CN1349325A - Multiple carrier software radio transceiver and its intelligent antenna performance improving method - Google Patents
Multiple carrier software radio transceiver and its intelligent antenna performance improving method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In radio telecommunication system based on multiple-carrier software radio electric transceiver and linear powe amplifier, the amplitudes and phases of data of in-phase signal and orthogonal signal of every array element base band intelligence antenna are adjusted and calibrated by said method, thus to enhance the consistency of amplitude and phases. The invention method can be used for communication modes as GSM, CDMA and VCDMA etc.
Description
The present invention relates to radio communication field, particularly multiple carrier software radio transceiver and antenna system.
In traditional smart antenna design, each array element passage from the radio frequency to the intermediate frequency again to base band, always with single carrier frequency analog as effective processing means, A-D converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) mainly are that base-band in-phase signal (I), orthogonal signalling (Q) are carried out modulus respectively, counted and touch conversion, this makes that the amplitude-phase consistency between each array element passage and in-phase signal (I), orthogonal signalling (Q) data is very poor, has a strong impact on the correct formation of up-downgoing wave beam.Simultaneously because the discreteness of analog component electric parameter, can cause the inconsistent of quality between the product, and because the system configuration complexity increases the debugging amount, maintainable relatively poor.
Because digital mobile communication fast development, limited wireless frequency resource are more and more valuable.Smart antenna can be adjusted self parameter according to mobile subscriber's position and residing electromagnetic environment self application ground by software radio transceiver, makes beam position and tracking target user.Utilize the difference of signal on incident direction, with same frequency, come, thereby improve channel multiplexing rate, i.e. space division multiple access (SDMA) with the signal distinguishing of time slot.For intelligent antenna array, owing to the amplitude between each array element especially phase relation is the basis that wave beam forms, each array element must keep the amplitude-phase consistency of height.Though the whole passage of each array element from the radio frequency to the base band is identical from principle, because device performance can not be in full accord and be had the characteristic of time drift, there is certain mutual coupling between the while array element, finally caused following effect:
1, the I of each array element, Q passage are inconsistent
2, different array element amplitudes and phase place is inconsistent, and promptly different array element has different transfer functions
3, Shi Ji battle array response vector is very different with the battle array response vector that is calculated by array topological sum array element characteristic
These effects have different influences for different Array Signal Processing algorithms, for the Estimation of Spatial Spectrum algorithm, will cause DOA (Direction of arrival, arrival bearing) to estimate at very big error; For algorithm based on multi-beam, will cause the wave beam main lobe direction to depart from actual direction, zero sunken level, sidelobe level do not reach predetermined required value; Not too responsive for blind and non-blind adaptive algorithm for these effects, but systematic function will be improved a lot if can all or part ofly overcome these effects.So we must at first make great efforts to improve the amplitude-phase consistency between each array element of smart antenna and I, Q data, secondly must calibrate the width of cloth of each array element passage is mutually inconsistent, to keep the characteristic of battle array response vector.
At present, the calibration steps that improves amplitude-phase consistency between each array element branch road of smart antenna and in-phase signal (I), orthogonal signalling (Q) data is divided into two kinds of off-line calibration and on-line calibrations.And in real work, normally both are combined use.Off-line calibration is in the transmission characteristic of array antenna use with each array element of Pretesting, the battle array response vector of hot-wire array, and the transmission characteristic of test will provide foundation for beam alignmetn; On-line calibration is to consider the time dependent characteristic of array element channel characteristic (as being caused by temperature, aging etc.), the transmission characteristic of test array element passage when system works.
The invention provides a kind ofly, and utilize this software radio transceiver to improve amplitude-phase consistency method between each array element of smart antenna and I, Q data based on multiple carrier software radio transceiver.
A kind of multiple carrier software radio receiver comprises: broadband filter, M road intermediate frequency receive path, broadband analog to digital converter, multi-channel digital low-converter, baseband decoding unit, clock unit, microprocessor, device able to programme;
Wherein, all there is identical structure on each road in the intermediate frequency receive path of M road, all is made up of frequency mixer, reception local oscillator, Surface Acoustic Wave Filter, amplifier, Surface Acoustic Wave Filter;
Send into M road intermediate frequency receive path from the M road radio frequency analog signal that the radio-frequency front-end low noise amplifier comes simultaneously through behind the filter filtering, through mixing, filtering, amplification, filtering is handled successively again, then M road signal is sent into the broadband A-D converter, again digital signal is sent into the multi-channel digital low-converter and finished digital filtering and data pick-up, at last the digital signal that extracts is sent into the baseband decoding unit and decode each road signal;
Wherein, clock unit is connected with broadband A-D converter, multi-channel digital low-converter, baseband decoding unit, device able to programme, for it provides system clock;
Microprocessor is connected with multi-channel digital low-converter, device able to programme, finishes to the power-up initializing of transceiver and to software radio receiver, the configuration of software radio sender functional parameter and modification;
Device able to programme is connected with multi-channel digital low-converter, baseband decoding unit, is used for producing control, addressing and the timing signal that transceiver needs.
