CN1327904C - 紫外线消毒设备 - Google Patents
紫外线消毒设备 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
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- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
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Abstract
紫外线辐射用于在流体管(110)中消毒空气(105),其中,该流体管(110)在其外表面的一部分上包括全反射部件(120),且所述紫外线辐射借助全内反射传播通过流体管的一部分。
Description
相关申请
本申请是2002年10月9日提交的序列号为No.10/268567的美国专利申请的部分继续申请,并且依据2001年11月2日提交的序列号为No.60/336381的美国临时专利申请中的披露,两者都通过引证在此引入。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用强烈紫外线辐射来破坏有毒化合物中的化学键并使病菌失活的空气净化***。该方法也可以用于任何物质传送,其包括包含自然存在的毒素或者那些由于在战争中使用的生物和化学试剂产生的毒素的水或者其它流体的净化。
背景技术
现有技术的紫外线消毒***通常为水消毒***,其中,水暴露于紫外线辐射,以便辐射穿过水,照射到反射面,然后反射后再次穿过水。通常为抛光的不锈钢的反射面吸收大量的辐射。诸如由Halloran(美国专利3744216)描述的之类的空气消毒***在气流中使用细长弧形低压水银杀菌灯。诸如American Ultraviolet和Steril-Aire之类的公司制造出在加热、通风和空调(HVAC)***的管道中使用这些灯来提供杀菌作用的***。
在Whitehead美国专利4260220中,构造正方形截面空心管波导器,其在全内反射(TIR)的原理下工作。每个壁部分具有平的内表面和具有90度角的纵向波纹的外表面。这些壁由透明电介质材料构造成,诸如丙烯酸的或者光学透明的玻璃。该Whitehead的装置用于传送可见光。
根据Pritchard(美国专利3170980),正方形截面的光波导在本领域中是已知的,其可用于在短距离中使得流量均匀性最大化。这些装置通常用于在光源和成像装置之间的投影***中,诸如在Magarill(美国专利5625738)中描述的。
现有技术的紫外线消毒***共有的是对被消毒的空气的紫外线(UV)过量辐射,其必须增加最终的设备的尺寸、重量和功率。长期以来需要改进这样的***的效率,且还需要提供一种空气的便携式的有效紫外线消毒***。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种用于消毒空气的设备和方法,其引导空气通过空心全内反射光导管或者波导器的一端,且经过该光导管或者波导器的另一端以便耦合来自高强度灯的紫外线(UV)能量。该波导器本身由不吸收紫外线的材料构造成,诸如紫外线级熔凝的石英玻璃。有利地,基于全内反射(TIR)的光导管技术的使用确保了所有输入紫外线辐射在空气中弥散。
附图说明
附图的几个视图的简明描述
图1描述了根据本发明的一个说明性的实施例的用于使用紫外线辐射(UV)来消毒水的设备。
图2描述了图1的紫外线消毒设备的截面图。
图3描述了在图1的紫外线消毒设备中的光导管辐射区域,示出了紫外线辐射如何使用全内反射(TIR)来包含。
图4描述了根据本发明的一个说明性的实施例的使用紫外线辐射(UV)的消毒空气的设备。
图5描述了图4的紫外线消毒设备的截面图。
图6描述了包括本发明的紫外线消毒设备的空气处理***的框图。
附图中的主要元件的标号的列表
下面是附图中的主要元件以数字顺序的列表。
1 入射角(在流体入口管内表面处的折射)
2 内反射角(在流体入口管外表面处的反射)
5 流体(要被消毒的)
10 流体入口管
11 入口端(流体入口管)
12 出口端(流体入口管)
13 内表面(流体入口管)
14 外表面(流体入口管)
15 同中心间隙(入口管和光学覆层管之间)
20 光学覆层管
30 流体容纳容器
31 紫外线反射镜(流体容纳容器内表面)
32 空气间隙(流体容纳容器)
33 (流体容纳容器的)内部管
35 紫外线窗
36 下部紫外线窗表面
37 上部紫外线窗表面
40 高强度紫外线灯
50 流体出口管
71 第一紫外线光线(离开下部紫外线窗表面)
72 第二紫外线光线(离开流体)
73 第三紫外线光线(进入流体入口管内表面)
74 第四紫外线光线(离开流体入口管内表面)
75 第五紫外线光线(进入流体)
100 光导管(由流体、流体入口管和同心间隙形成)
101 空气入口风扇
102 空气过滤器
103 催化过滤器
104 空气出口风扇
105 空气通道,(其中的空气是要被消毒的)
110 空气入口管
111 入口端(空气入口管)
