CN1324197A - Power output regulating method and regulator for radio auxiliary terminal - Google Patents
Power output regulating method and regulator for radio auxiliary terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN1324197A CN1324197A CN 00115661 CN00115661A CN1324197A CN 1324197 A CN1324197 A CN 1324197A CN 00115661 CN00115661 CN 00115661 CN 00115661 A CN00115661 A CN 00115661A CN 1324197 A CN1324197 A CN 1324197A
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Abstract
The method is to adjust transmitting power at the right moment according to the intensity of signal of received signal intensity target. The invention provides two embodiments, one is continuous power adjusting, the other is sectional power adjusting. For the first one it includes: receiving circuit, voltage amplifier and power amplifier. The receiving circuit unit is responsed to RSSI signal generated by radio signal, the intensity of RSSI directly represents the intensity of radio signal. The voltage amplifier is responsed to RSSI signal, thus to generate AGC voltage. The power amplifier is responsed to AGC voltage to generate suitable output power.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless network terminal machine, specially refer to a kind of method of adjustment and device that places dynamic power output in the wireless association mounted terminal machine.
Flourish along with telecommunications industry, each divides people and be unable to do without communication each second.Trend in the future is that needed mobile phone, fixed network (fixed communication network service), computer network all can combine.This industry is at a tremendous pace.The growth in telecommunications industry every year is grown up the fastest with cordless communication network.
Ability more than 1,000 ten thousand populations in use in the whole world have broken through 1,000,000,000 till now from 1992 before 5 years, and growth rate is quite surprising.
Along with popularizing of various cordless communication networks, various portable wireless terminals more seem inseparable with people's life.And the low-power consumption of these devices (the low power consumption) target that people pursued just.
In these devices, radio-frequency power amplifier (RFPA:Radio Frequency PowerAmplifier) has accounted for more than fifty percent of whole power consumptions.This transmitting power is calculated with the terminating machine maximum communication distance.With GSM900 (Global System for Mobiie is the Digital Cellular System of being formulated by European Union, and employed frequency is 890-915MHz) cordless communication network is example, and the base station cell radius is approximately 5 kilometers.The mobile phone transmitting power is 2 to 3 watts.Such power is for ensureing that 5 kilometers communication distance is provided with.In fact to appear at such position be to have only certain probability to mobile phone, and in other words, mobile phone might appear at any position in 5 kilometers of the radiuses, and the position that is positioned at 5 kilometers communication distances has only accounted for the probability of very small portion.When mobile phone when base station distance is nearer, required emitted power is far smaller than it from base station distance farthest the time.Even so, the energy that power circuit still can its maximum of tireless transmission.Will inevitably waste energy like this, reduce stand-by time, and shorten battery useful life.
Therefore, demand a kind of new implementation method and device urgently, a kind of method of adjustment and device that places dynamic power output in the wireless association mounted terminal machine promptly is provided, it utilizes received signal intensity index (Received SignalStrength Indicator, RSSI) signal to be obtaining the Dynamic matching of power output and communication distance, and then makes full use of the energy content of battery and cater to low-power consumption trend.
In the foregoing invention background, traditional many shortcomings that wireless terminal produced.The invention provides a kind of method of adjustment and device that places dynamic power output in the wireless association mounted terminal machine, it utilizes received signal intensity index (Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSSI) signal to be obtaining the Dynamic matching of power output and communication distance, and then makes full use of the energy content of battery and cater to low-power consumption trend.
Another object of the present invention is exported lower through-put power at method of adjustment and device that a kind of dynamic power output is provided under short communication distance, it can reduce the injury of high frequency radiation to human body down to greatest extent one.
A further object of the present invention is done some favourable adjustment after being to allow the user obtain the information of power output by display floater.As when battery soon uses, considering nearer local conversation from the base station for guaranteeing that last conversation is finished.From the base station when far away transmitting power bigger, can consider to reduce the air time as far as possible, avoid the high frequency radiation of large power long time.
