CN1312987C - Method of preventing and treating red fat large small moth by large scale artificial breeding, releasing large gnawing wax shell - Google Patents
Method of preventing and treating red fat large small moth by large scale artificial breeding, releasing large gnawing wax shell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for preventing and treating strong red turpentine beetles by manual mass propagation Dashalajia release, which belongs to the field of biological prevention and treatment. The method comprises propagation and release, wherein the propagation carried out at the room temperature of 20(+/-)2DEG C under the humidity of 70(+/-)5% comprises perfect insect culture, larva culture, larva pupation and low-temperature naturalization of the perfect insects; an injured host tree is selected in each mu of wood land in a fine weather to directly place every five female Dashalajia individuals to be released and every five male Dashalajia individuals to be released at the base part of the tree trunk of the injured tree. The present invention has the advantage that the present invention solves the problem of the culture difficulty of the Dashalajia as a predacious natural enemy. Both the vitality and the fertility of the cultured Dashalajia are identical to those of the original parent, and the predation capability of the cultured Dashalajia is also identical to that of the original parent after the cultured Dashalajia is released into the field. In the present invention, pests are controlled by natural enemy insects, and the present invention performs the action of no environmental pollution, ecological balance maintenance, biodiversity protection and sustained control of the pests. The present invention is the most effective method for controlling the strong red turpentine beetles at present and in the future.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of preventing and treating red turpentine beetle, refer to that especially the external invasive forestry of application predator insect biological control major pest---the new technology of red turpentine beetle belongs to the biological control field.
Technical background
Red turpentine beetle is to import the great forestry pest of China with imported log into from the U.S. eighties in last century, in China Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) etc. pine tree of mainly causing harm.Owing to the Chinese pine of red turpentine beetle health risk, particularly be in the Chinese pine plant of summit of growth phase more than the life in 30 years, thereby the loss that causes is very serious.Only Shanxi Province in 1999 is endangered the deadly Chinese pine that becomes a useful person and is just reached 351.6 ten thousand strains, 3,710,000 mu of injured areas.7,020,000 mu have been reached to national injured area in 2002.The characteristics of causing harm of red turpentine beetle are the disguised lives of its battalion, and its adult overwhelming majority is all located to invade below butt 1m, and larva lives under bark, troops at phloem and gets food, forms the common tunnel of sheet.When its tunnel interconnect, around trunk one during week, the conducting tissue of trees promptly is cut off and destroys, and causes trees dead rapidly.Particularly this insect has been imported into since China, and great changes have taken place its life habit, and the individuality of 70%-80% pierces root harm, and this just makes this insect of control difficult more.Red turpentine beetle has spread Shaanxi, Henan, the Hebei province of spreading to adjacent with Shanxi at present, and also production of forestry and the forest ecological environment to these provinces caused very big harm.The method of current China control red turpentine beetle mainly is a cleaning brood tree and stifling with chemical pesticide, though these methods can play some control effects, and are time-consuming, the cost height, also pollute environment, can not fundamentally reach the purpose of complete Pest Control.From the viewpoint of the ecological balance and sustainable Control and the theory of biological control, solve the problem of external invasive insect, must be from its natural enemy of external introduction, utilize natural enemy to carry out biological control, natural enemy is based oneself upon settles down, and then enlarge its population quantity, and reaching the Sustainable Control complete and long-term to insect, this is only the basic and the most effective means that solve red turpentine beetle harm.
Large gnawing wax shell is the important natural enemy of the dragon spruce large small moth of predation harm dragon spruce (Picea abies) in Europe, and Belgium, Britain and France utilize large gnawing wax shell control dragon spruce large small moth to obtain excellent control effect.But can this natural enemy prey on red turpentine beetle, be used for preventing and treating the red turpentine beetle of China? analyze and test through us, answer is sure.Because red turpentine beetle and dragon spruce large small moth belong to together, affiliation is very near, and life habit is quite similar.In test, we find that it is to the predation hobby property of red turpentine beetle even greater than former host dragon spruce large small moth.Therefore, we were from 2000, and introduction, research and utilization large gnawing wax shell are prevented and treated the red turpentine beetle of China.
