Contain the manufacture method of internal channel mould and the application in directional solidification thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to casting technology field, the particularly a kind of manufacture method that contains the internal channel mould and application thereof that can be applied to directional solidification.
Background technology
When adopting the sand mold die cast,, make the liquid metals directional solidification, chill (" analog simulation of casting engineering and quality control " is set in sand mold usually in order to obtain the foundry goods of better quality, Liu Baicheng, Jing Tao etc. write, China Machine Press, in January, 2002, P22, P70~71).Yet the caloric receptivity of chill is certain, can not regulate in case be arranged in the sand mold again, and for complicated shape, large-scale foundry goods, be difficult to solidify the quality that order guarantees foundry goods by the method control liquid metals that chill is set in sand mold.For metal die, adopt the bulk metal blank usually, through car, mill, cutting machine processing methods such as mill, plane, brill, remove the mould that the bulk metal blank is manufactured after the unnecessary metal different shape.When needing internal channel in the mould, as application number is the cooling system that 02263967.5 Chinese utility model patent discloses a kind of die casting, then the method by boring from different directions forms through hole, install water nozzle in the gateway, and fabrication hole blocked, thereby form cooling circuit passage in the metal die.Yet the method for boring can only process straight hole, and the position in cloth hole also is subjected to the restriction of drilling processing method; When needs circular passage, irregularly shaped passage, then can't realize by the method for boring.Application number is that 02152824.1 Chinese invention patent discloses a kind of directional solidification casting method and equipment, once orientablely solidifies a plurality of foundry goods, but equipment and operating process are still complicated, the complicated shape that also can't be shaped, large-scale foundry goods.Application number is that 03146852.7 Chinese invention patent has been described a kind of casting method and device thereof of directional solidification, yet does not disclose the manufacture method of its die device.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that prior art exists, provide a kind of simple to operate, control easily, reliably can be satisfied big molded dimension and the method that the internal channel mould is made that contains that can be applied to directional solidification irregular, complicated shape, and be suitable for producing in batches.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the manufacture method that originally contains the internal channel mould comprises the steps and process conditions: be required shape and size with pipe fitting forming at first, then at least two pipe fittings be arranged in the relevant position of the required passage of mould; In the process of mould, pipe fitting is fixed in the mould, constitute internal channel in the mould by pipe fitting, form the mould that contains internal channel; Set process conditions satisfy pipe fitting and do not melt in this process; The pipe fitting of arranging in mould all has independently gateway.
In the process of described mould, pipe fitting is placed among the moulding of Modeling Material, constitute internal channel in the moulding, form the mould that contains internal channel by pipe fitting; Described Modeling Material can be the moulding sand of casting usefulness, forms the sand mold mould that contains internal channel.
In the process of described mould, pipe fitting is placed among the moulding of ceramic material, constitute internal channel in the moulding, form the ceramic die that contains internal channel after the oven dry sintering by pipe fitting.
In the process of described mould, pipe fitting is among the fluid, after fluid solidifies, just pipe fitting is fixed among the part,, form the part that contains internal channel by the internal channel in the pipe fitting constituent part.
In the process of described mould, fluid is the metal fluid of heat, pipe fitting is among the liquid metal of heat, after liquid metal reduction temperature is solidified, just pipe fitting is fixed among the metal, constitutes internal channel in the metal, form the metal parts that contains internal channel by pipe fitting, described metal parts is metal die, or the metal die blank.
In the process of described mould, metal fluid is metal liquid or the semi-solid-state metal with thixotropic property, can contain nonmetal composition or ceramic powders in the metal fluid.
Described metal die blank can carry out follow-up machining to it and reach accurate dimension and low surface roughness.
In order to realize the present invention better, use the mould that the described manufacture method that contains the internal channel mould is made, the fluent material in the input die cavity is carried out directional solidification.Can use the described internal channel mould that contains, the fluid that input temp is lower than mold temperature in the passage that is made of pipe fitting cools off mould, and the temperature field on the control mould makes the fluent material in the input die cavity carry out directional solidification.Can use the described internal channel mould that contains, the fluid that input temp is higher than mold temperature in the passage that is made of pipe fitting heats mould, and the temperature field on the control mould makes the fluent material in the input die cavity carry out directional solidification.Can use the described internal channel mould that contains, in pipe fitting, arrange electrical heating elements, the energising heating mould, the temperature field on the control mould makes the fluent material in the input die cavity carry out directional solidification.Can on mould, arrange temperature sensor, gather the temperature information on the mould, control system is according to the break-make of the electric current of the circulation of the relevant information control fluid of gathering and heating element heater, thereby controls the Temperature Distribution on the mould in good time, makes the directional solidification of the fluent material in the die cavity.
