CN1329949A - Composite material of waste and its preparing process - Google Patents

Abstract

A composite material is prepared from industrial and agricultural wastes, including thermoplastic waste (51-64%), waste solid dregs (filler) (35-48%) and industrial waste liquid (additive) (1-2%) through screening, crushing, mixing, smelting and die pressing. It can be used as the substitute of wood, steel, plastics, or ceramics while reduce environmental pollution.

Description

Composite material of waste and preparation method thereof

The present invention relates to a kind of composite and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of composite material of waste and preparation method thereof.

To produce not only serious environment pollution of a large amount of discarded objects in industrial and agricultural production every day and the life, and also cause the waste of a large amount of available resources, the best approach that addresses these problems is with these castoff regenerative utilizations.Chinese patent literature disclosed " waste sand-slag composite and production method thereof " (90102171.7); its material characteristic is the solid slag of 50-80%; the thermoplasticity discarded object of 20-50%; the thermosets of 0.1-3%; its production is characterised in that earlier the raw material activation processing; be twisted into granule with a machine again, back die mould cooling.The composite technology of producing with this patent is complicated, and cost is higher.

The objective of the invention is to propose the new technical scheme of a kind of composite material of waste and preparation method thereof.

Technical scheme of the present invention is to implement like this, composite material of waste, mainly make by the thermoplasticity discarded object in the agriculture and industry waste and solid slag and waste liquid extract, it is characterized in that this material is made up of 100% agriculture and industry waste, thermoplasticity discarded object (matrix) comprising 51%-64%, the solid slag of 35-48% (filler), the industrial wastes of 1-2% (additive).

The preparation method of composite material of waste, be mainly screening, fragmentation, mixing, fusion and extrusion modling, it is characterized in that the fragmentation of thermoplastic discarded object makes the surface crinkled particle is arranged, the broken back of solid slag (filler) produces fresh surface, and the concrete grammar of preparation is:

(1) solid slag (filler) screening, fragmentation, thermoplasticity discarded object (matrix) enters disintegrating machine, and being broken into the surface has crinkled particle, industrial wastes sedimentation, filtration, absorption,

(2) all kinds of waste materials after handling enter batch mixer in proportion and mix, the solid slag after the pulverizing embed the thermoplasticity discarded object particle of handling crinkled in,

(3) batch mixing enters synthesizer and is extruding with the state of sticky not moulding after the fusion under the 180-250 ℃ of temperature,

(4) material of extruding is spread in the metal pattern, uses the forcing press extrusion forming, and pressure is 1MPa-15MPa, and the dwell time is 5-30 minute, and cooling die obtains the composite material of waste finished product simultaneously.

Agriculture and industry waste described in the technical scheme of the present invention is antiquated sand, waste residue, house refuse, useless agricultural film, discarded various plastic products.The thermoplasticity discarded object of 51-64% is waste plastics, rubber and other organic matter.The solid slag of 35-48% is industrial antiquated sand, waste residue.The industrial waste oil mixed liquor of the industrial wastes of 1-2% for handling.

Composite is that two or more the material with different performance is composited by certain technology, generally includes two parts: matrix (continuous phase) and packing material (decentralized photo), plastic refuse, rubber discarded object etc. can be used as matrix material.Industrial residues such as antiquated sand, cullet, slag, useless fiber can be used as packing material.

Composite of the present invention, its raw material comprises three classes: the first kind is the solid waste that produces in the industrial processes; Second class is agricultural and city plastic sheeting and other plastic refuse, and this two classes material accounts for more than 98% of gross weight; The 3rd class accounts for the 1-2% of gross weight, is the cheap raw material of producing from various industrial waste oil mixed liquors.

In first and second above-mentioned class raw material, it is the industrial solid waste residue that 35-48% is arranged, as cast waste sand, metallurgical slag, fuel waste residue, mining slag etc., they are packing materials of composite, the various thermoplasticity waste or used plastics that 51-64% is arranged, as discarded polyethylene agricultural mulching, awning film and other plastic products etc., they are used as the matrix material of composite, when thermoplasticity waste or used plastics degree of aging and contaminated degree were serious, then this material was got the upper limit of percentage.