According to above-described purpose, the invention provides a kind of method of adjustment and device that places dynamic power output in the wireless association mounted terminal machine, according to the strong and weak transmitting power of adjusting of a received signal intensity index signal in good time.Utilize the RSSI signal, obtain the Dynamic matching of transmitting power and communication distance, and on display floater, intuitively show power level.The invention provides the implementation method of two kinds of wireless terminal dynamic transmit power.One is that continuous power is regulated; It two is that segmented power regulates.With regard to continuous power adjustments, it mainly includes a receiving loop (Receive Chain) device, a voltage amplifier and a power amplifier.The receiving loop device responds at a wireless signal, to produce the RSSI signal, the power of the strong and weak directly reaction wireless signal of RSSI signal.Voltage amplifier then responds at the RSSI signal, and then produces an automatic ride gain (Auto Gain Control, AGC) voltage.And power amplifier then responds at automatic ride gain voltage, to produce a suitable power output.
Fig. 1 has shown the hardware structure diagram of continuous power method of adjustment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 has shown the power output of continuous power method of adjustment of the present invention and the graph of relation of RSSI signal;
Fig. 3 has shown the power output of continuous power method of adjustment of the present invention and the graph of relation of AGC voltage;
Fig. 4 has shown the hardware structure diagram of segmented power method of adjustment of the present invention; And
Fig. 5 has shown the power output of embodiments of the invention segmented power method of adjustment and the graph of relation of RSSI signal.
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 illustrates the hardware structure diagram of an embodiment of continuous power method of adjustment of the present invention.A kind of device of adjusting continuous power output in wireless association mounted terminal machine of present embodiment comprises at least: a receiving loop device 101, a reverse voltage amplifier 102 and a radio-frequency power amplifier 103.Receiving loop device 101 produces received signal intensity index (RSSI) signal in response to wireless signal, and the power of RSSI signal directly reflects the power of wireless signal.102 in voltage amplifier produces automatic ride gain (AGC) voltage in response to the RSSI signal.And 103 in power amplifier is in response to ride gain voltage automatically, and nationality is to produce a suitable power output.
In Fig. 1, the device of the adjustment continuous power of present embodiment output also comprises following parts: one has the reception/reflector 104 of antenna equally, and it is used to receive above-mentioned wireless signal and emission power output; One transmit-receive switch 105, it is between reception/reflector 104, receiving loop device 101 and radio-frequency power amplifier 103, transmit-receive switch 105 is used for connecting reception/reflector 104 and receiving loop device 101, so that transmitting wireless signals, or be used for connecting reception/reflector 104 and radio-frequency power amplifier 103, so that transmission output power; One microcontroller (Micro-Controller) 106, it has one mould/number conversion pin, and through the automatic ride gain voltage that mould/number conversion pin reception reverse voltage amplifier 102 transmits thus, the intensity with power output is shown on the display panels 107 after treatment.
Moreover the continuous power method of adjustment of present embodiment comprises the following step at least: at first, and reception/transmitter receipt wireless signal, and transfer to the receiving loop device via transmit-receive switch.Wireless signal can produce the RSSI signal after handling by the high-frequency signal in the receiving loop device.The power of the strong and weak directly reaction wireless signal of this RSSI signal.Then, behind the RSSI signal process reverse voltage amplifier, as automatic gain control (AGC) voltage of radio-frequency power amplifier.This voltage one tunnel is the power gain that is used for controlling radio-frequency power amplifier, and another road then via the mould/number conversion pin of microcontroller, shows on display panels (LCD) after microcontroller is handled.
