CN1377729A - Purifying material capable of removing organic gas in air and its preparing method - Google Patents
Purifying material capable of removing organic gas in air and its preparing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1377729A CN1377729A CN 01105863 CN01105863A CN1377729A CN 1377729 A CN1377729 A CN 1377729A CN 01105863 CN01105863 CN 01105863 CN 01105863 A CN01105863 A CN 01105863A CN 1377729 A CN1377729 A CN 1377729A
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Abstract
The purifying material has a carrier of porous inert inorganic material and metal and metal oxide as active components attached to the surface of the carrier. During its preparation, inorganic salt or organic salt of active metal components are dissolved in water to compound soaking solution and the carrier is soaked and heated to make the salts into metal or metal oxide attached to the carrier. The said material ahs wide spectrum eliminating effect to formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, nitrogen, acetic acid, formic acid and other orgnaic pollutant in air.
Description
Along with technological progress and social development, because the air pollution that industry discharges, house decoration brought, problem has become international.In the air of office room, family room, often contain harmful organic pollutions such as surpassing the national formaldehyde that allows, acetone, benzene class, ammonia.Purifying air becomes the attraction of many environment-friendly products, and all kinds of environment-friendly air conditioners and air cleaning machine etc. arise at the historic moment.The conventional method of removing pernicious gas in the air is to open the door to window, and this method can't resolve the problem that constantly discharges noxious pollutant in the room.The method of the prior art of removing pernicious gas in the air has:
1. in air, add certain material, make it to decompose, the organic pollution in the absorbed air, for example negative ion type, ozone type air purifying process.The weakness of this method is, ozone or be exactly a kind of pollutant that is detrimental to health to ion itself, and country and whole world majority state are 0.1mg/m to the ozone concentration that allows in the air
3, adopt this method to purify air, to consider that constantly ozone concentration can not be too high, how still less important clean-up effect is.
2. adopt the method for physical absorption, filtration, make force air pass through some filtration of material, in the room in so as to airborne organic pollution being filtered out for example various screen packs, high efficiency particulate air (HEPA), active carbon, molecular sieve, algae soil etc.The effect of physical absorption and filtration, the adsorption capacity of the material that is adopted, the restriction of adsorption capacity.The filtering material that adopts generally just needed to handle or change once at 3-6 month.
3. the method that adopts static to absorb allows air by force by an electric field, with airborne organic pollutant removal.The removal effect of this method has considerable restraint.
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of purifying material capable of removing organic gas in air and its preparation method, can decompose multiple organic pollution, the synthetic scavenging material of the inventive method preparation (be called for short synthetic material) advantage is down together:
1. ability is strong: if filter air in the room by the method for ventilation, this synthetic material all has the good adsorption decomposition to organic pollutions such as airborne benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetate and ammonia.
2. long service life: if the common room after this material is used for fitting up (being loaded into air-conditioning or air cleaning machine), the capacity of decomposition of per kilogram, can use does not need more than 2 years to change or handle.
3. easily regeneration: this material in use for some time, the absorption capacity of decomposition can descend gradually.As long as in the sunny weather in summer, the filter of removing this material of ability drop or loading this material is placed on sieve 0.5-1 hour of drying in the air under the sunlight, recover original ability just substantially.
4. cost is lower: Japan goes out can decomposing formaldehyde two kinds of catalyst (being " Japanese " literary style of catalyst), a kind of trade name mainly is activated carbon, acidifying phthalein, ceramic fibre etc. LTG-M2 very much, is carrier with the electrostatic fibre pulp mat; One sentence titanium dioxide, platinum is primary raw material.It is much expensive that the cost of these materials is wanted, and the former cost that synthetic material of the present invention compares is much lower.
5. be easy to industrialization: synthetic scavenging material of the present invention, on 25 kilograms activation furnace, repeatedly produce.
