CN1384602A - Adaptive RF digital pre-distortion linearization method and circuit - Google Patents
Adaptive RF digital pre-distortion linearization method and circuit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The adaptive RF digital pre-distortion linearizing circuit includes power amplifier, pre-distortion device, envelop detector, feedback passage and digital pre-distortion regulator. The pre-distortion regulator produces required pre-distortion signal based on the envelop signal and feedback signal, and the pre-distortion component is fed directly to the power amplifier to counteract the non-linear component produced in the power amplifier and to improve the linearity of the emitting channel. Using the RF pre-distortion circuit can obtain directly the multi-carrier envelop and realize delay regulation in digital domain. The present invention has good wide band multi-carrier characteristics and can be cascaded with feedforward to obtain ever high linearity.
Description
The present invention relates to the used power amplifier linearization technology of transmitting base station in the mobile communication, specifically is a kind of adaptive RF digital pre-distortion linearization method and circuit arrangement thereof.
Along with the development of global communication business, the spectrum communication resource becomes more and more crowded.In order to effectively utilize frequency spectrum resource more, many communication systems all adopt the higher modulation system of the availability of frequency spectrum, for example QPSK, 8PSK or the like.These modulation systems are not only modulated the phase place of carrier wave, the amplitude of also having modulated carrier wave simultaneously, so these modulation systems can produce the non-permanent envelope modulated signal of bigger peak-to-average ratio.And,, utilize signal combiner with the synthetic broadband signal of the sets of signals of a plurality of carrier waves if used multi-transceiver technology for the so permanent envelope modulation of GMSK, also can produce bigger envelope and rise and fall.Bigger peak-to-average ratio has proposed very high linear requirement to the amplifier of radio frequency sending set.This is because power amplifier has inevitable nonlinear characteristic under large-signal, can produce serious intermodulation component and spectrum leakage, brings mutual interference among signals, influences the quality of communication and the capacity of reduction communication system.
Solve the following two kinds of methods of the many employings of problem of the linearity at present: first method is that whole transmission channel is carried out back-off, makes transmission channel be operated in linear zone, and this method greatly reduces the operating efficiency of system, has increased the cost of base station equipment; Second method is to adopt linearization technique, promptly adopt suitable peripheral circuit, nonlinear characteristic to the passage of posting a letter is proofreaied and correct, thereby present linear amplification effect on the whole to input signal at circuit, this method has been avoided the very big device manufacturing technology of difficulty, adopts the relatively low device of cost, and is not only various informative, and the selection of device is also more flexible, is present optimal method.
Feedforward and predistortion are two kinds of linearization techniques the most effective.Feedforward (Feed-Forward) method has the high characteristics of linearity degree of improvement, but also has shortcoming such as complex structure.Pre-distortion technology has that volume is little, efficient is high and high reliability features.Because amplifier nonlinearity, multi-carrier signal can produce harmful intermodulation component IMD (Intermodulation Distortion) through behind the amplifier.In RF envelope self-adapted pre-distortion principle schematic shown in Figure 1, power amplifier 112 is to wait to improve linear amplifier, and it produces harmful intermodulation component 113 in amplifying signal.The operation principle of predistortion is as follows: going up branch road is primary path, and input signal 100 passes through coupler 106 respectively, gives power amplifier 112 behind delay line 108 and the vector attenuator (AF) 110.The vector attenuator both can change the amplitude of signal, can change the phase place of signal again.The effect of coupler 106 is that a part of power of coupling carries out envelope detection (ENV) 109, and gives working function generator (WFG) 119 generation predistortion multinomial penalty functions.Delay line 108 is the time delays for compensation work function generator 119.Vector attenuator 110 produces intermodulation component 111 in advance under the control of working function generator 119, intermodulation 113 opposite sign but equal magnitude of this intermodulation component 111 and power amplifier, the result of addition makes harmful intermodulation 113 of power amplifier by partial offset (as shown in Figure 1 114), reaches the purpose of improving power amplifier linearity.Because intermodulation 111 produced in advance, claim that therefore this linearization technique is predistortion (Pre-Distortion is called for short PD) before power amplifier 112.Certainly because various non-ideal factor disturbs, and the intermodulation of power amplifier can not be offset fully, the degree of improvement of predistortion is about 10dB usually.
