CN1422975A - Iron and steel part surface oxidizing method - Google Patents
Iron and steel part surface oxidizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1422975A CN1422975A CN 02151285 CN02151285A CN1422975A CN 1422975 A CN1422975 A CN 1422975A CN 02151285 CN02151285 CN 02151285 CN 02151285 A CN02151285 A CN 02151285A CN 1422975 A CN1422975 A CN 1422975A
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Abstract
There is an oxidation method of steel part surface, it belongs to the heat treatment technology and environmental protection field. The method is: the oxidition treatment is carried on in air stove, or adds in substance which isn't polluted, the color of the part mainly lies on the temperature, it acquires yellow, golden yellow, wine, blue, sandy beige, black oxidation film between 220 degree C -420 degree C. The craft in the ivnention tallies with clean production and green heat treatment.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of steel-iron components surface treatment method, and particularly a kind of steel-iron components process for surface oxidation belongs to heat treatment technics and environmental protection field.
Background technology
Turning blue or turn black in the steel-iron components surface is a kind of method that generates one deck blueness or black-and-blue oxide film or other black thin film at piece surface.The three kinds of processing methodes that mainly contain that are used for this technology at present: fused salt oxidation blackout, alkaline oxygenated and room temperature blackening.Fused salt oxidation blackout is to carry out in fused nitrate medium, has serious environmental and pollutes, and be unfavorable for health, and energy consumption is big, needs a large amount of water for cleaning, is eliminated.Room temperature blackening is a kind of technology of just rising a kind of twentieth century end of the eighties to the early 1990s, but in fact it should not belong to the steel surface oxidation technology, and complex treatment process, the production cost height, serious environmental pollution is arranged, turn blue with alkalescence and compare, its performance is stable inadequately.Find that by literature search P.45 Zhou Honghong introduces in " comparison of iron and steel normal temperature and high temperature blackening method " literary composition at " material protection " in July, 2002, alkaline oxygenated originating from the thirties in 20th century is to contain oxygenant NaNO
2The NaOH basic solution under 135～150 ℃ of temperature, handle steel-iron components, though that it handles quality is better, production process complexity, labour intensity are big, environmental pollution is serious, has high energy consumption and low production efficiency disadvantage simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency in the existing steel-iron components surface oxidation technology, a kind of steel-iron components process for surface oxidation is provided, this method is a kind of surface that cleaner production and Green heat treatment require method for oxidation that turns blue that meets, save energy, non-environmental-pollution, workpiece color and luster are attractive in appearance, oxide film fastness and homogeneity are in preferable states, can handle automatically simultaneously, reduce labour intensity greatly, and alkaline oxygenated method do not possess these characteristics.The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and the inventive method is as follows:
In air furnace, carry out oxide treatment, or add the material of environmentally safe,, all do not produce the material that environment is had pollution in the oxidation processes as water, potassium permanganate and the rich oxygen containing empty nitrogen byproduct that divides; The color and luster that the steel-iron components oxide treatment obtains depends primarily on the temperature that heats under the air atmosphere, can obtain light yellow, golden yellow, garnet, blueness, light brown and black oxide film in 220 ℃～420 ℃ scopes, have certain Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's gas corrosion and attractive, decorative.
Below the inventive method is further described:
(1) in order be automatically under the air heating condition part to be carried out the oxidation processing of turning blue, oxidation is turned blue and is finished the temper of workpiece when handling.The major equipment that adopts is an air furnace, air furnace mainly adopts the rotation tube furnace, stove heating power, tube furnace length dimension, rotating speed etc. are pressed workpiece size, batch and hourly efficiency decision, and this stove shape is particularly suitable for some pieces of sheet, cylindric and standardized component etc.Be welded after a tubular commentaries on classics jar general employing stainless steel plate is rolled into shape in the stove, the close stainless steel volution gusset that is welded with certain altitude in the pipe makes part rotate with retort and is moved to discharge end by feed end, heats tempering and carries out the requirement that oxidation is turned blue to satisfy.For make these parts can be evenly with add the oxide film that warm air (furnace gas) contacts acquisition thickness and color and luster uniformity, part will be finished certain stirring in stove, the diagonal bar sheet of this certain altitude that requires in jar, in axial direction to burn-on, muscle sheet angle of inclination is consistent with the workpiece working direction, is about 60 ℃.With in the jar from opening for feed apart from difference, adding weldering diagonal bar sheet quantity has difference, general retort front portion is more, the retort middle part is less, the retort rear portion can be considered and not add.