Belgium Horpi biotech company (Horpi Systems S.A.) is unique unit of captive breeding large gnawing wax shell.Forestry extermination of disease and insect pest mechanisms such as France, Britain all buy the large gnawing wax shell adult in case the dragon spruce large small moth of the state of effecting a permanent cure from the said firm every year.Because China is far away apart from Europe, if directly buy the red turpentine beetle biological control that is used for China, expense is too high, and because the large gnawing wax shell adult is a live body, in the long-distance transport process, have the natural enemy death of some, adding each purchase must cause China to greatly increase from the cost that Belgium directly buys natural enemy by the quarantine program of both sides customs.Therefore, introduce natural enemy adult live body by small lot, its a large amount of artificial propagation techniques of independent research are to utilize this natural enemy to carry out the only way of China's red turpentine beetle biological control then.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of large scale artificial breeding, discharge the method that large gnawing wax shell is prevented and treated red turpentine beetle.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
The method of large scale artificial breeding, release large gnawing wax shell control red turpentine beetle comprises the steps:
(1) breeding: room temperature is 20 ± 2 ℃, and humidity is 70 ± 5%, and with this understanding, the vitality of the large gnawing wax shell of breeding out is consistent with the field with fecundity:
1) raising of adult: place 2/3 sawdust in circle is cultivated box, sawdust is mixed wet with distilled water, and humidity is advisable can not squeeze water droplet with hand; In sawdust, place 10-15 the big larva of red turpentine beetle or 20-30 small grub, place 10 large gnawing wax shell male imagos and 10 large gnawing wax shell female adult worm again, area of clip is slightly less than the Chinese pine bark that has phloem of cultivating box then, phloem to lower cover on sawdust, cover lid then, be put in dark place and get final product; Adult will be got food large small moth larva and be laid eggs;
2) raising of larva: after treating that ovum is hatched into small grub, be allowed to condition at circular the cultivation and get food red turpentine beetle larva in the box, it is shifted out to be placed in the rectangular flask that is placed with sawdust then and feed with alternative host or artificial feed to 2 ages; The height that sawdust is placed is advisable with distance large inside edge top 8mm, covers the Chinese pine bark that leaves phloem in the above; Add fresh feed every day, and will eat feed surplus or that rot and take out; Begin to count from the ovum hatching, after about about 20 days, larva is aging;
3) larvae pupation: gather mature larva and put into the sterilized sand of the box of pupating, allow it pupate, the water content of sand is advisable with 9%, and after about about 45 days, the adult of emergence climbs out of sandbox, collects;
4) cold acclimation of adult: before the adult that will newly sprout wings carried out captive breeding, the low temperature of putting into 7-10 ℃ refrigerated about 30 days down;
(2) discharge: in bright day gas, the host tree of in every mu of forest land, selecting a strain to be injured, directly individual each 5 of the large gnawing wax shell male and female that desire is discharged are placed on the tree butt of being injured, and let alone freely to creep.Release period is an optimum with its host's red turpentine beetle 2-3 instar larvae phase.
In described (one) reproductive process every 6 days to the receptacle disinfection, in time pick out the large gnawing wax shell that is infected by white muscardine fungi, in time change the feed of large gnawing wax shell, guarantee the fresh of feed; And all apparatus in the feeding process are in time carried out strict sterilization handle, infect with the control white muscardine fungi.
Described 1) the imago breeding stage is before the large gnawing wax shell of feeding with the red turpentine beetle larva, to brush away attached to the acarid on the bark beetle larva body gently with harder writing brush brush, often change sawdust in the incubation, in time choose and pick foodstuff mouldy, that rot, the humidity that keeps sawdust, the control acarid pollutes.