Multi-channel digital low-converter in the described multiple carrier software radio receiver, DDC constitutes by M way word low-converter, wherein every way word low-converter DDC has identical structure, comprise the multi-channel data input unit, numeral I, Q quadrature demodulation unit, plural number control local oscillator NCO, synchronous and the phase bias regulon of multichannel phase, comb shape series connection integration (CIC) decimation filter, programmable digital-filter, and the data output format converting unit, wherein multi-channel data input unit and data output format converting unit are share by the M road.
Send into digital I, Q quadrature demodulation unit from the signal of multi-channel data input unit output, synchronously and under the control of phase bias regulon digital I, Q signal are carried out quadrature demodulation at plural number control local oscillator NCO and multichannel phase, signal after the demodulation is sent into comb shape series connection integration (CIC) decimation filter, and then send into programmable digital-filter, send into data output format converting unit 304 at last, after format conversion, export.
A kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned multiple carrier software radio receiver to improve intelligent antenna performance when improving the up amplitude-phase consistency of smart antenna, can be divided into following two steps.
The first step: at first measure the error that up calibration circuit itself is introduced with network analyzer, up calibrating signal is by with behind phase power splitter such as the width of cloth and the coupler, and the amplitude of each channel signal, phase place are variant slightly, at this this difference are made compensation.
Second step: the smart antenna up-link is calibrated, and its treatment step is as follows:
(1) weighted factor of each array element branch road is set;
(2) introduce up calibrating signal 517, be divided into N road signal again and be coupled to N array element array antenna;
(3) calibrating signal is not had by multicarrier by receiving radio frequency front end 501 and low noise amplifier 502
Line electricity software radio receiver carries out analog-to-digital conversion and digital I, Q quadrature demodulation;
(4) I of multi-carrier radio software radio receiver output, Q data are by up calibration calculations
Multichannel DDC carries out phase alignment in the electricity receiver, simultaneously base band uplink beam shape
One-tenth and amplitude calibration realize that unit 505 carries out amplitude calibration;
(5) base band uplink beam amplitude calibration weights are transported with the wave beam weight that calculating is good in advance
Calculate and form final wave beam weight, compensation receives the current distortion of link;
In the multi-channel digital low-converter of multiple carrier software radio receiver, the phase place inconsistency is compensated, treatment step is as follows:
(1) the if sampling data is carried out frequency spectrum shift, finish digital demodulation;
(2) digital I, Q signal are carried out the CIC filtering extraction;
(3) digital I, Q signal are carried out filtering extraction;
(4) data based needs are carried out format conversion, select parallel or serial output;
(5) many array elements, multicarrier data phase are synchronously and phase adjusted.
A kind of multiple carrier software radio sender comprises: baseband coding unit, multi-channel digital upconverter, broadband digital to analog converter, clock unit, microprocessor, device able to programme, M road intermediate frequency transmission channel and filter 208;
Wherein, each road in the intermediate frequency transmission channel of M road all has identical structure, all is made up of Surface Acoustic Wave Filter, amplifier, Surface Acoustic Wave Filter, frequency mixer, emission local oscillator;
Clock unit is connected with baseband coding unit, multi-channel digital upconverter, broadband digital-to-analog converter, device able to programme, for it provides system clock;
Microprocessor and device able to programme, multi-channel digital upconverter, the power-up initializing of finishing transceiver reach software radio receiver, the configuration of software radio sender functional parameter and modification;
Device able to programme is connected with baseband coding unit, multi-channel digital upconverter, is used for producing control, addressing and the timing signal that transceiver needs;
After described multiple carrier software radio sender passes through the baseband coding cell encoding with M way word baseband signal, send into the multi-channel digital upconverter and carry out upconversion process, and then send into the broadband digital-to-analog converter and carry out digital to analog conversion, again the M road analog signal that obtains is sent into M road intermediate frequency transmission channel and carry out filtering, amplification, filtering again, Frequency mixing processing successively, at last mixed frequency signal is sent into filter, deliver to the multicarrier linear power amplifier from the signal of filter output, then emission.
