CN1322279A - Method for igniting air-fuel mixture in internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for igniting air-fuel mixture in internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- CN1322279A CN1322279A CN98814311A CN98814311A CN1322279A CN 1322279 A CN1322279 A CN 1322279A CN 98814311 A CN98814311 A CN 98814311A CN 98814311 A CN98814311 A CN 98814311A CN 1322279 A CN1322279 A CN 1322279A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electric field
- spark
- input end
- technology
- field strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P3/00—Other installations
- F02P3/12—Piezoelectric ignition; Electrostatic ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
- F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for igniting the air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine, wherein said method involves increasing the force of the electric field in the electrode gap of the spark plug until the electric breakdown thereof. The method further involves repeating several times the following steps: decreasing step by step the force of the electric field down to a given level; maintaining the force at this level for a duration of 2.5 to 25 microseconds; reversing the orientation of the electric field; and increasing the force of the electric field in the electrode gap of the spark plug until the electric breakdown thereof. This invention also relates to an ignition system that uses piezoelectric elements for realising this method. This invention provides for an essentially complete fuel combustion and improves the economical and ecological characteristics of the engine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the firing technique of gas mixture, and be specifically related to the technology of plasma combustion (igniting), to increase the volume of initial ignition district (igniting at interval).
Prior art
Known a kind of technology (USSR copyright certificate No.1464274) that is used at internal-combustion engine mid point fuel vapor mixture, may further comprise the steps: a spot of fuel oil of primary combustion near the chamber of the finite volume sparking-plug electrode, and in the firing chamber, spray plasma torch by the aperture on the spark plug subsequently.
This ignition process consumes energy.The design complexity of spark plug, and fuel consume is big.
Known another kind is used for the technology at internal-combustion engine mid point fuel vapor mixture, may further comprise the steps: electrical pulse is applied on the gas mixture in the sparking-plug electrode district to reduce electric strength, the amplitude of electrical pulse weakens then, puts burning mixt under the effect of the energy that pulse produces.Fig. 1 shows the relation curve (seeing the Fig. 2 of the Ross Tveg that Moscow " Za rulyom " publishing house published in 1998 " ignition system that is used for automobile " the 5th page) of the voltage that obtains at the sparking-plug electrode place in realizing the process of this technology.
The problem of this technology is that the igniting volume of mixture is less, and the blast of association has weakened the reliability of igniting.
Known another kind is used at the technology of internal-combustion engine mid point fuel vapor mixture (USSR copyright certificate No.1368936), may further comprise the steps: generate the conducting medium that comprises charged particle between sparking-plug electrode, guiding charged particle moving linearly is to produce sparkover and to light gas mixture.Interval in this technology igniting (space ignition) is that the number that the electron source by automatic emission electronics increases charged particle in the firing chamber produces, and this electron source comprises piezoelectric constant vibration circuit and Austenite's transmitter.
This ignition process is ecological purified industrial, owing to introduced the charged particle of extra quantity in the firing chamber, therefore improved ignition process, and the mixture burns in internal combustion (IC) engine cylinder is more abundant subsequently.The existence of extra charged particle has improved the combustion condition in the cylinder, thereby has reduced the quantity of toxic substance and reduced the energy consumption of this technology.
The problem of this technology is that the initial combustion volume is little, thereby has increased toxic substance and reduced combustion efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The subject matter that the present invention will solve provides a kind of ignition process and system of gas mixture, and it is by uniform more ignition process and make the gas mixture burning more abundant, improves Economy and reduces toxic substance.
According to the present invention, the ignition process of gas mixture comprises following continuous implementation step:
(a) increase the interior electric field strength of spark clearance, pass through this gap up to electrical spark;
(b) progressively reduce electric field strength to one setting value;
(c) make this intensity level fix (keeping) 2.5-25 μ sec, up to high frequency radiation in spark clearance, occurring;
(d) direction of counter-rotating electric field;
(e) increase the interior electric field strength of spark clearance, pass through this gap up to electrical spark;
(f) progressively reduce electric field strength to one setting value;
(g) make this intensity level fix (keeping) 2.5-25 μ sec, up to high frequency radiation in spark clearance, occurring;
(h) make electric field away from spark plug.