The alternative host that described larva raising is used is bloom first (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus) and calliphorid (Calliphora sp.).Directly, need to go to gather a large amount of red turpentine beetle larvas to the standing forest of being injured with the prey red turpentine beetle larva raising natural enemy of large gnawing wax shell.But because the red turpentine beetle larva all invades the harm of host trees root mostly, gather very difficult, cost is also very high, and can not guarantee on time, supply according to quantity, cause and to continue to breed natural enemy, influenced the artificial propagation amount of natural enemy greatly, thereby can not guarantee to breed a large amount of natural enemy individualities and be used for producing control.Therefore, seek the key that suitable alternative host just becomes a large amount of breeding large gnawing wax shells.Through us various insects is carried out reproduction test, filter out two kinds of alternative hosts at last, be respectively bloom first (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus) and calliphorid (Calliphora sp.).With the large gnawing wax shell larva that these two kinds of alternative hosts feed, individual big, healthy and strong, grow normal.In conjunction with the large gnawing wax shell adult of feeding with a spot of red turpentine beetle larva, can satisfy the demand of whole developmental stage of large gnawing wax shell fully to nutrition, the individual vitality of the natural enemy that breeds, fertility and predation power are all consistent with the former parent when Belgium introduces.6 months time was only used in our laboratory in 2002, used two kinds of alternative hosts and bred 11000 of large gnawing wax shell adults altogether.
Except raising the large gnawing wax shell with alternative host, we have also studied and have utilized artificial feed to raise the test of large gnawing wax shell, further to reduce cost, improve breeding amount.Successfully raised out a large amount of natural enemy individualities with artificial feed, only between in May, 2003 to June, just raised out individual 3500 of natural enemy adult by artificial feed.Artificial feed are based on fats and protein matter.Through our feeding experiment repeatedly, show that its good palatability, nutrition are complete, not only the large gnawing wax shell larva is liked getting food, and the large gnawing wax shell of raising out is healthy and strong, and vitality is strong, is a kind of artificial feed of good this natural enemy of raising.The nutrition of artificial feed and content are:
| Nutrition | Content |
| The bark powder dusty yeast substitutes host tissue homogenate cholesterol | 3g 3g 6g 4g |
| Nutrition | Content |
| Sucrose agar soybean oil Cobastab ascorbic acid benzoic acid distilled water | 1.5g 1.5g 1ml 0.1g 0.05g 0.02g 40ml |
The preparation method of described artificial feed:
1) field strips Chinese pine (P.tabulaeformis) bark, wears into bark powder after drying, and takes by weighing bark powder 3g; Food yeast is worn into powder, take by weighing dusty yeast 3g.With above-mentioned 2 kinds of composition mixings, obtain A;
2) take by weighing sucrose 1.5g, be dissolved in the 25ml distilled water, be heated to boiling, it is soluble in water to take by weighing 1.5g agar, makes it to dissolve fully, obtains B;
3) will substitute the host and carry out tissue homogenate, take by weighing homogenate 6g, be dissolved among the B;
4) take by weighing the 4g cholesterol, be dissolved among the B, simultaneously A is dissolved among the B;
5) said mixture is poured in the triangular flask, filled in tampon, put into the high steam pot then,, obtain C with 121 ℃ of high-temperature sterilization 15min;
6) during the C sterilization, take by weighing vitamin B compound 0.1g, ascorbic acid 0.05g and benzoic acid 0.02g and be dissolved in the 15ml distilled water, measure 1ml soya-bean oil, pour in the above-mentioned distilled water solution, obtain D;
7) after sterilization process is finished, C is uncolled solidify before, the mixture of D is added, and shakes up, leave standstill, put into refrigerator and cooled after the cooling and hide.