112 出口端(空气入口管)
113 内表面(流体入口管)
114 外表面(流体入口管)
120 (空气入口管的)全内反射部件
121 (全内反射部件的)内表面
123 偏转镜子
130 空气容纳容器
131 紫外线反射镜(空气容纳容器内表面)
135 紫外线窗
137 紫外线窗表面
140 高强度紫外线灯
141 紫外线传感器
150 流体出口管
101 空气入口风扇
102 空气过滤器
103 催化过滤器
104 空气出口风扇
200 控制器(用于消毒***)
具体实施方式
用于施加本发明的方式
首先参考图1,示出了根据本发明的紫外线(UV)水消毒装置的基本结构,该消毒装置包括用作中间光导管的流体入口管10、围绕流体入口管10的下面部分且与其限定同中心间隙15的光学覆层管20、流体容纳容器30、流体出口管50和高强度紫外线灯40,诸如闪光灯。
接下来参考图2,流体容纳容器30包括成形为紫外线反射镜31的内表面;例如,流体容纳容器可以由铝构造成,且内表面可以是抛光的铝。要被消毒的流体5,诸如水,通过入口端11进入流体入口管10。流体入口管10例如可以由紫外线级熔凝石英制造。
流体5朝着高强度紫外线灯40行进通过流体入口管10,且在出口端12处离开流体入口管10。然后,流体5的流体流由紫外线(UV)透射窗下表面36再引导,该下表面形成流体容纳容器30的下部端的一部分。接下来,流体5的流体流被再引导到流体出口管50,其位于流体容纳容器30的上部端。
流体5容纳在流体容纳容器30内。流体容纳容器30包括内部管33,其可以由紫外线级熔凝石英构造成,该内部管33容纳在外部铝壳内,该外部铝壳具有限定紫外线反射镜31的反射内表面,其中在外部壳和内部管33之间具有诸如空气间隙之类的间隙32。然后,外部管30的端部由下部紫外线窗表面36和紫外线窗上表面37来封闭。
紫外线(UV)水消毒装置的优选取向是垂直的,以便流体5的流体流近似柱塞流(plug-flow),且流体出口管50的位置在最高点,或者在最高点附近,以便允许快速和有效地去除不需要的气泡。存在于流体5中的气泡形成紫外线辐射的散射场所,从而降低***效率。这些紫外线散射场所导致被引导的紫外线辐射小于最佳角度,这导致从流体容纳容器内表面发生反射,该内表面是紫外线反射镜31,如果该紫外线反射镜由铝管构成,则该紫外线反射镜为反射性近似86%。在没有这些紫外线散射场所的情况下,由于光导管的全内反射(TIR)工作,所以所有反射都是几乎是无损的,因此紫外线辐射大部分在流体5中弥散。
接下来参考图3,光导管100的区域由诸如水之类的流体5、诸如紫外线级熔凝石英管之类的流体入口管10,以及诸如空气间隙或者真空间隙之类的同中心间隙15形成。同中心间隙15与流体5液压隔离,以便允许光导管100工作。光导管的工作基于同中心间隙的折射率小于流体5的折射率。熔凝石英和水在光谱的紫外线区域中的折射率在下面的表格1中显示。
表格1熔凝石英和水的折射率
熔凝石英紫外线级(SiO2) | 水 | ||
波长(nm) | 折射率 | 波长(nm) | 折射率 |
170 | 1.615 | 172 | 1.568 |
185 | 1.575 | 185 | 1.549 |
200 | 1.550 | 200 | 1.543 |
214 | 1.534 | 215 | 1.513 |
280 | 1.494 | 280 | 1.492 |
302 | 1.487 | 305 | 1.475 |
436 | 1.467 | 450 | 1.344 |
546 | 1.460 | 550 | 1.336 |
656 | 1.456 | 650 | 1.331 |
如表格1所示,在光谱的紫外线(UV)部分中,水具有和紫外线级熔凝石英玻璃大约相同的折射率。
紫外线(UV)辐射从高强度紫外线灯40发射,经过紫外线窗35,并进入如图2所示的下部紫外线窗表面36。所期望的是,使得灯40和窗35之间的距离最小化,以消除由流体夹带的污染物或者表面污染物引起的紫外线吸收。在某些实施例中,窗35形成有一个或者多个透镜元件,以提供光耦合效率。第一紫外线光线71离开下部紫外线窗表面,通过折射而转向,且进入流体5,以使限定第二紫外线光线72。该第二紫外线光线72以入射角1照射到流体入口管10的内表面13上,该内表面与流体5接触,其中,入射角1相对于垂直于内表面13的表面来测量。当第二紫外线光线72进入流体入口管10的侧壁时,其借助折射而转向,且以新的内反射角2被再引导,以使限定第三紫外线光线73。
如由Snell定律限定的角度2的数值是入射角1以及流体5的折射率和构造成流体入口管10的诸如紫外线级石英之类的材料的折射率的函数。第三紫外线光线73继续穿过流体入口管子10材料,且照射在与同中心间隙15接触的流体入口管外表面14上。当流体入口管10材料和同中心间隙15的折射率满足由Snell定律限定的全内反射条件时,第三紫外线光线73反射回进入流体入口管10的侧壁,以便限定第四紫外线光线74。同中心间隙15的折射率由包含在同中心间隙中的材料的折射率来限定,或者如果没有材料包含在同中心间隙15中,则由真空的折射率来限定。
对于流体入口管10的长度的至少一部分,存在着由来自紫外线光源40的初始光学轨迹限定的光导管100区域,这是是本发明的特征。因此,所要求的是,入射角2根据流体5、构造成流体入口管10的材料、以及同中心间隙15的折射率限制成预定的范围。在本发明的优选实施例中,流体入口管10由紫外线级石英玻璃构成,要被消毒的流体5是水,且同中心间隙15包含干燥空气。
适于消毒空气的本发明的另一个实施例在图4-6中显示。首先参考图4,空气容纳容器130包括构形成紫外线反射镜131的内表面;例如,空气容纳容器可以由铝构造成,且内表面可以是抛光的铝。要被消毒的流体10通过入口端111进入TIR(全内反射)光导管100。光导管100例如可以由紫外线级熔凝石英制造,尤其是在杀菌波长200nm到300nm范围内高度透射的级别,诸如HereausSuprasil(透明石英)。
现在参考图5,空气入口管110转变为包括全内反射(TIR)部件120的部分,该全内反射(TIR)部件120从最靠近紫外线灯140的出口端朝着入口端111延伸一段距离。这允许一些紫外线光泄漏出空气入口管110,且分布在整个空气容纳容器130。在一个实施例中,TIR部件120是多个类似于在Whitehead(美国专利4260220)中教示的用于可见光的棱镜光导器,其描述了立体角,对于空气波导器可保持经过该立体角的TIR。例如,在没有辅助光学器件的情况下,来自短弧形氙闪光灯的未准直的紫外线能量可以借助TIR被完全容纳至向外大约27度的圆锥半角。超过该角度的紫外线光线必然通过TIR部件120泄漏到空气通道105的空气中,直到其照射到另一个表面,诸如紫外线反射镜131。有利地,空气容纳容器130通过容纳紫外线,使紫外线与空气流具有更加的机会相互作用以便使得整个***效率最大化。根据需要,空气容纳容器130也可以具有正方形截面,例如用于使得紫外线束的均匀性最大化,或者其它形状。
空气通道105中的空气朝着高强度紫外线灯140行进通过空气入口管110,且在出口端112处离开空气入口管110。空气通道105中的空气流到达且围绕可选择的偏转镜子123转向,该偏转镜子在光学上用于使得离开空气容纳容器130的紫外线辐射的量最小化。
对于不包括镜子123的实施例,来自灯的一部分紫外线辐射会离开具有TIR部件120的空气入口管110的部分,且进入容纳容器130的上面部分。只有来自灯的紫外线辐射的高度准直的部分会到达入口开口111。通过在入口开口111处引入例如直角配件,这些射线可以进一步偏转回到容纳容器130。
继续涉及空气通道105,然后空气到达紫外线(UV)窗135,其形成空气容纳容器130的下部端的一部分。如前所述,在某些实施例中,紫外线窗135包括一个或者多个透镜元件。对于主要设计为消毒空气的实施例,TIR结构具有比主要设计为消毒水的实施例更加有限的容纳角。对于设计为消毒空气的实施例,一定程度的光准直是有利的,尽管广延(etendue)的原理对于空气入口管110的TIR区域120要求更大的截面积。
最后,空气通道105中的空气流被再引导到空气出口150,其位于空气容纳容器130的上部端。有利地,当空气通道105中的空气行进到TIR部分的外部时,其接收被紫外线反射镜131收集的额外的紫外线辐射,这样形成了高效率紫外线辐射***的实际实施例。或者,离开灯的紫外线可以由大约-27度的圆锥半角准直,且引入到很长的TIR引导结构中,从而获得特别高的效率(即,每电瓦特的消毒量)。
在优选实施例中,紫外线传感器141用作反馈元件,以确保应用了正确的辐射级别。Apprise Technology(Duluth,MN)公司以商标名为UV Clean生产了合适的紫外线传感器,其可以处理连续的和脉冲的紫外线源。紫外线传感器141定位成具有朝向进入容器130的视野,但是没有朝向紫外线灯140的直接视野。有利地,该位置使得传感器能够测量集成的腔辐射,且不倾向于在灯输出分布中变化。由于空气流被过滤,所以传感器输入开口的清洁被最小化。在某些实施例中,诸如那些消毒空气安全的规定,使用了备用的紫外线源和传感器。
现在参考图6,示意性地描述了使用本发明的紫外线消毒设备的紫外线空气消毒***。要被消毒的空气例如通过入口风扇101进入,且通过空气过滤器102,以去除会通过吸收紫外线来降低***效率的污染物。过滤的要被消毒的空气接下来流入空气容纳容器130,其中,其被高强度紫外线(UV)灯140照射。在照射以后,空气从空气容纳容器130流动通过可选择的催化过滤器103,其将臭氧转换回可呼吸的氧气,最终经过空气出口风扇104离开。来自传感器的反馈被供给到控制器200,其然后可以调整引入到容器130中的紫外线的量、经由入口风扇101和出口风扇104的流速。此外,对于那些使用脉冲灯作为紫外线源40的实施例,控制器200改变脉冲重复率。在还有的实施例中,控制器200还可以提供警报信号,例如当传感器141在腔130中检测到异常低的紫外线辐射时,可能发出需要替换灯的信号。
说明书中使用的首字母缩写列表
下面的是以字母顺序的说明书中使用的首字母缩写列表。
HEPA 高效微粒空气过滤器(过滤器)
