CN1367856A - Environmentally compatible pole and piling - Google Patents
Environmentally compatible pole and piling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1367856A CN1367856A CN00811076A CN00811076A CN1367856A CN 1367856 A CN1367856 A CN 1367856A CN 00811076 A CN00811076 A CN 00811076A CN 00811076 A CN00811076 A CN 00811076A CN 1367856 A CN1367856 A CN 1367856A
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- braced structures
- core
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- support structure
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
- E01F15/02—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
- E01F15/04—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of longitudinal beams or rigid strips supported above ground at spaced points
- E01F15/0461—Supports, e.g. posts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/623—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
An elongated support structure (50, 193, 193a, 193b, 193c, 193d, 193e, 218) suitable for outdoor use as a utility pole, post, or piling and having a multiple layered, composite construction, and a method for manufacturing such an elongated support structure (50, 193, 193a, 193b, 193c, 193d, 193e, 218). The elongated support structure (50, 193, 193a, 193b, 193c, 193d, 193e, 218) includes a hollow core (68, 194, 194a, 194b, 204, 210) formed of a homogeneous mixture of a matrix resin and a fibrous strenghtening material. The core (68, 194, 194a, 194b, 204, 210) is surrounded by a reinforcing layer (72, 206, 212) of fiberglass and a binding resin. An expanded foam resin layer (74, 207, 209, 215, 217) is disposed on the exterior of the reinforcing layer (72, 206, 212). The interior of the core (68, 194, 194a, 194b, 204, 210) may be subdivided into smaller longitudinal compartments (199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205) by a structural divider (196, 196a, 196b). The support structure (50, 193, 193a, 193b, 193c, 193d, 193e, 218) may have different cross-sectional configurations, utility poles using the elongated support structure (50, 193, 193a, 193b, 193c, 193d, 193e, 218) include accessories and attachments, such as cross arms (56, 220), cross arm mounting brackets (58, 222), guy wire brackets (236), power line connection brackets (130, 344, 346), and end caps (60, 64, 66, 228, 240, 242, 360). Extremely long support structures (218) are assembled with coupling accessories (268, 278) from shorter support sections (230, 230a, 230b).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of braced structures of length, for example multiple function and piling, they are adapted at outdoor use and can support signal, transverse arm, railing, electric wire or other loads disposed thereon.The present invention also comprises the method for making this braced structures.
Background technology
As the long support structure as multiple function, piling, flagpole or support component under construction etc. is to be made by the trunk after removing bark and processing.Be used for pin that these purposes are used in particular for multiple function and generally all be through chemical treatment so that opposing insect, weathering or rotten erosion.The chemicals that wooden multiple function is handled comprises pentachlorophenol, chromium, copper, arsenic and creosote.Can resist erosion with the pillar that these chemicals were handled, but the heavy metal that leaches and harmful chemicals also can enter soil and water system, cause long-term environmental hazard.And the chemical treatment pillar must be handled as harmful rubbish.
When pin is used as multiple function, also needs to pay close attention to and to climb pillar to carry out operational maintenance and the emergent workman's who overhauls safety.Cause chemical burn may for the electrician who touches or climb pillar to the chemicals that multiple function is handled.The wound of such chemistry injury slowly and be not easy to heal.The zone of rotting also can appear in wooden pillar, and when climbing nail (climbing spike) and insert above-mentioned zone and come to the workman with holding power, this zone will be surrendered and be torn.Another danger of pin is that the climbing nail on workman's footwear may run into a burl, and festival-gathering is stone and stop and climb nail and effectively penetrate and holding in the palm the workman safely.Similar, when climb nail run into one too wide and can not fix the crack of climbing nail the time, the workman will lose support.The danger that so wooden pillar can cause a lot of landings or fall, the workman can or follow ground, shrub, constructional materials, machinery and near other people bump to damage by fragment, friction as a result.Such accident can cause death or nonvolatil deformity.
Wooden pillar also can conduct electricity comparatively speaking.Like this at wooden pillar be arranged between the electric wire on the wooden pillar and often need use isolator.
Wooden pillar is difficult to the required sufficient length of power line, because oversize wooden pillar is very heavy and be difficult to transportation and store.
The product that much is used for substituting wooden pillar is arranged.The glass fiber pillar of a lot of hollows can be used as multiple function.The glass fiber pillar is more in light weight, durable and can be to the adventurous material of environmental emission than wooden.Yet the glass fiber pillar is easy to break, and can not bear compression load as wooden pillar, bending easily under bending or compression load.When annex being fixed on such pillar, should notice that load distributes to avoid damaging pillar.The glass fiber pillar is harder relatively and more crisp, and smooth outer surface uses the conventional electrician who climbs nail just to be difficult to climb up like this.External surface at the fiber pillar must come the climbing for the workman by installation step.
Other replaces the pillar of wooden pillar to comprise metal and reinforced concrete structure.There is identical problem in such pillar with the glass fiber pillar on climbing property.And metal and steel concrete conduction, and be not suitable as the electric pole use.At last, the substitute of these wooden pillars is difficult for manufacturing long length, can not satisfy the requirement of high-voltage line.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of energy and reduce the long support structure in chemical contamination source in environment.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of long support structure that can not discharge dangerous substance in long-term installation and use.
General objects of the present invention provides a kind of outdoor use that is adapted at, and transportation, installs and braced structures that maintenance is economic.
Another object of the present invention is that such braced structures itself can not be a kind of dangerous garbage.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of outdoor carrying multiple function, and it can resist insect, weathering or the erosion of environment such as rot.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of than the lightweight long support structure of existing wooden pillar.
In addition, a further object of the present invention provides a kind of long support structure, and the ability of its opposing compression and bending load has improved.
A further object of the present invention provides the unrestricted long support structure of a kind of length.
A further object of the present invention is the obviously long braced structures of convenient transportation.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of nonconducting long support structure.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of erosion that can resist insect, weathering or rot etc., and its external surface pillar of being convenient to climb.
Other purpose of the present invention and advantage can embody in the following description, and are significantly according to describing part, or are learned by enforcement of the present invention.Objects and advantages of the present invention can realize by the combination of pointing out in the particularly additional claim of combination and obtain.
To achieve these goals, and according to the invention of embodiment and generalized description here, provide a kind of long support structure, it comprises the long core of being made by homogeneous composite material basically, also has at the bonding enhancement Layer of the external surface of core.The composite material of making core comprises the reinforcing material that matrix resin and trickle long particle constitute.The reinforcing material that has mixed resin is that length is the fiber in about 0.5-4.00 inch scope, such fibrous material can be removed basically wood chip, cocoanut shell, fortune windmillpalm sheath-fibre, hemp, sisal hemp or the bagasse of wetly, resin and juice.The resin that is mixed in reinforcement material can be the phenolic resins or the polymer resin of thermmohardening.
Long core can push out with the liquid composite and the reinforcing material of matrix resin.In a lot of examples, core can be a hollow, and the inner chamber at the center that is arranged on of extending has just been sealed in the inside of core between the core two ends like this.Inner chamber in core can be divided into longitudinally at interval with core all-in-one-piece structure dividing plate.The structure dividing plate can be taked a lot of and complicated structure.
The enhancement Layer that is bonded on the core outer surface comprises binder resin and the reinforcing fibre of imbedding binder resin.Reinforcing fibre can be fibre glass roving, glass fabric or glass fiber face felt.Binder resin can be identical with matrix resin or has any different with it.Also can suitably add ultraviolet screener, pest repellant and colorant if necessary.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the climbing aid that above-mentioned long support structure also is included in the enhancement Layer outside holds workman's climbing nail.By way of example rather than the mode that limits, such climbing aid can be to be bonded in the climbing layer that the enhancement Layer external surface is made by the expanded foam resin.The density of climbing layer and intensity all will be large enough to support the workman's who has equipment climbing nail.The climbing layer is to be made by resins such as polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and synthetic rubber.
Above-mentioned braced structures can also be used for vertically or flatly install carrying signal, transverse arm, railing, electric wire or other load that is connected on the braced structures.
According to prompting of the present invention, extremely Chang prolongation braced structures can be to use first and second posts joint of the weak point that is configured to as mentioned above to combine, and above-mentioned post joint aligns continuous at the jointing place from beginning to end.The end face of each post joint all is formed with a link slot at the jointing place.
According to another aspect of the present invention, can fix the device of above-mentioned first and second posts joint in addition.By example rather than qualification, such fastening devices comprises the connecting pin with first and second ends.Connecting pin passes jointing, and its first end is connected with first post joint end face, and second end is connected with second post joint end face link slot.
A jointing fixed head has a through hole that is located at the center.The relative two sides of fixed head matches with the corresponding end-faces of first and second posts joint and contacts, and the mid portion of connecting pin passes the central through hole of fixed head.Connecting the contact place, the edge of fixed head is from the outside outward radial projection of first and second posts joint, supported with this and used backguy to fix the member of composite construction.