Fig. 2 has shown the power output of embodiments of the invention continuous power method of adjustment and the graph of relation of RSSI signal.Trunnion axis is the intensity of RSSI signal.Vertical axis is the size of power output.The RSSI signal is represented the fine or not situation of this terminating machine received signal.When this terminating machine nearer and when being in good reception ring scape, the RSSI signal amplitude is bigger from the base station.This moment, required transmitting power was less.P
MaxBe the maximum power that this terminating machine can be launched, Dui Ying R with it
MinBe poor reception environment or receiving range farthest.P
MinBe minimum emissive power under good reception situation, Dui Ying RSSI signal is maximum with it.In other words the relation between power output and the RSSI signal is the full curve figure that presents a negative gradient, and promptly power output reduces enhancing along with the RSSI signal.The advantage of the method is that transmitting power can change with the power of RSSI signal in good time.
Fig. 3 has shown the power output of embodiments of the invention continuous power method of adjustment and the graph of relation of AGC voltage.This AGC voltage amplifies back output by the RSSI signal through the reverse voltage amplifier.Relation between power output and the AGC voltage is the full curve figure that presents a positive gradient, i.e. the increase of this power output is along with the increase of AGC voltage is present.Consult Fig. 4, the hardware structure diagram of the embodiment of its narration segmented power method of adjustment of the present invention.A kind of device that sets up power output separately of adjusting in wireless association mounted terminal machine of present embodiment comprises at least: a receiving loop device 401, a microcontroller 402, a reverse voltage amplifier 403 and a radio-frequency power amplifier 404.Receiving loop device 401 produces received signal intensity index (RSSI) signal in response to wireless signal.Microcontroller 402 has one mould/number conversion pin, and the RSSI signal that transmits through pin receiving loop device 401 thus, and the intensity with the power output that wireless signal corresponded to is shown on the display panels 405 after treatment.Voltage amplifier 403 has the RSSI signal after a D/A switch pin is used for receiving mould/number conversion, and nationality is to produce an automatic ride gain voltage.And 404 in power amplifier responds at automatic ride gain voltage, uses to produce a suitable power output.Similarly, the adjustment segmented power output device of present embodiment also comprises the reception/reflector 406 and transmit-receive switch 407 by the foregoing description, and its function and decorating position are as described in ditto.
Secondly, the segmented power method of adjustment of present embodiment comprises the following step at least: at first, and reception/transmitter receipt wireless signal, and transfer to the receiving loop device via transmit-receive switch.Wireless signal can produce the RSSI signal after handling by the high-frequency signal in the receiving loop device.The power of the strong and weak directly reaction wireless signal of this RSSI signal.Then, the RSSI signal is handled the back by microcontroller and is shown on display panels (LCD) through the mould/number conversion pin of microcontroller.Microcontroller is exported the D/A switch pin of suitable data to voltage amplifier simultaneously, and nationality is to produce an accurate AGC voltage to radio-frequency power amplifier, so that be used for controlling the power gain of radio-frequency power amplifier.
Fig. 5 has shown the power output of segmented power method of adjustment of the present invention and the graph of relation of RSSI signal.Power output can be divided into 9 grades, and power output is respectively P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8 and P
MaxAccording to the RSSI signal strength signal intensity, it is divided into R
Min, R8, R7, R6, R5, R4, R3, R2, RI and R
MaxIf the RSSI signal strength signal intensity is R, power output is P.Power output P and Rr correspondence rule are: R
1＜R＜R
MaxThe time P=P
1R
i＜R＜R
I-1The time power output be Pi (i=2,3,4,5,6,7,8); R
MinPower output is P during＜R＜R8
MaxThe advantage of the method is that power circuit is power switched frequently.And power control is accurately, micro controller can every 100ms to the RSSI signal scanning once.Need not take the too many resource of system.
At last, the arbitrary embodiment of the present invention can both utilize the Dynamic matching of received signal intensity index (RSSI) signal with acquisition power output and communication distance, and then makes full use of the energy content of battery and cater to low-power consumption trend.Moreover it can export lower through-put power under short communication distance, reduce the injury of high frequency radiation to human body to greatest extent down.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not in order to limit claimed scope of the present invention: all other do not break away from the equivalence of being finished under the disclosed spirit and changes or modification, all should be included in the protection range of appended claims.
