CN1317753C - 封装晶片的夹持装置 - Google Patents

封装晶片的夹持装置 Download PDF

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CN1317753C
CN1317753C CNB021491682A CN02149168A CN1317753C CN 1317753 C CN1317753 C CN 1317753C CN B021491682 A CNB021491682 A CN B021491682A CN 02149168 A CN02149168 A CN 02149168A CN 1317753 C CN1317753 C CN 1317753C
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秦厚敬
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Yudong Plasm Technology Co., Ltd.
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YUDONG ELECTRIC SLURRY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种封装晶片的夹持装置,其中夹持装置包括有多个夹持爪、多片弹力片及热源。多个夹持爪分别对应于封装晶片的多个侧边,且每一夹持爪均具有一晶片承载部和一晶片夹持部。晶片承载部用于支持封装晶片而晶片夹持部用于扣夹封装晶片的多个侧边。多片弹力片各具有一固定端和一展开端,所有固定端相互结合为一体,而展开端分别与多个夹持爪结合。热源用于加热封装晶片并间接熔化锡球。夹持方法是先将夹持爪的晶片承载部***至封装晶片与印刷电路板之间的间隙处,接着对封装晶片表面加热使锡球熔化,最后对弹力片的固定端施以一向上的拉力,将封装晶片从电路板上拔除。

Description

封装晶片的夹持装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于移除粘着在印刷电路板上的封装晶片的夹持装置及其夹持方法。
背景技术
随着半导体技术的日新月异,集成电路的集密度越来越大,为此,球闸阵列封装(ball-grid array package;BGA package)已成为一种相当重要的超大型集成电路的封装技术。
如图1所示,球闸阵列封装是将切割下来的半导体晶粒(semiconductordie)20通过晶粒粘着层22粘着在一封装基板10上,该封装基板10的表面由焊接护罩(solder mask)12所覆盖,用于绝缘以及防止封装基板10上的导线14被氧化。并且借助于多根焊线18将半导体晶粒20与封装基板10上的导线(conductive traces)14连接起来。接下来利用一铸模制程(molding)在所述封装基板10的正面形成一树脂模制层26,以覆盖及保护半导体晶粒20及焊线18。另一方面,在所述封装基板10的背面有多个锡球(solderball)28焊接在焊垫(solder Pads)30上,该焊垫30与通孔(through via)16电性耦合连接,而通孔16又与导线14电性耦合连接后与焊线18连接,从而构成BGA封装晶片的封装过程。待完成封装后的BGA封装晶片利用表面粘着技术(Surface Mounting Technology,SMT)将该封装晶片上的多个锡球28对应粘着在印刷电路板34的多个焊垫36上,电性导通封装晶片和印刷电路板。
对于熟悉该制作过程的技术人员来说一般都了解,即将封装晶片粘着在印刷电路板上后,需经过电性测试,以确定元件的功能是否能正常运作,如果测试结果显示封装晶片有问题,则需对该封装晶片采取如下的步骤操作:
1.为每个有问题的封装晶片建立一条温度曲线;
2.取下该有问题的封装晶片;
3.去除残留的焊锡并清洗该区域;
4.贴装新的BGA封装晶片;
5.回流焊。