A part of power process feedback path 118 of coupler 115 couplings and intermodulation demodulation 126 are sent into DSP module 122 and are improved effect information to obtain linearity, arrive working function generator 119 by algorithm output control parameter 124, so that obtain suitable control voltage VAac and Vfac.
This advantage in radio frequency band realization predistortion is: (one), ten minutes are suitable for handling the multi-carrier signal input.This advantage is based on the reason of two aspects, and the one, because the envelope of signal is directly to obtain by envelope detection at radio frequency, therefore need not add any time delay adjustment just can obtain real envelope signal.This is just cumbersome in Base-Band Processing, thinks in base band it is that I/Q quadratic sum by envelope obtains envelope information., therefore need adjust because the time delay between when modulation is different for different carrier waves each actual circuit.The 2nd owing to need not carry out mixing and filtering to carrier wave at radio frequency band, therefore the amplitude of whole radio-frequency channel and phase characteristic can accomplish than the emission medium-frequency passage very smooth, for the counteracting that obtains is laid a good foundation.(2), because intermodulation detection module 126 can be done with predistortion and is in the same place, therefore make the base station design modularization, simplified base station design.
But thisly realize that at radio frequency band also there is certain shortcoming in the predistortion scheme: one, working function WFG realizes with analog circuit, therefore is subjected to the device performance impact bigger, and the time delay matching ratio is difficulty.In working function generator shown in Figure 2 (WFG), 130 envelopes for the detection input, 132 is analog multiplier, and 134 is analog adder, and 136 is low pass filter, and 138 are the output amplifier.G1～G3, P1～P3 are respectively from the output of digital signal processor among Fig. 1 (DSP) 122.As shown in the figure for the output time delay that guarantees each road equates, and the time delay on each road all with Fig. 1 in time delay 108 couplings, debugging is more loaded down with trivial details.Two, when the amplitude modulation of system and phase modulation characteristic more complicated, predistortion is improved limited, can only reach about 10dB usually.
Base band predistortion is another kind of effectively linearization technique.Fig. 3 is the typical structure block diagram of adaptive digital pre-distortion system.As seen from Figure 3, the core of pre-distortion system mainly is made up of numeral and simulation two parts.Numerical portion 200 comprises: digital predistorter 203, envelope synthesis unit 201/202/205/206/207/209, error-detecting 220 and adaptive algorithm 224.Simulation part: modulation 212 and 218, sendaisle 214 and feedback path 216.Wherein, V
m(k) be input signal, V
d(k) be the signal after the process pre-distortion, V
f(k) be feedback signal, ε then is that the required error signal of adaptive algorithm (is annotated: the V of Chu Xianing herein
m(k), V
d(k), V
fWhat (k) refer to all is complex envelope).
Its course of work is as follows: input signal Vm (k) produces pre-distorted signals Vd (k) through digital predistorter 203, through digitaltoanalogconversion 208/210, sends into transmission channel 214 behind the quadrature modulator 212.Vd (k) and transmission channel power amplifier produce nonlinear component offset, thereby reach the purpose of improving the transmission channel linearity.In order to produce suitable nonlinear component Vd (k), need to obtain the envelope of each signal as 201,202.In order to guarantee that synthetic envelope 209 and the signal envelope of delivering to sendaisle 214 have modal similitude, each envelope signal need adjust 205～207 through suitable time-delay.Just can control predistorter 203 by envelope signal and produce pre-distorted signals.In order to eliminate the influence of factors such as temperature, device aging.Introduce the information Vf (k) of feedback path 216, quadrature demodulation 218 acquisition reflection linearity of transmission channel states.Detect 220 by error signal and obtain error deviation amount ε, adaptive algorithm 224 is adjusted 203 according to error deviation amount ε, and is little of meeting the demands up to error signal.
The advantage that realizes predistortion in base band is:
One, being implemented on the numeric field of predistortion finished, so the hardware configuration of predistortion part is simple, comparison diagram 2 as can be seen its than the superior part of radio frequency distortion.Two, owing to used lookup table mode, can more accurately produce and control pre-distorted signals Vd (k), increase sendaisle linearity improvement degree, can accomplish the improvement of 15～18dB usually.This also is than the superior part of radio frequency distortion.