Each hollow cooling duct that is made of pipe fitting can be provided with separately in the described mould; Can control the flow and the flow velocity of cooling fluid in the every hollow cooling duct so separately, thus the cooling extent size of controlled molding jig regional area.
Each heating element heater connects with different gauge tap respectively in the described mould, can control the heated condition of each heating element heater so separately, thus the intensification amplitude size of controlled molding jig regional area.
Described hollow cooling duct and the heating element heater that is made of pipe fitting is provided with alternately, also can be arranged in other version as required; The arranged distribution of hollow cooling duct and heating element heater will guarantee that the temperature of arbitrary region can be controlled effectively in the die cavity.
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
(1) the invention provides a kind of manufacture method that contains the internal channel mould, can in mould, form the internal channel that constitutes by pipe fitting easily, and the shape of internal channel and residing position can flexible design in mould has solved large-scale and has contained a manufacturing difficult problem irregular, complicated shape internal channel mould.
(2) the containing the internal channel mould and can control temperature field on the mould easily of the method for the invention manufacturing, can carry out directional solidification to fluent material in the die cavity, thereby can guarantee the quality of foundry goods, and can produce high-quality heavy castings.
(3) utilize containing the internal channel mould and can realizing not having surplus or few surplus hot investment casting of the method for the invention manufacturing.
(4) the present invention is simple to operate, and control easily, reliably is suitable for producing in enormous quantities and uses, and range of application is wider, good market prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the invention 1 described internal channel sand mold mode structure schematic diagram that contains.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention 1~5 described a kind of schematic diagram that contains used fitting structure of internal channel mould and pipe fitting layout,
Fig. 3 is that pipe fitting dissects schematic cross-section in formation Fig. 1, Fig. 4~6.
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the invention 2 described sand mold die cast contain internal channel metal die structural representation.
Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the invention 3,4 described sand mold die cast contain internal channel metal die structural representation.
Fig. 6 is that the embodiment of the invention 5 application contain the tool structure schematic diagram that the internal channel metal die carries out directional solidification casting.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment will prepare is to contain the sand mold mould of internal channel and application to contain internal channel sand mold mould and carry out directional solidification.
Structure as shown in Figure 1, in Fig. 1, the 1st, casing, the 2nd, case lid, the 3rd, moulding sand, the 4th, heating element heater, the 5th, pipe fitting, the 6th, temperature sensor, the 7th, die cavity, the 8th, running channel, the 9th, heat tracing element, the 10th, rising head.The pipe fitting of doing to use hollow cooling duct 5 is connected with the cooling fluid supply member by control valve, its version as shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram (all pipe fittings do not draw among the figure) that fitting structure and pipe fitting are arranged, Fig. 3 is the slice location schematic diagram that pipe fitting dissects the cross section among formation Fig. 1; Pipe fitting is made of cooling water input port 11, delivery port 12, transition portion 13 and annular section 14, and the concrete structure when wherein the length of transition portion 13 and shape are according to installation is determined.Both can be according to the shape and size of being determined pipe fitting 5 by the position in the shape of forming part and the mould of living in, when the part of institute's moulding not simultaneously, pipe fitting can bend to different shapes and be arranged in different positions.Heating element heater 4 is connected with power supply by switch, and control valve and switch are connected with control piece, and temperature sensor 6 is close to the position near the die cavity die wall, and the temperature information of gathering is sent to control system.