The present invention also comprises the method for making above-mentioned long support structure.The uniform homogeneous blend that is made of basically matrix resin and the reinforcing material that is mixed with the slender particles of matrix resin is extruded the core that forms length.By binder resin with imbed the outside that wherein the made enhancement Layer of reinforcing fibre is arranged on core.Make the enhancement Layer sclerosis by heating, heat provides from the outside or is produced by catalyzer.
The expanded foam layer can be formed in part or all external surface of enhancement Layer.In order so to do, imported resin and blowing agent in the foam expansion case in the past.A long structure member can longitudinally forward and pass the foam expansion case, causes the external surface adhesion one deck expanded foam at structure member.
Description of drawings
In order to obtain the needed advantage and the purpose of foregoing invention, the introduction more detailed to the invention of top Short Description illustrates embodiment with reference to following accompanying drawing.It will be appreciated that accompanying drawing has just shown a kind of typical embodiment, and should not be understood that it is qualification to scope, invention will be represented clear the description and explanation by following accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the phantom drawing that has the outdoor environment of the pillar of function of the present invention and railing;
Fig. 2 is the phantom drawing of multiple function embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the decomposition diagram of the multiple function top each several part among Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 be among Fig. 2 vertical support structure along the phantom drawing of the endothecium structure of line 4-4 direction;
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the line 5-5 direction of transverse arm in Fig. 3 of multiple function among Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 is the transverse arm of the multiple function shown in the shop drawings 2 and the method schematic diagram of vertical support structure;
Fig. 7 is the sectional view of second embodiment of braced structures of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the sectional view of the 3rd embodiment of braced structures of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the sectional view of the 4th embodiment of braced structures of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the sectional view of the 5th embodiment of braced structures of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the sectional view of the 6th embodiment of braced structures of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the sectional view of the 7th embodiment of braced structures of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the phantom drawing that embodiment is supported in multi-functional transmission of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the enlarged perspective of backguy connecting elements on the jointing between the adjacent both ends of composition post joint of the vertical support structure in the multi-functional transmission bracing or strutting arrangement in Figure 13;
Figure 15 is the decomposition diagram of backguy connecting elements among Figure 13;
Figure 16 is the decomposition diagram of jointing among Figure 15;
Figure 17 is the jointing of the assembling among Figure 14 and the backguy connecting elements cross sectional elevation along the 17-17 line;
Figure 18 is the decomposition diagram of the top each several part of the vertical support structure that supports of the multi-functional transmission among Figure 13;
Figure 19 is the enlarged perspective that electric wire is fixed on the member on the horizontal stripe that multi-functional transmission is supported among Figure 13; And
Figure 20 is the phantom drawing of the embodiment of the end cap of the vertical support structure of multi-functional transmission support among Figure 13, and the shape structure of end cap is fit to bird and nests in the above.
Specific implementation
Fig. 1 is to use the outdoor environment of pillar of the present invention and railing.The possible application of the present invention comprises electric pole 10, phone mast 12, lamppost 14 and traffic lamppost 16.The present invention can also be used for guardrail pillar 18 or 20, railing 22 or 24, marker post 26, mast bar 28, multiple function transverse arm 30 and mast transverse arm 32.The present invention can also be used to support harbour or bridge stake 34, support the supporting leg 36 of bench or be used for the building structure parts 38 of building structure.
The vertical support 50 that can carry the multiple function of telephone wire or electric wire of the present invention is installed on the ground 52, as shown in Figure 2.Electric wire 54 is connected on the transverse arm 56, and transverse arm is arranged on the installation bracket 58, and therefore is connected on the vertical support 50.Though what represent is an independent transverse arm 56, also can on vertical support 56, connect a plurality of transverse arms 56 if necessary in Fig. 2.Cut open shown in the part as vertical support 50, vertical support 50 is hollow structures, has sealed longitudinal extension inner chamber 70.
An end cap 60 covers the upper end 62 of vertical support 50, and end cap 64 covers the end of transverse arm 56.A flat end cap 66 covers the lower end of vertical support 50, stops the moisture on ground 52 to enter in the vertical support 50.
What Fig. 3 represented is the decomposition diagram of each several part in the border circular areas 3-3 of vertical support 50 in Fig. 2.The exterior of inner chamber 70 and vertical support 50.End cap 60 comprises a rounded outer surface 94, an abutment surface 92 and an outstanding connection leg 84.Connection leg 84 inserts in the inner chamber 70, and fixing by nut 91 and through bolt 86, and through bolt is passed in through hole 88 and the through hole on connection leg 84 90 on the vertical support 50.In order to substitute through bolt 86 or to use with it, also can end cap 60 be fixed on the vertical support 50 with adhesive.Also can be fixed on the vertical support 50, to save connection leg 84 by the abutment surface 92 of adhesive with end cap 60.End cap 60 can adopt and core 68 identical materials, perhaps adopts other material, comprises resin, plastics and resin composite materials.
Installation bracket 58 comprises that first installs the day care frame 96 and the second installation day care frame 98, they are clamped in by nut 106 and through bolt 100 around the vertical support 50, and through bolt passes first hole 102, the hole 103 on the vertical support 50 and second hole 104 of installing on the day care frame 98 of installing on the day care frame 96.The inner surface 108 and 109 of day care frame 96 and 98 is installed is made corresponding crooked shape according to the external surface of vertical support 50.Just do not had climbing layer 74 on the vertical support 50 of top terminal point more than 105 of climbing layer 74, inner surface 108 and 109 directly is attached on the enhancement Layer 72 like this.
End cap 64 is connected to the end of transverse arm 56 by adhesive, and perhaps end cap 64 is pressed into wherein.Electric wire 54 can be fixed on the transverse arm 56 by different component.An example is that anchor clamps 130 are fixed on the transverse arm 56 by bolt 132.According to the present invention, transverse arm 56 is made by non-conducting material.Like this, just need not use isolator in being connected of electric wire and transverse arm.
The expression of the internal construction of vertical support 50 in Fig. 4.Can see that vertical support 50 is layer structures.At the center of vertical support 50 are cores 68 of hollow, have sealed longitudinal extension inner chamber 70.Core 68 is made by homogeneous compound mixture (homegeneous composite mixture) basically, and this basically the compound mixture of homogeneous form by fiber reinforced material and suitable matrix resin, to describing in detail after this.Be bonded in core 68 the outside be enhancement Layer 72, enhancement Layer is to be made by the fiber of imbedding in the binder resin.Enhancement Layer 72 generally ends at and each core 68 terminal identical axial terminal surfaces.
In the outside of enhancement Layer 72 are climbing layers 74 of being made by the expanded foam resin material.Climbing layer 74 has an external surface 82.As shown in Figure 2, workman 76 by use of seat belts 80 and the climbing nail 78 that is connected on workman's 76 boots climb vertical support 50.As shown in Figure 4, climbing layer 74 is to make by admitting climbing nail 78 also to support workman 76 and his material of entrained equipment thus, when workman 76 climbs on vertical support 50 or stop in the above, in the climbing nail 78 insertion climbing layers 74.The material of making climbing layer 74 is such, in case after climbing nail 78 leaves, can heal in perforation that it causes and crack.Workman 76 safety belt 80 helps support workman 76 around the external surface 82 of climbing layer 74.Like this, external surface 82 should be coarse, stops the landing of safety belt.
The core of combining with enhancement Layer 72 68 provides structural strength to vertical support 50.The vertical support that has above-mentioned double-layer structure so just can satisfy all functions requirement of carrying.But according to the material behavior of enhancement Layer 72, this braced structures has hard external surface usually and prevents that the inoperative personnel from easily climbing.
Like this, in the time of the braced structures that can climb when needs, according to an aspect of the present invention, the climbing accessory that long braced structures is included in enhancement Layer 72 external surfaces bears climbs nail.Shown in the embodiment of Fig. 4, the structure with climbing miscellaneous function according to the present invention is above-mentioned the sort of climbing layer 74.Perhaps permission is not too attractive in appearance, is provided with the function that step also can realize climbing accessory in the outside of the braced structures that only has core 68 and enhancement Layer 72.
In the braced structures that may need not workman's climbing, can omit climbing layer 74.For example such situation can be multiple function transverse arm, beacon or guardrail.
Fig. 5 represents is the cross section of the transverse arm 56 that cuts of the line 5-5 in Fig. 3.Transverse arm 56 comprises a core 134 with longitudinal extension inner chamber 136.An enhancement Layer 138 is bonded in the outside of core 134.Core 134 can be made by the sort of material identical with the compound mixture of fiber reinforced material that uses in the core 68 of vertical support 50 and matrix resin.To be described in employed special material in core 134 and the enhancement Layer 138 below.Shown transverse arm 56 has a foursquare outer cross section, have projection 118,120,126 and 128 and the corresponding groove on installation bracket 58 cooperate, installation bracket is used for a transverse arm 56 and is connected on the vertical support 50.Transverse arm 50 also can have rectangle or circular cross section.
