CN1398536A - Application of triterpenoid saponin as feed additive - Google Patents

Application of triterpenoid saponin as feed additive Download PDF

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CN1398536A
CN1398536A CN02136798A CN02136798A CN1398536A CN 1398536 A CN1398536 A CN 1398536A CN 02136798 A CN02136798 A CN 02136798A CN 02136798 A CN02136798 A CN 02136798A CN 1398536 A CN1398536 A CN 1398536A
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triterpenoid saponin
feed
application
antibiotic
glc
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李永明
尤亚平
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Abstract

The present invention is the application of triterpenoid saponin as feed additive. Triterpenoid saponin is prepared through thrice alcohol extraction at normal temperature and the drying of the extracted liquid with the drying process being ether spray drying or vacuum drying. The present invention makes it possible to eliminate the residue of antiseptic in animal product, produce high-quality pollution-less animal product, and raise animal survival rate and feed utilization.

Description

Triterpenoid saponin is as the application of feed addictive
Technical field
The present invention relates to the purposes of triterpenoid saponin, relate in particular to the purposes of feed additive field.
Background technology
Along with modern animal husbandry to scale, intensivization development, a large amount of antibiotic (material that contains the tool anti-microbial effect in the synthetic source of microbial fermentation and chemical industry, down with) are used as feed addictive, are used to prevent and treat livestock and poultry, promote animal growth.At present, the antibiotic kind that the whole world is used for feed addictive has kind more than 60 approximately, and what China's approval was used has an appointment about 20 kinds.The application of antibiotic in feed for the scalar type of aquaculture increases fast, satisfied human demand to animal food and made a great contribution.The medium-term and long-term antibiotic that uses of feed, its negative interaction is also more and more outstanding: (1) drug resistance: the medium-term and long-term low dosage of feed adds antibiotic, not only can make animal bacteria produce drug resistance, and this drug resistance can pass to germ in the human body by drug-resistance factor (the R factor), causes the potential threat to human health; (2) use antibiotic to cause the immunity degradation of livestock and poultry body for a long time; (3) use antibiotic can cause autogenous infection or the suprainfection of livestock and poultry for a long time; (4) it is residual to use antibiotic to form in livestock products or environment for a long time, these residual antibiotic are accumulated in human body by food chain, cause human body to produce a large amount of antibody-resistant bacterium, lose resistance to some disease, also can cause allergic reaction, produce teratogenesis, carcinogenic, mutagenesis, human health is constituted a serious threat.Based on the understanding to the antibiotic negative interaction, the application of antibiotic in feed forbidden, limited in countries in the world in succession, and attach great importance to the development of antibiotic substitute.The antibiotic substitute of at present just researching and developing and promoting the use of has microorganism fodder preparation, compound sugar, Chinese herbal feed additive, natural bioactivity substance etc.Microorganism fodder is the effect instability in actual applications, is subjected to multiple factor affecting: animal species, animal physiological state, feed type and composition, feed processing technology, bacterial strain are formed and field planting ability, occupation mode and dosage, moisture, temperature, pH value, the interference of other feed addictive composition and the holding time of microbial inoculum etc.; The Chinese herbal feed additive addition is big, drug effect is slow, palatability is poor, have a strong impact on feed intake and digestibility, raw material are because of being subjected to the restriction in Various Seasonal, the place of production, and effective ingredient differs greatly, be difficult to carry out drug effect evaluation accurately and effective quality control, product stability is poor, and effect is unable to undergo repeated authentication and strict check, thereby fails large scale application aborning; Though compound sugar has overcome that the microorganism fodder preparation is preserved and in the defective of enteron aisle field planting, the greatest differences of gastrointestinal tract environment makes the theoretical model be difficult to obtain effectively expressing, embodiment in application in practice in vitro study condition and the body; The research and development of natural bioactivity substance are to be based upon on the basis of modern science analytical type method of thinking, from the pure natural target plant, extract target compound (effective component), and set up modern analyzing detecting methods such as gas liqud chromatography, effective component content in the monitoring product, guarantee the controllability and the stability of product, guaranteed product quality.The research of feeding natural bioactivity substance is all at the early-stage at home and abroad, but will be the developing direction of antibiotic substitute.Chinese patent 96105034.9 discloses a kind of method that the triterpenes saponin is used as feed addictive of extracting from tea oil cake.Certain company of Holland extracts volatile essential oil class composition from the plant wild marjoram, make feed addictive, and gets permission to sell in China with " Ropadiar " name of an article.The inventor has carried out years of researches to the feeding exploitation of natural bioactivity substance, discovery is as feed addictive, owing to will experience storage, transportation, secondary operations and (mix the production complete feed with other feed composition producing to using (animal ingestion enters body in), may experience granulation, high temperature adverse circumstances such as expanded in this link) all too many levels, time is long, therefore should not use volatile composition, as essential oil etc., because the non-controlled model loss of effective ingredient, can make the effective component in the product non-constant, the homogeneous of impact effect is expressed.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the new purposes of triterpenoid saponin, i.e. new application in feed addictive.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems.Triterpenoid saponin is as the application of feed addictive, general molecular formula I:
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems can also be further perfect.In the general formula: R 2=H, R 3=CHO or CH 2OH or CH 3, R 1Being the random length sugar chain, can be straight sugar chain or branch's sugar chain, and the sugar of forming sugar chain can be the derivative of arbitrary monose or sugar, as 2 '-O-acetyl group-α-L-arabopyranose base, 6-deoxidation-α-L-pyran-mannose glycosylation.
In the general formula: R 2=H or glc or-glc-glc; R 3Be CH 3R 1For H or-glcUA or-glcUA 3-ara or-glcUA 5-COOC 2H 5Or Or (glcUA is a glucuronic acid; Ara is the arabopyranose base; Xyl is an xylopyranosyl; Glc is a glucopyranosyl, CH 3Be methyl).
The triterpenoid saponin of general molecular formula I of the present invention, both can from the plant that contains this material, extract, also can be synthetic by chemical method, and be included as and improve some proterties (as the sense of taste, moisture absorption, stability etc.) and compound is carried out certain modification, but the impregnable existence form of the main biologically active of this compound (, belonging to current techique) in field of fine chemical.Extracting method is: take by weighing a certain amount of known vegetable material that contains the triterpenoid saponin of general formula I, with ethanol (60-95%, volume ratio) extract 3 times at normal temperatures, be drying to obtain triterpenoid saponin after extract is mixed, dry run can adopt spray-drying or vacuum drying.
The using method of the triterpenoid saponin of general molecular formula I of the present invention, similar with the feed addictive of other kinds, can directly this product be added in the feed; The forms such as premix, concentrate feed that also can be mixed and made into other feed addictives or feedstuff are used.The consumption of the triterpenoid saponin of general molecular formula I of the present invention according to feed gross weight meter, is 20～5000ppm, preferably 50～250ppm.
The triterpenoid saponin of general molecular formula I of the present invention is as the application of feed addictive, and application comprises ruminants such as ox, sheep, nonruminants such as pig, chicken, aquatic livestock such as plant-eating animal such as horse, rabbit and shrimp, crab.
The triterpenoid saponin of general molecular formula I of the present invention both can be the compound of general molecular formula I as the application of feed addictive, also can be the mixture of a plurality of compounds of general molecular formula I.
In order to understand essence of the present invention better, its new purposes in feed additive field is described below by test and result.
Take by weighing 4800 grams and contain general formula I (R wherein 2=H or glc or-glc-glc; R 3Be CH 3R 1For H or-glcUA or-glcUA 3-ara or-glcUA 5-COOC 2H 5Or Or-
Figure A0213679800054
) vegetable material, extract at normal temperatures 3 times with ethanol (95%, volume ratio), will extract mix the back and adopt spray-drying to obtain triterpenoid saponin 380 grams.Carry out animal experiment with the triterpenoid saponin that extracts, the result is as follows:
(1), improves the laying hen part energy of laying eggs.
Antibiotic test group (triterpenoid saponin)
Laying rate (%) 76.52 a79.51 b
Egg size (g) 63.81 63.75
Daily ingestion amount (g) 114.74 115.57
Feedstuff-egg ratio 2.35 a2.28 b
Annotate: the female different persons of colleague's shoulder marking-up represent significant difference (p＜0.05).
The result shows, the triterpenoid saponin of using general molecular formula I of the present invention substitutes the antibiotic in the feed fully, and laying rate of laying hen improves 3.91%, and feedstuff-egg ratio reduces by 2.98%.
(2), raising greatly enhances sow reproductive performance.
Antibiotic test group (triterpenoid saponin)
Body weight loss (kg) 5.32 when giving a birth wean a2.65 b
Breeding cycle (my god) 152.8 150.9
Number pigs weaned (head) 8.95 a9.56 b
Weaning pig weight (28d, kg) 7.19 a7.58 b
Annotate: the female different persons of colleague's shoulder marking-up represent significant difference (p＜0.05).
The result shows, the triterpenoid saponin of using general molecular formula I of the present invention substitutes the antibiotic in the feed fully, body weight loss when greatly enhancing Farrowing to wean reduces by 50.19%, breeding cycle shortens 1.9 days, number pigs weaned increases by 0.61, improve 6.82%, 28 age in days weaning pig weight and improve 5.42%.
(3), effect: improve the growth of meat chicken performance
Antibiotic test group (triterpenoid saponin)
Daily gain ADG (g/d) 41.16 a43.10 b
Daily ingestion amount ADFI (g/d) 91.79 91.37
Feedstuff-meat ratio F/G 2.23 a2.12 b
Annotate: the female different persons of colleague's shoulder marking-up represent significant difference (p＜0.05).
The result shows, the triterpenoid saponin of using general molecular formula I of the present invention substitutes the antibiotic in the feed fully, and the fryer daily gain improves 4.71%, and feedstuff-meat ratio reduces by 4.93%.
(4), improve pig growth performance
The piglet growth pig
Antibiotic test group (triterpenoid saponin) antibiotic test group (triterpenoid saponin)
Daily gain ADG (g/d) 300.5 a340 b630.12 a698.27 b
Daily ingestion amount ADFI (g/d) 540.9 544 1614.89 1660.00
Feedstuff-meat ratio F/G 1.80 a1.60 b2.56 a2.38 b
Annotate: the female different persons of colleague's shoulder marking-up represent significant difference (p＜0.05).
The result shows, the triterpenoid saponin of using general molecular formula I of the present invention substitutes the antibiotic in the feed fully, and the piglet daily gain improves 13.14%, and feedstuff-meat ratio reduces by 11.11%; The growth daily gain in pigs improves 10.82%, and feedstuff-meat ratio reduces by 7.03%.
(5), improve the livestock and poultry survival rate.
The piglet fryer
Laying hen
21-35d 36-70d 0-14d 15-42d
Antibiotic 94.03 a97.8 95.55 97.58 92.10 aTest group (triterpenoid saponin) 98.7 b100 97.35 98.86 94.76 b
Annotate: the female different persons of same column shoulder marking-up represent significant difference (p＜0.05).
The result shows, the triterpenoid saponin of using general molecular formula I of the present invention substitutes the antibiotic in the feed fully, piglet survival ratio improves 4.67% (21-35d) and 2.25% (36-70d) respectively, the fryer survival rate improves 1.88% (0-14d) and 1.31% (15-42d) respectively, and the laying hen survival rate improves 2.89%.
(6), to the influence (pig) of blood parameters
Antibiotic test group (triterpenoid saponin) T 3(ng/ml) 1.59 1.65T 4(ng/ml) 22.16 21.85 insulin (ng/ml) 10.84 a14.08 bGrowth hormone (ng/ml) 3.13 a4.15 bTotal protein (g/l) 63.57 a75.28 bAlbumin (g/l) 43.53 49.12 urea nitrogens (mg/dl) 11.02 a9.98 b
Annotate: the female different persons of colleague's shoulder marking-up represent significant difference (p＜0.05).
The result shows, the triterpenoid saponin of using general molecular formula I of the present invention substitutes the antibiotic in the feed fully, the blood insulin level improves 29.89%, level of growth hormone improves 32.59%, total protein content improves 18.42%, urea nitrogen content descends 9.44%, for the growth promoting function of general molecular formula I triterpenoid saponin of the present invention provides biochemical level foundation.
(7), to the influence (laying hen) of blood parameters
Antibiotic test group (triterpenoid saponin)
T 3(ng/ml) 1.43 1.35
T 4(ng/ml) 18.82 17.78
Interstitialcellstimulating hormone (ICSH) (ng/ml) 3.15 a3.54 b
Short ovarian follicle generates plain (ng/ml) 3.23 a3.61 b
Estradiol (ng/ml) 188.57 156.09
(μ/l) 0.182 for alkaline phosphatase a0.206 b
Uric acid (mg/dl) 5.84 a5.47 b
Annotate: the female different persons of colleague's shoulder marking-up represent significant difference (p＜0.05).
The result shows, the triterpenoid saponin of using general molecular formula I of the present invention substitutes the antibiotic in the feed fully, blood interstitialcellstimulating hormone (ICSH) level improves 12.38%, short ovarian follicle generates plain level and improves 11.76%, alkaline phosphatase activities improves 13.19%, and uric acid content descends 6.34%, for use general molecular formula I triterpenoid saponin of the present invention in the laying hen diet after, quality of egg improves, and laying rate provides biochemical level foundation.
1), can substitute in the feed the feeding antibacterials of using as additive fully the effect that the present invention is useful is:, fundamentally eliminate antibiotic residual in animal product, produce the non-harmful animal product of high-quality, and reduced diffusion, the transfer of drug-resistance factor in environment, ensure human health.2), use, do not use jointly, produce collaborative or additive effect but do not repel the feeding antibiotic class additive that allows to use with current law mainly as the antibiotic substitute.3), improve survival rate; Improve feed intake and food utilization efficiency; Improve weightening finish, increase muscle content, improve meat; Improve pelage quality; Improve the egg laying performance of poultry; Improve embryonic development; Improve the fertility (comprising male and female) of animal; The output of milk that improving suckles uses animal etc.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1: triterpenoid saponin is as the application of feed addictive, general molecular formula I:
Figure A0213679800091
Extracting method is: take by weighing a certain amount of known vegetable material that contains the triterpenoid saponin of general formula I, with ethanol (60-95%, volume ratio) extract 3 times at normal temperatures, be drying to obtain triterpenoid saponin after extract is mixed, dry run can adopt spray-drying or vacuum drying.
Take by weighing the known vegetable material that contains the triterpenoid saponin of general formula I of 4800 grams, wherein R 2=H; R 3Be CH 3R 1Be H.Extract at normal temperatures 3 times with ethanol (95%, volume ratio), extract is mixed the back adopt spray-drying to obtain triterpenoid saponin 380 grams.Carry out animal experiment with the triterpenoid saponin that extracts.
Embodiment 2: take by weighing a certain amount of known vegetable material that contains the triterpenoid saponin of general formula I, wherein R 2=glc; R 3Be CH 3R 1For-glcUA.
Embodiment 3: take by weighing a certain amount of known vegetable material that contains the triterpenoid saponin of general formula I, wherein R 2=
-glc-glc; R 3Be CH 3R1 is-glcUA 3-ara.
Embodiment 4: take by weighing a certain amount of known vegetable material that contains the triterpenoid saponin of general formula I, wherein R 2=H or glc; R 3Be CH 3R1 be H or-glcUA.
Embodiment 5: take by weighing a certain amount of known vegetable material that contains the triterpenoid saponin of general formula I, wherein R 2=H or glc or-glc-glc; R 3Be CH 3R1 be H or-glcUA or-glcUA 3-ara.
Embodiment 6: take by weighing a certain amount of known vegetable material that contains the triterpenoid saponin of general formula I, wherein R 2=H or glc or-glc-glc; R 3Be CH 3R1 is-glcUA or-glcUA 3-ara or-glcUA 5-COOC 2H 5
Embodiment 7: take by weighing a certain amount of known vegetable material that contains the triterpenoid saponin of general formula I, wherein R 2=glc or-glc-glc; R 3Be CH 3R1 be H or-glcUA or-glcUA 3-ara or-glcUA 5-COOC 2H 5