下面对每一步骤作详细解释:
1.建立温度曲线
BGA对温度控制的要求相当高,即必须逐步加热整个BGA封装,使焊接点发生回流。如果不严格控制温度、温度上升速率及保持时间,回流焊就不会同时发生,而且还可能损坏器件。因此,为取下BGA而建立一条稳定的温度曲线则需要一定的技巧。而设计人员并不是总能得到每个封装的资讯,利用尝试方法可能会对基板、周围的器件或浮起的焊盘造成热损坏。
具有丰富BGA返修经验的技术人员主要依靠破坏性方法来确定适当的温度曲线。即在PCB上钻孔,使焊点暴露出来,然后将热偶连接到焊点上。这样,就可以为每个被监测的焊点建立一条温度曲线。一旦为基板和BGA建立了温度曲线,就能够对其进行编程,以便重复使用。
2.取下有问题的封装晶片
利用一些热风加热***,可以比较容易地取下BGA。通常,某一温度(由温度曲线确定)的热风从喷嘴喷出,使焊锡回流,但不会损坏基板或周围元件。喷嘴的类型随设备或技术人员的喜好而不同。一些喷嘴使热风在BGA器件的上部和底部流动,一些喷嘴则水平移动热风,还有一些喷嘴只将热风喷在BGA的上方。也有人喜欢用带罩的喷嘴,它可直接将热风集中在器件上,从而保护周围的器件。
3.去除残留的焊锡并清洗该区域
在粘着新的BGA之前,应先清洗该返修区域。这一步骤只能由人工进行作业,因此技术人员的技巧非常重要。如果清洗不充分,新的BGA将不能正确回流,基板也可能被损坏而不能修复。
在大批量返修BGA时,常用的工具包括有拆焊烙铁和热风拆焊装置。热风拆焊装置是先加热焊盘表面,然后用真空装置吸走熔融焊锡。拆焊烙铁虽然使用方便,但要求技术熟练的人员作业。如果使用不当,拆焊烙铁很容易损坏印制板和焊盘。
在去除残留焊锡以后,用适当的溶剂清洗这一区域。此时,可以用毛刷刷掉残留的助焊剂。为了对新器件进行适当的回流焊,PCB必须很干净。
4.贴装新的BGA封装晶片
重新贴装元件时,为避免损坏新的BGA,而使预热、温度上升速率及温度保持时间都非常关键。
5.回流焊
印刷电路板以及晶片通过回焊炉后即可完成此表面粘着过程。
一般来说,上述所有步骤中除了步骤2以外都可以自行处理。因此许多企业都会委托专业车间来处理步骤2中封装晶片取下的工作,但是专业车间所收取的费用将会增加产品不少的成本。并且在电路板连同封装晶片在送至专业车间处理后再送回的过程也会增加不少工作时间。另由于取下封装晶片的设备造价十分昂贵,对于一般企业来说购买此设备又将是很大的负担,因此,越来越多的企业都是利用简单的工具,自己来拔除有问题的封装晶片,但是往往会因为拔除工具过于粗糙,造成封装晶片受损。常见的情形有,使用普通的钳子来夹取封装晶片,因为钳子对封装晶片施力不均,在受力过大的一侧印刷电路板上的焊垫会受损,造成该印刷电路板无法使用。所以为使BGA在维修时更具成本效益,夹取过程中不伤害封装晶片和电路板,是本发明中创作人的研创动机所在。
发明内容
本发明中封装晶片的夹持装置及其夹持方法主要是为了解决维修封装晶片成本过高、各种大小尺寸的类封装晶片需配备不同尺寸工具的问题。
本发明中封装晶片的夹持装置及其夹持方法还为了解决封装晶片会因为温度过高而受损,或由于温度不到拔除温度,因过早拔除而造成封装晶片或印刷电路板损坏的问题。
本发明中封装晶片的夹持装置及其夹持方法还为了解决因拔除时施力过大而造成封装晶片或印刷电路板损坏的问题。
本发明中的夹持装置,用于夹取结合在印刷电路板上的封装晶片,该封装晶片具有多个侧边,其与印刷电路板之间是通过多个锡球相结合,而在封装晶片的底面与该印刷电路板的表面之间具有一适当间隙,该封装晶片的夹取装置包括:
多个分别对应于封装晶片侧边的夹持爪,每一夹持爪均具有一封装晶片承载部及一封装晶片夹持部,该封装晶片承载部***在封装晶片与印刷电路板的间隙处,并且该封装晶片的夹持部扣合在封装晶片的一侧边底部;
多个分别具有一固定端及一展开端的弹力片,所述弹力片的固定端结合成一体,而展开端分别与所述夹持爪结合;以及
一用于加热所述封装晶片并使锡球熔化的热源。
本发明中封装晶片的夹持装置的动作方式如下:首先将夹持爪的晶片承载部***到封装晶片与印刷电路板之间的间隙处,之后对封装晶片表面加热使锡球熔化,然后对弹力片的固定端施以一向上的拉力将封装晶片从印刷电路板上拔除。