The 3rd class raw material accounts for 1-2%, it is the cheap raw material of from various waste liquids, producing, such raw material is with industrial waste oil such as machinery oil, transformer oil, I. C. engine oil, steam turbine oil and compressor wet goods, use the flocculating agent sedimentation, vacuum filtration, operations such as carclazyte absorption are handled, and become the mixture of being made up of alkane, cycloalkane, aromatic hydrocarbon and the derivative nitrogenous, that contain oxygen, sulfur-bearing of 16-20 carbon atom.Add this class additive and can further strengthen adhesion between solid slag material and waste plastics and other waste organic matter, increase the mechanical performance of composite, hot flowability etc., can also play surface-active, group chelation.

Owing to account for weight first and second class raw material more than 98% in the material of the present invention, it is the solid waste that every profession and trade produces, so go up with various organic or inorganic impurity on its surface, thereby had a strong impact on combining between matrix material and the packing material, and then the various performances of composite have been influenced.So need in the waste plastics shattering process, to be crumpled and dedusting; Inorganic matters such as antiquated sand, slag, slag need carry out certain preliminary treatment, as broken, screening, and particle are rubbed mutually to strengthen its surface-active.

The manufacturing process of this composite is as follows:

The various waste or used plastics letter sortings of collecting are sorted out, entered crusher in crushing after cleaning, the drying.Be broken into fragment less than 15mm, in this process, friction mutually between the fragment, be adsorbed on grit on the fragment to remove because of electrostatic interaction, a period of time subsequently, Po Sui waste plastic film and other plastic refuse are owing to rotating the heat that friction produces at a high speed, and the further shrinkage surface of quilt has crinkled as the tealeaves shape, and this shape can help embedding waste particle.The key of this procedure is: the broken time must strict control, should guarantee that time enough makes waste plastics broken to enough little, prevents that again the chien shih waste plastics is formed agglomerate because of frictional heat when long.The general broken time is 50-60 minute.

The industrial residue of collecting is carried out fragmentation, screening, allow inoganic solids waste residues such as antiquated sand, slag, slag under the effect of regenerating device and synthesizer shearing force, obtain strong rubbing and grind effect, destroyed the systematicness combination of material surface atom, produced fresh surface, and under the effect of some additive, formed and have surface-active filler.The particles of inorganic material material also must have certain particle and distribute, oarse-grained slit is clogged by granule, and short grained slit is by littler grain packing, particle successively decreases successively, until being piled into maximal density, its effect both can increase the hardness, elastic modelling quantity, compression strength etc. of obtained material, can reduce the consumption of thermoplastic polymer again, reduced cost.General granularity is below 70 orders.Waste plastics (matrix material) after handling, solid slag (packing material) added by certain proportioning enter batch mixer behind the additive and mix.When the waste plastics fragment that is the tealeaves shape when solid slag particulate material such as antiquated sand, slag, slag and shrinkage mixes, these inorganic particulate pellets can be embedded in waste plastics fragment crinkled firmly, not can carry and later operation in sink to the bottom, make the composite quality that finally makes even.The above-mentioned batch mixing that mixes is poured into the composite synthesizer, and waste plastics is plastified and modification, in the progradation of synthesizer, mixes with the inorganic particulate pellet fully, makes each inorganic particulate pellet surface all be coated one deck thermoplastic polymer.Batch mixing is melt into thick extruding under 250C ° of temperature.The material of extruding is spread in the metal die, used the forcing press extrusion forming, pressurize is the cool metal mould simultaneously, takes out composite product, and general pressure is 1MPa-15MPa, and the dwell time decides on size, the thickness of product, is generally 5-30 minute.

Composite of the present invention had both kept the intrinsic performance of raw material, possessed not available new performance in the raw material again, can be in application fields Dai Mu, Dai Gang, generation mould, for porcelain etc.This material not only can consume dissimilar discarded objects significantly, resource such as save valuable steel, wood, mould, and also have the very strong market competitiveness.Because the cost of composite material of waste is than much lower by the first resource cost of adopting, complicated procedures of forming such as choosing, smelting obtain, solved the problem of environmental pollution that solid waste is brought, saved the first resource of various preciousnesses again, also reduced manufacturing cost, having tangible environment, society, economic three big benefits, is one of rare material that possesses environment compatibility.

Embodiment

One, raw material

Waste and old agricultural mulching or other plastic refuse 58%, cast waste sand 40%, used oil 2%

Two, technology

1, with behind waste and old agricultural mulching or other plastic refuse cleaning-drying, be broken into less than the 15mm surface and be full of the crinkled particle that is the tealeaves shape,

2, will sieve after the cast waste sand fragmentation, general granularity is controlled at below 70 orders,

3, used oil is with the agent sedimentation of wadding a quilt with cotton with fixed attention, vacuum filtration, carclazyte adsorption treatment,

4, thermoplastic, cast waste sand, the used oil after will handling mixes, waste residue embed handle overheated plastic waste particle crinkled in,

5, pour batch mixing into synthesizer, under 250 ℃ of temperature, extrude,

6, extruded stock is spread in the metal die, extrusion forming, pressure is the 2MPa handkerchief, and the dwell time is 25 minutes, and cooling die takes out composite product.

Three, performance

Bending strength＞20MPa

Impact strength＞1.0J/cm ²

Compression strength＞30MPa

Tensile strength＞15MPa

Elastic modelling quantity＞1000MPa

Water absorption rate＜1%

Density 1.3-1.7g/cm ³

The artificial accelerated aging time limit＞15 year

Alternate freezing and thawing circulation 25 times

Intensity rate of descent≤10%

Alternation of wetting and drying circulation 25 times

Intensity rate of descent rate≤10%

Soaked 48 hours in 20% sulfuric acid solution, mass loss is less than 1%

Soaked 48 hours in 20% hydrogen nitrogen solution, mass loss is less than 1%.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of composite material of waste, mainly make by the thermoplasticity discarded object in the agriculture and industry waste and solid slag and waste liquid extract, it is characterized in that this material is made up of 100% agriculture and industry waste, thermoplasticity discarded object (matrix) comprising 51%-64%, the solid slag of 35-48% (filler), the industrial wastes of 1-2% (additive).

2, composite material of waste as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described agriculture and industry waste is antiquated sand, waste residue, house refuse, useless agricultural film, discarded various plastic products.

3, composite material of waste as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the thermoplasticity discarded object of 51-64% is waste plastics, rubber and other organic matter.

4, composite material of waste as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the solid slag of 35-48% is industrial antiquated sand, waste residue.

5, composite material of waste as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the industrial waste oil mixed liquor of the industrial wastes of 1-2% for handling.

6, composite material of waste as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the mixed liquor of the industrial waste oil mixture of handling for useless machinery oil, transformer oil, I. C. engine oil, steam turbine oil and compressor wet goods are obtained through sedimentation, filtration and adsorption treatment.

7, the preparation method of composite material of waste, be mainly screening, fragmentation, mixing, fusion and extrusion modling, it is characterized in that the fragmentation of thermoplastic discarded object makes the surface crinkled particle is arranged, the broken back of solid slag (filler) produces fresh surface, and the concrete grammar of preparation is:

(1) solid slag (filler) screening, fragmentation, thermoplasticity discarded object (matrix) enters disintegrating machine, and being broken into the surface has crinkled particle, industrial wastes sedimentation, filtration, absorption,

(2) all kinds of waste materials after handling enter batch mixer in proportion and mix, the solid slag after the pulverizing embed the thermoplasticity discarded object particle of handling crinkled in,

(3) batch mixing enters synthesizer and is extruding with the state of sticky not moulding after the fusion under the 180-250 ℃ of temperature,

(4) material of extruding is spread in the metal pattern, uses the forcing press extrusion forming, and pressure is 1MPa-15MPa, and the dwell time is 5-30 minute, and cooling die obtains the composite material of waste finished product simultaneously.

8, production method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that the thermoplasticity discarded object is broken into the surface and has crinkled particle to enter film breaking machine for the thermoplasticity discarded object, forms with phase mutual friction, tearing, shearing, fragmentation and temperature distortion.