Multi-channel digital upconverter DUC in the described multiple carrier software radio sender, DUC constitutes by M way word upconverter, wherein every way word upconverter DUC has identical structure, each way word upconverter DUC is the multi-channel data input unit, programmable digital-filter, comb shape series connection integration (CIC) interpolation filter, numeral I, Q quadrature modulator and plural number control local oscillator, and according to output format converting unit formation, wherein multi-channel data input unit and data output format converting unit are share by the M road;
The signal that comes out from the multi-channel data input unit passes through the processing of programmable digital-filter, interpolation filter successively, send into digital I, Q quadrature modulator, this modulator reaches under the control of phase bias regulon synchronously in plural number control local oscillator and multichannel phase, carry out digital I, Q quadrature modulation, then modulated signal is sent into the data output format converting unit.
Utilize described multiple carrier software radio sender to improve the method for intelligent antenna performance, when improving the smart antenna downlink amplitude-phase consistency, its treatment step is as follows:
(1) realizes that in formation of base band downlink wave beam and amplitude calibration unit 604 produces the spy of certain array element
Fix capable calibrating signal;
(2) realize single by multiple carrier software radio software radio sender and the calibration of descending line phase
The 603 pairs of calibrating signals of unit are carried out digital interpolative, filtering and I, Q quadrature are mixed to numeral
Intermediate frequency, digital-to-analogue conversion becomes analog if signal, carries out power by the multicarrier linear power amplifier again and puts
Be fed to antenna 600 by emission radio-frequency front-end 601 greatly, at last;
(3) utilize a uplink receiving channel of having calibrated, will launch by RF-coupled line 620
The signal of radio-frequency front-end 600 outputs is coupled to receiving radio frequency front end 621, and is soft by multicarrier again
Part radio software radio receiver carries out if sampling after being mixed to intermediate frequency for 622 times, adopts
After the extraction of data process and filtering behind the sample, output baseband I, Q data;
(4) descending calibration computing 614 known I, Q data and the I that receives, the Q that will launch
Data compare, will be by regulating each software radio sender to the error between the two
Middle multi-channel digital upconverter DUC carries out phase alignment; And at the base band downlink wave beam
Formation and amplitude calibration are realized the amplitude of the two being calibrated compensate for emission in the unit 604
The current distortion of link.
In the multi-channel digital upconverter of described multiple carrier software radio sender, to the compensation of phase place inconsistency, treatment step is as follows:
(1) the multiple carrier software radio sender carries out the M road signal of baseband coding unit 210
Modulation, output I, Q signal also sent into comb shape series connection integration (CIC) decimation filter 402;
(2) carry out base band by 402 couples of I of comb shape series connection integration (CIC) decimation filter, Q signal
Filtering interpolation;
(3) I, Q signal from 402 outputs of comb shape series connection integration (CIC) decimation filter are carried out
The digital quadrature modulation obtains digital medium-frequency signal;
(4) with M way word intermediate-freuqncy signal through data output format converting unit 404 carry out addition and
Select parallel or serial output, pass through D/A conversion, bandpass filtering again after, obtain the M road
The analog if signal of carrier frequency;
(5) analog if signal being sent to front end of emission launches.
Use multiple carrier software radio transceiver of the present invention and utilize described multiple carrier software radio transceiver to improve the method for intelligent antenna performance, can effectively eliminate the width of cloth phase inconsistency and the dc error of each array element passage and I, Q signal, with respect to traditional smart antenna, its inconsistency reduces 1 to 2 order of magnitude.This is because owing to adopt digital if technology, replace Simulation with I, Q frequency conversion with digital I, Q frequency conversion, has reduced analog circuits such as baseband filtering, amplifying circuit simultaneously.Because the multicarrier data of same array element passage are handled by a slice broadband A-D converter ADC, digital-to-analog converter DAC, when amplifying, transmitting power amplifies by the multicarrier linear power amplifier, can reduce the hardware cost of receiving the software radio sender greatly.Software radio overloading R-T unit frequently can dispose by software flexible, make transceiver can be used for different communication standards, as GSM (Globe System for Mobilecommunication global system for mobile communications), CDMA (Code Division Multi-Access code division multiple access), WCDMA (Wideband Code DivisionMulti-Access Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)) etc., function is strengthened greatly.With multi-channel digital low-converter (DDC), multi-channel digital upconverter (DUC) hardware the uplink and downlink phase place inconsistency of each array element is calibrated, rather than make calibration in base band with software resembling in the past, speed height like this, occupying system resources is few, reduces the amount of calculation that the base band wave beam forms simultaneously.Multichannel DDC, DUC realize the synchronous and phase adjusted of each array element channel phases with hardware, thereby make the synthetic simplification greatly of uplink and downlink of intelligent antenna beam.Because a large amount of digital circuits of using replace analog circuit, flexibility and reliability height, the debugging amount reduces, and reliability increases.
Fig. 1 is a multiple carrier software radio receiver structure chart.
Fig. 2 is a multiple carrier software radio sender structure chart.
