiation, are that 450 μ m and length are the long period fiber grating 4 of 8cm in 2 last write cycles of fibre core.We adopt the method for ion sputtering to plate Ti or metals such as Pt or Au equably in covering 3 outsides of fiber grating 4 as the endosexine then, then adopt chemical deposition to add electrochemical plating and on the endosexine, plate metal Ni, form the metallic resistance collar 5 as extexine.So both improved the intensity of optical fiber and metal interlevel, very convenient again when using the scolder welding.The thickness of metallic resistance film 5 is about 2 μ m, and resistance is 3 Ω.The pair of lead wires electrode 6 of burn-oning at the two ends of metallic resistance film 5, and they are fixed on the insulating base 7, make long period fiber grating keep straight, stablize its coupled characteristic.
Fig. 2 is a LPG transmitted spectrum of making on panda protecting polarized light fiber.We can see from figure, and wavelength is that the 1550nm place is the pairing harmonic peak of fast axle polarized light, and are the pairing harmonic peaks of slow axis polarized light at the 1587nm place, and bandwidth is approximately 14nm.Be divided into 37nm between these two peaks,, guaranteed the extinction ratio of the polarizer so effectively greater than the bandwidth of harmonic peak.Owing to adopt 1.5 μ wave band led light sources when detecting, the light that is sent is not single polarization state, luminous power under the situation that a kind of polarized light is lost fully in the optical fiber will reduce half, be slightly less than the harmonic peak of 3dB so can only see two losses in the transmission spectrum, the extinction ratio that we can calculate it by formula is greater than 30dB.In addition, we have detected respectively, and quadravalence is fast, the temperature-responsive coefficient of slow axis harmonic peak wavelength, and the temperature-responsive coefficient of surveying the fast axle of technetium resonance wavelength is-0.028nm/ ℃, and the temperature-responsive coefficient of slow axis resonance wavelength is+and 0.132nm/ ℃.
We pass to different electric currents for the metal collar by a direct supply, and observe its tuning situation.Fig. 3 is fiber grating quadravalence slow axis harmonic peak centre wavelength and the loss variation with the increase of electric current, promptly tuning situation.Adopted the square value of electric current in the drawings, this is because the metallic resistance collar 5 variation of temperature are the performance numbers that produce with electric current to be directly proportional, and promptly under the certain situation of resistance is and square being directly proportional of electric current.As can be seen from Figure 3, electric current is in 0 in the scope of 150mA, and the variation of the variation of centre wavelength and the square value of electric current has good linear relationship, and tuning scope is 16.6nm, and the variation of loss simultaneously is smaller, and changes in amplitude is less than 0.3dB.Here our situation of change that only provided the slow axis harmonic peak is because it has than the bigger tuning range of fast axle harmonic peak, and is more representative.
We adopt special measurement mechanism to measure the tuning speed of this polarizer, and the result is: the about 600mS of response time that heats up tuning; The cooling tuning period depends on the speed of heat radiation, and often outline is longer than the intensification tuning period, approximately 1s.
The playing inclined to one side effect, tuning range and tuning speed and can satisfy practical application in some Fiber Optical Communication System and Fibre Optical Sensor, measuring system of the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable of the present invention.For playing the long requirement of partial wave, we can be by designing the coupled characteristic of long period fiber grating in advance at the user, and in the manufacturing process of grating the tuning initial wavelength of control harmonic peak.In the application of reality, user only need distinguishes the two ends of this polarizer tail optical fiber in the incoming fiber optic system, and is equipped with common direct supply, just can realize the inclined to one side function that rises in the particular range of wavelengths by the size of regulating electric current, operation is simple, good reliability.
Claims (7)
1. humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable, it is characterized in that it is to go up with long period fiber grating (4) at the fibre core (2) of a hi bi birefringence fiber (1), the covering (3) of this fiber grating (4) is outer to be the layer of metal resistance collar (5), the two ends of this metallic resistance collar (5) are installed with lead-in wire electrode (6) respectively, and said structure is fixed on the insulating base (7).
2. the manufacture method of the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable according to claim 1 is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. on the fibre core (2) of a hi bi birefringence fiber (1), write the long period fiber grating (4) of certain-length;
2. in the outside of the covering (3) of this fiber grating (4), plate the layer of metal endosexine equably; On the metal endosexine, plate metallic nickel again, form the metallic resistance collar (5) as extexine;
3. the pair of lead wires electrode (6) of burn-oning respectively at the two ends of this metallic resistance collar (5);
4. they are fixed on the insulating base (7) at last.
3. the manufacture method of the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable according to claim 2 is characterized in that described hi bi birefringence fiber (1) is the optical fiber with birefringence effect, or panda optic fibre or butterfly optical fiber or elliptical clad fiber.
4. the manufacture method of the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable according to claim 2 is characterized in that writing of described long period fiber grating (4) can adopt ultraviolet mask exposure method or stepping to move pointwise ultraviolet irradiation method or carbon dioxide laser wrting method or little curved method or arc discharge method.
5. the manufacture method of the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable according to claim 2 is characterized in that the endosexine metal of the described metallic resistance collar (5) can be titanium or platinum or gold.
6. the manufacture method of the humorous polarizer of optical-fibre adjustable according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the metallic resistance film that the described metallic resistance collar (5) can adopt evaporation of ion sputtering method and electro-plating method to form, also can constitute with commodity strip resistance sheet or strip resistance sheet customized.
7. according to the manufacture method of the claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or the 5 or 6 humorous polarizers of described optical-fibre adjustable, it is characterized in that described insulating base (7) can be insulating gel plank, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate or plastic plate.
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| CN03114816A CN1424602A (en) | 2003-01-10 | 2003-01-10 | Optical fiber tunable polarizer and manufacturing method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN03114816A CN1424602A (en) | 2003-01-10 | 2003-01-10 | Optical fiber tunable polarizer and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1310051C (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2007-04-11 | 暨南大学 | Controllable cascade type optical fiber raster DWDM single / multi-channel filter and its implementing method |
| CN100390586C (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2008-05-28 | 美国飞泰尔有限公司 | Microstructure optical waveguide capable of providing periodical resonant structure |
| CN101806935A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-08-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Inner wall fused and embedded single-mode polarization maintaining fiber on-line polarizer |
| CN104914593A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-16 | 江苏大学 | Changeable grating structure control method based on electro-thermal effect |
| CN109031534A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-18 | 中山大学 | A kind of thermal tuning grating coupler |
| CN113608299A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-05 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | All-fiber polarizer and preparation method thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-01-10 CN CN03114816A patent/CN1424602A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100390586C (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2008-05-28 | 美国飞泰尔有限公司 | Microstructure optical waveguide capable of providing periodical resonant structure |
| CN1310051C (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2007-04-11 | 暨南大学 | Controllable cascade type optical fiber raster DWDM single / multi-channel filter and its implementing method |
| CN101806935A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-08-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Inner wall fused and embedded single-mode polarization maintaining fiber on-line polarizer |
| CN104914593A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-16 | 江苏大学 | Changeable grating structure control method based on electro-thermal effect |
| CN109031534A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-18 | 中山大学 | A kind of thermal tuning grating coupler |
| CN113608299A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-05 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | All-fiber polarizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113608299B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2024-06-07 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | All-fiber polarizer and preparation method thereof |
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