Suggestion repeating step (d)-(g) some times is finished up to the gas mixture ignition cycle.
Step (a) is finished in AC field, and each half-wave of this harmonic alternating current electric field is successively greater than previous half-wave.
Electric field is progressively removed, and uses AC field.
The solution of problem also depends on: in step (b) with (f), the electric current in the spark clearance is constant.
The electric field strength that progressively increases in step (a) (continuing to surpass the hundreds of microsecond) makes the free radicals that can form enough concentration in spark clearance, to such an extent as to easier generation discharge and make it more stable between sparking-plug electrode.
Electric field strength (is unit with the nanosecond) progressively is reduced to by the setting value of the minimal current intensity in electrode gap decision and fixing to this value subsequently, make the electric current in the spark clearance keep being not less than a certain size at least, and make gas mixture flow into by the zone that the gap surrounded between sparking-plug electrode and the firing chamber peripheral edge margin, to keep discharge 2.5-25 μ sec.
Along with progressively (increasing with the millisecond magnitude), electric field strength rises to the sparkover value and intensity progressively is reduced to the setting value of keeping, the progressively counter-rotating of electric field has changed the density gradient of the free radicals in the spark clearance, thereby has improved the combustion condition of the gas mixture between the sparking-plug electrode and made combustion process more continuous.
The repeatedly repetition (one hundred time or more) of step (d)-(g) in whole ignition cycle, make that the burning of gas mixture is more effective, and by multiply by 2 or bigger coefficient endurance of increasing continuous discharge improve the efficient and the ecosystem characterization thereof of internal-combustion engine.
AC field in the step (a) produces free radicals in spark clearance.Because the alternate of electric field, these free radicalss enter the firing chamber, thus owing to activation energy reduce guarantee that gas mixture more effectively lights a fire.Adjoining land increases the endurance of each half-wave of harmonic electric field in step (a), makes it possible to produce free radicals and can they be injected the firing chamber with higher efficient.
Progressively the reducing of (burning completing steps) electric field strength when ignition cycle finishes makes it possible to prolong free radicals having the phase and guaranteeing that gas mixture burns more fully in spark clearance.The alternately characteristic of electric field makes the more freedom base be injected in the firing chamber in this this step, and makes gas mixture burn more fully.
Electric current is fixing in the spark clearance, if make burning process parameter and combustion condition change, can set up the burning process of gas mixture.
The high frequency radiation that takes place in step (c) and in the spark clearance (g) is caused by thermodynamic phase, and thermodynamic phase is owing to cause with the existence of the density gradient of the free radicals of positive and negative electric charge, produce blind zone (screened regions), thereby stoped combustion process near sparking-plug electrode.Before high frequency radiation takes place,, changed the density gradient of free radicals and stoped high frequency radiation the fixing and progressively counter-rotating of electric field subsequently of intensity settings, thus the blind zone that can eliminate the close sparking-plug electrode that forms by the three-dimensional discharge.
Gas mixture ignition system according to the present invention comprises that has a generator and a piezoelectric transformer that opens and closes input end, and the input end of piezoelectric transformer is connected with the output terminal of described generator.Be different from known ignition system, also comprise in the ignition system of the present invention relocating vibrator circuit, it combines with piezoelectric transformer in design, forms a single piezoelectric element with it jointly, and the output terminal of this element links to each other with sparking-plug electrode.According to the present invention, the generator of ignition system can also comprise synchronous input end and discharge control input end.In this case, system has two by the feedback of piezoelectric element to generator, and one of them links to each other with described synchronous input end, and another links to each other with described discharge control input end.