The core 68 of vertical support 50 and the core 134 of transverse arm 56 are made by the compound mixture of the homogeneous basically of fiber reinforced material and matrix resin.Fiber reinforced material is made by the fiber of the trickle length in about 0.5-4.0 inchage scope.Fiber in about 0.75-2.0 inchage scope is more suitable.Too short fiber can't provide core needed intensity, the oversize mixing apparatus that is not easy by using in the manufacture process.Can use various natural and artificial fibrous materials, include but are not limited to for example Kevlar of short glass fiber, polymer fiber
TM, carbon fiber, wood fiber, cocoanut shell, sisal hemp, bagasse, trees fiber, fortune windmillpalm sheath-fibre, hemp and rice hulls.
The wood fiber that uses in compound mixture can obtain by the trees of green or fresh cut being chopped into bits or digging to fragmentate.If trees are fragmentated by plane, fragment is chopped into fibrous.Trunk can be any suitable evergreen tree or deciduous tree.Also can adopt fast growing tree, for example minute hand pine tree or wet-land pine tree guarantee the continuous material source of material.Also can use from the chips of sawmill's output or wood chip or unwanted particles.Can select any timber for use, need only it and supply conveniently, can be reduced into wood chip, and can remove all moisture, resin and juice.
The example of an appropriate resin of using as matrix resin in compound mixture is BordenChemical, and the trade name that Inc produces is the resin of DURITE SC-830A.DURITE SC-830A resin is can be with the phenolic resins of liquid state or graininess supply.The example of other resin or usable polymers is polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polypropylene and other copolymers.The characteristic of hardened material form is depended in the concrete resin or the selection of polymer, because these characteristics can influence the long-term performance and the durability of the long support structure in environment for use.
Even under the natural enemy of extreme weather condition and wood products, insect, mouldy and wild animal condition, prolongation braced structures of the present invention also can be used 20 to 40 years even longer.Hardening resin in long support structure of the present invention will be below braced structures should satisfy in the life-span needed minimum strength:
Flexural strength: 36500psi
Bending modulus: 1750000psi
Compressive strength: 29000psi
Tensile strength: 23000psi
Be more preferably, resin can satisfy following intensity:
Flexural strength: 73000psi
Bending modulus: 3500000psi
Compressive strength: 58000psi
Tensile strength: 46000psi
Along with the appearance with high-intensity new type resin, these new resources also can be used in the manufacture process of these structure members of the present invention undoubtedly.
Satisfied is fibrous material and liquid resinous mixture be fibrous material account for volume 70%, liquid resin accounts for 30% of volume.The fibrous material of 65-75% can both be accepted.This ratio also can change to some scope, for example, can hang down fibrous material content and account for 50%, liquid resin accounts for 50%, perhaps highly account for 85% to fibrous material content, liquid resin accounts for 15%, can satisfy in the desirable scope of working under specified conditions for many years as long as the intensity of ultimogenitary vertical support product is in.The percentage of employed fibrous material must be selected to the balance pillar for characteristics such as flexible, the compressive strength of the application of estimating and tensile strength, and satisfies needed application on composite material cost and availability.These percentages mainly refer to two key components, but can not omit additive for example ultraviolet screener, pest repellant, fire retardant and the colorant that may need to add to the percentage of relatively small amount in the mixture.
Fig. 6 represents is to make the vertical support 50 shown in Fig. 2-5 or the method for transverse arm 56.The fibrous material of Shi Yonging is arranged on dry workshop section 140 in this embodiment, here moisture, colloid, resin and juice have been distilled operation and have separated, and distillation process comprises that the heating wood fiber makes moisture and other liquid become the gaseous material that can separate from fragment.Basically, all moisture and other liquid all are removed.Here, allly all be defined as basically greater than 98%.Heated colloid, resin and the myron that comes from fibrous material is collected device 142 and collects, comprise a vacuum removal device (vacaum removal arrangement) or other separator (separator equipment) in the gatherer, the operation that removes of above-mentioned material can be accelerated and be finished more up hill and dale to this device.This is to finish under the temperature of about 250 to 280 scopes.The mixture of isolated gaseous state and fluent material is used as gatherer 142 collections of a distillation process part from fibrous material, and the material of any gaseous state is all become liquid state.In some countries, the environmental protection plan may require distillation to be collected rather than to be discharged in the environment.No matter whether requirement, collect distillation and be used for other purposes and not only can protect environment also can bring economic interests.Behind drying process, that fibrous material becomes is in light weight, porous, very dry, can in next operation, absorb resin.
The fibrous material of being pulverized and being dried is transported in the feed appliance 144 from dry workshop section 140, preferably still keeps or the approaching temperature that is reached at the drying process end, and feed appliance imports fibrous material in the blending bin 146.
Particulate resins is heated in dry heat container 148 and can makes resin particle be melted into liquid temperature.The temperature of melting phenolic resins is about 220 °F.If adopted liquid resin, just should discharge water less or the quantity of other thinners as far as possible.Otherwise water in liquid resin or thinner will be trapped within the compound mixture in the kind of hardening, and produce hole.In order to reduce the formation of such hole, available independent preheating procedure is removed water or the thinner in the liquid resin.Government regulation may forbid that some thinners are discharged in the atmosphere.If such thinner exists in the liquid resin, they must be retained down so that be evaporated post processing.This may bring undesirable cost.Liquid resin is imported in the feed appliance 150, and feed appliance is delivered to liquid resin in the blending bin 146 according to predetermined speed, and the fibrous material of sending from feed appliance 144 also is sent in the blending bin simultaneously.
The temperature of the resin in blending bin 146 is raised and reaches or near making it be in the temperature of viscous state, but also is lower than the temperature that its can own sclerosis or is hardened by the hardener that is added.For example phenolic resins is between 280 to 325 °F in the temperature of this state.
Fibrous material keeps in touch with heated liquid resin in blending bin 146, up to the fragment of fibrous material fully by resin impregnated.Can finish this process by fibrous material and liquid resin being mixed up to forming basically uniform homogeneous blend.Needed saturation ratio can be impelled acquisition by the absorbent properties of the fibrous material that combines with strong stirring and hybrid motion.In fact saturation ratio has eliminated little air hole or other gaseous material, and they can should produce the hole for solid-state, imperforate core place.Generally do not need just can obtain saturation ratio and homogenieity completely with pressure.In blending bin 146 mixed processes, other composition for example ultraviolet screener, pest repellant, fire retardant and colorant can be added in the mixture.
The saturated fibrous material and the uniform homogeneous blend of resin add heat extruder resin box extruder resin chamber by advancing feeder 153 to be transported to from blending bin 146) 152.Just before injection was about to enter extruding cabinet 154, uniform homogeneous blend was superheated to the hardening of resin temperature that is approximately 350-375.Suitable hardening temperature scope depends on employed specific resin, so this hardening temperature scope may be with regard to Tai Gao or too low for other resin.
Uniform homogeneous blend is extruded under the effect of pressure by feed throat (feedthroat) 156 and enters in the extrusion die tube (heated extruding die barrel) 158 of heating then.In order to make 45 feet common long multiple functions, for example extrusion die tube (extrudingdie barrel) 158 internal diameters can be 10.0 inches.By external diameter is that 7.0 inches heated mandrel (mandrel) 160 uniform homogeneous blends are extruded, and axle can be extended about 40 feet and be entered in the extrusion die tube 158.Extruding core 162 becomes the tubular part of 10 inches of external diameters, 7 inches of internal diameters, 1.5 inches of radial thickness.Certainly, the diameter of internal diameter that also can be by adopting required extrusion die tube 158 and axle 160 obtains the size and the wall thickness of other cross sectional shape.The extruding core 162 of 10 inches of external diameters, 7 inches of internal diameters can be used as the desirable core of 45 feet long multiple functions, also is used as the typical sizes of this purposes here with it.Extruding core 162 among Fig. 6 becomes the core 68 among Fig. 4.
In order to form the extruding core 162 of the core 134 that can be suitable for use as transverse arm 56, can adopt less mould tube 158 and axle 160.The example of the suitable dimensions of mould tube 158 is 4.0 inches and takes advantage of 4.0 inches that the corresponding size of axle 160 is 2.0 inches and takes advantage of 2.0 inches.