Claims (45)
1. the method for adjustment of a wireless association mounted terminal power output, this method comprises the following step at least:
Receive first signal;
High-frequency signal is handled this first signal, produces secondary signal, and the power of this secondary signal is reacted the power of this first signal;
This secondary signal of voltage amplification, and then generation-voltage; And
Utilize this voltage to adjust power output, and this voltage of mould/number conversion the and after treatment intensity of this power output being shown.
2. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned first signal comprises a wireless signal at least.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned secondary signal comprises a received signal intensity index signal at least.
4. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned voltage comprises an automatic ride gain voltage at least.
5. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of above-mentioned reception first signal comprises employing one antenna at least and comes received signal.
6. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the step that above-mentioned high-frequency signal is handled this first signal comprises employing one receiving loop device at least.
7. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of above-mentioned this secondary signal of voltage amplification comprises employing one reverse voltage amplifier at least.
8. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the set-up procedure of above-mentioned power output comprises employing one radio-frequency power amplifier at least.
9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the relation between above-mentioned power output and this voltage is the full curve figure that presents a positive gradient, and promptly this power output increases along with the increase of this voltage.
10. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the relation between above-mentioned power output and this secondary signal is the full curve figure that presents a negative gradient, and promptly this power output reduces along with the enhancing of this secondary signal.
11. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of above-mentioned this voltage of processing comprises the microcontroller that employing one has mould/number conversion pin at least.
12. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of the intensity of above-mentioned this power output of demonstration comprises employing one display panels at least.
13. the method for adjustment of a wireless association mounted terminal power output, this method comprises the following step at least:
Receive first signal;
High-frequency signal is handled this first signal, and nationality is to produce secondary signal, and the power of this secondary signal is reacted the power of this first signal;
This secondary signal of mould/number conversion, and the intensity of a power output that after treatment this first signal is corresponded to shows, simultaneously, and this secondary signal after D/A switch mould/number conversion;
This secondary signal behind the voltage amplification D/A switch, and then produce a voltage; And
Utilize this voltage to adjust this power output.
14. the method as claim 13 is characterized in that, above-mentioned first signal comprises a wireless signal at least.
15. the method as claim 13 is characterized in that, above-mentioned secondary signal comprises a received signal intensity index signal at least.
16. the method as claim 13 is characterized in that, above-mentioned voltage comprises an automatic ride gain voltage at least.
17. the method as claim 13 is characterized in that, the step of above-mentioned reception first signal comprises the employing antenna receiving signal at least.
18. the method as claim 13 is characterized in that, the step that above-mentioned high-frequency signal is handled this first signal comprises employing one receiving loop device at least.
19. the method as claim 13 is characterized in that, the step of this secondary signal after above-mentioned processing mould/number conversion comprises the microcontroller that employing one has mould/number conversion pin at least.
20. the method as claim 13 is characterized in that, the step of the secondary signal behind the above-mentioned voltage amplification D/A switch comprises the reverse voltage amplifier that employing one has the D/A switch pin at least.
21. the method as claim 13 is characterized in that, the set-up procedure of above-mentioned power output comprises employing one radio-frequency power amplifier at least.
22. method as claim 13, it is characterized in that, relation between above-mentioned power output and this secondary signal is the sectional curve figure that presents a negative gradient, promptly this power output reduces along with the enhancing of friendship secondary signal, and the strength range of this secondary signal only corresponds to a numerical value of this power output.
23. the method as claim 13 is characterized in that, the step of the intensity of above-mentioned this power output of demonstration comprises employing one display panels at least.