Thisly realize that in base band the shortcoming of predistortion is: (one), under the multicarrier situation because different with the time delay of 210 quadrature modulation 212 to different carrier wave 208, therefore need adjust the time delay coupling (205 on i, j, k road, 206,207), cause system complexity to improve.And this situation does not exist in radio frequency distortion.(2), because base band predistortion relates to the baseband portion of the equipment of communication manufacturer, therefore in the embedding of predistortion, must interact, unavoidably cause some troubles.In for example present base band predistortion, because the device speed restriction, quadrature modulation needs to realize in analog domain under the multicarrier condition, so communication apparatus merchant's baseband portion just must be done corresponding modify.Cause base station of using base band predistortion and the base station compatible difficulty of using the RF linear power amplifier.(3), for the pre-distorted signals of base band being passed to the final power amplifier in the transmission channel, the bandwidth of the transmission channel of base band predistortion is normal three times.To the situation of broad band multicarrier, it is wideer that transmission channel will become.For example, will account for the 10MHz bandwidth at two carrier wave WCDMA signals, so transmission channel approximately needs 25MHz left and right sides bandwidth.The group delay characteristic of transmission channel filter as shown in Figure 4, as seen from Figure 4, the frequency bandwidth of passage
F2 is an available part in the passage
Therefore 3～5 times of f1 cause transmission channel very wide, thereby bring complicated and difficult that clutter suppresses.(4), base band predistortion and feedforward can't carry out cascade, the two repels each other, will limit the use of base band predistortion to a great extent like this, there is not this situation in radio frequency distortion by contrast.
In sum, two kinds of common scheme of above-mentioned radio frequency distortion and base band predistortion have the following disadvantages.The working function WFG of radio frequency distortion scheme adopts analog circuit to realize, therefore is subjected to the device performance impact bigger, and the time delay matching ratio is difficulty; When the amplitude modulation of system and phase modulation characteristic more complicated, predistortion is improved limited, can only reach about 10dB usually.
When the base band predistortion scheme is used for the multicarrier situation, realize limited by scheme the complexity height; Intervention to communication apparatus manufacturer is bigger, is unfavorable for modularized design; Base band predistortion can't carry out cascade with feedforward.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, a kind of adaptive RF digital pre-distortion linearization method and RF digital pre-distortion linearization circuit thereof are provided.
The adaptive RF digital pre-distortion linearization method that the present invention proposes comprises the steps:
A, broad band multicarrier input signal Vm (k) produce pre-distorted signals Vd (k) through the analog predistortion device 310 by 300 controls of digital pre-distortion adjusting device;
B, predistortion component Vd (k) directly send into power amplifier 312 and offset with the nonlinear component that power amplifier 312 produces;
Wherein, described analog predistortion device 310 produces pre-distorted signals Vd (k) and controls according to the error deviation amount ε between the digital feedback signal Vf (k) of envelope signal and reflection linearity of transmission channel, and its controlled step is as follows:
(1), with part input signal V
m(k) be coupled to the envelope signal that envelope detector 309 obtains input signal, be transformed to digital envelope and delay process through analog to digital converter 304 again;
(2), obtain the digital feedback signal Vf (k) of linearity of transmission channel by the feedback branch that constitutes by coupler 315, feedback path 316 and intermodulation demodulation 318;
(3), digital envelope and the digital feedback signal Vf (k) of error signal testing circuit 320 after with described time-delay handle, and produces the required error deviation amount ε of adaptive algorithm;
(4), adaptive algorithm module 324 adjusts analog predistortion device 310 according to described error deviation amount ε, ε is reduced to set point up to the error deviation amount.
Realize the adaptive RF digital pre-distortion linearization circuit of the inventive method, comprising: power amplifier 312, be connected in the predistorter 310 of power amplifier 312 inputs, obtain the envelope detector 309 of part input signals by coupler 306; Be connected to the feedback branch by coupler 315, feedback path 316 and intermodulation demodulation 318 series connection of power amplifier 312 outputs; It also comprises a digital pre-distortion adjusting device 300, the output of this device is connected in the control end of predistorter 310, an input is connected to the output of envelope detector 309, another input is connected to the output of intermodulation demodulation 318, regulates the pre-distorted signals V that predistorter 310 generations require according to the envelope signal of envelope detector 309 outputs and the feedback signal of reaction linearity of transmission channel
d(k).This predistortion component Vd (k) directly sends into power amplifier 312, offsets with the nonlinear component that the transmission channel power amplifier produces, thereby reaches the purpose of improving the transmission channel linearity.
The present invention's its advantage compared with the prior art is as follows:
The circuit of radio frequency distortion has still been adopted in the bag detection, so just can directly obtain the envelope of multicarrier and avoids adjusting in the base band predistortion trouble of time delay; Again because the numeric field that is adjusted at of time delay is realized very suitable broad band multicarrier situation.WFG circuit (Fig. 2) complicated in the radio frequency distortion is then substituted by digital circuit, and circuit is greatly simplified.Simultaneously, owing to adopted lookup table mode, so the precision of linear optimization can be higher.
Because predistortion is directly handled at radio frequency, has avoided the excessive intervention of base band predistortion to communication manufacturer, is convenient to modularized design.For example quadrature modulation can be still carried out and need not be changed analogue modulation system in base band among Fig. 3.
When requiring when higher, the amplifier that RF digital pre-distortion is formed still can carry out cascade with feedforward, to obtain the better linearity.
Description of drawings of the present invention is as follows:
Fig. 1 is traditional linearization of RF envelope self-adapted pre-distortion theory diagram;
Fig. 2 is working function generator (WFG) circuit structure diagram of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is traditional linearization of adaptive digital pre-distortion circuit typical structure block diagram;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of transmission channel group delay;
Fig. 5 is linearization of a RF digital pre-distortion schematic block circuit diagram of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 5, linearization of the predistortion circuit of the present invention's proposition is made up of numeral and simulation two parts.Numerical portion 300 comprises: analog to digital converter 304, time delay 305, analog to digital converter 319, error-detecting 320 and adaptive algorithm module 324.The simulation part branch comprises: coupler 306 and 315, envelope detector (309), predistorter 310, intermodulation demodulation 318, power amplifier 312 and feedback path 316.What be connected to power amplifier 312 outputs constitutes feedback branch by coupler 315, feedback path 316 and intermodulation demodulation 318 series connection.Wherein digital pre-distortion adjusting device 300 is made up of analog to digital converter 304, error signal testing circuit 320, adaptive algorithm module 324, time delay 305 and analog to digital converter 319; An input of error signal detection 320 connects time delay circuit 305 and analog to digital converter 304 successively, another input termination analog to digital converter 319, and its output error side-play amount ε handles back generation conditioning signal by adaptive algorithm 324.Illustrated V
m(k) be input signal, V
d(k) be the signal after the process pre-distortion, V
f(k) be feedback signal, ε then is the required error deviation amount of adaptive algorithm.The circuit working process is as follows:
Broad band multicarrier input signal Vm (k) input analog predistortion device 310 produces pre-distorted signals Vd (k) by digital pre-distortion adjusting device 300 control analog predistortion devices 310.Predistortion component Vd (k) is directly sent into power amplifier 312 to offset with the nonlinear component that power amplifier 312 produces.
Wherein, described analog predistortion device 310 produces pre-distorted signals Vd (k) and controls according to the error deviation amount ε between the digital feedback signal Vf (k) of envelope signal and reflection linearity of transmission channel, and its controlled step is as follows:
(1), with part input signal V
m(k) be coupled to the envelope signal that envelope detector 309 obtains input signal, be transformed to digital envelope and delay process through analog to digital converter 304 again;
(2), obtain the digital feedback signal Vf (k) of linearity of transmission channel by the feedback branch that constitutes by coupler 315, feedback path 316 and intermodulation demodulation 318;
(3), digital envelope and the digital feedback signal Vf (k) of error signal testing circuit 320 after with described time-delay handle, and produces the required error deviation amount ε of adaptive algorithm;
(4), adaptive algorithm module 324 adjusts analog predistortion device 310 according to described error deviation amount ε, ε is reduced to set point up to the error deviation amount.
The present invention adopts analog predistortion device 310 to produce pre-distorted signals Vd (k).Because the analog predistortion device is simple in structure, therefore the digital predistorter of Fig. 3 there is no complicated part relatively.Opposite owing to reduced among Fig. 3 complicated requirement to transmission channel.Predistortion component Vd (k) is directly sent into power amplifier 312, with the transmission channel power amplifier produce nonlinear component offset, thereby reach the purpose of improving the transmission channel linearity.
In order to produce suitable nonlinear component Vd (k), give the envelope signal of envelope detector 309 picked up signal by a part of signal of coupler 306 couplings, and this envelope signal has strict similitude with the envelope of sending into power amplifier 312, and it is very convenient at numeric field envelope to be carried out time delay 305.Like this with regard to the advantage of having inherited Fig. 1 and avoided among the time delay adjustment 108 of simulating among Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 adjusting relative time delay 205/206/207 inconvenience.
Owing to envelope signal has been become digital signal through behind the analog to digital converter 304, therefore can eliminate and use analogue device to realize the complexity of WFG function among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, inherited the high characteristics of Fig. 3 digitized processing simple and flexible precision.In order to eliminate the influence of factors such as temperature, device aging.Introduce Vf (k) information of feedback path 316, quadrature demodulation 318 acquisition reflection linearity of transmission channel states.Detect 320 by error signal and obtain error deviation amount ε, adjust 310 again according to adaptive algorithm module 324, little up to error deviation amount ε to meeting the demands.
310 schemes of still selecting radio frequency distortion for use of predistorter owing to directly finish at radio frequency, have therefore been saved analog quadrature modulation among Fig. 3 and to the complicated requirement of transmission channel 214, have been discharged the constraint on base station design to communication apparatus supplier.Because feedback path 316 closely is connected with the predistortion numerical portion, can directly accomplish on the circuit board simultaneously, therefore the flexibility of being convenient to the base station module design and keeping base station design.
Table (1) is four kinds of predistortion scheme performance comparison situations, as seen RF digital pre-distortion scheme of the present invention has characteristic preferably, it combines the advantage of radio frequency distortion and base band predistortion, has avoided both deficiencies, is a kind of very competitive predistortion scheme.
Table (1)
| Scheme | Cost | Complexity | The linear improvement | The broad band multicarrier characteristic | With the feedforward cascade | The base station design flexibility |
| Feed-forward amplifier | High | High | 25～30dB | Good | Good | |
| Radio frequency distortion | Low or in | Low or in | 10dB | Better | Can | Good |
| Base band predistortion | Low | Low | 15～18dB | Generally | Can not | Bad |
| RF digital pre-distortion | Low | Low | 15dB | Better | Can | Good |
Claims (3)
1, a kind of adaptive RF digital pre-distortion linearization method comprises the steps:
A, broad band multicarrier input signal Vm (k) produce pre-distorted signals Vd (k) through the analog predistortion device (310) by digital pre-distortion adjusting device (300) control;
B, predistortion component Vd (k) directly send into power amplifier (312) and offset with the nonlinear component that power amplifier (312) produces;
Wherein said analog predistortion device (310) produces pre-distorted signals Vd (k) and controls according to the error deviation amount ε between the digital feedback signal Vf (k) of envelope signal and reflection linearity of transmission channel, and its controlled step is as follows:
(1), with part input signal V
m(k) be coupled to the envelope signal that envelope detector (309) obtains input signal, pass through analog-digital converter (304) again and be transformed to digital envelope and delay process;
(2), obtain the digital feedback signal Vf (k) of linearity of transmission channel by the feedback branch that constitutes by coupler (315), feedback path (316) and intermodulation demodulation (318);
(3), digital envelope and the digital feedback signal Vf (k) of error signal testing circuit (320) after with described time-delay handle, and produces the required error deviation amount ε of adaptive algorithm;
(4), adaptive algorithm module (324) adjusts analog predistortion device (310) according to described error deviation amount ε, ε is reduced to set point up to the error deviation amount.
2, a kind of adaptive RF digital pre-distortion linearization circuit comprises: power amplifier (312), be connected in the predistorter (310) of power amplifier (312) input, and obtain the envelope detector (309) of part input signal by coupler (306); Be connected to the feedback branch by coupler (315), feedback path (316) and intermodulation demodulation (318) series connection of power amplifier (312) output;
It is characterized in that: also comprise a digital pre-distortion adjusting device (300), the output of this device is connected in the control end of predistorter (310), an input is connected to the output of envelope detector (309), another input is connected to the output of intermodulation demodulation (318), regulates the pre-distorted signals V that predistorter (310) generation requires according to the envelope signal of envelope detector (309) output and the feedback signal of reflection linearity of transmission channel
d(k).
3, according to the described adaptive RF digital pre-distortion linearization circuit of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described digital pre-distortion adjusting device (300) is made up of analog to digital converter (304), error signal testing circuit (320), adaptive algorithm module (324), time delay (305) and analog to digital converter (319); An input of error signal testing circuit (320) connects time delay circuit (305) and analog to digital converter (304) successively, another imports termination analog to digital converter (319), and its output error side-play amount ε handles by adaptive algorithm module (324) and produces conditioning signal.
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