Originally the preparation process that contains internal channel sand mold mould is specific as follows: at first tube bending is become version as shown in Figure 2, and with shown in Figure 1 in the consistent size of pipe fitting 5 distribution correspondence positions, adopting molding sand in casing 1 during moulding, pipe fitting 5, heating element heater 4 and temperature sensor 6 are embedded in corresponding fixed-site, cooling water input port 11, the delivery port 12 of pipe fitting are in outside the casing 1, so that connect water pipe; Lead is linked to each other with heating element heater 4 and temperature sensor 6, and receive control system.Control system comprises heating element heater control section, cooling duct control section, Thermocouple Temperature Acquisition part, links to each other with the PLCI/O module, via interface operation, by the control software control.The employing foamed material is shaped to the shape of die cavity 7, and is communicated with the running channel 8 that is surrounded by heat tracing element 9.The case lid that closes has then obtained the sand mold mould that contains internal channel that pipe fitting forms afterwards, can be applied to directional solidification.
Should to carry out the process of directional solidification specific as follows with containing internal channel sand mold mould: at first give be distributed in the sand mold 3 and rising head 10 and running channel 8 on heating element heater 4 and 9 energisings, preheating sand mold 3 and running channel 8, then overheated metal liquid is watered in the rising head 10, metal liquid enters die cavity 7 through running channel 8, make the foamed material gasification in the die cavity 7, and the gas in the discharge type chamber, in die cavity, be full of metal liquid, and remain with the needed molten metal of enough feeding in the rising head 10; Temperature sensor 6 can be measured the temperature at each position; Heating element heater 4 and the hollow cooling duct 5 that is made of pipe fitting are incubated the metal liquid in casting mold and the casting mold by the temperature information that obtains or cool off; Both the break-make of cooling fluid in the every hollow cooling duct and the size of output can be controlled separately, also the break-make of each heating element heater and the size of power can be controlled separately.When cooling procedure begins, lead to cooling waters at first for the hollow cooling duct 5 that constitutes by pipe fitting of casting mold topmost, make metal liquid begin crystallization from topmost, crystal plane constantly moves from top to bottom, temperature information by each position of obtaining is judged the residing position of crystal plane, make successively and be distributed in the heating element heater in the contacted sand mold mould of crystalline material zone and stop heating, make and be distributed in and the logical cooling water in the hollow cooling duct in the contacted sand mold mould of crystalline material solid phase zone, along with crystal plane constantly moves from top to bottom, dynamic control is carried out in the cooling of the hollow cooling duct 5 that constitutes to the heating of heating element heater 4 with by pipe fitting; Reach the crossover position of running channel 8 and die cavity 7 when crystal plane after, the foundry goods in the casting mold is completed into, makes all heating element heater outages, gives all hollow cooling ducts logical cooling water, the metal liquid final set in the rising head 10.After the casting mold cooling, open mould, take out foundry goods.In the liquid material process of setting, can guarantee all the time to be connected by fluent material between crystal plane and liquid material input port or the rising head, fluent material can be continuously to crystal plane replenish since fluent material solidify with temperature reduce the solidification shrinkage that causes, liquidly shrink, the required material of Solid State Contraction, the situation that the material that can not occur being solidified between crystal plane and liquid material input port or the rising head cuts off.Can the large-sized foundry goods of moulding according to the method, and guarantee the quality of foundry goods.
Embodiment 2
What present embodiment will prepare is the metal die that contains internal channel, also can be directly formed to metal parts.Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1 except that following process: steel pipe fitting 5 is arranged in the die cavity 7 (transition portion 13 by fixed fitting 5 is among the die cavity 7 annular section 14 of pipe fitting 5) as Fig. 4, be filled in the die cavity 7 with wax pattern, the metal liquid that pours into after the dewax is a copper alloy liquid, after copper alloy liquid solidifies, just steel pipe fitting 5 is fixed among the copper alloy part, forms the consistent copper alloy die component module 15 that contains internal channel of shape and size and die cavity as shown in Figure 67.
Embodiment 3
What present embodiment will prepare is the metal die part that contains internal channel.Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1 except that following process: steel pipe fitting 5 is arranged in the die cavity 7 (transition portion 13 by fixed fitting 5 is among the die cavity 7 annular section 14 of pipe fitting 5) as Fig. 5, be filled in the die cavity 7 with wax pattern, the metal liquid that pours into after the dewax is a copper alloy liquid, after copper alloy liquid solidifies, just part 5 pipes are fixed among the copper alloy part, form the consistent copper alloy die component module 16 that contains internal channel of shape and size and die cavity as shown in Figure 67.