Fig. 3 is a multi-channel digital low-converter schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is a multi-channel digital upconverter schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the up calibrating principle figure of smart antenna.
Fig. 6 is smart antenna downlink calibrating principle figure.
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the multiple carrier software radio receiver comprises: a filter 100 is used for to carrying out filtering from single array element multicarrier analog signal; M road intermediate frequency receive path, wherein first via intermediate frequency receive path comprises a frequency mixer 101 and a reception local oscillator 105, is used for radio frequency analog signal is mixed in the quantification frequency band of intermediate frequency A-D converter ADC; Two arrowband Surface Acoustic Wave Filter 102,104 are used for the single carrier analog signal is carried out filtering; Between two arrowband Surface Acoustic Wave Filter 102,104 intermediate frequency amplifier 103 is arranged; All the other each road intermediate frequency receive paths are identical with first via structure, and the like; A broadband analog to digital converter 115 is used for M road intermediate-freuqncy signal is carried out analog-to-digital conversion; A multi-channel digital low-converter DDC116, it is made of M way word low-converter DDC.Referring to Fig. 3, every way word low-converter DDC structure is identical, is example with the first via, and digital down converter DDC comprises: multi-channel data input unit 300, plural number control local oscillator (NCO) 305 and digital I, Q quadrature demodulation unit 301 are used for two-way I, Q signal that the digital signal branch is orthogonal; Comb shape series connection integration (CIC) decimation filter 302 is used for I, Q signal are carried out CIC filtering and data pick-up; Programmable digital-filter 303 is used for I, Q signal are carried out digital filtering and data pick-up; Data output format converting unit 304 is carried out the serial or parallel conversion to each passage I, Q signal as required.All the other each roads, structure is identical, and the like.
Multichannel phase synchronously and phase bias regulon 305 is used for multi-carrier signal is carried out up phase alignment and wave beam synthesizes; Clock unit 106 is used for producing the transceiver system clock; Microprocessor 107 is used for finishing with software to the power-up initializing of transceiver and software radio receiver, software radio sender functional parameter are configured and revise; Device 108 able to programme is used for producing control, addressing and the timing signal that transceiver needs; Baseband decoding unit 117 is used for baseband I, the Q data of 116 outputs are decoded.
The quantified precision of above-mentioned multiple carrier software radio receiver A-D converter ADC is 14, and operating rate is 80MSPS, and it can be sampled at intermediate frequency 70MHz to multi-carrier signal, quantizes bandwidth greater than 20MHz.According to sampling thheorem, sampling rate is 4 times of signal bandwidth among the present invention, satisfies sampling request.For the example of a WCDMA, signal bandwidth is the 5MHz signal, and A-D converter ADC sampling back is by providing the processing gain that is approximately 101g (80M/5M)=12dB behind the digital down converter DDC digital filtering.
As shown in Figure 3, the operation principle of every way word low-converter DDC is identical among the multi-channel digital low-converter DDC, is that example is described below with the first via:
1. the if sampling data are carried out frequency spectrum shift, finish digital demodulation.
The digital medium-frequency signal that is input to a way word low-converter DDC is wherein moved base band by plural number control local oscillator (NCO) 305 and digital I, Q quadrature demodulation unit 301.The orthogonal local oscillation output signal of digital medium-frequency signal and NCO multiplies each other and can obtain digital I, Q signal.By software the numerical value of plural number control local oscillator NCO is carried out different being provided with and the intermediate-freuqncy signal of different frequency can be moved base band.The frequency numerical value of NCO (32) can calculate with following formula:
Wherein mod represents complementation, f
IFBe analog intermediate frequency signal frequency, f
SampSample frequency for ADC.Plural number NCO output: homophase road I (real part): cos (2* π * f
c* nT
s)
Positive cross-channel Q (imaginary part): sin (2* π * f
c* nT
s)
T wherein
sBe the input data sampling cycle
2. digital I, Q signal are carried out the CIC filtering extraction.
By I, the Q signal that plural number control local oscillator (NCO) 305 and digital I, Q quadrature demodulation unit 301 obtain, enter comb shape series connection integration (CIC) decimation filter 302 and carry out CIC filtering and data pick-up.This part is mainly finished when reducing data pass rate and is played anti-aliased effect again.Because the signal rate of digital down converter DDC output is certain, the input rate of programmable digital-filter 303 reduces behind adding comb shape series connection integration (CIC) decimation filter, the passband of digital filter and transition band can be done widelyer like this, suppress just can strengthen outside the band like this under the certain situation of programmable digital-filter progression.
3. digital I, Q signal are carried out filtering extraction.