HVAC 加热、通风和空调***
TIR 全内反射
UV 紫外线
替代实施例
在不偏离本发明的精神或者范围的情况下可以设计替代的实施例。例如,该相同的***可以适于双重使用的应用,从而可以净化多种流体(例如,空气和水)。
Claims (7)
1.一种使用紫外线辐射来消毒空气的***,所述***包括:
空气入口管,其包括入口端、在远端的相对的出口端、与所述空气接触的内表面、以及外表面,所述空气入口管由不吸收紫外线的材料构造成;
设置在所述空气入口管的外表面的至少一部分上的全内反射部件;
围绕所述空气入口管设置的空气容纳容器;
可使得紫外线穿透所述空气容纳容器且防止空气经其穿过的紫外线窗,该紫外线窗定位成面对所述空气入口管的所述在远端的相对的出口端;
紫外线灯,其提供通过所述紫外线窗且照射到所述空气入口管的内表面上的紫外线辐射;以及
从所述空气容纳容器延伸的空气出口。
2.如权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,所述空气入口管由紫外线级石英玻璃构造成。
3.如权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,该全内反射部件包括多个棱镜光导器,该棱镜光导器沿所述空气入口管的所述外表面延伸。
4.如权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,还包括报警装置,该报警装置包括延伸到所述空气容纳容器中以便作为反馈机构的紫外线传感器。
5.如权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,还包括催化过滤器,该催化过滤器在所述空气容纳容器之外并位于发自所述空气出口的空气路径中以便将臭氧转化为氧气。
6.如权利要求6所述的***,其特征在于,其包括在进入空气的该空气入口管的进口以便进行消毒以前用于除去致污物的空气过滤器。
7.如权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,其包括定位在所述空气入口管中并且面对所述紫外线窗的偏转镜子,空气流在所述空气入口管中围绕所述偏转镜子转向。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR100891031B1 (ko) | 2009-03-31 |
KR20050056910A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
AU2002363320B2 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
CA2465501C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
DE60211941T2 (de) | 2007-01-04 |
US20030086848A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
US7498004B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 |
WO2003039604A2 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
CA2465501A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
EP1450870B1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
WO2003039604A3 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
BR0213794A (pt) | 2004-12-07 |
DE60211941D1 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
MXPA04004212A (es) | 2004-07-08 |
IL161731A (en) | 2010-12-30 |
EP1450870A2 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
AU2002363320C1 (en) | 2003-05-19 |
JP2005508228A (ja) | 2005-03-31 |
IL161731A0 (en) | 2005-11-20 |
JP4283677B2 (ja) | 2009-06-24 |
CN1610562A (zh) | 2005-04-27 |
ATE327776T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
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