By preferably about 1.5 to the 2.5 feet per minutes of the delivery rate of extrusion die tube 158, pressed density arrives in the 600p.s.i scope about 400.The internal temperature of extrusion die tube 158 is controlled by tube being heated to required hardening of resin temperature, makes like this, and the resin in the uniform homogeneous blend of being made up of resin and wood chip can be by sclerosis as the extruding core 162 that pass through mould tube 158.DURITE SC-830A hardening of resin temperature is in 350 to 375 scopes.This temperature also can be made suitable change when adopting other resin.The extruding of tubular core and hardening process can form the tubular core of a complete pillar.
Extruding core 162 comes out from the extrusion die tube 158 of heating, and cooperate with a cover V-arrangement roller not shown in Figure 6, roller helps to push core 162 and for example still keeps straight line in the pultrusion mould at the continuous-feeding mould 164 that is conducted through heating.Such mould is made by Martin Pultrusion, and technology is owned by Morrison glass fiber company.The Pultrusion Dynamics.Inc of another company makes pultrusion equipment.
When extruding core 162 came out from extrusion die tube 158 in the incipient stage of continuously extruded process for the first time, to the incipient stage of continuous feed mould 164 feedings, the ring that can remove 166 was set at the front end of extruding core 162 in beginning.Ring 166 is assemblied on the periphery of extruding core 162.What link together is the end of several fibre glass rovings (fiberglass roving) 168 and glass fabric (fiberglass matting) with ring 166, creel be positioned at extrusion die tube 158 the outer end near.
When extruding core 162 vertically moves when entering continuous-feeding mould 164, fibre glass roving 168 and fabric 170 distribute from creel 172 and 174.Compacted and when being formed on the still awfully hot extruding core 162 when rove 168 and fabric 170, they are covered the enhancement Layer 72 that forms among Fig. 4 or the enhancement Layer 138 among Fig. 5 by the binder resin that transfers out from resin feeder 176.Enhancement Layer 72 or 138 also can comprise fiber or the face felt (surfacingveil) that spiral twines.In order to replace glass fiber, can use for example Kevlar of carbon fiber and polymer fiber
TMThe heat of continuous-feeding mould 164 has hardened and has covered binder resin on fibre glass roving 168 and the fabric 170, also rove 168 and fabric 170 is bonded on the extruding core 162.When the front end of extruding core 162 came out from continuous-feeding mould 164, feed ring 166 had just been removed.As long as fibre glass roving 168 and fabric 170 continue to be provided on the external surface of extruding core 162 from creel 172 and 174, just no longer need feed ring 166.
When the enhancement Layer on vertical support structure 72 be 5/16 inch thick in, it just can guarantee gratifying intensity.If the thickness at the enhancement Layer on the common transverse arm 138 is manufactured between 0.0625 to 0.125 inch, it just can provide enough intensity.
Can from the resin group identical, select from binder resin 176 resin loader 176, that be used in the enhancement Layer with the matrix resin that uses the mixture that constitutes extruding core 162.Can in core and enhancement Layer, use identical resin, also can adopt two kinds of different resins, as long as good adhesive power can be provided between the two, and the phenomenon that becomes fragile than another kind of resin when having enough approaching hardening temperature and avoiding occurring a kind of hardening of resin.
Enhancement Layer and extruding core 162 constitute an independent composite component 178 that is sealed by glass fiber.When composite component 178 came out from continuous-feeding mould 164, it was clamped by a cover traction feed puller 180, and for example Gatto feed puller helps composite component 180 outwards to carry like this.Composite component 178 is directed to another one and also is not presented at V roller assembly among Fig. 6, and is imported in the foam expansion case 182.Foam expansion case 182 internal diameters are greater than the external diameter of composite component 178.Space between the inner surface of the external surface of composite component 178 and foam expansion case 182 has determined the thickness of the expanded foam layer 186 that forms therein.The inner surface configuration of foam expansion case 182 has determined the external surface shape of expanded foam layer 186.
From the source 184 polyurethane resins that come out and from the source 185 blowing agents that come out inject foam expansion case 182 simultaneously.In foam expansion case 182 and the resin that gets up of blowing agent combination grow into expansion closed chamber foamed resin.By making composite component 178 by behind the foam expansion case 182, expanded foam layer 186 will be set on the external surface of composite component 178.In the present embodiment, the thickness of expanded foam layer 186 is approximately 1.50 inches, and the external diameter of final products 188 is 13.625 inches like this.Expanded foam layer 186 becomes the climbing layer 74 among Fig. 4.
The resin that is used for forming expanded foam layer 186 can be polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, compounded rubber or other material with similar quality.The characteristic of expanded foam layer 186 must enough support the workman's who has equipment climbing nail.Density is 1.0 to 30 pounds every cubic feet and is considered to enough satisfy needs of the present invention, and density is about 2.0 to 25 pounds every cubic feet preferably, and best density is 3.0 to 15 pounds every cubic feet.
If climbing layer 74 density are not enough, climb nail and will tear them, can not give the workman with enough supports.If climbing layer 74 density are excessive, workman's climbing nail just can not penetrate them.The density of also being climbed layer 74 in the closed trend after the climbing nail leaves of the through hole on the climbing layer 74 influences.Climbing layer 74 is thick in its climbing that can hold the workman is followed closely with adapting to, and don't can run into the relatively hard materials in the glass fiber that covers on the composite component 178.
As required, expanded foam layer 186 can be colored before resin enters the foam expansion case 182 of heating or in the process that enters.For example, expanded foam layer 186 can be dyed the color of similar trunk, so just can reduce as required in the lofty visual effect in some zone, perhaps can dye the color of other sign or aesthetic purpose.Expanded foam layer 186 can also have the visibility that the bioluminescence material improves vertical support 50.Visibility is important safety factor when stoping the accident collision of vehicle and vertical support, therefore can stop because of colliding the fault of caused electric power, phone and cable service like this.
After final products 188 came out from foam expansion case 182, it can for example be sawed by cutting tool 190 and be cut into the required length of each vertical support.Because manufacturing process Once you begin is exactly a continuous process, the pre-design of cast-cutting saw makes it cut according to required length, in cutting, cast-cutting saw aside moves side by side and is identical with the mobile linear speed of finishing parts at last, after cutting was finished, cast-cutting saw was got back to initial position and is prepared cutting next time.
After being cut into Len req, final products 188 are sent to the last processing frame that does not show in Fig. 6.Here final products 188 are examined and by labelled.Label can provide a lot of numerals, concrete vertical support sequence number, the date of manufacturing and place, other appropriate information.Final products 188 also in advance subdrilling the hole so that connect transverse arm installation bracket, pillar end cap or other devices later on.
If necessary, can carry out final inspection by using testing fixture 192 ultrasonic or that other is known, for example use spectrometer or X-ray, check whether the internal density variation has because for example little caused unacceptable variable density of air or moist hole in sightless crack.When final products 188 came out from foam expansion case 182, inspection can be finished automatically.Any crannied part of final products all will be cut instrument 190 and be cut away.This just can cut the waste than the final products 188 of abandoning whole segment length.
Once you begin, producing is exactly extruding, moulding and the hardening process of series connection continuously.The support component of different length only needs to cut the length that can adjust support component at the manufacture process end if desired.Short if desired support component, the support component of total length can be cut into suitable length and mix end cap as required and other annex.
Shown in Fig. 2,3 and 5, transverse arm 56 is identical with the manufacture method of vertical support 50, uses identical composite core and enhancement Layer, and uses suitable extrusion die tube 158, axle 160 and continuous-feeding mould 164 to obtain required cross sectional shape.The external surface of transverse arm 56 can be dyed as required with the close color of vertical support 50, but does not need to be covered by thick expanded foam layer.Like this, manufacture process can just finish by continuous-feeding mould 164 backs at product.
In one embodiment of the invention, similarly climb layer with expanded foam layer 186 and be arranged on the long support structure, rather than the described composite component 178 that encases with glass fiber of the operation among Fig. 6.The braced structures of the length that other uses in this embodiment of the present invention can comprise any existing long support structure, and any long support structure that is developed after also can being above can bonding expanded foam layer.In a foam expansion case, the expanded foam layer forms on the long support structure, and directly sclerosis in the above, as shown in Figure 6.Perhaps, preformed expanded foam layer can be bonded at the outside of long support structure with suitable adhesive.
What Fig. 7-12 represented is the sectional view of braced structures of the present invention.
That Fig. 7 represents is an embodiment who can be used as the vertical support 193 of multiple function use.Vertical support 193 comprises core 194, enhancement Layer 72 and climbing layer 74.Enhancement Layer 72 and climbing layer 74 are circular, as shown in Figure 4.Core 194 is made up of shell 195 and structure dividing plate 196.Shell 195 cross sections are circular, and similar to the core 168 among Fig. 4.