Signal by 302 outputs of comb shape series connection integration (CIC) decimation filter is finished baseband filtering at decimation filter of digital 303.Digital filter has the irreplaceable function of analog filter, and it is a linear phase filter, and fluctuating in its exponent number, filtering bandwidth, the band, passband and stopband characteristic etc. can be realized by software.By the characteristic of software change digital filter, can make software radio receiver of the present invention be applied to different communication standards, as GSM, CDMA, WCDMA etc.
4. data based needs are carried out format conversion, select parallel or serial output.
Corresponding to different late-class circuits (the input data format is required different DSP), the dateout format conversion unit can be carried out the serial or parallel conversion to I, Q data, baseband I, Q signal that final output is satisfied the demand.
5. many array elements, multicarrier data phase are synchronously and phase adjusted
The different passages (the different carrier data of corresponding same array element) of multi-channel digital low-converter DDC and each multi-channel digital low-converter DDC (corresponding a plurality of array element data) in a plurality of software radio receiver are carried out synchronously, make the same carrier data of each array element passage have independent different phase place by the initial phase that changes each plural number control local oscillator NCO305 simultaneously, this just can realize that up multi-beam self adaptation is synthetic.By each passage plural number control local oscillator NCO initial phase is finely tuned, can also on hardware, carry out up phase alignment and realize in addition a plurality of carrier data passages of each array element.
As shown in Figure 2, the multiple carrier software radio sender comprises a baseband coding part 210; 1 multi-channel digital upconverter DUC211, DUC constitutes by M way word upconverter, referring to Fig. 4, every way word upconverter DUC structure is identical, the first via comprises multi-channel data input unit 400, and programmable digital-filter 401 is used for data are carried out interpolation and digital filtering; Comb shape series connection integration (CIC) interpolation filter 402 is used for I, Q signal are carried out CIC filtering and data interpolating; Numeral I, Q quadrature modulator 403 and plural number control local oscillator NCO405 are used for a digital signal quadrature modulation to digital intermediate frequency; Data output format converting unit 404 is carried out digital addition to multi-channel data as required and is selected parallel or serial output; Multichannel phase synchronously and phase bias regulon 406 is used for the multicarrier data phase is carried out descending phase alignment and wave beam synthesizes, the composition on all the other each roads, and the like.A broadband digital to analog converter DAC212 is used for M way word intermediate-freuqncy signal is carried out digital-to-analogue conversion; M road intermediate frequency transmission channel, every road intermediate frequency transmission channel structure is identical, and the first via comprises two arrowband Surface Acoustic Wave Filter 203,205, is used for intermediate frequency single carrier launching simulation signal is carried out filtering; One intermediate frequency amplifier 204 is arranged between two arrowband Surface Acoustic Wave Filter; A radio-frequency (RF) mixer 206 and an emission local oscillator 207 are used for intermediate-freuqncy signal is mixed to radio frequency, and all the other each line structures are identical with the first via, and the rest may be inferred.A clock unit 106 is used for producing the transceiver system clock; A microprocessor 107 is used for finishing with software to the power-up initializing of transceiver and the sender functional parameter is configured and revises; A device 108 able to programme is used for producing the needed control of transceiver, addressing and timing signal.
As shown in Figure 4, behind the M road signal process programmable digital-filter filtering interpolation of multiple carrier software radio sender with baseband coding unit 210, I, the Q signal of output sent into comb shape series connection integration interpolation filter, the I of comb shape series connection integration interpolation filter output, the percent of pass of Q signal can increase than its input data transfer rate, the multiple that improves can be provided with, the frequency of plural number control local oscillator NCO also can be provided with, and the specific design value of NCO can be determined by following formula:
F wherein
IFCorresponding digital medium-frequency signal, CLK is the operating rate of NCO.M way word intermediate-freuqncy signal is carried out addition through data output format converting unit 404 and is selected parallel or serial output thereafter, pass through D/A conversion, bandpass filtering again after, just obtained the analog if signal of M road carrier frequency.Each multichannel DUC (corresponding a plurality of array element data) in a plurality of software radio senders of each passage of multi-channel digital upconverter DUC211 (the multicarrier data of corresponding single array element) makes the same carrier data of each array element passage have independent different phase place by the initial phase that changes each plural number control local oscillator NCO, and this just can realize that descending multi-beam self adaptation is synthetic.By being controlled local oscillator NCO initial phase, each passage plural number finely tunes in addition, and to descending line phase to calibrate to a plurality of carrier data passages of each array element.
The operating frequency of multi-channel digital low-converter DUC is 65MHz, the quantified precision of digital-to-analog converter DAC is 14, operating rate is 130MSPS, and digital-to-analog converter DAC carries out digital-to-analogue conversion to multiple carrier digital signal at intermediate frequency 70MHz, and the switching signal bandwidth is greater than 20MHz.
In order further to improve the amplitude-phase consistency of smart antenna, also must calibrate smart antenna.Be aligned in system's particular calibration time and finish, take a transceiver channel of system this moment, and it is calibrated each array element passage of smart antenna under each carrier frequency.
In the process of up calibration and descending calibration, the course of work on each road is identical, all is that the example division is as follows below with the first via:
During up calibration, up calibrating signal and array-element antenna are put together to reduce transmission cable length.Calibrating signal is single CF signal, and should be able to carry out frequency sweep in whole frequency acceptance band, all can calibrate the width of cloth phase inconsistency of each array element like this under each carrier frequency.Must calibrate in two steps, each array element calibrate process can be carried out to the time-division.
At first measure the error that up calibration circuit itself is introduced with network analyzer, this be because up calibrating signal by with behind phase power splitter 515 such as the width of cloth and the coupler 514, the amplitude of each channel signal, phase place are variant slightly, must make compensation to this difference.Network analyzer is connected between A point and calibrating signal, tests transmission gain and phase shift parameters (S that each array element calibrating signal is ordered to A
21), the result after will testing then leaves, and introduces error as known up calibration.Second test carried out between the I behind calibrating signal and the baseband decoding, the Q data: the program of base band operation is not only measured the difference between the I of each software radio receiver passage own, Q signal, also measures the difference of each software radio receiver interchannel I or Q signal simultaneously.For N different array element branch roads all with measured.Phase place, amplitude at 504 pairs of each array element branch roads of up calibration computing compare, and calibrate the phase place inconsistency of each array element branch road by the phase deviation of regulating multichannel DDC in each software radio receiver.Multi-channel digital low-converter DDC less than 0.006 °, can be competent at the phase alignment required precision to the digital trimming of phase place fully.
As shown in Figure 5, the weighted factor of all the other all branch roads during up the calibration except that want branch road all is set to maximum attenuation, at this moment, a up calibrating signal 517 is joined in the amplifier 516, and by being divided into phase power splitters 515 such as the width of cloth in each input that N road signal is coupled to N array element array antenna.Array antenna is made of N array element circle battle array or linear array, and each array element is handled M carrier data, the corresponding multiple carrier software radio transceiver of each array element and a multicarrier linear power amplifier; Calibrating signal is by receiving radio frequency front end 501 and low noise amplifier 502, carries out analog-to-digital conversion and digital I, Q quadrature demodulation by the wireless receiver 503 of multiple carrier software.The I of output, Q data are carried out the width of cloth between each array element and I, Q, the calculating of phase inconsistency by up calibration computing 504, result calculated is carried out phase alignment by multichannel DDC in each software radio receiver, realizes that in formation of base band uplink beam and amplitude calibration unit 505 carries out the amplitude software calibration simultaneously.Base band uplink beam amplitude calibration weights carry out computing with the wave beam weight that calculating is good in advance and form final wave beam weight, and compensation receives the current distortion of link.
As shown in Figure 6, also according to this each array element branch of smart antenna is calibrated during descending calibration, and utilize a receive path of having calibrated.It is smart antenna downlink calibrating principle figure that Fig. 6 has provided what have N receive path, here as an example, a leftmost transmission channel among Fig. 6 is calibrated: the descending calibrating signal specific to certain array element that the base band downlink wave beam forms and amplitude calibration realization unit 604 forms realizes that by multiple carrier software radio software sender and the calibration of descending line phase unit 603 carries out digital interpolative, filtering and I, the Q quadrature is mixed to digital intermediate frequency, and carry out analog-to-digital conversion by DAC and become analog if signal, carry out power amplification by the multicarrier linear power amplifier again, be fed to antenna 600 by emission radio-frequency front-end 601 at last.By RF-coupled line 620 antenna 600 input end signals are coupled to receiving radio frequency front end 621, after being mixed to intermediate frequency under the multiple carrier software radio receiver 622 (as shown in Figure 1), carry out if sampling again, sampling clock is by extracting in the main system, so that keep the accuracy of sampled signal phase place.After the extraction of data process and filtering after the sampling, output baseband I, Q data.The known I that descending calibration computing 614 will be launched, Q data and the I that receives, Q data compare, multichannel DUC calibrates the phase place inconsistency in each software radio sender by regulating, multi-channel digital upconverter DUC less than 0.006 °, can be competent at the phase alignment required precision to the digital trimming of phase place fully.Use in 604 simultaneously amplitude is calibrated, downlink beamforming amplitude calibration weights carry out suitable computing with the wave beam weight that calculating is good in advance and form final wave beam weight, the current distortion of compensate for emission link.
Smart antenna based on multiple carrier software radio reception, multiple carrier software radio sender and Linear Power Amplifier technology, with software and hardware its width of cloth phase inconsistency is calibrated, may ultimately reach good amplitude-phase consistency: the amplitude inconsistency＜0.5dB between each array element path of uplink and downlink and I, Q data, phase place inconsistency＜1 °.
Claims (10)
1 one kinds of multiple carrier software radio receivers, it is characterized in that, comprise: broadband filter (100), M road intermediate frequency receive path, broadband analog to digital converter (115), multi-channel digital low-converter (116), baseband decoding unit (117), clock unit (106), microprocessor (107), device able to programme (108);
Wherein, all there is identical structure on each road in the intermediate frequency receive path of M road, all is made up of frequency mixer, reception local oscillator, Surface Acoustic Wave Filter, amplifier, Surface Acoustic Wave Filter;
After M road radio frequency analog signal process filter (100) filtering that the radio-frequency front-end low noise amplifier comes, send into M road intermediate frequency receive path, through mixing, filtering, amplification, filtering is handled successively again, then M road signal is sent into broadband A-D converter (115), again digital signal is sent into multi-channel digital low-converter (116) and finished digital filtering and data pick-up, at last the digital signal that extracts is sent into the baseband decoding unit and decode each road signal;
Clock unit (106) is connected with broadband A-D converter (115), multi-channel digital low-converter (116), baseband decoding unit (117), device able to programme (108), for it provides system clock;
Microprocessor (107) is connected with multi-channel digital low-converter (116), device able to programme (108), finishes with software to the power-up initializing of transceiver and to receiving system, the configuration of emitter functional parameter and modification;
Device able to programme (108) is connected with multi-channel digital low-converter (116), baseband decoding unit (117), is used for producing control, addressing and the timing signal that transceiver needs.
2 multiple carrier software radio receivers as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: multi-channel digital low-converter (116), constitute by M way word low-converter, wherein every way word low-converter all has identical structure, every way word low-converter is by the multi-channel data input unit, numeral I, Q quadrature demodulation unit, plural number control local oscillator NCO, synchronous and the phase bias regulon of multichannel phase, comb shape series connection integration decimation filter, programmable digital-filter, and data output format converting unit formation, wherein multi-channel data input unit and data output format converting unit are share by the M road;
Send into digital I, Q quadrature demodulation unit from the signal that the multi-channel data input unit comes out, in plural number control local oscillator, synchronously and under the control of phase bias regulon digital I, Q signal are carried out quadrature demodulation with multichannel phase, signal after the demodulation is sent into comb shape series connection integration decimation filter, and then send into programmable digital-filter, send into the data output format converting unit at last, after format conversion, export.
3 multiple carrier software radio receivers as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the quantified precision of A-D converter (115) is 14, and operating rate is 80MSPS, and the output signal centre frequency is 70MHz, quantizes bandwidth greater than 20MHz.
4 one kinds of multiple carrier software radio senders, it is characterized in that, comprise: baseband coding unit (210), multi-channel digital upconverter (211), broadband digital to analog converter (212), clock unit (106), microprocessor (107), device able to programme (108), M road intermediate frequency transmission channel, and filter (208);
Wherein, each road in the intermediate frequency transmission channel of M road all has identical structure, all is made up of Surface Acoustic Wave Filter, amplifier, Surface Acoustic Wave Filter, frequency mixer, emission local oscillator;
Clock unit (106) is connected with baseband coding unit (210), multi-channel digital upconverter (211), broadband digital-to-analog converter (212), device able to programme (108), for it provides system clock;
Microprocessor (107) and device able to programme (108), multi-channel digital upconverter (211), the power-up initializing of finishing transceiver reach software radio receiver, the configuration of software radio sender functional parameter and modification;
Device able to programme (108) is connected with baseband coding unit (210), multi-channel digital upconverter (211), is used for producing control, addressing and the timing signal that transceiver needs;
The software radio sender is encoded base band M way word baseband signal through baseband coding unit (210) after, send into multi-channel digital upconverter (211) and carry out upconversion process, and then send into broadband digital-to-analog converter (212) and carry out digital to analog conversion, again the M road analog signal that obtains is sent into M road intermediate frequency transmission channel and carry out filtering, amplification, filtering again, Frequency mixing processing successively, at last mixed frequency signal is sent into filter (208), deliver to the multicarrier linear power amplifier from the signal that filter (208) comes out, then emission.
5 multiple carrier software radio senders as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the multi-channel digital upconverter, constitute by M way word upconverter, wherein every way word upconverter all has identical structure, each way word upconverter is all by the multi-channel data input unit, programmable digital-filter, comb shape series connection integration interpolation filter, numeral I, Q quadrature modulator and plural number control local oscillator, and according to output format converting unit formation, wherein multi-channel data input unit and data output format converting unit are share by the M road;
The signal that comes out from the multi-channel data input unit passes through the processing of programmable digital-filter, interpolation filter successively, send into digital I, Q quadrature modulator, this modulator reaches under the control of phase bias regulon synchronously in plural number control local oscillator and multichannel phase, carry out digital I, Q quadrature modulation, then modulated signal is sent into the data output format converting unit.