The present invention is achieved like this: the present invention is the preparation principle according to loaded catalyst, and multiple slaine by dipping, is loaded to the surface of inert inorganic carrier; By high-temperature activation, slaine is decomposed into metal or metal oxide afterwards, is attached to the surface of carrier, the oxidized form that formation can the decomposing organic matter molecule and the activated centre of reduced form.In the active constituent of this synthetic scavenging material, comprise polytype metal or metal oxide simultaneously, form the various active center, by oxidation, reduction and suction-operated, there is the removal effect of wide spectrum in these activated centres to multiple harmful organic gas molecule in the air.A kind of scavenging material that can remove organic gas in the air, it be a kind of be carrier with the porous inert inorganic material, with metal and metal oxide is that active constituent is attached to carrier surface, form various polymetallic activated centres, it is characterized in that described carrier is to choose any one kind of them in molecular sieve, active carbon, aluminium oxide, kaolin, bentonite, the diatomite, the dimensions of carrier granular can be powder, sphere, column type or other abnormal shapes, and the size of carrier granular preferably adopts the sphere of diameter 1-5mm or the cylindrical particle of diameter 1-5mm.The metal of described active constituent can be chromium, zinc, manganese, copper, nickel, iron, cobalt transition metal, can also comprise silver, gold, platinum noble metals, can also comprise rare earth metals such as cerium, neodymium, lanthanum, the employing transition metal should be more than two kinds, be preferably in more than three kinds, it is a kind of to adopt noble metal to have at least, adopts rare earth to have at least a kind of; A kind of preparation method that can remove the scavenging material of organic gas in the air, described various active constituent metal, form with inorganic salts or organic salt is dissolved in the water, be made into certain density maceration extract, the aqueous solution of various slaines, can also may be mixed together separately and mix with a certain amount of carrier, stir, form wet carrier, heat-activated at a certain temperature then, make slaine be converted into metal and metal oxide, it is characterized in that: slaine can be at nitrate, carbonate, choose in acetate or the oxalates, volume ratio was when slaine and carrier mixed: the ratio of maceration extract cumulative volume and carrier cumulative volume is at 0.8-1.5, zinc, manganese, copper, nickel, iron, the cobalt transition metal salt is more than at least two kinds, the weight ratio of slaine and carrier is: every kind weight is 5-40% (accounting for the vehicle weight ratio, down together); Silver, gold, every kind of weight of platinum noble metals salt are measured good for 1-2% at 0.1-5%; Cerium, neodymium, every kind of weight 0.5-8% of lanthanum rare earth metal salt, it is best that the heat-activated temperature is preferably in 550--650 ℃ at 300--800 ℃ at 1-3%, and soak time was preferably in 4-5 hour at 3-8 hour.
The step that realizes preparation method of the present invention is:
1. carrier: the carrier of choosing weighs 100 parts, places;
2. active constituent: various active constituents weight as requested takes by weighing, and is dissolved in the deionized water respectively, fully, is made into maceration extract.The cumulative volume of various maceration extracts surpasses 1.1 times of carrier bulk;
3. maceration extract: with the maceration extract of various slaines carefully, slowly admixed together, stir, note: different maceration extracts have heat when mixing, gas takes place, and the stirring while mixing;
4. flood: the maceration extract that mixes is slowly poured in the carrier, and the limit bevelling stirs, and is prepared into wet carrier.Attention: understand heat release when maceration extract mixes with carrier, emit gas;
5. place: wet carrier is wanted cover lid, and 4-12 places hour, makes between the various slaines to be uniformly dispersed in carrier surface, can be adsorbed onto fully in the inside and outside hole of carrier;
6. activation: the carrier after the placement makes various slaines resolve into metal or metal oxide 300--800 ℃ of following heat-activated, can firm attachment in carrier surface, form various polymetallic activated centres.
Accompanying drawing is the checkout gear flow chart of the embodiment of the invention, and the present invention is further described by embodiment.
(1) embodiment 1: the preparation of synthetic material I
Take by weighing cylindrical active carbon I (Ф 1.53-5mm) 100g (volume is 171ml), as the carrier of this synthetic material, its specific surface is 800-1200m
2/ g, bulk density 0.6g/ml.
Take by weighing 15 parts of copper nitrates, 10 parts of nickel nitrates, 5 parts of chromic nitrates, 5 parts of manganese nitrates, 1 part of cerous nitrate, 1 part of neodymium nitrate, add deionized water respectively and dissolve fully, mix, stir; Add 3 parts of silver nitrates at last, stir, add water at last, stir, make maceration extract to 170ml.
Maceration extract is slowly poured in the absorbent charcoal carrier that weighs up, and the limit bevelling stirs; After maceration extract has fallen, continue to stir 30 minutes to 1 hour, make wet carrier.Cover lid was placed 8 hours.
Wet carrier after the placement is 600 ℃ of activation.What this patent adopted is the small-sized activator of stirring-type, temperature automatically controlled, and stir on limit heating, limit, continues to stir constant temperature 6 hours to 600 ℃; Stop heating, continue to stir, came out of the stove, get synthetic material product 1 by 120 o'clock.
(2) embodiment 2: the preparation of synthetic material II
Take by weighing cylindrical active carbon II (Ф 35-8mm) 100g (volume is 185ml), as the carrier of this synthetic material, its specific surface is 800-1000m
2/ g, bulk density 0.65g/ml.
