Background technology
The garbage leachate of municipal solid waste incinerator is the high concentration organic sewage that produces in the dumping process, be mainly derived from the interior moisture of organic matter degradation and rubbish itself, contain 93 kinds of objectionable impuritiess according to surveying and determination, 22 kinds of emphasis control lists that have been put into China and American National Environmental Protection Administration are wherein arranged, wherein a kind can be directly carcinogenic, 5 kinds can be brought out carcinogenicly, in addition ooze and also contain plurality of heavy metal ion, bacterium, virus etc. in the drop liquid.Calculate with its pollution load, one ton oozes drop liquid the contribution of environment is equivalent to 200~500 tons of municipal effluents.The domestic refuse of adding China is a mixed collection, be subjected to living condition, living habit, the influence in area and season is very big, make its composition very complicated, the water concentration and the water yield change bigger, ooze the chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD) of drop liquid between 50000-80000mg/L according to relevant statistic data municipal solid waste incinerator, even it is higher, and suspended substance (SS) is more than 8000mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is between 500-1500mg/L, and the pH value is lower than 3 sometimes less than 6, also has halogenated aryl hydrocarbon in addition, pollution such as heavy metal and virus, as not handled, directly discharging will be to body of groundwater on every side, surface water body, soil and ecotope bring immeasurable pollution and harm, to the peripheral people's healthy generation serious threat.
When external domestic refuse adopted incinerating method to handle domestic refuse, because its domestic refuse is categorised collection, refuse thermal value height, water ratio were low, therefore produce to ooze the drop liquid measure little, be sprayed onto burning disposal in the incinerator so directly return.And the domestic refuse of China is a mixed collection, and refuse thermal value is low, water ratio is high, therefore when adopting burning process, dumping three to seven days with the reduction water ratio, and then need be carried out burning disposal.So in China, the drop liquid that oozes of municipal solid waste incinerator returns and is sprayed onto burning disposal in the incinerator, is irrational, also is unpractical, can only carry out individual curing.
Because consumer waste incineration is started late in China; the most of treatment capacity of existing garbage incinerating system is little; do not form scale; and operation conditions is also unstable; after Shanghai City success introduction of foreign technology in 2000 is built up the Shanghai Yu Qiao municipal solid waste incinerator of 1000 tons/day of treatment capacities; domestic consumer waste incineration market just begins the formation scale gradually; therefore the drop liquid processing of oozing of incineration plant is brought into schedule gradually; be directly to discharge or be transported to municipal wastewater treatment plant outward to handle before this mostly; this makes and oozes the water clock of drop liquid in transportation and handling procedure; make that virtually source of pollution move outward; and increased the potential collision hazard of environmental pollution in transportation and the treating processes, do not meet in the national environmental protection policy about regulation at the source of pollution on-the-spot disposal.
The percolate that oozes drop liquid and refuse landfill of garbage burning factory is different, garbage burning factory ooze the moisture that drop liquid derives from rubbish itself, the waste water that garbage degradation produces, and in addition the percolate of landfill yard also has natural precipitation etc., thus garbage burning factory to ooze organism, salt, heavy metal and the hazardous and noxious substances concentration of drop liquor ratio percolate from garbage filling field higher.So the percolate treating process of landfill yard as many technologies of oxidation pond technology, anaerobic-aerobic technology, bio membrane process and derivation thereof, is unaccommodated if merely overlap the garbage leachate processing that is used for incineration plant.
Summary of the invention
The Apparatus for () and method therefor that the purpose of this invention is to provide the garbage leachate of the processing municipal solid waste incinerator that a kind of technology is reliable, adaptability is strong, effluent quality is good.
The equipment of the garbage leachate of processing municipal solid waste incinerator of the present invention comprises pretreatment system, the membrane bio-reaction system and the disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) system that are connected successively with pretreatment system, described pretreatment system comprises and oozes the drop liquid storage tank, by first water pump with ooze drop liquid storage tank sealed centrifugal dehumidifier that is connected and the intermediate pool that is connected with centrifugal dehumidifier, described membrane bio-reaction system comprises bio-reactor, ultra-filtration equipment by the connection of second water pump, bio-reactor is connected with gas blower, described disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) system comprises the water tank that is connected with ultra-filtration equipment, by the 3rd water pump and the tank connected disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) device of water storage.