Structure dividing plate 196 is formed from the radially outward Y-shaped spoke 198 that stretches to the inside of shell 195 of spider core 197 by three.As shown in Figure 4, inner chamber 70 is divided into three longitudinal separations 199 by spoke 198.The cross section of Fig. 7 is the representative of vertical support 193 along whole length cross section.Like this, structure dividing plate 196 is exactly at the extending structure that extends on multiple function 193 whole length, and 199 also is so at interval.Electric wire or telephone wire can be by at interval 199, are not in together in separately the interval 199 according to function.Structure dividing plate 196 provides extra intensity also can for vertical support 193.
In order to make the core that as shown in Figure 7 core 194 has multi-compartment like that, the uniform homogeneous blend that is used for forming core 195 is that the axle (sectional mandrel) 160 by amalgamation is pushed.Each part of axle all has the shape identical with an interval 199.The external surface of the circle of core 194 can be made by circular extruding mold tube 158.The inner surface of enhancement Layer 72 conforms to the external surface of core 194, and the external surface of enhancement Layer 72 determined by the shape of continuous-feeding mould 164, and mould is shaped as circle in Fig. 7.The inner surface of climbing layer 74 conforms to the external surface of enhancement Layer 72, and the external surface 82 of climbing layer 72 is determined by the interior shape of foam expansion case 182.
That Fig. 8 represents is the another kind of embodiment of vertical support.Vertical support 193a comprises a core 194a, enhancement Layer 72 and has the climbing layer 209 of external surface 219.Enhancement Layer 72 is as shown in Fig. 4 and 7.Core 194a is made up of shell 195a and structure dividing plate 196a.Shell 195a cross section is circular.Structure dividing plate 196a has a spider core (central hub) 197a and four radially outward to be the spoke 198a that X-shaped stretches out from spider core 197a, and spoke is connected to the inside of shell 195a.Spoke 198a is divided into four circumferentially intervals 201 with the inside of multiple function 193a.Spider core 197a is the annular of having sealed Center Gap 200.On three directions, dish core 197a is oval cylindrical part, and 195a is coaxial with shell, by four inner surfaces long, that parallel, longitudinally extending fin is connected to shell 195a.
Climbing layer 74 has surrounded the outside of enhancement Layer 72 fully in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 and 7, may adopt the expanded foam layer to be secured on a part of external surface of enhancement Layer 72 under the situation of principle of the present invention.Such expanded foam climbing layer can adopt the form of the expanded foam with a lot of completely different sheets or strip, and they only are connected on enhancement Layer 72 parts.For example, as shown in Figure 8, climbing layer 209 has the band of two expanded foams 215 and 217, and they are in the whole length extending of the relative offside of vertical support 193a.
Fig. 9 has represented another embodiment of vertical support.Vertical support 193b comprises core 194b and enhancement Layer 72.The climbing layer has been omitted.Enhancement Layer 72 is shown in the embodiment among Fig. 4,7 and 8.Core 194b is made up of shell 195b and structure dividing plate 196b.Shell 195a cross section is circular, and is similar with the core 68 of embodiment among Fig. 4.Structure dividing plate 196 is made of hexagonal spider core 197b, and it has and is similarly hexagonal Center Gap 202.Six spoke 198b stretch out to the inner radial ground of shell 195b from each summit of spider core 197b.The outside of the inside of shell 195b, dish core 197b and the side of spoke 198b have determined six peripheral borders of 203 at interval.The manufacturing of the manufacturing of multiple function 193b and multiple function 193 is similar, and difference is the cross sectional shape of the axle of amalgamation, should be corresponding with the structure at peripheral interval 203 with the Center Gap 202 among Fig. 9.
What Figure 10 represented is to comprise that neither the climbing layer does not comprise the embodiment of the vertical support of structure dividing plate yet.Multiple function 193c comprises a circular core 68, the central lumen in core 68 70 and circular enhancement Layer 72.The multiple function of representing among its similar Fig. 4 50, but the climbing layer 72 among the figure omitted.Have for example multiple function of the 70 such single inner chambers of the inner chamber in multiple function 193c in order to make, the uniform homogeneous blend that is used for forming core 68 should be pressed through solid mandrel 160, and axle should be circular, so that produce round cavity 70.The rounded outer surface of core 68 is made by using circular extrusion die tube 158.The inner surface of enhancement Layer 72 is consistent with the inner surface of core 68, and the external surface of enhancement Layer 72 is determined by the shape of continuous-feeding mould 164, should be circular in the present embodiment.
As shown in figure 11, the vertical support among the present invention can not be a circular cross section also.Multiple function 193d comprises a core 204, enhancement Layer 206 and climbing layer 207, and their shape of cross section all is a hexagon.The inner surface of core 204 has determined inner chamber 205, and it also is hexagonal cross section.Climbing layer 207 comprises external surface 208.As mentioned above, multiple function 193d is that hexagonal foam expansion case 182 is made by a hexagonal axle 160 of integral body, hexagonal extruding mold tube 158, hexagon continuous-feeding mould 164 and inside.
As shown in figure 12, the inside and outside cross sectional shape of each layer on the vertical support needn't be identical.Vertical support 193e comprises a core 210 and an enhancement Layer 212.The inner surface of core 210 comprises the cross section inner chamber 211 with the leaf shape of clover.The external surface of core 210 is circular cross-section on the contrary.The inner surface of enhancement Layer 212 is circular cross-sections, follow the external surface of core 210 to match, but the external surface 213 of enhancement Layer 211 is octagonal.Vertical support 193e uses an integral body to have the axle 160 in the leaf shape of clover cross section, circular extruding mold tube 158, octagon continuous-feeding mould 164 according to as above method manufacturing.
What Figure 13 represented is that 216 embodiment is supported in multi-functional transmission of the present invention.Multi-functional transmission is supported 216 and is comprised that a pair of coupled column 218, two transverse arm 220 and the pair of cross that are connected on the coupled column 218 by installation bracket 222 support 224.Multi-functional transmission supports 216 can be used for for example supporting power line.The lower end of coupled column 218 is installed on the ground 226.Each end cap 228 of coupled column 218 lower ends comprises base 214, and base can stablize and stop coupled column 218 to be absorbed in the soft ground.
Each coupled column 218 is made up of by jointing 232 end to end post joints 230 several.In the present embodiment, can use two layer post joints 230 that comprise core and enhancement Layer, as shown in figure 10.
Multi-functional transmission is supported 216 and is fixed by the backguy 234 that is connected to backguy fixing hoop 236, and is secured on the ground 226 by for example ground tackle 238.Pillar 218 comprises end cap 240, and transverse arm 220 is included in the plug 242 on terminal 248.Electric wire 244 is connected near the end 248 of transverse arm 220.The part of border circular areas, pillar upper end 246 and transverse arm end 248 are represented in detail by Figure 14,18 and 19 respectively around the jointing 232.Additional member for example indicate 250 or lamp 252 also can be connected on the pillar 218 if necessary.
What Figure 14 represented is the detail drawing that joint 232 comprises backguy fixing hoop 236.Two posts joint 230a and 230b link together at jointing 232 places.Post joint 230a is positioned at above the jointing 232, and post joint 230b is positioned at below the jointing 232, and perhaps, 230a is identical with 230b for the post joint.Backguy fixing hoop 236 is made up of first semi-ring 258 and second semi-ring 260, and they cooperatively interact and surround and seal upper prop joint 230a and linked together on flange 266 by nut 272, bolt 262, lifting bolt 264.Lifting bolt 264 has a ring, and the inside can hold connection backguy 234 thereon.Backguy fixing hoop 236 combines with a top side of jointing fixed head 268, and fixing hoop stretches between the periphery of the external surface of post joint and jointing fixed head 268.
What Figure 15 represented is the first post joint 230a continuous at jointing 232 places and the backguy fixing hoop 236 of second post joint 230b and exploded representation.Backguy semi-ring 258 and 260 links together by nut 272 and bolt 262,264, and bolt 262,264 is by the through hole 270 on backguy semi-ring 258,260.Jointing fixed head 268 is protruding from jointing 232, provides a backguy fixing hoop 236 can prop up the edge that leans on like this.
Figure 16 is the exploded view that is used for fixing the jointing 232 of end to end first post joint 230a and second post joint 230b according to of the present invention.By demonstration rather than qualification, first end 280 of connecting pin 278 is contained in the connection groove 282 of first post joint 230a, and second end 284 is contained in the connection groove 286 of second post joint 230b.Locator protrusions 288 is projections of ring-type, to outer process, impels be connected in the groove 286 accurately location of connecting pin 278 at the connection groove 282 of first post joint 230a and second post joint 230b from the surface of connecting pin 278.Locator protrusions 288 prevents to be pushed to such an extent that to stretch into groove 282,286 too dark by coincideing with the terminal surface 274 of first post joint 230a or second post joint 230b terminal surface 276.Locator protrusions 288 can be one and be fixed on the independent ring on every side of connecting pin 278 or follow connecting pin 278 rings made in one piece.Locator protrusions 288 also can omit if necessary.