Embodiment 4
What present embodiment will prepare is the metal die part that contains internal channel.Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 3 except that following process: be mixed with the silicon carbide ceramics powder in the copper alloy liquid.
Embodiment 5
What present embodiment will prepare is to contain the metal die of internal channel and the application in directional solidification thereof.
Originally the preparation process that contains the internal channel metal die is specific as follows: with copper alloy component module 15 that contains internal channel and the module of making among embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 16, reach accurate dimension and low surface roughness through follow-up machining, get out aperture from the back side of mold cavity face, temperature sensor 6 is arranged in the aperture, described temperature sensor 6 is close to the position near the die cavity die wall, is assembled into the metal mold of structure shown in Figure 6.In Fig. 6, module 16 and module 15 are by screw lock, be combined into casting mold, rising head 10 inserts in casting mold one end, be provided with running channel 8 in the rising head 10, the hollow cooling duct 5 that is made of pipe fitting is connected with the cooling fluid supply member by control valve, and heating element heater 4 is connected with power supply by switch, and control valve and switch are connected with control piece.Lead is linked to each other with heating element heater 4 and temperature sensor 6, and receive control system.Control system comprises heating element heater control section, cooling duct control section, Thermocouple Temperature Acquisition part, links to each other with PLC I/O module, via interface operation, by the control software control.Originally the metal die that contains internal channel can be applied to directional solidification.
What present embodiment used that the metal die contain internal channel will prepare is directional solidification shell shape foundry goods.Employed mould as shown in Figure 6, the preparation process of this directional solidification shell shape foundry goods is specific as follows: at first coat releasing agent in cavity surface, give and be distributed in module 16, module 15, rising head 10, and 4 energisings of the heating element heater on the running channel 8, with module 16, module 15, rising head 10, and running channel 8 is preheating to 520 ℃, the almag liquid that will be superheated to 720 ℃ then waters in the rising head 10, almag liquid enters die cavity through running channel 8, and the gas in the discharge type chamber, in die cavity, be full of almag liquid, and remain with the needed molten metal of enough feeding in the rising head 10.Be distributed in module 16, module 15, rising head 10, and running channel 8 on temperature sensor 6 measure the temperature at each position, heating element heater 4 and by the temperature information that obtains the aluminum alloy melt in casting mold and the casting mold is incubated or cools off by the hollow cooling duct 5 that pipe fitting constitutes.Both can control the break-make of cooling fluid in the every hollow cooling duct 5 that constitutes by pipe fitting and the size of liquid supply rate separately, also can control the break-make of each heating element heater 4 and the size of power separately.When cooling procedure begins, at first give the lowermost hollow cooling duct of casting mold 5 logical cooling waters, make almag liquid from the most beneath beginning crystallization, crystal plane constantly moves from bottom to top, temperature information by each position of obtaining is judged the residing position of crystal plane, make successively and be distributed in the heating element heater 4 of the contacted die region of crystalline material and stop heating, make the hollow cooling duct 5 logical cooling waters that are distributed in the contacted die region of crystalline material solid phase, along with crystal plane constantly moves from bottom to top, dynamic control is carried out in the cooling of the hollow cooling duct 5 that constitutes to the heating of heating element heater 4 with by pipe fitting; Reach the crossover position of running channel 8 and die cavity 7 when crystal plane after, the foundry goods in the casting mold is completed into, makes all heating element heater outages, gives all hollow cooling ducts logical cooling water, the metal liquid final set in the rising head 10.After the casting mold cooling, unload rising head 10, open mould, take out shell shape foundry goods from casting mold.In the liquid material process of setting, can guarantee all the time to be connected by fluent material between crystal plane and liquid material input port or the rising head, fluent material can be continuously to crystal plane replenish since fluent material solidify with temperature reduce the solidification shrinkage that causes, liquidly shrink, the required material of Solid State Contraction, the situation that the material that can not occur being solidified between crystal plane and liquid material input port or the rising head cuts off.In quick cooling procedure, the preface that can only distribute in the module, just passable by the certain procedure cooling, need not to control according to the temperature information of gathering again.The cooling duct.After the cooled and solidified process procedures is determined, as long as the logical cooling water in control cooling duct is suitable
Embodiment 6
Earthenware is placed among the moulding of ceramic material, form the ceramic die that contains internal channel after oven dry, the sintering.