Equipment of the present invention also has temperature control equipment, this temperature control equipment comprises cooling tower, be connected with cooling tower by the 5th water pump, at the ultrafiltration system of membrane bio-reaction system with ooze second heat exchanger and first heat exchanger that is connected with the biochemical reactor of membrane bio-reaction system by the 4th water pump between the drop liquid storage tank, the water side of this interchanger is connected with the water return pipeline of second heat exchanger.
The method of the garbage leachate of processing municipal solid waste incinerator of the present invention, its step comprises:
(1) pre-treatment: adopt sealed centrifuge dehydration to carry out solid-liquid separation, remove suspended substance, the mud after the centrifuge dehydration is transported to the refuse chute burning disposal of garbage burning factory with sludge pump, and the drop liquid that oozes after the separation enters intermediate pool by pump;
(2) membrane biological reaction is handled: adopt membrane bio-reaction system to handle, with ooze the biochemical reactor that drop liquid be transported to membrane bio-reaction system of pump with intermediate pool, adopt diving to stir aeration and carry out aerobic treatment, make biochemical sludge tame into highly active aerobic microbiological flora, oozing drop liquid purifies waste water and mud by ultra-filtration and separation after biochemical treatment, high concentration sludge after the separation is got back in the biochemical reactor, plays the degraded effect;
(3) reverse-osmosis treated: adopt the disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) treatment system to hold back most pollution substances, make the moisture that oozes in the drop liquid see through reverse osmosis membrane by pressure in the percolate input dish tubular type reverse osmosis drop device after membrane bio-reaction system is handled with pump, most pollution substances are held back.
Described membrane biological reaction temperature≤37 ℃; The temperature of described reverse-osmosis treated≤30 ℃.
The advantage of the Apparatus for () and method therefor of the garbage leachate of processing municipal solid waste incinerator of the present invention and positively effect:
1, the entire treatment system is that pretreatment system (being the centrifuge dehydration system), membrane biological reaction (MBR) system and disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) (DTRO) system are all efficiently integrated, and floor space is little;
2, system flexibility is strong: system to municipal solid waste incinerator to ooze drop liquid high density influent quality adaptability very strong, even water inlet biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) BOD
5>40000mg/L, chemical oxygen demand COD
Cr>50000mg/L, ss suspended solid>8000mg/L, ammonia nitrogen NH
3Also can normally move during-N>2000mg/L;
3, sludge loading (F/M) is low, and surplus sludge volume is little;
4, effluent quality is good, no bacterium and suspended substance: water outlet can reach the first grade discharging limit value of China's " domestic refuse sanitary filling field pollute control criterion " in (GB16889-1997), and wherein ss suspended solid can reach miscellaneous domestic water quality standard, its cost performance height;
5, level of automation height: the entire treatment system adopts PLC control, is provided with warning device, security of system, easy to maintenance, easy to operate.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the equipment of the garbage leachate of processing municipal solid waste incinerator of the present invention, the membrane bio-reaction system and the disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) system that comprise pretreatment system, be connected successively with pretreatment system.Described pretreatment system comprises and oozes drop liquid storage tank 1, by first water pump 2 with ooze drop liquid storage tank 1 centrifugal dehumidifier 3 that is connected and the intermediate pool 4 that is connected with centrifugal dehumidifier 3, to remove suspended substance.Described membrane bio-reaction system comprises bio-reactor 5 (commercially available), and by the ultra-filtration equipment 12 (commercially available) that second water pump 11 connects, bio-reactor 5 is connected with gas blower 17.Described disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) system comprises the water tank 14 that is connected with ultra-filtration equipment 12, the disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) device 16 (commercially available) that is connected with water tank 14 by the 3rd water pump 15.
The operation embodiment of total system: the drop liquid that oozes that oozes in the drop liquid storage tank 1 is transported to centrifuge 3 with first pump 2 and carries out mud-water separation, mud after the separation is got back to incinerator and is burned, oozing drop liquid drains into intermediate pool 4 and is transported to biochemical reactor 5 with pump 18 again and carries out aerobic biodegradation and handle, the aeration mode of biochemical reactor 5 is gas blower 17 aerations, handles the back through biochemical reactor 5 and is transported to ultra-filtration equipment 12 removal suspended substances with second water pump 11.The drop liquid that oozes after ultrafiltration drains into water tank 14, is transported to disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) device 16 with the 3rd pump 15 again and carries out reverse-osmosis treated, and the clear liquid after the processing gets final product qualified discharge or uses, and concentrated solution is got back to incinerator and burned.