Air furnace can design or use other type of furnace according to part geometry shape, quantity, as: pusher furnace, roller stove, shaker hearth furnace or pot furnace.The part of, workpiece comparatively small amt big to some sizes also can carry out in advantageous device has the pit furnace of instillator or injector or box-type furnace.
(2) handle the batch part and will obtain even oxide film, piece surface should pass through cleaning in advance, for example: and tumbling in cylinder, or carry out sandblast cleaning.
(3) the oxide film color and luster of parts processed depends mainly on Heating temperature height in the air, generates the oxide thickness difference, thereby has different color and lusters.Can obtain oxide films such as light yellow, golden yellow, garnet, blueness, light brown and black in 220 ℃～420 ℃ scopes, have certain Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's gas corrosion and attractive, decorative.Heating temperature and oxide film color and luster concern as following table:
| Heating temperature | ?220/240℃ | ?260/280℃ | ?280/300℃ | ?300/320℃ | ?320/340℃ | ?400/420℃ |
| Color and luster | Light yellow | Golden yellow | Garnet | Blue | Light brown | Black |
(4) in order to make the part oxide film have better properties, can feed water vapor in the oxidized form atmosphere in stove, water vapor is taken from boiler or commercially available vapour generator.
(5) in order to reduce the carrying out of Heating temperature or promote the oxidation, can in stove, add potassium permanganate (KMnO in the oxidizing atmosphere
4) aqueous solution, the aqueous solution is preferably now with the current, because KMnO
4The back that is heated take place to decompose generates nascent oxygen, has high activity, is easy to iron with workpiece surface and works and generate Fe
3O
4Film.
KMnO
4The aqueous solution can adopt the formula of splashing into or jet-type to add, and can splash into higher furnace temperature, can adopt the injection method for implanting to low furnace temperature.The formula of splashing into can use with the drop-feeding gas carburization stove on identical eropper (commercial), jet-type can adopt the spray gun of the usefulness of generally spraying paint.
(6) make the empty nitrogen device that divides now, the oxygen containing gas of richness is discharged, carry out in order to reduce oxide treatment Heating temperature or promote the oxidation, can feed empty rich oxygen containing bi-product gas of dividing nitrogen to obtain in the stove, wherein oxygen partial pressure is greater than 0.21atm, and this gas is compared with atmosphere, has increased the dividing potential drop of oxygen, can make the surface of steel workpiece oxidation that accelerates, the oxide film that helps turning blue generates.
The present invention has substantive distinguishing features and obvious improvement, the present invention is a kind of Technology that meets cleaner production and Green heat treatment requirement, can substitute nitrate, alkali, acid and selenous acid etc. has the article of severe contamination to environment, can automatization operate, thereby reduce labour intensity greatly, an application of air or system nitrogen byproduct is rich in carrier of oxygen under the electrically heated condition, what discharge is the gas of environmentally safe, simultaneously can save water for cleaning in a large number, and improved the resistant to tarnishing ability of part in atmosphere, increased attractive in appearance and ornamental.
Embodiment
Provide following examples in conjunction with content of the present invention:
Embodiment 1: parts such as bicycle chain sheet, and tempering was carried out at 310 ℃ after material 40Mn quenched, so oxide treatment can follow the workpiece tempering can to carry out in apparatus of the present invention simultaneously, the both ends open fire door heats in air or feeds water vapor or spray into KMnO
4Carry out the surface processing of turning blue under the aqueous conditions simultaneously.The chain sheet will be done the tumbling processing in advance.Can obtain evenly firm blue oxide film on the part after apparatus of the present invention are handled, have certain corrosion resisting property and attractive, decorative.Certain chain factory adopts the tube furnace of φ 800 * 7000 to produce, and output is 300Kg/h.
Embodiment 2: a lot of photographic camera parts all require surface oxidation to become black, handle in tube furnace, and temperature is 420 ℃, feed a certain amount of steam, tubular retort can rotate more slowly, and the diagonal bar sheet can increase in right amount in stokehold portion in jar, and it is more that part is stirred in this subregion.For oxide film is evenly attractive in appearance, part passes through tumbling in advance.The oxide film of handling the surface generation of workpiece through this device is black, and its etch resistant properties and alkalescence blackout are quite.
Embodiment 3: certain part on the weaving loom, surface requirements are processed into yellowish to golden yellow, can shelve the back in a certain way and handle in pit furnace, configuration instillator or spray gun on the stove, logical empty nitrogen tail gas (being rich in oxygen) or an amount of (injection) KMnO of instillation of dividing in the stove
4The aqueous solution, 220/240 ℃ of furnace temperature.Workpiece is less, and what size was suitably bigger also can carry out in box-type furnace, and KMnO is sprayed in preparation
4The solution spray gun.Parts processed color (being faint yellow) attractive in appearance is difficult for corrosion.
Embodiment 4: bicycle freewheel, require behind the soft steel carburizing and quenching to be golden yellow, generally in the push-down tube furnace, carry out according to production lot, the two ends fire door opens wide, make oxide treatment in air atmosphere under 240～280 ℃ of temperature, bicycle freewheel is through machining, and the surface reaches certain smooth finish, increased attractive, decorative after being oxidized to golden yellow, rusty stain can not occur through life-time service.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of steel-iron components process for surface oxidation, it is characterized in that method is as follows: in air furnace, carry out oxide treatment, or the material of interpolation environmentally safe, the color and luster that the steel-iron components oxide treatment obtains depends on the temperature that heats under the air atmosphere, obtains light yellow, golden yellow, garnet, blueness, light brown and black oxide film in 220 ℃～420 ℃ scopes.
2, this steel-iron components process for surface oxidation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that under the air heating condition automatically part is carried out the oxidation processing of turning blue, oxidation is turned blue and is finished the temper of workpiece when handling, the major equipment that adopts is an air furnace, air furnace mainly adopts the rotation tube furnace, be welded after a tubular commentaries on classics jar employing stainless steel plate is rolled into shape in the stove, the close stainless steel volution gusset that is welded with height in the pipe, part is rotated with retort to be moved to discharge end by feed end, part evenly with add oxide film that warm air contacts acquisition thickness and color and luster uniformity and finish in stove by part and stir realization, in jar, in axial direction be welded with the diagonal bar sheet of height, muscle sheet angle of inclination is consistent with the workpiece working direction, is 60 °.
3, this steel-iron components process for surface oxidation according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that air furnace adopts the type of furnace of work under other air atmospheres according to part geometry shape and quantity, size part big, the workpiece comparatively small amt is preferably in the pit furnace that is provided with instillator or injector or the box-type furnace carries out.
4, this steel-iron components process for surface oxidation according to claim 2 is characterized in that handling the batch part and obtains even oxide film, and piece surface must be in advance through cleaning.
5, this steel-iron components process for surface oxidation according to claim 1, the oxide film color and luster that it is characterized in that parts processed depends mainly on Heating temperature in the air, obtain light yellow, golden yellow, garnet, blueness, light brown and black oxide film in 220 ℃～420 ℃ scopes, Heating temperature and oxide film color and luster concern as following table:
Heating temperature ??220/240℃ ?260/280℃ ?280/300℃ ?300/320℃ ?320/340℃ ?400/420℃
Color and luster Light yellow Golden yellow Garnet Blue Light brown Black
6, this steel-iron components process for surface oxidation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the part oxide film has better properties by feed water vapor in the oxidized form atmosphere in stove.
7, this steel-iron components process for surface oxidation according to claim 1, the carrying out that it is characterized in that reducing Heating temperature or promote the oxidation is by adding KMnO in the oxidizing atmosphere in stove
4The aqueous solution, the aqueous solution are preferably now with the current, KMnO
4The aqueous solution adopts the formula that splashes into or jet-type to add, and adopts the formula that splashes into to add to higher furnace temperature, adopts jet-type to add to low furnace temperature.
8, this steel-iron components process for surface oxidation according to claim 1 is characterized in that reducing oxide treatment Heating temperature or promote the oxidation and carries out, and by feed empty rich oxygen containing bi-product gas of dividing nitrogen to obtain in stove, wherein oxygen partial pressure is greater than 0.21atm.
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| CNB02151285XA CN1195093C (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2002-12-12 | Iron and steel part surface oxidizing method |
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| CN100510192C (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2009-07-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Anti-rust quenching technique for screw steel |
| CN101195903B (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2010-06-02 | 彩虹集团电子股份有限公司 | Metal parts manufacturing technology |
| CN102152078A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-17 | 浙江迪特高强度螺栓有限公司 | Processing technique for high-strength bolt adopted by bulldozer or excavator pedrail |
| CN103374696A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-30 | 上海萨克斯动力总成部件***有限公司 | Steel part surface treatment method |
| CN103469146A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2013-12-25 | 苏州顺革智能科技有限公司 | Air bluing furnace |
| CN104451653A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-03-25 | 溧阳市超强链条制造有限公司 | Bluing device and bluing method of chain piece |
| CN104630691A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-05-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Stainless steel surface oxidation treatment device |
| CN104630692A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-05-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Stainless steel surface oxidization treatment method |
| CN105624606A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-06-01 | 上海大学 | Bluing treatment method for spring steel surface |
| CN106801211A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-06-06 | 青岛征和工业股份有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus of workpiece air jaundice |
| CN107109665A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-08-29 | 西铁城时计株式会社 | Clock and watch screw and its manufacture method |
| CN107574403A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-12 | 佛山市高明福煌五金制品实业有限公司 | A kind of process of surface treatment of cast iron |
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| CN108359929A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-03 | 浙江苏泊尔股份有限公司 | A kind of processing method of stainless steel work-piece fastness |
| CN111155051A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-15 | 浙江万合邦新材料科技有限公司 | Stainless steel, stainless steel surface treatment process and application of stainless steel surface treatment process in preparation of water tank |
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| CN100510192C (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2009-07-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Anti-rust quenching technique for screw steel |
| CN101195903B (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2010-06-02 | 彩虹集团电子股份有限公司 | Metal parts manufacturing technology |
| CN102152078A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-17 | 浙江迪特高强度螺栓有限公司 | Processing technique for high-strength bolt adopted by bulldozer or excavator pedrail |
| CN103374696A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-30 | 上海萨克斯动力总成部件***有限公司 | Steel part surface treatment method |
| CN103374696B (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2016-03-02 | 上海萨克斯动力总成部件***有限公司 | Steel part surface treatment method |
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| CN104451653A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-03-25 | 溧阳市超强链条制造有限公司 | Bluing device and bluing method of chain piece |
| CN107109665A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-08-29 | 西铁城时计株式会社 | Clock and watch screw and its manufacture method |
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| CN104630692A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-05-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Stainless steel surface oxidization treatment method |
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| CN113652628A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-16 | 卢军波 | Metal surface antirust quenching treatment process |
| CN114959548A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-30 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for improving lead (lead bismuth) corrosion resistance of ferrite/martensite steel through pre-oxidation treatment |
| CN114959548B (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2024-05-07 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for improving lead (lead bismuth) corrosion resistance of ferrite/martensitic steel through pre-oxidation treatment |
| CN115338277A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-15 | 北京首钢吉泰安新材料有限公司 | Iron-chromium-aluminum alloy material with bright gold yellow surface and preparation method thereof |
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