CN1375075A - 透反式显示器 - Google Patents

透反式显示器 Download PDF

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CN1375075A
CN1375075A CN00800613A CN00800613A CN1375075A CN 1375075 A CN1375075 A CN 1375075A CN 00800613 A CN00800613 A CN 00800613A CN 00800613 A CN00800613 A CN 00800613A CN 1375075 A CN1375075 A CN 1375075A
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display device
convertible
layer
feature
mirror
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H·J·科尔内利森
M·欧维克尔克
P·A·杜伊尼
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
    • G02F1/133555—Transflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133626—Illuminating devices providing two modes of illumination, e.g. day-night
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
    • G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
    • G02F1/1524—Transition metal compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/157—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/44—Arrangements combining different electro-active layers, e.g. electrochromic, liquid crystal or electroluminescent layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/34—Metal hydrides materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/09—Function characteristic transflective
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/62—Switchable arrangements whereby the element being usually not switchable

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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
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Abstract

透反式显示器具有可在透明状态和似镜状态之间变换的透反器(10)。最好是金属氢化物光开关用作该透反器。

Description

透反式显示器
本发明涉及透反式(transflective)显示器。这种显示器在第一透明衬底和第二透明衬底之间包含电光材料，并在第二衬底的侧面带有照明装置。
这样的显示器，特别是液晶显示器，例如在手提电话、汽车使用等方面得到日趋广泛的应用。
透反式显示器通常包含一个透反器。透反器透光使用(称为“夜视方式”)时部分地透过来自在该显示器件后面的后照光的光；反光使用(称为“昼视方式”)时反射入射光。
在普通的透反器中，反光大约为65％的入射光，而只约35％的来自后照光的光由该透反器通过。这是以损失亮度为条件，除非选取更亮的光源，但这需要额外的能量并减少电池寿命。在“夜视方式”增加透光是以在“昼视方式”损失亮度和对比度为条件。
特别地，本发明的目的是找到解决上述问题的方案。为此，按本发明的透反式显示器的特征是，在照明装置和电光材料之间安排一个可变换镜，这个可变换镜在电光材料层的操纵下可在透明状态和反射光状态之间变换。
按本发明的透反式显示器的第一实施例的特征是，给镜配备包含能同氢形成氢化物的三价金属的可变换层，该可变换层通过氢交换在反射状态和透光状态之间可可逆地变换。
该可变换层最好也包含能形成氢化物的镁。已发现，用这样的层实现了至少75％、在某些情况下85％到90％的反光，而这些层可变换(在1到10秒内)到透过80％到90％的光的透明状态。如果必要，可变换层配备以催化活性层，该层包含至少钯、铂、钴和镍族中的一种金属。
按本发明的透反式显示器的第二实施例的特征是，可变换层与液体电解质、胶体电解质或固态电解质接触。例子是在水中1摩尔KOH，在对称可力丁(collidine)和氧化铈(CeO2)中1摩尔三氟乙酸。
一个特别有利的实施例使可变换镜和照明装置以耦合的方式变换(例如同时地)。
本发明的这些和其他方面从下文叙述的实施例中明显可见，并将参照它们阐述。
在附图中，
图1和图2表示在不同状态的按本发明的显示器；
图3表示可变换层的变型。
这些图是图解式的，没有划出标度；用相同的标号一般地标示相应的组成部分。
图1和图2为显示器的一部分的图解剖面图，该实施例中的液晶显示器包含液晶盒(cell)1，在此例中该液晶盒带有绞合向列液晶材料2，该绞合向列液晶材料出现在2个备有电极(未示出)的例如玻璃的透明衬底之间。该器件还包含其偏振方向例如互相垂直交叉的偏振器5、6。该器件也包含定向层(未示出)，它将液晶材料在衬底的内壁上定向，在此实施例中按盒具有90度扭曲角这样方式定向。在这种情况下，液晶材料具有正光学各向异性和正介电各向异性。由盒壁(未示出)或密封缘限制盒1。
例如ITO(铟锡氧化物)的透明电极(同样也未示出)在此实施例中互相交叉和限定在交叉区的像素，它们必须用驱动电压供电。在图1的实施例中，电极经图示的驱动线7、7’借助驱动电路12用驱动电压供电。图1的器件也包含经图示的驱动线8、8’由驱动电路12驱动的照明源。
按照本发明，可变换镜10出现在照明源11和液晶盒1之间。在其最简单的实施例中，镜10包含例如石英玻璃的透明衬底20、金属Y或Gd之一(在此例中为Gd)的可变换层21，它又镀以薄钯层22(约5nm)。在USP(美国专利)5,652,433中很详细地描述了这样的可变换层。如在该专利中所述的，层(GdH2)在制造后有似镜表面但并不透明。由显示器1通过的入射光23(图2)在镜10上被反射并被观察者24观察。当将层21暴露于氢时，它就变成透光层(GdH3)。来自照明源11的光束25现在通过镜10并到达观察者24。所说的通过靠氢的交换是可逆的。
原子氢可以各种方式加到层21，例如从气相或借助电化学生成。但是，最好是利用电可变换层。在此实施例中，当镜经驱动线9表现透明时照明源11经驱动线8同时接通。在镜经驱动线9、9’变成非透明的同时照明源11经驱动线8、8’关掉。
在图3上表示这样的电可变换镜10。它包括透明(玻璃)衬底20、Gd0.4Mg0.6Hx(0.8＜x＜2.4)的第一电极，用作具有厚度约200nm(在此实施例中)的变换层21。厚度约5nm(在此实施例中)的钯层22，固态电介质Ta2O5.nH2O的厚层26，厚度约350nm(在此实施例中)的透明HxWO3(0＜x＜0.5)的第二电极以及导电透明ITO层28。所有层都是透明的，而层21可在反射状态和透明状态之间变换。
图3中的许多层作用如下。层21和28连接到外部电流源(例如包括在驱动单元12内)。通过利用在第一电极21上的阴极直流电流，低氢含量的似镜的成分转换成透明高氢含量成分。第二电极27的HxWO3则同时转换成透明的WO3。镜10现在是透明的。当改变电流方向时，又达到第一状态。对于变换到透明状态的变换时间为1到10秒数量级。变换到反射状态占时间较长，但对于通常应用是足够快的。
对于图3镜的其他实施例的进一步描述和适于这个镜的材料(例如用铂，钴或镍而不是钯，一些适当的氢导体，用于可变换层的材料等)，参考专利申请PCT-WO 98/10329(PHN 15969)。
在带有如图3所示的镜的如图1、2所示的显示器中，可能达到80-90％的反射值。镜有至少40％的透光度，但这个可增加到80％到90％，特别是当忽略钯层时。
本发明当然不限于所示的实施例。如所述，各种其他材料有可能用于可变换镜，诸如液体电介质(例如，水中1摩尔KOH)、胶体电解质(例如，对称可力丁中1摩尔三氟乙酸)或固态电介质(例如，氧化铈(CeO2))。还有，不排除与带有电流源的变换机制完全不同的变换机制。此外，不按照氢交换机制的镜是可行的，例如可变换锡层。代替液晶效应，如电泳效应这样不同的电光效应可以用于显示器。
总之，本发明涉及透反型的显示器，其中透反器包含可在透光和反光状态之间变换的层。
本发明寓于各个新颖的特征和各个新颖的特征组合中。