The vibrator circuit that relocates that combines, also forms therewith single piezoelectric element in design with piezoelectric transformer that comprises in this ignition system, make it possible in piezoelectric element, produce internal feedback, when in the sparking-plug electrode ignition gap, high frequency radiation taking place, cause its output signal counter-rotating with box lunch.
Introduce two by piezoelectric element (one of them links to each other with synchronous input end to the feedback of generator, another links to each other with the discharge control input end), make the counter-rotating synchronised constantly of the frequency of generator and piezoelectric element output signal, and the electric current in the spark clearance is fixed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the relation curve of spark plug electrode voltage in already known processes.
Fig. 2 is a time-scale, shows technology proposed by the invention.
Fig. 3 is the skeleton diagram according to ignition system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the chart of controlling impulse voltage and excitation voltage.
Fig. 5 shows the skeleton diagram according to another conversion of ignition system of the present invention.
Realize mode of the present invention
Referring to Fig. 2, wherein show: the voltage axis between the U-sparking-plug electrode; The t-time; U
Initially-initial spark discharge voltage; U
Repetitional discharge-repetition spark discharge voltage; U
Stable-burning voltage; t
IncreaseThe endurance that-electric field strength progressively increases; t
ReduceThe endurance that-electric field strength progressively reduces.
Before sparkover took place, the electric field strength in the spark clearance was at time t
IncreaseIn progressively increase to U
Initially, this is an AC field.Electric field strength progressively is reduced to setting value U then
StableAnd should be worth fixing.After high frequency radiation took place in the spark clearance, direction of an electric field was inverted and electric field strength rises to the sparkover value (U of spark clearance again
Repetitional discharge), U
Repetitional dischargeLess than U
Initially, and electric field strength progressively is reduced to setting value U again
Stable, and this value is fixed.Repeat this process some times then, finish up to ignition cycle.Then, electric field is at time t
ReduceIn progressively reduce.
Shown in Figure 3 be used to realize that the skeleton diagram of the ignition system of I. C. engine oil gas mixture ignition process of the present invention comprises: spark plug 5; Piezoelectric transformer 2; And have the generator 1 that opens and closes input end 7, the output terminal of this generator is connected with the input end of piezoelectric transformer 2.Also comprise combine with piezoelectric transformer 2 in design relocate vibrator circuit 3, the latter forms single piezoelectric element 4 with the former, the result forms internal feedback 6.The output terminal of piezoelectric element 4 links to each other with the electrode of spark plug 5.
The working procedure of this circuit is as follows.Cycle is T
Continue=20-200msec, endurance are t
ContinueThe control impuls of=2-5msec is sent to the opening and closing input end 7 of generator 1 and the work that makes it (is seen Fig. 4 a).This control impuls depends on the rotating speed of I. C. engine crankshaft, and has determined the zero hour and the endurance of gas mixture ignition cycle.Endurance t in the control impuls of generator 1 output
ContinueIn, sinusoidal signal (seeing Fig. 4 b) enters the input end of piezoelectric transformer 2, again the electrode that vibrator circuit 3 (forming single piezoelectric element with piezoelectric transformer 2) enters spark plug 5 that relocates through connecting.
Relevant with the high quality factor of piezoelectric element 4, the amplitude of the sinusoidal signal of its output terminal is at time t
IncreaseProgressively increase to amplitude U according to rule [1-exp (t/2)] in=0.5msec (see figure 2)
Initially=10KV is promptly up to the moment of discharging and beginning.This has guaranteed that spark clearance internal electric field intensity progressively increases (step a).
In the moment of discharge beginning, voltage progressively is reduced to setting value U
Stable=650V.In fact, this value is maintained to the end of the current half-cycle phase of step (b) and activation voltage (c).This setting value is that the sinusoidal amplitude of increase by the input end of selecting to send to piezoelectric element 4 obtains.