Advantage of the present invention is: the raising problem that has solved the predator large gnawing wax shell.The large gnawing wax shell vitality of raising out is all identical with former parent with fertility, and after open-air the release, its prey ability is also identical with former parent.The present invention system utilizes the natural enemy insect Pest Control, and is both free from environmental pollution, safeguarded the ecological balance, protected bio-diversity, makes insect obtain Sustainable Control again, be at present with control in the future the effective method of red turpentine beetle.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is that the circle of imago breeding is cultivated box figure
Fig. 2 is the rectangle box figure of larva raising
Fig. 3 is larvae pupation box figure
Embodiment
The large scale artificial breeding of embodiment 1, large gnawing wax shell and release
(1) breeding: room temperature is 20 ± 2 ℃, and humidity is 70 ± 5%:
1) raising of adult: (box body is seen shown in Figure 1 to cultivate box in the circle of polypropylene material, diameter is 65mm, and the degree of depth is 17mm, and the lid degree of depth that matches with it is 23mm) in put 2/3 sawdust, sawdust is mixed wet with distilled water, humidity is advisable can not squeeze water droplet with hand.In sawdust, place 10-15 the big larva of red turpentine beetle or 20-30 small grub, place 10 large gnawing wax shell ♀ adults and 10 large gnawing wax shell ♂ adults again, area of clip is slightly less than the Chinese pine bark (requiring bark to have phloem) of box then, phloem to lower cover on sawdust, cover lid then, be put in dark place and get final product.Adult will be got food large small moth larva and be laid eggs.Ovum is oblong, about 6 days ovum phases.
2) raising of larva: after treating that ovum is hatched into small grub, be allowed to condition at circular the cultivation and get food red turpentine beetle larva in the box, it is shifted out in the rectangular flask that is placed on the polypropylene material then and raise to 2 ages.The box body of rectangular flask is made up of the rectangle cover box that inside and outside two bottom surfaces join as shown in Figure 2, and outer box length is 175mm, and width is 115mm, and the degree of depth is 20mm; Inner box is fixedly arranged on outer box central authorities, and its length is 135mm, and width is 75mm, and the degree of depth is 22mm, and the lid length and width is all identical with outer box, and the degree of depth is 7mm.At this moment feed with alternative host bloom first, calliphorid or artificial feed.Place sawdust in the box too, the height that sawdust is placed is advisable with distance large inside edge top 8mm, covers the Chinese pine bark that leaves phloem equally in the above.Because natural enemy larval feeding amount begins to strengthen, and must add fresh feed every day, and will eat feed surplus or that rot and take out, in order to avoid influence the life of larva.Begin to count from the ovum hatching, after about about 20 days, larva is aging.Mature larva is no longer got food, and they get over square and raise the edge of box and enter interlayer between inner box and outer box edge.Mature larva generally climbs out of when 6-9 and during 18-20, so collected at twice and put into the box of pupating in one day.
3) larvae pupation: pierce in the soil and pupate because the large gnawing wax shell larva gets out the host tunnel after natural world is aging,, allow it pupate so, take to gather the method that mature larva is put into the box fine sand of pupating in our its this life habit of laboratory simulation.The box body of the larvae pupation box of polypropylene material is made up of the cover box that inside and outside two bottom surfaces join as shown in Figure 3, and outer box length is 175mm, and width is 115mm, and the degree of depth is 50mm; Inner box is fixedly arranged on outer box central authorities, and its length is 135mm, width 75mm, degree of depth 50mm, the void space of inner box and outer box, apart from outside 31mm place, box bottom surface be provided with one and the inner and outer box wall horizontal plate of joining; The lid length and width is all identical with outer box, dark 7mm.The fine sand of pupating in the box is cleaned with clear water earlier, insolation in the sun, subsequently in drying box with 250 ℃ of bakings, with killing pathogenic bacteria.Time spent mixes wet with distilled water, the water content of sand should be grasped 9% and be advisable, and overdrying or mistake are wet all can pupate to have a negative impact to large gnawing wax shell.Mature larva is put into sandbox after about about 45 days, and the adult of emergence climbs out of sandbox, enters the interlayer of pupating between box inner box and the outer box.Collect adult and get final product once or twice every day.
4) cold acclimation of adult: before the adult with above-mentioned new emergence carried out captive breeding, the low temperature of putting into 7-10 ℃ earlier refrigerated about 30 days down.Can effectively strengthen the vitality of large gnawing wax shell adult like this.