24. the device in the mounted terminal adjustment power output of wireless association, this device comprises at least:
The high-frequency signal processing unit produces secondary signal in response to first signal, and the power of this secondary signal is reacted the power of this first signal;
First amplifier produces a voltage in response to this secondary signal; And
Second amplifier produces a power output in response to this voltage.
25. the device as claim 24 is characterized in that, also comprises:
One reception/reflector, it is used to receive this first signal and launches this power output;
One transmit-receive switch, it is between this reception/reflector, this high-frequency signal processing unit and this second amplifier, this transmit-receive switch is used to connect this reception/reflector and this high-frequency signal processing unit, so that transmit this first signal, or be used to connect this reception/reflector and this second amplifier, so that transmit this power output:
One microcontroller, it has one mould/number conversion pin, and receives this voltage that this first amplifier transmits via this mould/number conversion pin, and the intensity with this power output is shown in a display panels after treatment.
26. the device as claim 25 is characterized in that, above-mentioned reception/reflector comprises an antenna at least.
27. the device as claim 24 is characterized in that, above-mentioned first signal comprises a wireless signal at least.
28. the device as claim 24 is characterized in that, above-mentioned secondary signal comprises a received signal intensity index signal at least.
29. the device as claim 24 is characterized in that, above-mentioned voltage comprises an automatic ride gain voltage at least.
30. the device as claim 24 is characterized in that, above-mentioned high-frequency signal processing unit comprises a receiving loop device at least.
31. the device as claim 24 is characterized in that, above-mentioned first amplifier comprises a reverse voltage amplifier at least.
32. the device as claim 24 is characterized in that, above-mentioned second amplifier comprises a radio-frequency power amplifier at least.
33. the device as claim 24 is characterized in that, the relation between above-mentioned power output and this voltage is the full curve figure that presents a positive gradient, and promptly this power output increases along with the increase of this voltage.
34. the device as claim 24 is characterized in that, the relation between above-mentioned power output and this secondary signal is the full curve figure that presents a negative gradient, and promptly this power output reduces along with the enhancing of this secondary signal.
35. the device in the mounted terminal adjustment power output of wireless association, this device comprises at least:
The high-frequency signal processing unit produces secondary signal in response to first signal, and the power of this secondary signal is reacted the power of this first signal;
Control device, it has one mould/number conversion pin, and receives this secondary signal that this high-frequency signal processing unit transmits via this steamed bun/number conversion pin, and the intensity of the power output that this first signal is corresponded to is shown in a display panels after treatment;
First amplifier, it has this secondary signal after a D/A switch pin is used for receiving mould/number conversion, and nationality is to produce a voltage; And
Second amplifier produces this power output in response to this voltage.
36. the device as claim 35 is characterized in that, also comprises:
One reception/reflector, it is used to receive this first signal and launches this power output; And
One transmit-receive switch, it is between this reception/reflector, this high-frequency signal processing unit and this second amplifier, this transmit-receive switch system is used to connect this reception/reflector and this high-frequency signal processing unit, so that transmit this first signal, or be used to connect this reception/reflector and this second amplifier, so that transmit this power output.
37. the device as claim 36 is characterized in that, above-mentioned reception/reflector comprises an antenna at least.
38. the dress as claim 35 is stepped on, and it is characterized in that, above-mentioned first signal comprises a wireless signal at least.
39. the device as claim 35 is characterized in that, above-mentioned secondary signal comprises a received signal intensity index signal at least.
40. the device as claim 35 is characterized in that, above-mentioned voltage comprises an automatic ride gain voltage at least.
41. the device as claim 35 is characterized in that, above-mentioned high-frequency signal processing unit comprises a receiving loop device at least.
42. the device as claim 35 is characterized in that, above-mentioned control device comprises a microcontroller at least.
43. the device as claim 35 is characterized in that, above-mentioned first amplifier comprises a reverse voltage amplifier at least.
44. the device as claim 35 is characterized in that, above-mentioned second amplifier comprises a radio-frequency power amplifier at least.