在实施本发明中的夹持装置时,当夹持爪的晶片承载部***到封装晶片下方的过程中,与夹持爪连接的多片弹力片的展开端会因为受力而向外伸张,但由于其本身为弹性材料的缘故,会产生一向内侧集中的弹力在夹持爪上,借助于该弹力可使夹持爪的夹持部约束在封装晶片的多个侧边上,达到夹持封装晶片的目的。对于大小尺寸不同的封装晶片,都可借该形变后的弹力来达到夹持的目的,而不用依照封装晶片尺寸再更换其他尺寸的夹具。
最好,所述封装晶片的夹持装置还包括有一用于调整弹力片弹力的约束环,该约束环穿过所述多片弹力片,并可上下活动于弹力片表面,借助于该约束环上下位置的调整而来增加或减少弹力片的张力,从而可避免在封装晶片与印刷电路板分离的过程中,弹力片夹持不紧造成封装晶片跳离或掉落的情况。
最好,所述夹持爪还包括有一用于测量锡球温度的温度测量装置,该温度测量装置为一热偶,借助于该温度测量装置所提供的数值来控制封装晶片的加热温度,从而可避免因为温度过高而使封装晶片受损,或由于温度不及拔除温度,过早拔除而造成封装晶片以及印刷电路板的损坏。
最好,所述封装晶片的夹持装置还包括有一用于测量封装晶片所受拉力的拉力测量装置,该拉力测量装置与弹力片的固定端相连接。根据该拉力测量装置所提供的数值,可控制施力的大小,从而避免因为拔除时施力过大,而造成封装晶片以及印刷电路板的损坏。
由上述说明可知,本发明中封装晶片的夹持装置除了可以适用于各种大小尺寸不同的封装晶片外,还减少了更换其他尺寸的夹具的时间与耗费的人力,并且还可利用拉力和温度测量装置所提供的数值,来控制施力的大小及施力时间,从而有效地避免了因为拔除时施力过大或过早,而造成封装晶片及印刷电路板的损坏。
附图说明
下面将结合附图对本发明中的具体实施例作进一步详细说明。
图1是传统球闸阵列封装晶片的剖视示意图;
图2是本发明中封装晶片夹持装置在实施时的立体结构示意图;
图3是本发明中封装晶片夹持装置L形夹持爪的结构示意图;
图4是图2中所示弹力片固定端与中空方形铁片及拉力测量装置连接时的立体分解示意图;
图5是本发明中封装晶片夹持装置与约束环结合时的结构示意图;
图6是本发明中封装晶片夹持装置与加热风扇的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明中封装晶片的夹持装置主要用于移除已粘着在印刷电路板上的封装晶片,特别适用于各种尺寸不同的封装晶片。在利用本发明中的夹持装置后除可减少更换其他尺寸夹具所需的时间及耗费的人力之外,可大大降低维修成本,还可以利用外接测量装置所提供的数值来控制施力的大小以及施力的时间,以避免因为拔除时施力过大或过早,而造成封装晶片及印刷电路板的损坏。
如图2所示,本发明中封装晶片的夹持装置以具有四个夹持爪为例来说明,即其包括有四个夹持爪48,四片弹力片44及一热源(图中未示出)。将一印刷电路板34置于一工作平台40上,而一多边形BGA封装晶片42粘着在该印刷电路板34的表面34a上。其中,晶片的接脚(锡球28)为球闸阵列方式分布在封装晶片底面中心部分,因此该封装晶片42在粘着于印刷电路板34的表面后,在封装晶片各边底部仍有部分间隙,以供四个夹持爪48***。多个夹持爪48用于分别夹持封装晶片的四个侧边,且该四个夹持爪48的一端分别与四片弹力片44相连接。该四片弹力片44各具有一固定端44a和一展开端44b,其中,固定端44a受到四个由外向内的约束力52作用而相互结合成一体,展开端44b则分别与上述四个夹持爪48结合,在夹持封装晶片的过程中弹力片44会产生一方向向内的弹力46作为夹持晶片之用。上述热源(图中未示出)用于加热封装晶片并间接熔化锡球28。
如图3所示,上述实施例中的夹持爪48由具有L形剖面的导热材料制成,例如铁或铜等金属材料。其中,该L形夹持爪48可被区分成一晶片承载部70和一晶片夹持部72。晶片承载部70需***封装晶片的下表面42a与印刷电路板的上表面34a之间,一般来说,此间隔高度为0.5mm,因此该晶片承载部的厚度必须小于0.5mm,在此,晶片承载部70能否顺利***,需应特别注意。
如图4所示,一方形中空铁片60的四侧面分别与四片弹力片44的固定端44a相结合,借此约束四支弹力片44的一端。其中弹力片44与中空铁片60的结合方式为:首先在中空铁片60四面的等高位置处钻4个通孔62,另外在各弹力片44的固定端44a的等高位置处也各钻一通孔64,接着将螺丝66依序穿过中空铁片60的通孔62及弹力片44固定端的通孔64,并用螺栓68固定结合。借助于方形中空铁片60的约束可以使四片弹力片44的固定端44a相互结合。
本发明中夹持装置的夹持原理为:由于夹持爪的晶片承载部70是被***在封装晶片的下表面与印刷电路板的上表面之间,四片弹力片44的展开端由于受外力作用而向外张开,并且因为弹力片本身为弹性材料的缘故,会产生与外力相反方向的弹力,藉此弹力可使夹持爪的晶片夹持部72扣合在封装晶片的四边,达到夹持封装晶片的目的。而对于大小尺寸不同的封装晶片,都可以由该四个夹持爪来夹持,且不用依照封装晶片尺寸的不同而更换其他尺寸的封装晶片夹具,从而可大大减少操作的时间与购买封装晶片夹具的费用。
在上述实施例中,为了避免弹力片本身因为材料的弹性度差而造成形变后弹力会不足,使向上的拉力无法均匀地施于四个夹持爪48上,从而产生拔除时先后次序的情形,而该情况会导致拉力集中在封装晶片的一边,对封装晶片有所伤害。除此之外,当封装晶片与印刷电路板分离的过程中,夹持不紧也会造成封装晶片跳离或掉落的情况发生。针对此点,可以在弹力片44的外侧套合一个约束环来加以改善,如图5所示,在弹力片44的外侧套合一约束环90,借助于上下调整约束环90在弹力片44上的位置来增加或减少弹力片44的张力。即在拔取封装晶片42之前,将约束环90向下移动,弹力片44的张力会因此增大,能更稳固地夹持晶片,就算拔除时施力过大晶片也不会掉落。晶片和印刷电路板分离后,只要再将约束环90向上移动,使弹力片44的张力减小,从而很容易地就可取下晶片。因此弹力片44本身夹持不紧的情况可利用约束环90而轻易地获得解决。
除了上述晶片夹持松紧需要注意以外,由于锡球28的熔化温度为210℃,而封装晶片42所能承受的最高温度为245℃,因此在加热过程中,如果温度超过245℃则会对封装晶片造成破坏,而温度不足210℃又无法将锡球熔化并顺利地拔除封装晶片,因此温度的控制就需要十分谨慎。为此,本发明中的夹持装置是在L形夹持爪48上外接一温度测量装置,以便测量锡球的温度,如图3所示,该测量装置为一热偶,其测量端74与夹持爪48夹持部72的一面接触结合。由于该L形夹持爪48为一热的良导体,热能就会借助其传导,在锡球28被加热的同时,也依序传导至夹持爪的承载部70与夹持部72中,因此在加热的过程中封装晶片夹持部72的温度会十分接近锡球28的温度,再通过测量端74将夹持部72的温度传送到温度表76中显示出来。根据该温度表76中显示的温度来调整加热装置的加热温度,如果温度到达锡球28熔化温度即可施以拉力拔除封装晶片。
除了上述的温度测量装置以外,为了避免过早拔除而造成封装晶片及印刷电路受损,还可外接一拉力测量器作为保护封装晶片之用。举例来说,在对封装晶片加热的过程中,根据温度测量装置的数值,显示该封装晶片一边的温度已达到锡球熔化的温度,此时,施以一拉力欲拔除该封装晶片,但是封装晶片另一边却还未达到锡球28熔化的温度,此时拔除会伤害印刷电路板上的焊垫,会有需要重新补足该受损的焊垫,从而增加维修的负担。但较佳的对策为外接一拉力测量器在弹力片的固定端,根据该测量器的读数,对所施以的拉力大小进行控制。如图4所示,在一较佳的实施例中,一拉力测量器91的连结端92与中空铁片60相连。其连接方式可为先在中空铁片60上钻两个通孔94后,再利用一螺栓96穿过该两通孔94并以螺帽98固定,然后通过拉力测量器91的连结端92勾持螺栓96的本体部分即可。所施加的拉力F大小可通过拉力测量器91显示而加以控制,从而可避免施力过大造成焊垫受损。
上述实施例中的热源位于封装晶片42上方的一固定位置处,其较佳的实施方式为由一加热器80和一风扇82构成,如图6所示,由风扇82产生的气流通过加热器80形成一稳定的热空气84从上而下对封装晶片的上表面42a吹送。借助于该热空气对封装晶片的上表面进行加热,使封装晶片的上表面42a的温度升高,因为热传导的原理,封装晶片下表面的温度也会跟着升高,而位于封装晶片下方的锡球28与该封装晶片下表面因接触受热也跟着升温,借此达到加热锡球28的目的。其中,在加热器80外部连接一电源,以提供产生热能所需的电力,在风扇82的外部连接有一马达,作为风扇所需的动力来源,由于加热器与风扇均采用市售成熟产品,在此不再赘述。
热源的另一较佳实施例可以是在封装晶片上方设置一红外线加热装置,该红外线加热装置可发射红外线并从上而下照射在封装晶片的上表面上,以提供一稳定的加热源,并接着前述实施例的热传导过程达到加热锡球的目的。
本发明中封装晶片夹持装置的操作方法为:首先将多个夹持爪***封装晶片的下表面与印刷电路板的上表面之间。接着利用热源对封装晶片的上表面加热,并借助于热传导方式间接加热接触该封装晶片下表面的多个锡球。当锡球的温度达到熔化温度时,施以一向上的拉力在弹力片的固定端,使多个夹持爪将封装晶片拔起并与印刷电路板的上表面分离。
由上述说明可知,本发明所提供的封装晶片夹持装置,可以适用于各种尺寸的封装晶片,从而可减少更换其他尺寸夹具的时间与耗费的人力,大大降低维修晶片的成本。此外,利用外接测量装置所提供的数值,可控制施力的大小及施力的时间,从而避免因为拔除时施力过大或过早,而造成封装晶片以及印刷电路板的损坏。
当然,上述仅对本发明中BGA封装晶片夹持装置的一较佳实施例加以说明,并不是本发明所限定的保护范围,凡是任何熟习该项技术的技术人员在不违背本发明的设计精神而所做的修改与修饰,均应属于本发明的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种封装晶片的夹持装置,用于夹取结合在印刷电路板上的封装晶片,该封装晶片具有多个侧边,其与印刷电路板之间是通过多个锡球相结合,而在封装晶片的底面与该印刷电路板的表面之间具有一适当间隙,该封装晶片的夹取装置包括:
多个分别对应于封装晶片侧边的夹持爪,每一夹持爪均具有一封装晶片承载部及一封装晶片夹持部,该封装晶片承载部***在封装晶片与印刷电路板的间隙处,并且该封装晶片的夹持部扣合在封装晶片的一侧边底部;
多个分别具有一固定端及一展开端的弹力片,所述弹力片的固定端结合成一体,而展开端分别与所述夹持爪结合;以及
一用于加热所述封装晶片并使锡球熔化的热源。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的封装晶片的夹持装置,其特征在于:所述封装晶片的夹持装置包括有一用于调整多片弹力片弹力的约束环,该约束环穿过所述多片弹力片,并可上下活动于弹力片表面。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的封装晶片的夹持装置,其特征在于:所述夹持爪为L形铁片。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的封装晶片的夹持装置,其特征在于:所述夹持爪还包括有一用于测量锡球温度的温度测量装置。
5.根据权利要求4中所述的封装晶片的夹持装置,其特征在于:所述温度测量装置为一热偶。
6.根据权利要求1中所述的封装晶片的夹持装置,其特征在于:所述封装晶片的夹持装置更包括有一用于测量封装晶片所受拉力的拉力测量装置,该拉力测量装置与弹力片的固定端相连接。
7.根据权利要求1中所述的封装晶片的夹持装置,其特征在于:所述多片弹力片的固定端通过一方形中空铁片相互固定连接。
8.根据权利要求1中所述的封装晶片的夹持装置,其特征在于:所述热源为一加热器和一风扇,其中,所述风扇产生的气流通过加热器受热后加热封装晶片。
9.根据权利要求1中所述的封装晶片的夹持装置,其特征在于:所述热源为一红外线加热装置。
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