Claims (5)

1, triterpenoid saponin is as the application of feed addictive.
2, triterpenoid saponin according to claim 1 is characterized in that as the application of feed addictive: general molecular formula I:
Figure A0213679800021
3, triterpenoid saponin according to claim 2 is characterized in that as the application of feed addictive: R 2=H, R 3=CHO or CH 2OH or CH 3, R 1Being the random length sugar chain, can be straight sugar chain or branch's sugar chain, and the sugar of forming sugar chain can be the derivative of arbitrary monose or sugar.
4, triterpenoid saponin according to claim 2 is characterized in that as the application of feed addictive: R 2=H or glc or-glc-glc; R 3Be CH 3Rl be H or-glcUA or-glcUA 3-ara or-glcUA 5-COOC 2H 5Or Or
Figure A0213679800023
5, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described triterpenoid saponins as the application of feed addictive, it is characterized in that: addition is 20～5000ppm according to feed gross weight meter.
CN02136798A 2002-09-04 2002-09-04 Application of triterpenoid saponin as feed additive Pending CN1398536A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102488095A (en) * 2011-12-23 2012-06-13 南京正宽医药科技有限公司 Green feedstuff additive containing camellia seed triterpenoid saponin
CN102640845A (en) * 2012-05-17 2012-08-22 杭州市农业科学研究院 Preparation method of triterpenoid saponin glycoside feed additive

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102488095A (en) * 2011-12-23 2012-06-13 南京正宽医药科技有限公司 Green feedstuff additive containing camellia seed triterpenoid saponin
CN102488095B (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-02-27 重庆优宝生物技术有限公司 Green feedstuff additive containing camellia seed triterpenoid saponin
CN102640845A (en) * 2012-05-17 2012-08-22 杭州市农业科学研究院 Preparation method of triterpenoid saponin glycoside feed additive

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