CN1410148A

CN1410148A - Regeneration type harmful gas filter and its filtering material

Info

Publication number: CN1410148A
Application number: CN 01126871
Authority: CN
Inventors: 区峰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2001-09-26
Filing date: 2001-09-26
Publication date: 2003-04-16

Abstract

A regeneration-type harmful gas filter and its filter material feature that the activated carbon fibres used as its filter material can be thermally regenerated by directly flowing electric current through them. The filter material can carry the oxidizing catalyst (Pd and Pt) for VOC gas and stink gas and the cocatalyst is mainly oxide of transition metal and La-system metals. The insulating material (mica or inorganic fibre) is used to isolate the activated carbon fibres layers from each other.

Description

Regeneration type harmful gas filter and filtering material thereof

The present invention is the adsoption catalysis oxidation material used of relevant a kind of renewable formula air cleaning and the filter of making thereof.In more detail, this filter is the purification that is used for the air pernicious gas, as: harmful VOC gases (volatile organic matter) such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, reach absorption, the catalytic oxidation treatment of foul gas such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, be used in the purification of above-mentioned pernicious gas in the living space especially, as: the purification of room airs such as office, family or other public place.

In recent years, along with being extensive use of of the variation of living environment, particularly indoor hardware fitting, people are more and more higher to the degree of attentiveness that is present in benzene class, aldehydes and pernicious gases such as hydrogen sulfide, Ammonia in the living space.In order to remove these pernicious gases, to keep comfortable, safe living environment, need to select effective scavenging material, also must consider its service efficiency and use cost or service life.

In the existing scavenging material, with the disposable purification efficiency height of the big porous adsorbent of specific area, but it often lacks the replacing trouble service life.Therefore, the people is arranged on the basis of existing adsorbent, add catalyst, to reach the purpose that increases the service life.From present disclosed patent and relevant scientific and technical literature, still unresolved benzene hydrocarbon gase catalytic oxidation technical problem at room temperature, even also only depend on original adsorption function to remove for formaldehyde, and as: CN1108198, described in the application number 94119329.2.Therefore, want the effectively hydrocarbon organic compound of branch desorption (benzene class, aldehydes etc.) at present, the required cardinal temperature of catalytic oxidation is still essential.

In the day disclosure special permission, JP07,289,892 (95,289,892) a kind of catalyzing deodorizing technology is disclosed, it is a component with platinum or palladium, barium monoxide, aluminium oxide, cerium oxide and silicon, and said components is stated from silica, the alundum (Al molecular sieve, is coated on the iron plate then, heating makes catalysis material can remove foul smell repeatedly when iron plate is switched on.JP05 in 84,441 (93,84,441), also relates to similar content, all is mainly used in the refrigerator deodoriser.Domestic similar patent has disclosed method among the CN1157188 (application number 96121320.5).Because all non-selected high-efficiency absorption material (bigger serface sorbing material) is a carrier in the above patent, the air cleaning and the regeneration that therefore are difficult to indoor large space are used.

The present invention has selected the nonpolar sorbing material of the Large ratio surface of present excellence---and NACF is a carrier, and the adaptability of its machine-shaping is strong, can satisfy the purification requirement rapidly and efficiently of indoor large space.After carbon fiber adsorption and catalytic combustion is saturated, utilize its certain electric conductivity thermal regeneration of directly switching on, other mode of heating of its thermal efficiency ratio is much higher.Also disclose the similar approach to the thermal regeneration that directly discharges with the useless granular activated carbon of crossing among the patent CN1039364, compared with other heating, the thermal efficiency also is doubled.

The present invention has adopted the mode that NACF is directly switched on and heated, and its tangible characteristics are to make NACF obtain good thermal uniformity in heating process.

Existing regenerative adsorption-desorption filter regeneration mode has the regeneration of decompression desorb, steam desorb and thermal desorption.The required equipment complexity of decompression desorb, the spy is the requirement for the indoor harmful gas low concentration in addition, and the vacuum of decompression requires very high, and therefore not seeing this technology can be used for indoor air purification.It is also unrealistic that the steam desorb is used for indoor air purification.It is to adopt the mode of the cell rotor continuous adsorption desorb of active carbon or NACF making that industrial waste gas mode commonly used is handled in thermal desorption, is generally used in the higher concentration organic exhaust gas and handles.Because in the cell rotor manufacturing process, add other inorganic binder and made it moulding, gain in strength, but sacrificed simultaneously the bigger serface that the rapid clearing house of gas needs, make and separate when being drawn to low concentration, conditions of streaking takes place in harmful gas concentration in time, does not therefore also promote in the indoor air purification field.

The adsoption catalysis filtrate that used NACF is made among the present invention, the ratio of its supported precious metal palladium and platinum are the 0.01-2.5% and the 0-0.8% of NACF weight.The co-catalyst of load is transition metal oxide or lanthanide rare metal oxide, it also can be their mixture, as: cupric oxide, zirconia, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, cerium oxide etc., its total ratio is the 0.08-5.0% of NACF vehicle weight.

Catalyst and co-catalyst at the mode of loading on the NACF are: will impregnated on the NACF after the nitrate of the transition metal of aforementioned proportion or lanthanide series metal or the dissolving of acylate water earlier; after 2-7 hour; under 180-300 ℃ of inert gas shielding; heated 2-6 hour, and made slaine be decomposed into corresponding oxide.Or after the slaine of load is converted into hydroxide, adds thermal decomposition more under these conditions and make.Be the aforementioned proportion PdCl of 1-7 then at PH ₂And PtCl ₄In dipping 2-6 hour, take out the back at 120 ℃ of dry 2-5 hours, and under 180-570 ℃ of inert gas shielding, made at last in roasting 2-10 hour.