When in electrode gap high frequency radiation taking place, the internal feedback work in the piezoelectric element causes the counter-rotating of its output signal.
The existence of internal feedback be because: when high frequency radiation took place in electrode gap, rapid change appearred in the output impedance of spark plug 5.This makes the interior polarization vector of surface layer that relocates vibrator circuit 3 reorientate, and therefore phase place changes (thereby internal feedback 6 of realization piezoelectric element 4) than step takes place when sound wave is propagated in piezoelectric transformer 2.As a result, the output voltage of the piezoelectric element (step d) of reversing.
In the next halftime, owing in the electrode gap of spark plug 5, there is remaining ionization (free radicals) (step e), so voltage rises to sparkover level U
Repetitional discharge=2KV, this is initial sparkover level U
InitiallyAbout 1/5th.Form discharge in this halftime after, voltage drops to setting value U again
StableIn fact, this value is maintained to the end (step c and g) of the current half-cycle phase of activation voltage.
In each halftime, repeat this technology, finish up to the effect of the activation voltage of piezoelectric element 4 input ends.
After acting on the activation voltage end effect of piezoelectric element 4 input ends, the amplitude of the sinusoidal signal of its output terminal begins according to index law at time t
ReduceProgressively reduce in=the 0.5msec, this has guaranteed that ac electric field strength progressively reduces.
When next control impuls arrives, repeat this technology.
The skeleton diagram of ignition system shown in Figure 5 and the difference of skeleton diagram shown in Figure 3 are that generator 1 also comprises synchronous input end 8 and discharge control input end 9.Have two feedbacks from piezoelectric element, one of them links to each other with the synchronous input end 8 of generator 1, and another links to each other with discharge control input end 9.
By the feedback that generator synchronous input end 8 is introduced, make the phase change synchronised of output signal of the counter-rotating of output signal of piezoelectric element 4 and generator 1.And feedback is connected to the discharge control input end 9 of generator 1, make for example by changing the output power of generator 1, the current value that can be maintained fixed automatically in the electrode gap of spark plug 5.
The experiment of carrying out shows that the eigenvalue of this technology is as follows: U
Initially=8-14KV; t
Increase=0.4-0.6msec; Minimizing time=the 3-10nsec of the electric field strength after the sparkover; Electric field strength during the counter-rotating the rise time=0.5-1 μ sec; U
Repetitional discharge=1-2KV; U
Stable=400-800V; t
DischargeThe endurance=10-14 μ sec; t
Reduce=0.4-0.6msec.Because burning is more abundant, so this technology can fuel saving 15-30%, reduces toxic substance 20-30%.
Claims (9)
1. the ignition process of gas mixture in the internal-combustion engine is characterized in that this technology comprises the steps sequence:
(a) increase the interior electric field strength of spark clearance, pass through this gap up to electrical spark;
(b) progressively reduce electric field strength to one setting value;
(c) make this intensity level keep 2.5-25 μ sec, up to high frequency radiation takes place in spark clearance;
(d) direction of counter-rotating electric field;
(e) increase the interior electric field strength of spark clearance, pass through this gap up to electrical spark;
(f) progressively reduce electric field strength to one setting value;
(g) make this intensity level keep 2.5-25 μ sec, up to high frequency radiation takes place in spark clearance;
(h) make electric field away from spark plug.
2. according to the technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that repeating step (d)-(g) some times finishes up to the gas mixture ignition cycle.
3. according to the technology of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that step (a) is carried out in AC field.
4. according to the technology of claim 3, it is characterized in that use the harmonic alternating current electric field in step (a), the length of each continuous half-wave surpasses the length of previous half-wave in this electric field.
5. according to the technology of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, only by the power down field of making a return journey of its sign of conversion repeatedly.
6. according to the technology of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that in step (b) with (f), the electric current in the spark clearance is constant.
7. according to the technology of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that, in step (c) with keep the setting value of electric field strength (g), up to high frequency radiation takes place in spark clearance.