6 multiple carrier software radio senders as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the quantified precision of digital-to-analog converter (212) is 14, and operating rate is 130MSPS, and the output signal centre frequency is 65MHz, quantizes bandwidth greater than 20MHz.
7 utilize multiple carrier software radio receiver as claimed in claim 1 to improve the method for intelligent antenna performance, it is characterized in that: when improving the up amplitude-phase consistency of smart antenna, handle the first step in two steps: at first measure the error that up calibration circuit itself is introduced with network analyzer; Second step: the smart antenna up-link is calibrated, and its treatment step is as follows:
(1) weighted factor of each array element branch road is set;
(2) introduce up calibrating signal (517), be divided into N road signal again and be coupled to N array element array sky
Line;
(3) calibrating signal is by receiving radio frequency front end (501) and low noise amplifier (502), by overloading
Ripple radio software radio receiver carries out analog-to-digital conversion and digital I, Q quadrature demodulation;
(4) I of multi-carrier radio software radio receiver output, Q data are by up calibration calculations
Unit (504) carries out the width of cloth, the phase inconsistency is calculated, and result calculated does not have by each software
Multichannel DDC carries out phase alignment in the line electricity receiver, simultaneously at the base band uplink beam
Formation and amplitude calibration realize that unit (505) carries out amplitude calibration;
(5) base band uplink beam amplitude calibration weights are transported with the wave beam weight that calculating is good in advance
Calculate and form final wave beam weight, compensation receives the current distortion of link.
8 methods as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the step (4) in second step is as follows to the treatment step of phase place inconsistency compensation in the multi-channel digital low-converter of multiple carrier software radio receiver:
(1) the if sampling data is carried out frequency spectrum shift, finish digital I, Q demodulation;
(2) digital I, Q signal are carried out the CIC filtering extraction;
(3) digital I, Q signal are carried out filtering extraction;
(4) data based needs are carried out format conversion, select parallel or serial output;
(5) many array elements, multicarrier data phase are synchronously and phase adjusted.
9 utilize multiple carrier software radio sender as claimed in claim 4 to improve the method for intelligent antenna performance, and it is characterized in that: when improving the smart antenna downlink amplitude-phase consistency, utilize a data feedback channel of having calibrated, treatment step is as follows:
(1) forms and amplitude calibration realizes that unit (604) produces certain array element at the base band downlink wave beam
Specific descending calibrating signal;
(2) realize single by multiple carrier software radio software radio sender and the calibration of descending line phase
Unit (603) carries out digital interpolative, filtering and I, Q quadrature is mixed to number calibrating signal
The word intermediate frequency, digital-to-analogue conversion becomes analog if signal, carries out power by the multicarrier linear power amplifier again
Amplify, be fed to antenna (600) by emission radio-frequency front-end (601) at last;
(3) utilize a uplink receiving channel of having calibrated, will by RF-coupled line (620)
The signal of emission radio-frequency front-end (600) output is coupled to receiving radio frequency front end (621), again
Laggard by being mixed to intermediate frequency under the multiple carrier software radio software radio receiver (622)
The row if sampling, after the extraction of data process and filtering after the sampling, output baseband I, Q number
According to;
(4) descending calibration computing (614) known I, Q data and the I that receives that will launch,
The Q data compare, and will post a letter by regulating each software radio to the error between the two
Multi-channel digital upconverter DUC carries out phase alignment in the machine; And at the descending ripple of base band
Bundle forms and amplitude calibration is realized in the unit (604) amplitude of the two being calibrated, and mends
Repay the current distortion of transmitting chain.
10 methods as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: as follows to the treatment step of phase place inconsistency compensation in the multi-channel digital upconverter of step (4) multiple carrier software radio sender:
(1) the multiple carrier software radio sender M road signal that baseband coding unit (210) are next
Modulate, output I, Q signal also sent into comb shape series connection integration decimation filter (402);
(2) I, Q signal are carried out the filtering interpolation of base band by comb shape series connection integration decimation filter (402);
(3) I, Q signal from comb shape series connection integration decimation filter (402) output are carried out numeral
Quadrature modulation obtains digital medium-frequency signal;
(4) M way word intermediate-freuqncy signal is carried out phase through data output format converting unit (404)
Add and select parallel or serial output, pass through D/A conversion, bandpass filtering again after, obtain
The analog if signal of M road carrier frequency;
(5) analog if signal being sent to front end of emission launches.
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