Too high at summer temp, need be to the processing of lowering the temperature of its penetrating fluid, therefore system of the present invention also has temperature control equipment.This temperature control equipment comprises cooling tower 7,7 that be connected by the 5th water pump 8 and cooling tower, at the ultra-filtration equipment 12 of membrane bio-reaction system with ooze second heat exchanger 13 and first heat exchanger 9 that is connected with the biochemical reactor 5 of membrane bio-reaction system by the 4th water pump 6 between the drop liquid storage tank 14, the water side of this interchanger is connected with the water return pipeline of second heat exchanger 13.
If during oozing the drop liquid temp and surpass 37 degrees centigrade in the biochemical reactor 5, pump 10 work are oozed drop liquid and are returned biochemical reactor after by 9 coolings of first heat exchanger, to guarantee the normal operation of biochemical system; If during oozing the drop liquid temp and surpass 30 degrees centigrade after ultra-filtration equipment 12 is handled, 8 work of the 5th pump, oozing drop liquid needs be transported to disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) device 16 through entering water tank 11 again after 13 coolings of second heat exchanger by the 3rd water pump 15.
Equipment of the present invention also is provided with PLC Controlling System, warning device.
The method of the garbage leachate of processing municipal solid waste incinerator of the present invention comprises:
(1) pre-treatment: the ss suspended solid that garbage burning factory oozes in the drop liquid is very high, and generally greater than 8000mg/L, so pre-treatment mainly is to remove suspended substance, and present method adopts centrifuge dehydration to carry out solid-liquid separation, and clearance is between 85~90%.Because garbage burning factory is to the environment requirement height, produce for avoiding stink, adopt closed, easy to operate centrifuge.Mud after the centrifuge dehydration is transported to the refuse chute burning disposal of garbage burning factory with sludge pump, and the drop liquid that oozes after the separation enters intermediate pool by pump, with the continuous water inlet that guarantees system and the normal operation continuously of membrane bio-reaction system.
(2) membrane biological reaction is handled: adopt membrane bio-reaction system to handle, with ooze the biochemical reactor that drop liquid be transported to membrane bio-reaction system of pump with intermediate pool, adopt the aeration of diving stirring efficiently to carry out aerobic treatment, biochemical sludge can constantly be tamed into highly active aerobic microbiological flora by the aeration cultivation or the mud of municipal sewage plant, oozing drop liquid purifies waste water and mud by ultra-filtration and separation after biochemical treatment, high concentration sludge after the separation is got back in the biochemical reactor, make sludge concentration reach 10-30g/L, can the degrade organism of about bio-degradable of about 90%, and also can progressively degrade to the organism of difficult for biological degradation, and making part ammonia nitrogen and organonitrogen by biosynthesizing and oxidation removal, the pollutent that residue is not removed is finally held back by disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) DTRO system.
The water outlet of biochemical system enters ultrafiltration (UF) system, compare with traditional biochemical processing process, microbial cells separates by the high-performance ultrafiltration system, guarantee that particulate matter, microorganism and the suspended substance relevant with chemical oxygen demand COD greater than 0.02 μ m are trapped in the system safely, the ultrafiltration peak pressure is 6bar.The ultrafiltration clear liquid enters water tank, guarantees the storage of rinse water when the continous-stable operation of follow-up disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) system and system are cleaned.
After membrane bio-reaction system (MBR) processing, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) COD can remove 90%, ss suspended solid can reach 100% clearance, ammonia nitrogen and can remove about 50%, but its effluent index differs greatly with the relevant emission standard of regulation, and the therefore follow-up employing membrane process craft that needs is handled to reach national specified discharge standard.
Biochemical system is when summer operation, under the high situation of water temperature background values, the heat energy that energy that biological degradation discharges and high efficient aeration produce makes water temperature can be higher than 37 degrees centigrade, but this activity to biological bacterium in the biochemical system is disadvantageous, therefore need lower the temperature by cooling system.Cooling system comprises cooling tower, heat exchanger and recycle pump, oozes drop liquid through over-heat-exchanger and cold water source (getting final product with tap water) heat exchange cooling, and cold water source,, returns heat exchanger and recycles after the cooling tower cooling to cooling tower with pump delivery.
(3) reverse-osmosis treated: adopt disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) treatment system (DTRO) to hold back most pollution substances, make the moisture that oozes in the drop liquid see through reverse osmosis membrane by pressure in the percolate input dish tubular type reverse osmosis drop device after membrane bio-reaction system is handled with pump, most pollution substances are held back.Adopt the disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) treatment system.
Reverse osmosis is the phenomenon opposite with the naturally osmotic process, promptly under the ambient pressure effect, the process that solvent is separated out by semi-permeable membranes, the DTRO system utilizes the principle of reverse osmosis technology, make the water molecules in the penetrating fluid see through reverse osmosis membrane by pressure, all contaminants matter is comprised the small molecules solute, hold back greater than molecule and the ion of 1nm, purify the purpose of oozing drop liquid thereby reach as ammonia nitrogen etc.Disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) DTRO system is main by removing micromolecular organism, ammonia nitrogen and adjusting the pH value in this technology, the water outlet that guarantees the entire treatment system reaches related standards, and the highest can reaching " urban sewage reutilization city miscellaneous water water quality standard " (GB/T18920-2002).Because DT-RO film group has special hydromeehanics design, make it to be suitable for handling high opacity and the high waste water that contains the sand coefficient, the waste water SDI value that enters the film group can reach 20, also can reach 40 and contain the sand coefficient.The installation, maintenance of DT-RO treatment system is simple, and is easy to operate, the level of automation height.
Disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) DTRO system adopts first-stage reverse osmosis, and the rate of recovery is about 80%, and system comprises core formula filtration fraction, film post part, dosing part and wash section.With sulfuric acid the pH value is transferred to less than 6.5, is entered core formula strainer then, its precision is nominal 10 μ m, and filter core needs more renew cartridge when pressure reduction reaches 0.2~0.25MPa.The drop liquid that oozes through core formula strainer pumps into one-level disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) film column system by ram pump, water outlet after reverse-osmosis treated can reach " domestic refuse sanitary filling field pollute control criterion " first grade discharging limit value in (GB16889-1997), and concentrated solution is with the refuse chute burning disposal of pump delivery in the incineration plant.
Because the inflow temperature of disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) DTRO system can not be above 30 degrees centigrade, and after membrane bio-reaction system MBR handles, ooze the drop liquid temp about 37 degrees centigrade, therefore need carry out thermal exchange by heat exchanger and cold water source, make temperature reduce to below 30 degrees centigrade, cold water source is with the cooling tower of pump delivery in membrane bio-reaction system MBR treatment system cooling process together.
After operation for some time, need clean ultra-filtration membrane group and disc tube reverse osmosis (dt-ro) film group, cleaning system comprises volume pump, medicine storing pot etc.Cleaning process has system to clean and two kinds of matting:
System flushing: the flushing of film group must be carried out when each system closing.The auto stop during system fault is also carried out cleaning procedure.The main purpose of flushing is to prevent that the pollutent that oozes in the drop liquid from depositing at membrane surface.Flushing is divided into two kinds, and a kind of is to wash with oozing drop liquid, and a kind of is water purification, the clear liquid flushing after the available system handles of the present invention, and the time of two kinds of flushings is generally all at 2~5 minutes.
For keeping the diaphragm-operated performance, the film group should regularly be carried out matting.Clean-out system divides acidic cleaner A and two kinds of alkaline cleaner C (Beijing Tiandiren Environment-Tech Co., Ltd produces and sells), and the main effect of alkaline cleaner is to remove organic pollution, and the main effect of acidic cleaner is to remove inorganic pollution.Usually carry out alkalescence earlier and clean, carry out acidity again and clean, when cleaning, detergent solution is at film group system internal recycle, and to remove the pollution substance that is deposited on the diaphragm, scavenging period was generally 1~2 hour, but can stop at any time.Liquid discharge system after cleaning finishes is to preaeration tank.Clean-out system generally is diluted to 5~10% backs and uses.The matting cycle: scavenging period length at interval depends on the pollutant concentration in the water into, recommends following parameter:
The alkalescence cleaning interval is: 100~200 hours.
The acid cleaning interval is: 200~400 hours.