In Figure 16, can see that jointing fixed head 268 is the dishes that have center positioning hole 290, connecting pin 278 can pass center positioning hole.On the end face 276 that the internal diameter of jointing fixed head 268 is wanted to make fixed head 268 can lean against post joint 230b.A groove 292 is arranged on the fixed head near 290 places, hole, to lay locator protrusions 288.
Figure 17 represents is the jointing of the combination cut open along Figure 14 center line 17-17 and the sectional view of backguy fixing hoop.Locator protrusions 288 on connecting pin 278 is near the terminal surface 276 of second post joint 230b, groove 292 on jointing fixed head 268 makes jointing fixed head 268 can be enclosed within locator protrusions 288, and makes first post joint 230a and the tight combination of second post joint 230b.Figure 17 has also represented the flange 266 on backguy semi-ring 258, and porose 270 holds the bolt that is used to be connected to each other two backguy semi-rings on flange 266.Connecting pin 278 closely is engaged in the connection groove 282 of first post joint 230a and being connected in the groove 286 of second post joint 230b, can or combine by adhesive 294 as shown in the figure by the next combination of frictional force.Connecting groove 282 and 286 can link up with the inner chamber that post saves 230a and 230b, and with the inner chamber of first post joint 230a and second post joint 230b identical diameter is arranged.Connecting pin 278 also can be made by mold pressing or extruding plastic, resin or glass fiber, is perhaps come to make with machining such as aluminium by metal.Any other material or manufacturing technology can provide enough intensity and durability with needing only it.
Figure 18 is the exploded view that 216 tops are supported in the multi-functional transportation among Figure 13.End cap 240 is arranged on 246 places, top of post joint 230.End cap 240 has conical external surface 296 and can save 230 end surface 300 in abutting connection with the smooth abutment surface 298 that cooperates with post.Conical external surface 296 is fully conical and the band point, stops bird to perch at the pillar top or nests.Abutment surface 298 is circular, and saves 230 terminal surfaces 300 with post and have identical overall diameter so that cover terminal surface 300.A projection connection leg 302 stretches out downwards from abutment surface 298, and be assemblied in upper end 246 in the inner chamber 304 of the outside opening of post joint 230.Projection connection leg 302 is fixed by nut 311 and through bolt 306, and through bolt is passed in hole 308 and the hole on connection leg 302 310 that post saves 230 upper ends 246.Perhaps, can connection leg be fixed in the end 246 of post joint with adhesive.If the abutment surface 298 and the post joint terminal 246 of post joint end cap 240 only are to fix by adhesive, connection leg 302 can omit so.
Figure 19 is the detail drawing of transverse arm 220 ends 248 among Figure 13.Electric wire 244a and 244b are separately fixed on lifting bolt 344 and 346. Lifting bolt 344 and 346 axle pass through hole on the transverse arm 220, and respectively by nut 348 and 350 fixing.Connecting line 352 is one section short-term, and it is connected with 346 with lifting bolt 344, and provides electrical connection between electric wire 244a and 244b.The end 248 of transverse arm 220 also is equipped with plug 242, plug 242 by pressure fitted or adhesive in the inner chamber 358 of transverse arm 220.
What Figure 20 represented is a kind of end cap 360 that platform can be provided for bird from building nest.End cap 360 can because nest in the few place that does not have a rookery of trees provided convenience for bird.End cap 360 also can stop because the Bird's Nest on multi-functional capital drops to caused accident of power supply on the electric wire.End cap 360 comprises a platform base 362 and an outstanding connection leg 364, connection leg 364 inserts in the inner chamber 366 of vertical support 368, and be fixed in the above by nut 376 and through bolt 370, through bolt 370 is passed in through hole 372 and the hole on connection leg 364 374 on the vertical support 368.End cap 360 can have unshowned tie rod in case in high wind fixed platform seat 362.
The present invention can also otherwise realize under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's spirit and inner characteristic.All aspects of described embodiment are demonstration rather than qualification just.Scope of the present invention is limited by the additional claim rather than the description of front.All variations in the claim equivalent scope all are comprised in their scope.
Claims (123)
1. a long support structure comprises
(a) long core that forms by the composite material of homogeneous basically; And
(b) enhancement Layer that is adhered to described core outer surface, described enhancement Layer comprises:
(I) binder resin; And
(II) imbed reinforcing fibre in the described binder resin.
2. braced structures as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described core has circle
External cross section.
3. braced structures as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described core has non-circular external cross section.
4. braced structures as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described core has the external cross section of rectangle.
5. braced structures as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described composite material comprises
(a) matrix resin,
(b) reinforcing material of trickle long particle composition.
6. braced structures as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described reinforcing material is by a kind ofly constituting that the group of forming from wood fiber, short glass fiber, polymer fiber and carbon fiber is selected.
7. braced structures as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described reinforcing material is made of wood fiber.
8. braced structures as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described matrix resin is a phenolic resins.
9. braced structures as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described matrix resin is a polymer resin.
10. braced structures as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described matrix resin is water base.
11. braced structures as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described matrix resin is the catalyzer sclerosis.
12. braced structures as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described matrix resin is the thermosetting sclerosis.
13. braced structures as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described composite material also comprises a kind of additive of selecting from the group that ultraviolet screener, pest repellant and colorant are formed.
14. braced structures as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also have climbing aid to admit in the outside of described enhancement Layer and climb nail.
15. braced structures as claimed in claim 14, it is characterized in that: described climbing aid is a climbing layer that is made of expanded foam that adheres on the described enhancement Layer external surface, and the density of described climbing layer and combination of strength are enough to support workman and entrained equipment thereof.
16. braced structures as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that: described climbing layer has coarse external surface, bites with this friction that helps to strengthen in described long support structural outer.
17. braced structures as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that: described core is a hollow, determined the inner chamber that the center is provided with the inside of this described core, inner chamber longitudinally extends between the first and second relative ends of described core, and described inner chamber leads to the outside of described core at the described core first end place.
18. braced structures as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that: also comprise an end cap, this end cap is connected to the end with the corresponding described braced structures of described first end of described core, and the described inner chamber in the described core of described end cap and the outside of described braced structures separate.
19. braced structures as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: described end cap comprises the connection leg of a projection, and connection leg is placed in the described inner chamber at the described first end place of described core.
20. braced structures as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: also comprise a platform, platform is fixed on the position of the described core that leaves described braced structures on the described end cap.
21. braced structures as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that: described inner chamber at the described second end place of described core to the outside opening of described core.
22. braced structures as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that: also comprise an end cap, this end cap is connected to the end with the corresponding described braced structures of described second end of described core, and described end cap separates the outside of itself and described braced structures.
23. braced structures as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that: described end cap comprises the connection leg of a projection, and connection leg is placed in the described inner chamber at the described second end place of described core.
24. braced structures as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that: also comprise a base, base is fixed on the position of the described end cap that leaves described braced structures on the described end cap.
25. a long support structure comprises:
A) core of the hollow of a length that forms by the composite material of homogeneous basically, described composite material comprises:
(I) matrix resin; And
(II) by trickle, the reinforcing material that constitutes of elongated grain basically; And
B) enhancement Layer that is adhered to described long core outer surface.
26. braced structures as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that: described enhancement Layer comprises:
(I) binder resin; And
(II) imbed reinforcing fibre in the described binder resin.
27. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: described reinforcing fibre is made of fibre glass roving.
28. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: described reinforcing fibre is made of glass fabric.
29. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: described reinforcing fibre twines fiber by spiral and constitutes.
30. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: described reinforcing fibre comprises the face felt.
31. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: described binder resin is identical with described matrix resin.
32. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: described binder resin is a phenolic resins.
33. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: described binder resin is a polymer resin.
34. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: described binder resin is water base.
35. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: described binder resin is the thermosetting sclerosis.
36. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: described binder resin is the catalyzer sclerosis.
37. braced structures as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that: also being included in being used on the external surface of described enhancement Layer admits the climbing aid of climbing nail.
38. a multiple function comprises
(a) one be adapted at outdoor application, generally be the long support structure of perpendicular positioning, described braced structures comprises:
(I) long core that forms by the composite material of homogeneous basically; Described composite material comprises:
A) matrix resin; And
B) reinforcing material that constitutes by trickle, long grain; And
(II) enhancement Layer that is adhered to described core outer surface, described enhancement Layer comprises:
A) binder resin; And
B) imbed reinforcing fibre in the described binder resin,
(b) non-perpendicular location is installed in transverse arm on the described braced structures.
39. multiple function as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that: also comprise described transverse arm is fixed on installation bracket on the described braced structures.
40. multiple function as claimed in claim 39 is characterized in that: also comprise the member that electric wire can be fixed on the described transverse arm.
41. multiple function as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that: described member comprises anchor clamps, and it can be connected electric wire is constrained between described anchor clamps and the described transverse arm.
42. multiple function as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that: described member comprises a lifting bolt that is fixed on the described transverse arm, and described lifting bolt has a ring, and the size of ring can be laid electric wire.
43. multiple function as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that: also comprise an end cap of an end that is connected described braced structures, described end cap comprises:
(a) abutment surface that coincide with the described end of described braced structures; And
(b) external surface in installation environment that is exposed to multiple function.
44. multiple function as claimed in claim 43 is characterized in that: the described external surface of described end cap is conical surface.
45. multiple function as claimed in claim 43 is characterized in that: the external surface of described end cap is hemispheric surface.
46. multiple function as claimed in claim 43 is characterized in that: also comprise a platform on the described external surface that is fixed on described end cap.
47. multiple function as claimed in claim 43 is characterized in that: also comprise a base on the described external surface that is fixed on described end cap.
48. multiple function as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that: described braced structures also comprises a climbing layer that is adhered to the expanded foam formation of described enhancement Layer external surface.
49. the long support structure of an outdoor use, braced structures can vertically be set up or level is set up to carry sign mounted thereto, transverse arm, railing, electric wire or other loads, and described braced structures comprises:
(a) long core that forms by the composite material of basic homogeneous; Described composite material comprises
(I) matrix resin; And
(II) reinforcing material that constitutes by trickle, long grain, and
(b) enhancement Layer that bonds to described core outer surface, described enhancement Layer comprises
(I) binder resin; And
(II) imbed reinforcing fibre in the described binder resin.
50. braced structures as claimed in claim 49 is characterized in that: described reinforcing material comprises wood fiber.
51. braced structures as claimed in claim 49 is characterized in that: described core is a hollow, and the inner surface of described core has determined to have the inner chamber of the longitudinal extension of openend with this.
52. braced structures as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that: described inner chamber is divided into longitudinally at interval by the structure dividing plate.
53. braced structures as claimed in claim 49 is characterized in that: described binder resin is identical with described matrix resin.
54. braced structures as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that: described core has circular outer cross sectional shape.
55. braced structures as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that: the outer cross sectional shape of described core is a hexagon.
56. braced structures as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that: the outer cross sectional shape of described core is square.
57. a long support structure comprises:
(a) long core;
(b) be bonded in enhancement Layer on the described core outer surface, described enhancement Layer comprises:
(I) resin; And
(II) imbed reinforcing fibre in the described resin; And
(c) be bonded in the climbing layer that constitutes by expanded foam of the external surface of described enhancement Layer.
58. braced structures as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that: described climbing layer can be that a kind of resin of selecting from polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and compounded rubber constitutes.
59. braced structures as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that: the density of described climbing layer is between every cubic feet of about 1-30 pound.
60. braced structures as claimed in claim 59 is characterized in that: the density of described climbing layer is between every cubic feet of about 2-25 pound.
61. braced structures as claimed in claim 60 is characterized in that: the density of described climbing layer is between every cubic feet of about 3-15 pound.
62. braced structures as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that: described core is a hollow, and the inner surface of described core has determined to have the inner chamber of the longitudinal extension of openend.
63. braced structures as claimed in claim 62 is characterized in that: described inner chamber is divided into longitudinally at interval by the structure dividing plate.
64. as the described braced structures of claim 63, it is characterized in that: described structure dividing plate and described core are an integral body.
65. as the described braced structures of claim 63, it is characterized in that: described structure dividing plate is being shaped as the X-shape perpendicular to the cross section in the plane of described core y direction.
66. as the described braced structures of claim 65, it is characterized in that: the cross section of described X-shaped comprises from the spider core diameter to outward extending spoke.
67. as the described braced structures of claim 66, it is characterized in that: described spider core has the opening at the center of being positioned.
68. as the described braced structures of claim 63, it is characterized in that: described structure dividing plate is being shaped as the gamma-form shape perpendicular to the cross section in the plane of described core y direction.
69. as the described braced structures of claim 63, it is characterized in that: the cross section of obtaining in the plane perpendicular to described core y direction at described structure dividing plate comprises:
(a) anchor ring; And
(b) spoke that extends to the described inner radial of described core from the outside of described ring surface.
70. as the described braced structures of claim 63, it is characterized in that: described structure dividing plate comprises:
(a) be set to pipe with the length of described core coaxial relation; And
(b) fin of a long longitudinal extension, this fin is connected to the outside of described oval cylindrical part along its first vertical limit, and is connected to the described inside of described core along its second parallel longitudinal edge.
71. as the described braced structures of claim 63, it is characterized in that: the cross section of obtaining in the plane perpendicular to described core y direction of described structure dividing plate comprises:
(a) hexagon; And
(b) from the described inner surface radial direction outward extending spoke of described hexagonal each respective vertices to described core.
72. as the described braced structures of claim 71, it is characterized in that: described hexagon comprises the opening at the center of being positioned.
73. one kind is used for outdoor long support structure, braced structures can vertically be set up or level is set up to carry sign mounted thereto, transverse arm, railing, electric wire or other loads, and described braced structures comprises:
(a) long structure member; And
(b) bond to the climbing layer that the expanded foam of described long structure member external surface constitutes.
74. as the described long support structure of claim 73, it is characterized in that: described expanded foam is a polyurethane.
75. as the described long support structure of claim 74, it is characterized in that: the density of described expanded foam is between every cubic feet of about 1-30 pound.
76. as the described long support structure of claim 74, it is characterized in that: the density of described expanded foam is between every cubic feet of about 2-25 pound.
77. as the described long support structure of claim 74, it is characterized in that: the density of described expanded foam is between every cubic feet of about 3-15 pound.
78. as the described long support structure of claim 73, it is characterized in that: described expanded foam surrounds the described external surface of described long structure member.
79. a mixture that constitutes the braced structures core comprises:
(a) matrix resin;
(b) with the fibrous material of described mixed with resin, described fibrous material consists essentially of the fiber in the scope of length between about 0.50-4.00 inch.
80. as the described mixture of claim 79, it is characterized in that: described fibrous material is made of the fiber in the scope of fibre length between about 0.75-2.0 inch basically.
81. as the described mixture of claim 79, it is characterized in that: described resin is a phenolic resins.
82. as the described mixture of claim 79, it is characterized in that: described resin is a polymer resin.
83. as the described mixture of claim 79, it is characterized in that: described resin is water base.
84. as the described mixture of claim 79, it is characterized in that: described resin is the catalyzer sclerosis.
85. as the described mixture of claim 79, it is characterized in that: described resin is thermosetting.
86. as the described mixture of claim 79, it is characterized in that: described mixture also comprises a kind of additive of selecting from ultraviolet screener, pest repellant and colorant.
87. as the described mixture of claim 79, it is characterized in that: described fibrous material comprises a kind of in wood chip, cocoanut shell, fortune windmillpalm sheath-fibre, hemp, sisal hemp, bagasse or the trees fiber.
88., it is characterized in that as the described mixture of claim 79: described fibrous material be removed basically the wood chip of wetly, resin and juice.
89. as the described mixture of claim 88, it is characterized in that: described fibrous material is a wood chip of having removed at least 99% moisture, resin and juice.
90. as the described mixture of claim 79, it is characterized in that: described fibrous material accounts for about 50% to about 85% of mixture cumulative volume.
91. as the described mixture of claim 79, it is characterized in that: described fibrous material accounts for about 65% to about 75% of mixture cumulative volume.
92. a method of making the long support structure comprises the following steps:
(a) push basically that the mixture of homogeneous forms long core, described mixture comprises:
(I) matrix resin; And
(II) the enhancing material that the trickle long particle that mixes with described matrix resin constitutes
Material;
(b) enhancement Layer is attached to the external surface of described core, described enhancement Layer comprises:
(I) binder resin; And
(II) imbed reinforcing fibre in the described binder resin.
93. as the described method of claim 92, it is characterized in that: described attachment steps comprises:
(a) finalized the design in the continuous-feeding mould in the outside of described enhancement Layer;
(b) with the described enhancement Layer of thermmohardening.
94. as the described method of claim 93, it is characterized in that: described mould is adjustable.
95. as the described method of claim 93, it is characterized in that: in described cure step, described heat adds.
96. as the described method of claim 93, it is characterized in that: in described cure step, described heat is produced by catalyzer.
97., it is characterized in that: also comprise a step that forms an expanded foam layer in the outside of described enhancement Layer as the described method of claim 93.
98. the method for the long support structure that a manufacturing can be climbed comprises the following steps:
(a) provide a kind of long structure member; And
(b) an expanded foam layer is bonded to the external surface of described long structure member.
99. as the described method of claim 98, it is characterized in that: described bonding step comprises the forming step of an expanded foam layer on the external surface that directly is attached to described long structure member.
100. as the described method of claim 99, it is characterized in that: described forming step comprises:
(a) in the foam expansion case, inject resin and blowing agent, in described foam expansion case, produce Foamex with this;
(b) described Foamex is expanded to be full of described foam expansion case; And
(c) described long structure member is longitudinally forwarded by described foam expansion case, make the described Foamex of one deck be bonded in the outside of described long structure member.
101. as the described method of claim 100, it is characterized in that: described forming step also comprises:
(a) finalized the design in the outside of described foamed resin layer;
(b) the described Foamex that hardens.
102. as the described method of claim 98, it is characterized in that: described bonding step comprises the external surface that prefabricated expanded foam layer is bonded to described long structure member.
103. a long support structure comprises:
(a) interconnect the end and be aligned with each other end to end first and second posts joint to form a jointing between them, each described post joint all comprises:
(I) long core;
(II) enhancement Layer that bonds to described long core outer surface, described adding
Strong layer comprises:
A) resin; And
B) imbed reinforcing fibre in the described resin;
(III) quilt at the place, end of the described post joint at described jointing place
The end face that the external surface of described enhancement Layer fixes limit;
(IV) the connection groove that on described end face, is shaped; And
(b) described first and second posts are saved at the end to end stationary device in described jointing place.
104. as the described long support structure of claim 102, it is characterized in that: described fastening devices comprises a connecting pin that passes described jointing, and described connecting pin comprises:
(a) be contained in first end in the described connection groove in the described end face of described first post joint end;
(b) be contained in second end in the described connection groove in the described end face of described second post joint end end.
105. as the described post of claim 104, it is characterized in that: described connecting pin is separately fixed in the described connection groove on described first and second posts joint by adhesive.
106. as the described long support structure of claim 104, it is characterized in that: described fastening devices also comprises a jointing fixed head that has the through hole in the middle of being positioned at, described fixed head combines with the described end face of described first post joint and second post joint respectively in its relative both sides, and the mid portion of described connecting pin passes the described through hole of described fixed head.
107. as the described long support structure of claim 106, it is characterized in that: described fixed head is a plate-like, the through hole on it is concentric with the fixed head of this plate-like.
108. as the described long support structure of claim 106, it is characterized in that: the outer surface of described fixed head radially outward stretches out at the described jointing place of the outside of described first and second posts joint.
109. as the described long support structure of claim 108, it is characterized in that: also comprise a backguy fixing hoop, it surrounds the described external surface of described first post joint, and abut against on fixed head one side between the described outer surface of the external surface of described first post joint and described fixed head with and coincide with it.
110. a long support structure comprises:
(a) first and second posts joint, they join end to end, and the termination alignment is formed on the jointing between them, and each described post joint all comprises:
(I) each post joint all has an end face at the jointing place;
(II) the connection groove that on described terminal surface, forms;
(b) connecting pin that passes described jointing, described connecting pin comprises:
(I) be contained in the interior described connection groove of described end face that described first post saves
In first end;
(II) be contained in the interior described connection groove of described end face that described second post saves
In second end.
111. as the described long support structure of claim 110, it is characterized in that: described connecting pin also has a locator protrusions, its from the described connecting pin between described first end and described second end outward radial stretch out, the described end face of described locator protrusions and described first post joint matches to determine the location of the described connecting pin in described first post joint.
112. as the described long support structure of claim 111, it is characterized in that: described locator protrusions is made of a circular protrusion that is centered around on the described connecting pin circumference.
113. as the described long support structure of claim 110, it is characterized in that: described connecting pin is a metal.
114. as the described long support structure of claim 110, it is characterized in that: described first and second posts joint all is a hollow, the inner chamber of a corresponding longitudinal extension has all been determined in the inside of described first and second posts joint, and each described inner chamber all pass through wherein described connection groove and saves with separately described post and link to each other.
115. as the described long support structure of claim 110, it is characterized in that: each in described first and second posts joint all comprises:
(a) long core;
(b) enhancement Layer that bonds to described long core outer surface, described enhancement Layer comprises
(I) resin;
(II) imbed reinforcing fibre in the described resin.
116. a long support structure comprises:
(a) by termination interconnected first and second posts of the end to end mode joint that aligns, form jointing between them, each described post joint all comprises:
(I) the long core that forms by the composite material of basic homogeneous: described composite material
Comprise:
A) matrix resin;
B) reinforcing material of trickle long particle formation;
(II) be bonded in an enhancement Layer of the external surface of described long core, described reinforcement
Layer comprises:
A) binder resin;
B) imbed reinforcing fibre in the described binder resin;
(III) end face that surrounds by external surface at the described enhancement Layer at the place, end of the described post joint at described jointing place;
(IV) the connection groove that on described end face, is shaped;
(b) be used for described first and second posts joint is sentenced the fixing fastening devices of end to end mode at jointing.
117. as the described long support structure of claim 116, it is characterized in that: described fastening devices comprises a connecting pin that passes described jointing, and described connecting pin comprises:
(a) be contained in first end in the described connection groove in the described end face of described first post joint end;
(b) be contained in second end in the described connection groove in the described end face of described second post joint end;
118. as the described long support structure of claim 117, it is characterized in that: described fastening devices also comprises a jointing fixed head that has the through hole in the middle of being positioned, described fixed head engages with the described end face of described first and second posts joint respectively in its both sides, and the mid portion of described connecting pin passes the intermediate throughholes of described fixed head.
119. as the described long support structure of claim 117, it is characterized in that: described connecting pin also has a locator protrusions, locator protrusions from the described connecting pin between described first end and described second end outward radial stretch, the described end face of described locator protrusions and described first post joint matches to limit the position of the described connecting pin of described first post in saving.
120. as the described long support structure of claim 119, it is characterized in that: described locator protrusions comprises a circular protrusion on the circumference that is centered around described connecting pin.
121. as the described long support structure of claim 116, it is characterized in that: described first and second posts joint all is a hollow, the inner chamber of a corresponding longitudinal extension has all been determined in the inside of described first and second posts joint, and described inner chamber all links to each other by the outside of described connection groove with described post joint.
122. as the described long support structure of claim 116, it is characterized in that: also be included in the climbing aid on the external surface of described enhancement Layer, it is used for receiving climbs nail.
123. as the described long support structure of claim 122, it is characterized in that: described climbing aid comprises the climbing layer that is made of the expanded foam resin that is bonded on the described enhancement Layer external surface, and described climbing layer has enough density and intensity to support workman and entrained equipment thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14221299P | 1999-07-02 | 1999-07-02 | |
| US60/142,212 | 1999-07-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1367856A true CN1367856A (en) | 2002-09-04 |
Family
ID=22499008
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00811076A Pending CN1367856A (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2000-06-30 | Environmentally compatible pole and piling |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1198649A2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1367856A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5906200A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2377933A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001002662A2 (en) |
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| CN102889019A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-01-23 | 国家电网公司 | Steel pole for iron tower of high-tension transmission line |
| CN104631908A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-20 | 黄文辉 | Outdoor guardrail with inner bagasse layer and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105696547A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-22 | 钱于军 | Carbon fiber film precast pile |
| CN107482997A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-15 | 黄山市雅龙智能科技有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic panel assembly |
| CN111851350A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-30 | 重庆东吴交通设施有限公司 | Positioning structure for mounting road traffic signboard fixing frame |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6851247B1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2005-02-08 | D2 Llc | Composite utility pole core systems |
| FR2865679B1 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2006-07-07 | Olivier Bioulac | POLE AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES OF WOOD-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, AND APPLICATIONS |
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- 2000-06-30 AU AU59062/00A patent/AU5906200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-30 CN CN00811076A patent/CN1367856A/en active Pending
- 2000-06-30 WO PCT/US2000/018148 patent/WO2001002662A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-30 CA CA002377933A patent/CA2377933A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-30 EP EP00945070A patent/EP1198649A2/en not_active Withdrawn
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| CN102889019A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-01-23 | 国家电网公司 | Steel pole for iron tower of high-tension transmission line |
| CN104631908A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-20 | 黄文辉 | Outdoor guardrail with inner bagasse layer and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN107482997A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-15 | 黄山市雅龙智能科技有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic panel assembly |
| CN107482997B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-06-22 | 中腾微网（北京）科技有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic panel assembly |
| CN111851350A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-30 | 重庆东吴交通设施有限公司 | Positioning structure for mounting road traffic signboard fixing frame |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2001002662A2 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
| EP1198649A2 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
| CA2377933A1 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
| AU5906200A (en) | 2001-01-22 |
| WO2001002662A3 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
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