Embodiment 1:

Restrain specific surfaces at 1200-1500m with 100 ²The NACF felt of/g dipping 300 grams are dissolved with the distilled water solution 3 hours of 1.5 gram copper nitrates and 1.5 gram manganese nitrates; then 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours; insert the heating furnace of nitrogen protection inherent 250 ℃ and heating 3 hours, take out cooling after, 0.3% the PdCl of dipping PH=4 ₂4 hours, through 120 dry 2 hours, roasting was 5 hours under 500 ℃ of nitrogen protections, promptly makes the hot regrown material of final adsoption catalysis.

Embodiment 2:

With 100 gram specific surfaces is 1200-1500m ²The NACF felt of/g dipping 300 grams are dissolved with the distilled water solution 3 hours of 0.5 gram Schweinfurt green, 0.5 gram acetic acid vanadium and 0.5 gram nickel acetate; then 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours; place again the heating furnace of nitrogen protection be heated to 300 ℃ 3 hours, take out cooling after, the 0.3%PdCl of dipping PH=4.5 ₂And 0.1%PtCl ₄Solution 4 hours, through 120 ℃ of dryings 2 hours, 500 ℃ of nitrogen protection roastings 5 hours made the hot regrown material of final adsoption catalysis.

The above-mentioned adsoption catalysis regrown material that makes after connecting 220-240 and lying prostrate 50 hz AC electricity, be heated to 60-230 ℃ 20-120 minute, the VOC pernicious gas of its surface absorption and the 85-95% of foul gas are removed, and make sorbing material be reproduced.

The citation form of the harmful gas filter of making of the above-mentioned adsoption catalysis material that makes has bypass type and folded plate type.The bypass type filter is the surface that the air flow that is cleaned in use is parallel to active carbon fiber fabrics or felt, and pernicious gas is adsorbed in the mode of chromatogram exchange in flow process, is characterized in that resistance is little.The folded plate type filter is by corrugated folding activities charcoal cloth or felt, make the air that is cleaned vertically pass active carbon fiber fabrics or felt, the increase of folding back area makes the face wind speed by certain air quantity in same cross section reduce, thereby has improved disposable purification efficiency.The common trait that this dual mode is implemented among the present invention is to separate with heat-resistant insulation material between layer that NACF folds mutually and layer, as: can select materials such as mica sheet, combined mica sheet, glass, potsherd, glass fibre, ceramic fibre for use.Leak electricity when preventing the regeneration heating thus, play heat-blocking action simultaneously.

If after selecting for use glass fibre or other inorfil with NACF two outer cylinder-packings, can make the filter of arbitrary form, and be unlikely to take place regeneration heating short circuit and flying dust phenomenon.

The filter that the present invention makes, can be in adsorption chamber VOC pernicious gas and stench saturated after, by heating that NACF is switched on, catalyst is activated, the above-mentioned pernicious gas that oxidation Decomposition is adsorbed, thereby make regneration of adsorbent material, filter is used repeatedly, has solved the problem of the filter material regeneration use of indoor harmful gas purification thus.

Claims

1. a renewable harmful gas filter is characterized in that with active carbon fiber fabrics or felt be sorbing material, and the regeneration behind its absorption pernicious gas is that directly energising is heated to 60-230 ℃ of regeneration.

2. the air cleaner of making according to the NACF of claim 1 record, it is characterized in that sorbing material is folding or stack when using active carbon fiber fabrics or felt between, or and other contact material between, must separate with heat-resistant insulation material, as: mica sheet, combined mica sheet, glass, glass fibre etc.In case leak electricity during thermal regeneration, play heat-blocking action simultaneously.Also can make the filter of arbitrary shape like this with glass fibre at two outer surface cylinder-packings.

3. activated carbon fiber material with adsoption catalysis oxidative function, but it is characterized in that load is at the catalyst and the co-catalyst of harmful VOC gas (volatile organic matter) and foul gas oxidation Decomposition on this NACF.The main component of catalyst is palladium and small amounts of platinum, and its load capacity on NACF is respectively the 0.01-2.5% and the 0-0.8% of NACF weight.Co-catalyst can be the oxide of transition metal or the oxide of lanthanide rare metal, such as: the mixtures of oxide more than two kinds such as manganese, copper, zirconium, vanadium, cerium, its load total amount is the 0.08-5% of NACF weight.

4. catalyst and the mode of loading of co-catalyst on NACF according to claim 3 record is: will impregnated on the NACF after the nitrate of the transition metal of the ratio of record in the claim 3 or lanthanide series metal or the dissolving of acylate water earlier; under 180-300 ℃ of inert gas shielding; heated 2-6 hour, and made slaine be decomposed into corresponding oxide.Or after the slaine of load is converted into hydroxide, add thermal decomposition more under these conditions.Be the aforementioned proportion PdCl of 1-7 then at PH ₂And PtCl ₄In dipping 2-6 hour, take out the back at 120 ℃ of dry 2-5 hours, and under 180-570 ℃ of inert gas shielding, made at last in roasting 2-10 hour.