Take by weighing 15 parts of copper nitrates, 10 parts of nickel nitrates, 5 parts of chromic nitrates, 5 parts of manganese nitrates, 1 part of cerous nitrate, 1 part of neodymium nitrate, add deionized water respectively and dissolve fully, mix, stir; Add 3 parts of silver nitrates at last, stir, join 180ml at last, stir, make maceration extract.
Maceration extract is slowly poured in the absorbent charcoal carrier that weighs up, and the limit bevelling stirs; After maceration extract has fallen, continue to stir 30 minutes to 1 hour, make wet carrier.Cover lid was placed 10 hours.
Wet carrier after the placement is 650 ℃ of activation.Can adopt the small-sized activator of stirring-type, temperature automatically controlled, stir on limit heating, limit, continues to stir constant temperature 7 hours to 650 ℃; Stop heating, continue to stir, came out of the stove, get synthetic material product I I by 120 o'clock.
(3) embodiment 3: synthetic material 1 is removed the effect of formaldehyde
Getting synthetic material 1 weight is 10.8 grams, is seated in the detector tube that volume is 10ml.Formaldehyde is got the aqueous solution 3-4 milliliter of 35%--37%, is loaded in the 10-20 milliliter scale test tube, and accurate recording adds the volume of formaldehyde; The speed that rises with per minute 0.5-0.8 with air pump is to the formalin bubbling, and the air stream that is blown into carries formaldehyde through holding this container of material during through formalin; Container feeds in the water with sebific duct, is placed with formaldehyde indicator (roseolic acid is red) in the water, is colourless when not having formaldehyde.Checkout gear is referring to accompanying drawing.
When the scavenging material PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) lost detergent power, the formaldehyde that sees through scavenging material entered in the water, generated red with indicator reaction.The amount of record residual formaldehyde solution.
Remaining formalin placed spends the night, volatilize fully totally, will be purified the amount of material processed formaldehyde up to formaldehyde wherein:
Remove the volume=total amount-surplus-volatile quantity (ml) of formaldehyde
Illustrate: the concentration of formalin is 37-40%, and in 37%, formalin proportion is by 1.1.
The removal ability of this scavenging material PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95): the repeated detection results averaged, 10-12 restrains scavenging material, and the formalin volume that can remove is the 1.7-2.0 milliliter, is equivalent to every gram scavenging material and can removes pure formaldehyde 70-80 milligram.
(4) embodiment 4: synthetic material 1 is removed the effect of benzene
The amount of loading this scavenging material 1 is the 10-12 gram, is seated in the detector tube that volume is 10ml.Benzene 4-6 milliliter is loaded in the 10-20 milliliter scale test tube, and accurate recording adds the total amount of benzene; The speed that rises with per minute 0.1-0.2 with air pump is to the benzene bubbling, and the air stream that is blown into carries benzene, through holding this container of material; Container feeds with sebific duct and detects in the liquid, detects liquid by anhydrous chloroform and aluminum trichloride (anhydrous) preparation, and is colourless, becomes dark colour when benzene is arranged.
The ability of this materials purification benzene is as shown in the formula calculating:
Illustrate: the proportion of benzene is by 0.88.
The repeated detection results averaged, 20-22 restrains scavenging material, and the volume that can purify benzene is the 2.0-2.2 milliliter, is equivalent to every gram scavenging material and can purifies benzene 80-100 milligram.
(5) embodiment 5: synthetic material 1 is removed the effect of ammonia
The amount of loading this scavenging material 1 is the 10-12 gram, is seated in the detector tube that volume is 10ml.28% ammonia spirit 2-3 Bo is loaded in the 10-20 milliliter scale test tube, and accurate recording adds the total amount of ammoniacal liquor; The speed that rises with per minute 0.1-0.2 with air pump is to the ammoniacal liquor bubbling, and the air stream that is blown into carries ammonia, through holding this container of material; Container feeds in the instructions phenolphthalein solution with sebific duct; This indicator solution is colourless, becomes dark colour when ammonia enters.
The ability of this materials purification ammonia is as shown in the formula calculating:
Illustrate: the proportion of ammonia is by 0.91.
The repeated detection results averaged, 10-12 restrains scavenging material, and volume that can purified ammonia is the 0.8-1.0 milliliter, and being equivalent to every gram scavenging material can purified ammonia 70-80 milligram.