Claims (8)

1.一种透反式显示器，它包含在第一透明衬底和第二透明衬底之间的电光材料，带有在第二衬底侧面的照明装置，特征是可变换镜安排在照明装置和电光材料之间，该镜可在电光材料操纵下在透明状态和反光状态之间变换。
2.如权利要求1中所述的透反式显示器，特征是可变换镜在透明状态透过至少40％的光。
3.如权利要求1中所述的透反式显示器，特征是可变换镜备有包含能同氢形成氢化物的三价金属的可变换层，以及该层可通过氢交换在反射状态和透明状态之间可逆地可变换的。
4.如权利要求3中所述的透反式显示器，特征是可变换层也包含镁。
5.如权利要求4中所述的透反式显示器，特征是可变换镜在透明状态透过至少65％的光。
6.如权利要求3中所述的透反式显示器，特征是可变换层备有包含至少钯、铂、钴和镍族中之一金属的催化活性层。
7.如权利要求1中所述的透反式显示器，特征是电光材料包括液晶态材料。
8.如权利要求1中所述的透反式显示器，特征是显示器件和照明装置包含用于将可变换层的转换同照明装置的转换相耦合的装置。
CN00800613A 1999-04-20 2000-04-12 透反式显示器 Pending CN1375075A (zh)

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US6437900B1 (en) 2002-08-20

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