45. device as claim 35, it is characterized in that, relation between above-mentioned power output and this secondary signal is the sectional curve figure that presents a negative gradient, promptly this power output reduces along with the enhancing of this secondary signal, and the strength range of this secondary signal only corresponds to a numerical value of this power output.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00115661A CN1112066C (en) | 2000-05-11 | 2000-05-11 | The method of adjustment and the device of the mounted terminal acc power output of wireless association |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00115661A CN1112066C (en) | 2000-05-11 | 2000-05-11 | The method of adjustment and the device of the mounted terminal acc power output of wireless association |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1324197A true CN1324197A (en) | 2001-11-28 |
| CN1112066C CN1112066C (en) | 2003-06-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00115661A Expired - Fee Related CN1112066C (en) | 2000-05-11 | 2000-05-11 | The method of adjustment and the device of the mounted terminal acc power output of wireless association |
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| CN (1) | CN1112066C (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1324849C (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2007-07-04 | 智捷科技股份有限公司 | Method for regulating output power of radio network products |
| CN100359974C (en) * | 2004-07-10 | 2008-01-02 | 乐金电子(中国)研究开发中心有限公司 | Transmission output controlling method for mobile communication terminal |
| CN103023574A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-03 | 天津光拓科技有限公司 | Multifunctional optical fiber amplifier control system |
| CN101005656B (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2013-04-24 | 联芯科技有限公司 | Sleep control method for mobile communication terminal |
| CN104967492A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-10-07 | 海能达通信股份有限公司 | Detection circuit and terminal |
| CN105208634A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2015-12-30 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | Radio frequency transceiver, method and mobile terminal |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2637818B2 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1997-08-06 | 富士通株式会社 | Transmission power control device in wireless device |
| US5710981A (en) * | 1995-05-23 | 1998-01-20 | Ericsson Inc. | Portable radio power control device and method using incrementally degraded received signals |
| KR980007105A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-03-30 | 김광호 | Method for controlling transmission power of mobile station |
| US6829226B1 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 2004-12-07 | Ericsson Inc. | Power control for a mobile terminal in a satellite communication system |
| KR100241780B1 (en) * | 1997-12-16 | 2000-02-01 | 윤종용 | Power saving apparatus for radio communication terminal |
| KR100357619B1 (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2003-01-15 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | Output power control device and method of mobile communication terminal |
-
2000
- 2000-05-11 CN CN00115661A patent/CN1112066C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1324849C (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2007-07-04 | 智捷科技股份有限公司 | Method for regulating output power of radio network products |
| CN100359974C (en) * | 2004-07-10 | 2008-01-02 | 乐金电子(中国)研究开发中心有限公司 | Transmission output controlling method for mobile communication terminal |
| CN101005656B (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2013-04-24 | 联芯科技有限公司 | Sleep control method for mobile communication terminal |
| CN103023574A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-03 | 天津光拓科技有限公司 | Multifunctional optical fiber amplifier control system |
| CN105208634A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2015-12-30 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | Radio frequency transceiver, method and mobile terminal |
| CN105208634B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2019-01-22 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | A kind of RF receiving/transmission device and method and mobile terminal |
| CN104967492A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-10-07 | 海能达通信股份有限公司 | Detection circuit and terminal |
| CN104967492B (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2018-04-24 | 海能达通信股份有限公司 | A kind of detection circuit and terminal |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1112066C (en) | 2003-06-18 |
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Owner name: YINGHUADA(NAN JING) TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: YINGYEDA GROUP(NANJING) ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD Effective date: 20041112 |
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Effective date of registration: 20041112 Address after: 210000 Pai Road, Jiangning economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanjing, Jiangsu Patentee after: Inventec (Nanjing) Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: Nanjing City, Jiangsu province 210006 Crane Street No. 100 Patentee before: Yingyeda Group (Nanjing) Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20030618 Termination date: 20100511 |