(6) comparative example 1: carrier I (active carbon) removes the effect of formaldehyde
Get the cylindrical active carbon of carrier I--(Ф 1.5 3-5mm) the 6.4-6.5 gram of preparation synthetic material I, be seated in the detector tube that volume is 10ml.The aqueous solution 2-3 milliliter that formaldehyde is got 35%--37% is loaded in the 10-20 milliliter scale test tube, and accurate recording adds the volume of formaldehyde; The speed that air pump rises with per minute 0.5-0.8 is to the formalin bubbling, and the air stream that is blown into carries formaldehyde through holding the detector tube of absorbent charcoal carrier 1 during through formalin; Detector tube feeds in the water with sebific duct, is placed with formaldehyde indicator (roseolic acid is red) in the water, and is colourless, takes on a red color when formaldehyde enters.Checkout gear is referring to accompanying drawing.
When the absorbent charcoal carrier PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) lost detergent power, the formaldehyde that sees through scavenging material entered in the water, generated red with indicator reaction.The amount of record residual formaldehyde solution.
Remaining formalin placed spend the night, volatilize fully totally up to formaldehyde wherein, clear is to the amount of absorbent charcoal carrier I processing formaldehyde:
Remove the volume=total amount-surplus-volatile quantity (ml) of formaldehyde
Illustrate: the concentration of formalin is 37-40%, and in 37%, formalin proportion is by 1.1.
The removal ability of carrier active carbon I PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95): the repeated detection results averaged, 6.4 gram carriers, the formalin volume that can remove is 0.25 milliliter, is equivalent to every gram carrier I and can removes 42 milligrams in pure formaldehyde.
Reference example (3), the ability that synthetic material is removed formaldehyde is that every gram material can be removed formaldehyde 70-80 milligram, removal effect is promptly used life-span 1.7-2 times as carrier.
(7) comparative example 2: carrier I (active carbon) removes the effect of benzene
Get the cylindrical active carbon of carrier I--(Ф 1.5 3-5mm) 6.6 grams of preparation synthetic material I, be seated in the detector tube that volume is 10ml.Benzene 4-5 milliliter is loaded in the 30-50 milliliter scale test tube, and accurate recording adds the total amount of benzene; The speed that rises with per minute 0.1-0.2 with air pump is to the benzene bubbling, and the air stream that is blown into carries benzene, through holding the container of absorbent charcoal carrier; Container feeds with sebific duct and detects in the liquid, detects liquid by anhydrous chloroform and aluminum trichloride (anhydrous) preparation, and is colourless, becomes dark colour when benzene is arranged.
The ability that carrier I purifies benzene is as shown in the formula calculating:
Illustrate: the proportion of benzene is by 0.88.
Carrier I is to the removal ability of benzene: the repeated detection results averaged, and 6.4-6.5 restrains carrier, and the benzene volume that can remove is equivalent to every gram carrier I and can removes benzene less than 0.8 milligram less than 0.05 milliliter.
Reference example (4), the ability that synthetic material is removed benzene is that every gram synthetic material I can remove benzene 80-100 milligram.Removal effect to benzene is promptly used the life-span, and synthetic material I is more than 10-12 a times of carrier I.
(8) comparative example 3: carrier I (active carbon) removes the effect of ammonia
Get the cylindrical active carbon of carrier I---(Ф 1.5 3-5mm) 6.6 grams of preparation synthetic material I, be seated in the detector tube that volume is 10ml.28% ammonia spirit 2-3 milliliter is loaded in the 10-20 milliliter scale test tube, and accurate recording adds the total amount of ammoniacal liquor; The speed that rises with per minute 0.1-0.2 with air pump is to the ammoniacal liquor bubbling, and the air stream that is blown into carries ammonia, through holding the container of carrier I; Container feeds in the instructions phenolphthalein solution with sebific duct; This indicator solution is colourless, becomes dark colour when ammonia enters.
The ability of this carrier active carbon purified ammonia is as shown in the formula calculating:
Illustrate: the proportion of ammonia is by 0.91.
This carrier I is to the removal ability of ammonia: the repeated detection results averaged, and 6.4-6.5 restrains carrier, and the ammonia volume that can remove is equivalent to every gram carrier I and can removes 20 milligrams of ammonia less than 0.12 milliliter.
Reference example (5), the ability that synthetic material is removed ammonia is that every gram material can be removed the 70-80 milligram.Removal effect to ammonia is promptly used the life-span, and the 3.5-4 of synthetic material I doubly.
(9) embodiment 6: the removal effect of synthetic material II PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95), benzene and ammonia
Get synthetic material II, detect the effect of removing formaldehyde, detect the effect of removing benzene, detect the effect of removing ammonia according to method with embodiment 5 according to the method identical with embodiment 4 according to the method identical with embodiment 3.Obtaining the result is respectively: the synthetic material removal effect, every gram material can be removed 75-82 formaldehyde milligram, removes benzene 95-102 milligram, removes ammonia 65-75 milligram.
Above the results list such as table 1.
The physical property of table 1 synthetic material I and synthetic material II
| Project | Synthetic material I | Synthetic material II | Carrier I | Explanation |
| Size (mm) | ??Ф1.5?2-5 | ????Ф1.5?5-8 | ??Ф1.5?2-5 | Column type |
| Color | Dark grey | Light grey | Light grey | |
| Specific surface (m 2/g) | ??800--1200 | ????800--1200 | ??800-1200 | |
| Serviceability temperature () | ??0--35 | ????0--35 | ??0--35 | |
| Use humidity (%) | ??＜95 | ????＜95 | ??＜95 | |
| Decomposing formaldehyde (mg/g material) | ??70--80 | ????70--80 | ??42 | 100% removes |
| Remove benzene (mg/g material) | ??80--100 | ????80--100 | ??0.8 | 100% purifies |
| Remove ammonia (mg/g material) | ??70--80 | ????65--75 | ??20 | 100% purifies |
This scavenging material is removed the ability of formaldehyde, benzene and ammonia, is subjected to the influence of humiture very little.
(10) embodiment 7: the removal effect of synthetic material I regeneration back PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95)
Embodiment (3) is removed formaldehyde be placed under the sunlight (20--30 ℃) airing 1 hour down, load in the detector tube removal effect of mensuration PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) afterwards with the synthetic material I that crosses.
The result is that the removal ability of the synthetic material I PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) of airing is that every gram can be removed 65-70 formaldehyde milligram.The removal ability is still at more than 90% of fresh material.
The product that the present invention obtains owing to take abovementioned technology, decomposes fully various slaines, is uniformly dispersed, and the organic molecules such as PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95), benzene class, acetaldehyde, caproic acid, formic acid, ammonia have the removal effect of wide spectrum.
Claims (4)
1. the scavenging material that can remove organic gas in the air, it be a kind of be carrier with the porous inert inorganic material, with metal and metal oxide is that active constituent is attached to carrier surface, form various polymetallic activated centres, it is characterized in that described carrier is a molecular sieve, active carbon, aluminium oxide, kaolin, bentonite, choose any one kind of them in the diatomite, the dimensions of carrier granular can be a powder, spherical, column type or other abnormal shapes, the metal of described active constituent can be a chromium, zinc, manganese, copper, nickel, iron, the cobalt transition metal, can also comprise silver, gold, platinum noble metals, can also comprise cerium, neodymium, the lanthanum rare earth metal, the employing transition metal should be more than two kinds, be preferably in more than three kinds, it is a kind of to adopt noble metal to have at least, adopts rare earth to have at least a kind of.
2. a kind of scavenging material that can remove organic gas in the air according to claim 1, it is characterized in that carrier material preferably adopts molecular sieve, activated carbon and aluminium oxide, the size of carrier granular preferably adopts the sphere of diameter 1-5mm or the cylindrical particle of diameter 1-5mm.
3. a kind of preparation method that can remove the scavenging material of organic gas in the air as claimed in claim 1, described various active constituent metal, form with inorganic salts or organic salt is dissolved in the water, be made into certain density maceration extract, the aqueous solution of various slaines, can also may be mixed together separately and mix with a certain amount of carrier, stir, form wet carrier, heat-activated at a certain temperature then, make slaine be converted into metal and metal oxide, it is characterized in that: slaine can be at nitrate, carbonate, choose in acetate or the oxalates, volume ratio was when slaine and carrier mixed: the ratio of maceration extract cumulative volume and carrier cumulative volume is at 0.8-1.5, zinc, manganese, copper, nickel, iron, the cobalt transition metal salt is more than at least two kinds, the weight ratio of slaine and carrier is that every kind weight is 5-40% (accounting for the vehicle weight ratio, down together); Silver, gold, platinum noble metals salt is at least a, and every kind weight is 0.1-5%; Cerium, neodymium, lanthanum rare earth metal salt are at least a, and every kind of weight is 0.5-8% (account for vehicle weight than), and the heat-activated temperature is at 300--800 ℃, and soak time was at 3-8 hour.
4. the preparation method of scavenging material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described slaine maceration extract totally with the ratio of carrier cumulative volume at 1.0-1.1; Transition metal salt, every kind of weight the best is at 25-30%; Every kind of weight the best of precious metal salt is at 1-2%; Every kind of weight the best of rare earth metal salt is at 1-3%, and activation temperature is preferably in 550--650 ℃, and soak time is preferably in 4-5 hour.
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