8. the ignition system of gas mixture in the internal-combustion engine, this system comprises: spark plug; Piezoelectric transformer; And have the generator that opens and closes input end, its output terminal is connected with the input end of piezoelectric transformer, it is characterized in that, also comprise and relocate vibrator circuit, it combines with piezoelectric transformer in design, form a single piezoelectric element with it jointly, the output terminal of this element links to each other with sparking-plug electrode.
9. ignition system according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that, generator also comprises synchronous input end and discharge control input end, introduce two by the feedback of piezoelectric element by them to generator, one of them links to each other with described synchronous input end, and another links to each other with described generator discharge control input end.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU1998/000373 WO2000029745A1 (en) | 1998-11-12 | 1998-11-12 | Method for igniting the air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1322279A true CN1322279A (en) | 2001-11-14 |
Family
ID=20130289
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98814311A Pending CN1322279A (en) | 1998-11-12 | 1998-11-12 | Method for igniting air-fuel mixture in internal combustion engine |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1124059A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002530571A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20010109518A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1322279A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU760306B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9816115A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2350454A1 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA003162B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01004858A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000029745A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103857901A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2014-06-11 | 日产自动车株式会社 | Internal-combustion engine ignition device and ignition method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009016668B4 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2020-04-02 | Mwi Micro Wave Ignition Ag | Combustion process for a spark ignition internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2623865A1 (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1977-12-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | IGNITION SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR FOR COMBUSTION MACHINERY |
| SU907290A1 (en) * | 1980-06-19 | 1982-02-23 | Уфимский авиационный институт им. Орджоникидзе | Capacitor ignition system piesoelectric generator |
| JPS57206776A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-12-18 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Plasma ignition device |
| JPS58131367A (en) * | 1982-01-29 | 1983-08-05 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Ignition device for internal-combustion engine |
| SU1368936A1 (en) | 1986-04-07 | 1988-01-23 | Институт Проблем Машиностроения Ан Усср | Spark plug for i.c.engine |
| SU1464274A1 (en) | 1987-07-21 | 1989-03-07 | Ленинградский Электротехнический Институт Связи Им.Проф.М.А.Бонч-Бруевича | D.c. to quasisine stepped a.c. voltage converter |
| RU2056521C1 (en) * | 1994-06-16 | 1996-03-20 | Владимир Андреевич Щербатюк | Method of ignition of fuel mixture in internal combustion engine and its ignition system switch |
| JP3669600B2 (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 2005-07-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Ignition device for internal combustion engine |
-
1998
- 1998-11-12 BR BR9816115-6A patent/BR9816115A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-12 WO PCT/RU1998/000373 patent/WO2000029745A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-12 AU AU26448/99A patent/AU760306B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-11-12 KR KR1020017006045A patent/KR20010109518A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-12 JP JP2000582710A patent/JP2002530571A/en active Pending
- 1998-11-12 CN CN98814311A patent/CN1322279A/en active Pending
- 1998-11-12 EA EA200100488A patent/EA003162B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-12 MX MXPA01004858A patent/MXPA01004858A/en unknown
- 1998-11-12 EP EP98966931A patent/EP1124059A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-12 CA CA002350454A patent/CA2350454A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103857901A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2014-06-11 | 日产自动车株式会社 | Internal-combustion engine ignition device and ignition method |
| CN103857901B (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | 日产自动车株式会社 | The igniter of internal combustion engine and ignition method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2644899A (en) | 2000-06-05 |
| WO2000029745A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
| MXPA01004858A (en) | 2002-09-18 |
| EP1124059A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
| EA003162B1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
| AU760306B2 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
| KR20010109518A (en) | 2001-12-10 |
| CA2350454A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
| BR9816115A (en) | 2001-08-14 |
| EA200100488A1 (en) | 2001-10-22 |
| JP2002530571A (en) | 2002-09-17 |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |