CN1329622C - 一种利用置换工具的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
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- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/001—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor specially adapted for underwater drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/01—Risers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/035—Well heads; Setting-up thereof specially adapted for underwater installations
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Abstract
一种用于置换隔水管(12)内液体的方法和装置,所述隔水管(12)应用于海洋石油开采中,其中隔水管(12)在海底(6)表面或者上方的井口(4)与钻井船(1)之间形成连接,其中主体(30)用来保持液体分开,主体(30)沿隔水管(12)纵向移动。
Description
本发明涉及一种防止隔水管中液体混合的方法,所述隔水管应用在海洋石油开采中。本发明还包括一种实现该方法的装置。
在海洋石油开采钻探工作初期,井口通常设置在海底井的开口上方。井口和井套管密封相通,井口装有必要的防喷器(BOPs)和连接器,用于其他物体中的连接井口和海洋表面钻井船的隔水管。在钻探阶段,井和隔水管中充满钻井泥浆。
钻杆/钻柱的下末端部分设有钻头,所述钻杆/钻柱通过隔水管从钻井船、井口以及再往井下面的井套管直到钻探发生的井底运动。钻井泥浆从钻杆往钻头下循环,从它流经的地方将钻粉送回到位于钻杆和套管/隔水管之间环状区域内的钻井船中。
隔水管通常设有若干外部的较小的管子(阻塞和截断管子),所述管子平行延伸向隔水管并且它们的上部末端部分连接到钻井船的处理设备上,它们的下部末端部分在防喷器之间连接到井口。管子可以用于例如置换井内的钻井泥浆。隔水管表面通常为大气压,当井压增加到隔水管必须要关闭以阻止不期望的钻井泥浆流出时,可以采用例如管子来代替井中的钻井泥浆。
在钻探中遇到例如不好的天气,必然使钻井船与井断开连接。在这种断开的情况下,通常需要依靠适当的工具来将钻井船位于井口以下的部分吊出来。位于吊架工具以上的钻杆部分从它断开连接并且被拔起。井口阀门关闭,因此将井内钻杆的下部关闭。因此,没有必要将整个钻杆***,那样很费时间。
在钻杆的下部被拔出和在井内关闭后,钻杆的上部从井口拔出。然而,在隔水管从井口断开以前,存在于隔水管内的钻井泥浆必须用水来置换。置换泥浆的目的是为了保护井内泥浆和防止污染环境。通常通过外部的较小的管子向井口下注入水来实现,因此水将隔水管内的钻井泥浆置换到钻井船的收集容器中。然后隔水管和井口断开。
在隔水管中的流体置换中存在一个问题,在两种流体的接触区域存在相当的流体混合物。因此钻井泥浆污染水体。净化或者销毁这种污染了的钻井泥浆相对昂贵。
本发明的目的是为了克服现有方法的缺陷。
该目的依照下面说明书和如下权利要求书中描述的特征来实现。
当钻井船和井口分离时,可能在吊架工具附近,钻柱设有活塞或者其他装置来保持流体分开。活塞可能组成吊架工具的一部分。活塞的外径适应于隔水管的内径,活塞上、优选沿***装有材料,当隔水管内进行置换时用来阻止流体流过活塞。当带有所述活塞的钻杆和隔水管下面的吊架工具进行置换时,活塞置换存在于隔水管内的钻井泥浆。置换出来的钻井泥浆从一个或多个隔水管上的向外定位的较小管子流出。活塞以上的管子容积用水来补充。当钻杆的下部从井口中拔出、钻杆上部与吊架工具断开时,可能存在于钻杆上部的钻井泥浆也可以一次一个的通过同一较小的管子与水进行置换。因此,较小的管子也被水充满。井口的关闭装置之一关闭吊架工具上部和钻杆下部。然后将活塞连同钻杆上部拔出。接着隔水管和较小的管子与井口断开连接。
当钻井船和井口重新连接时,隔水管和较小的管子连接到井口,井口后面的活塞重新装到井口以及吊架工具的连接器装置。吊架工具的连接器装置然后连接到吊架工具。存在于隔水管和井口连接区域之间的水进出循环导致钻井泥浆被向下泵到与井口最底下部分相连的较小的管子中,然后通过其他较小的管子向上返回到钻井船中。然后当活塞和吊架工具以及钻杆从隔水管中拔出时,对隔水管补充钻井泥浆。存在于隔水管中的清水流出,没有被进入的钻井泥浆污染。在钻探继续之前,在钻杆拔出到钻井船之后,将活塞和吊架工具拆除。用来保持液体分开的活塞或另外的装置当然可以相应的方式应用在没有吊架工具的场合。
根据现有技术,活塞本身组成一个密封的元件。例如,除了活塞本体以外,活塞可以包括一个相对短的钻杆,从活塞本体延伸出去,在它的末端部分设有和钻杆相配的螺纹。在活塞***设有弹性材料,用来保证隔水管内进行密封的置换。
如果需要,活塞上可以设有一个或多个流量控制阀门和/或检测阀门。
下面参照附图,说明一个优选实施例的非限制的例子,其中,
图1是钻井船通过隔水管和海底的井口连接的钻井船的示意图;
图2是井口的剖面示意图,其中吊架工具和这种正被讨论的活塞与钻杆相连,并且位于井口正上方的隔水管内;
图3是图1井口的剖面示意图,但是这里的吊架工具已经和井口毗邻;
图4是图1井口的剖面示意图,但是那里的活塞和钻杆的上部已经和吊架工具断开连接;
图5是图1井口的剖面示意图,但是这里井口的一个关闭门已经关闭井口的上开口、隔水管和较小的管子已经和井口断开连接。
图中,附图标记1表示位于海洋表面2的钻井船。井口4位于海底6,并且和井8的套管10密封连接。隔水管12和井口密封连接,并且向上穿过海水延伸到钻井船1的连接器/处理装置14。较小的管子16,16′(阻塞和压井管子)从钻井船1的连接器/处理装置14平行隔水管12向下延伸到井口4,在井口较小的管子在适当的位点(可能通过没有显示出来的阀门)穿过孔16,16′和井口的内腔相连接。井口设有多个阀门,显示出来的是其中的一个关闭阀门18,18′。井口4进一步设有底盘20。
从钻井船1向下延伸的钻杆22位于隔水管12和井8内。吊架工具24通过连接器26,26′安装在钻杆22上。
到目前为止,说明书描述的所有装置本身都是公知的。
活塞30包括相对短的钻杆32,活塞本体34通过连接器26′,26′安装在钻杆22上。活塞34的外径适应于隔水管12的内径,可以设有弹性材料密封垫36,36′,当活塞30移动到隔水管12内时用来密封隔水管12的内径。
当隔水管12和较小的管子16,16′与井口4断开连接时,钻杆被拔出,拔出的长度至少与钻探地点的海洋深度相对应。吊架工具24和活塞30安装在钻杆22的两个区域之间。然后放下带有连接的吊架工具24和活塞30的钻杆22,参见图2。在放下活塞30的过程中,隔水管12内活塞30以下的钻井泥浆被置换,通过较小的管子16,16′向上流到钻井船。对活塞30以上的隔水管部分补充水。
当吊架工具24接近井口4的底座20时,活塞30位于井口4的正上方,参见图3。因此,隔水管12内钻井泥浆的主要部分已经被置换了。
活塞30和钻杆22的上部从吊架工具24断开连接,参见图4。为了保证钻杆22的上部末端没有钻井泥浆,如果需要的话可以向下泵水,然后首先通过一根较小的管子16然后通过另外一根较小的管子16′流回。可选的,可以通过一根较小的管子16′向下泵水并且通过另外一根较小的管子16返回,由此存在于较小的管子16,16′和井口4中的钻井泥浆被返回到钻井船1。
然后井口4的关闭阀门18,18′关闭,隔水管和较小的管子16,16′与井口8断开连接,参见附图5。
如上所述,当钻探重新开始时,液体替换又开始进行,不过是相反的顺序,其中钻井泥浆通过较小的管子16′向下泵,在那里较小的管子16,16′和井口4中的水通过较小的管子16向外循环。循环重新开始,所以在活塞30被移动到隔水管12上部的时候补充钻井泥浆。
根据本发明的方法大幅度的减少了净化和销毁污染的钻井泥浆需要。因此本申请方法具有可观的经济和环境效益。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于置换隔水管(12)内液体的方法,所述隔水管(12)应用于海洋石油开采中,隔水管(12)在海底(6)表面或者上方的井口(4)与钻井船(1)之间形成连接,钻杆(22)从钻井船(1)向下延伸,其特征在于,用来保持液体分开并且连接到钻杆(22)上的主体(30)连同钻杆(22)的至少一个部分一起沿隔水管(12)的纵向移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于钻杆(22)从钻井船(1)向下延伸时穿过井口(4)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于由主体(30)从隔水管(12)中置换出来的液体通过一根或多根管子(16,16′)流到钻井船(1)中。
4.一种利用隔水管(12)的装置,所述隔水管(12)应用于海洋石油开采中,隔水管(12)在海底(6)表面或者上方的井口(4)与钻井船(1)之间形成连接,其特征在于,主体(30)可移动地密封隔水管(12)的内壁,主体(30)位于隔水管(12)上并且和钻杆(22)连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于主体(30)和吊架工具(24)连接,和/或组成吊架工具(24)的一个部分。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/NO2002/000289 WO2004018832A1 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2002-08-21 | A method and device by a displacement tool |
Publications (2)
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CN1688790A CN1688790A (zh) | 2005-10-26 |
CN1329622C true CN1329622C (zh) | 2007-08-01 |
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CNB028297881A Expired - Fee Related CN1329622C (zh) | 2002-08-21 | 2002-08-21 | 一种利用置换工具的方法和装置 |
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US (1) | US7389818B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1329622C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002324372B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0215847A (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2409223B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004018832A1 (zh) |
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NO325898B1 (no) * | 2005-09-15 | 2008-08-11 | M I Swaco Norge As | Skilleanordning |
EP2016254B1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2017-03-22 | Mako Rentals, Inc. | Downhole swivel apparatus and method |
US8579033B1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2013-11-12 | Mako Rentals, Inc. | Rotating and reciprocating swivel apparatus and method with threaded end caps |
GB2456772A (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-07-29 | Schlumberger Holdings | Deployment of a dynamic seal in an intervention procedure |
WO2009021037A2 (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2009-02-12 | Mako Rentals, Inc. | Rotating and reciprocating swivel apparatus and method |
NO330819B1 (no) * | 2007-12-21 | 2011-07-25 | Fmc Kongsberg Subsea As | Fremgangsmate og system for sirkulering av fluid i en undersjoisk intervensjonsstakk |
WO2010019378A2 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-18 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Plug removal and setting system and method |
US9714547B2 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2017-07-25 | Diamond Offshore Drilling, Inc. | Marine drilling riser connector with removable shear elements |
US8146667B2 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-04-03 | Marc Moszkowski | Dual gradient pipeline evacuation method |
GB2502555A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-04 | M I Drilling Fluids Uk Ltd | Riser displacement and cleaning tool assembly |
WO2014035375A1 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Riser displacement and cleaning systems and methods of use |
CA2847874C (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2016-10-18 | Car-Ber Investments Inc. | Apparatus and method for isolating a section of a pipe riser bore in the course of riser renewal |
US9404347B1 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-08-02 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Apparatus and method for connecting a riser from an offshore rig to a subsea structure |
CN110617023B (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2022-06-03 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | 一种无钻台井口作业溢流液收集装置 |
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2002
- 2002-08-21 AU AU2002324372A patent/AU2002324372B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-08-21 CN CNB028297881A patent/CN1329622C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-21 US US10/525,261 patent/US7389818B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-21 WO PCT/NO2002/000289 patent/WO2004018832A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-08-21 BR BR0215847-7A patent/BR0215847A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-21 GB GB0503695A patent/GB2409223B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB2409223B (en) | 2005-12-21 |
US7389818B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 |
US20060201680A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
GB2409223A (en) | 2005-06-22 |
CN1688790A (zh) | 2005-10-26 |
AU2002324372B2 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
BR0215847A (pt) | 2005-06-21 |
AU2002324372A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
GB0503695D0 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
WO2004018832A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
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