(2) discharge:,, prove with inoculation formula release natural enemy method to well through a series of open-air natural enemies control red turpentine beetles tests that discharge according to the characteristics that cause harm of red turpentine beetle and large gnawing wax shell search host's behavior and hunting zone.At the medium standing forest of the extent of injury, the host tree of selecting a strain to be injured in every mu of forest land discharges 5 ♀, 5 ♂ large gnawing wax shells and gets final product.The female male individuality of large gnawing wax shell will be separated earlier before the release, select bright day gas during release, directly the large gnawing wax shell individuality that desire is discharged is placed on the tree butt of being injured, and they can seek the host voluntarily, pierces predation of host tunnel and breeding.Release period is an optimum with its host's red turpentine beetle 2-3 instar larvae phase.After large gnawing wax shell discharged, its adult, larva all can prey on ovum, each instar larvae and the pupa of red turpentine beetle, even the adult that has just sprouted wings.At natural world, they can breed about 3 generations in 1 year, thereby can comparatively fast enlarge its population quantity, reached the control effectively to red turpentine beetle.The large gnawing wax shell adult has the stronger diffusivity of circling in the air, thereby can enlarge its control range faster.Overcome the big ditch depth in mountain, most forest zone, the artificial problem that is difficult to control.After it bases oneself upon and settles down, can with the population quantity long-term control of insect extremely low, can not cause under the degree of dead tree.
Embodiment 2, invention effect research
The Shanxi Province is the township of Chinese pine, suffers causing harm of red turpentine beetle also the most serious.We are in late July, 2002, have discharged 1000 of the large gnawing wax shell adults of our artificial feedings in the Taiye Mountain, Qinyuan County, Shanxi Province of the red turpentine beetle serious harm woods office empty mountain forest of spirit field, have carried out the control test.The test region area is 33 hectares, and the age of tree of Chinese pine mostly was more than 20 years.Discharge back 40 days and carrying out the control efficiency inspection with discharging.Find that through dissecting trees the large gnawing wax shell adult has entered the tunnel that the subcortical red turpentine beetle of Chinese pine is eaten into, and the small grub of large small moth is all eaten light.In July, 2003, we have carried out the inspection of control efficiency for the second time again, find to can not find red turpentine beetle fully in the forest land that discharges large gnawing wax shell, and the control effect is very remarkable.Result of the test shows that utilizing large gnawing wax shell control red turpentine beetle is the best approach of control China red turpentine beetle, can solve the control problem of China's red turpentine beetle.As long as present technique is applied, the control fully of the red turpentine beetle of China will be pointed the day and await for it.And this technology is environmentally safe, can reach the Sustainable Control to red turpentine beetle again, so this natural enemy and this biological control technology have very wide application prospect.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of method of preventing and treating red turpentine beetle comprises the steps:
(1) breeding: room temperature is 20 ± 2 ℃, and humidity is 70 ± 5%:
1) raising of adult: place 2/3 sawdust in circle is cultivated box, sawdust is mixed wet with distilled water, and humidity is advisable can not squeeze water droplet with hand; In sawdust, place 10-15 the big larva of red turpentine beetle or 20-30 small grub, place 10 large gnawing wax shell male imagos and 10 large gnawing wax shell female adult worm again, area of clip is slightly less than the Chinese pine bark that has phloem of cultivating box then, phloem to lower cover on sawdust, cover lid then, be put in dark place and get final product; Adult will be got food large small moth larva and be laid eggs;
2) raising of larva: after treating that ovum is hatched into small grub, be allowed to condition to cultivate and get food red turpentine beetle larva in the box, it is shifted out to be placed in the rectangular flask that is placed with sawdust then and feed with alternative host or artificial feed to 2 ages; The height that sawdust is placed is advisable with distance large inside edge top 8mm, covers the Chinese pine bark that leaves phloem in the above; Add fresh feed every day, and will eat feed surplus or that rot and take out; Begin to count from the ovum hatching, after about about 20 days, larva is aging;
3) larvae pupation: gather mature larva and put into the sterilized sand of the box of pupating, allow it pupate, the water content of sand is advisable with 9%, and after about about 45 days, the adult of emergence climbs out of sandbox, collects;
4) cold acclimation of adult: before the adult that will newly sprout wings carried out captive breeding, the low temperature of putting into 7-10 ℃ refrigerated about 30 days down;
(2) discharge: in bright day gas, the host tree of in every mu of forest land, selecting a strain to be injured, directly individual each 5 of the large gnawing wax shell male and female that desire is discharged are placed on the tree butt of being injured, and release period is an optimum with its host's red turpentine beetle 2-3 instar larvae phase.
2. a kind of method of preventing and treating red turpentine beetle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described 1) in the reproductive process every 6 days to the receptacle disinfection, pick out the large gnawing wax shell that is infected by white muscardine fungi, in time change the feed of large gnawing wax shell, guarantee the fresh of feed; And, infect with the control white muscardine fungi with the timely disinfection of all apparatus in the feeding process.
3. a kind of method of preventing and treating red turpentine beetle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described 1) the imago breeding stage is before the large gnawing wax shell of feeding with the red turpentine beetle larva, to brush away attached to the acarid on the bark beetle larva body gently with the writing brush brush, change sawdust in the incubation, in time choose and pick foodstuff mouldy, that rot, the humidity that keeps sawdust, the control acarid pollutes.
4. a kind of method of preventing and treating red turpentine beetle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the alternative host that described larva raising is used is bloom first and calliphorid.
5, a kind of method of preventing and treating red turpentine beetle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the composition of the artificial feed that described larva raising is used is:
Nutrition Content
Bark powder dusty yeast Hosts tissue homogenate cholesterol sucrose agar soybean oil Cobastab ascorbic acid benzoic acid distilled water 3g 3g 6g 4g 1.5g 1.5g 1ml 0.1g 0.05g 0.02g 40ml
。
6. a kind of method of preventing and treating red turpentine beetle according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described artificial feed is
1) takes by weighing dried bark powder 3g, take by weighing dusty yeast 3g in addition,, obtain A 2 kinds of composition mixings;
2) take by weighing sucrose 1.5g, be dissolved in the 25ml distilled water, be heated to boiling, it is soluble in water to take by weighing 1.5g agar, makes it to dissolve fully, obtains B;
3) will substitute the host and carry out tissue homogenate, take by weighing homogenate 6g, be dissolved among the B;
4) take by weighing the 4g cholesterol, be dissolved among the B, simultaneously A is dissolved among the B;
5) said mixture is poured in the triangular flask, filled in tampon, put into the high steam pot then,, obtain C with 121 ℃ of high-temperature sterilization 15min;
6) during the C sterilization, take by weighing vitamin B compound 0.1g, ascorbic acid 0.05g and benzoic acid 0.02g and be dissolved in the 15ml distilled water, measure 1ml soya-bean oil, pour in the above-mentioned distilled water solution, obtain D;
7) after sterilization process is finished, C is uncolled solidify before, the mixture of D is added, and shakes up, leave standstill, put into refrigerator and cooled after the cooling and hide.
7. a kind of method of preventing and treating red turpentine beetle according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described dried bark powder is: the field strips the Chinese pine bark, grinds to form fine powder after drying.
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| CN105475239A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-13 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Exorista civilis rondani rejuvenation method |
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| CN102948398A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-03-06 | 王景顺 | Method for raising and observing experimental population of dendroctonus valens |
| CN103461280B (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2016-04-13 | 天津拓华生物科技有限责任公司 | Corn weevil is utilized to breed the method for large swallow wax first |
| CN103348953B (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2016-04-13 | 天津拓华生物科技有限责任公司 | Adzuki bean weevil is utilized to breed the method for large swallow wax first |
| CN104996236A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-28 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for preventing and treating dendroctonus valens LeConte by using scleroderma guani Xiao et Wus |
| CN105766802B (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2019-02-15 | 北京市西山试验林场 | The artificial fecundation method of rhizophagus grandis |
| CN108739678B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2021-05-14 | 华南农业大学 | Breeding feed and artificial breeding method for Ke-Li-shoot bark beetles |
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| 红脂大小蠹的发生与治理 高宏旭，苗振旺等，林业科技通讯，第3期 2001 * |
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| CN105475239A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-13 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Exorista civilis rondani rejuvenation method |
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