CN1309933C - 在地下井***内外之间建立区域隔离的方法 - Google Patents

在地下井***内外之间建立区域隔离的方法 Download PDF

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CN1309933C
CN1309933C CNB988076284A CN98807628A CN1309933C CN 1309933 C CN1309933 C CN 1309933C CN B988076284 A CNB988076284 A CN B988076284A CN 98807628 A CN98807628 A CN 98807628A CN 1309933 C CN1309933 C CN 1309933C
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弗朗西斯·亚历山大·卡明
西蒙·劳伦斯·费舍
罗伯特·布鲁斯·斯特瓦尔特
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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    • E21B41/0035—Apparatus or methods for multilateral well technology, e.g. for the completion of or workover on wells with one or more lateral branches
    • E21B41/0042—Apparatus or methods for multilateral well technology, e.g. for the completion of or workover on wells with one or more lateral branches characterised by sealing the junction between a lateral and a main bore
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    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
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Abstract

提供了在地下钻井***的裸井区内外之间建立区域隔离的一种方法，裸井区的位置相邻于已存在钻井套管的钻井区。方法包括：通过现有的井套管把可扩张钢管***地下井***中的裸井区，如侧向分支井孔，接着使可扩张钢管扩张，使得上述可扩张钢管的一端压向井***裸井区的井壁，而上述可扩张钢管的另一端压在井套管的内表面上，由此建立了一个过盈配合区，它能够在上述各周围表面之间达到剪切粘结和液压密封。

Description

在地下井***内外之间建立区域隔离的方法
发明背景
本发明涉及了在地下井***的裸井区内外之间建立区域隔离的方法，裸井区的位置相邻于已存在井套管的井区。
在钻井技术中已经知道，为了建立这种区域隔离，可把一个直径比现有井套管小的套管***井孔的裸井区，使得上述小直径套管通过和伸出现有的井套管，在那里用水泥把小直径套管粘结定位。
如果从已存在井套管的井区伸出一个侧向井孔来形成地下井***的裸井区，则已经知道，为了建立区域隔离，可通过在井套管壁上铣出的开口，***一个套管或衬管，然后把上述套管或衬管粘结定位。这种已知技术的困难在于：一般铣出的开孔具有不规则的形状，压入套管或衬管周围环状区中的水泥并不总能在环状区内均匀分布，从而造成了不理想的密封。
现有的区域隔离粘结技术的一般困难是：它们需要一个具有足够宽度的环状区，以建立一个均匀厚度和强度的水泥体，但由此明显减少了被完成的井的直径，因而限制了井的生产能力。
美国专利号3,901,063公布了一种管子拉拔过程，其中，依靠一个具有锥形陶瓷表面的管收缩型芯，来减小沿轴向伸展管子的直径，沿轴向压缩陶瓷材料来使陶瓷表面免受磨损。
从国际专利申请号WO93/25799已经知道了按照权利要求1中前序部分的一种方法。在该方法中，把套管扩张到钻井壁上，并且在冲刷处把水泥压入周围的环状区内。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种区域隔离方法，它比已知的方法更易实现，并且提供了适当的区域隔离而不需要有充填水泥的环状区。
发明概述
本发明的方法包括以下步骤：
-通过现有的井套管，把由可成形钢钢种制成的可扩张管***地下井***的上述裸井区，使得可扩张钢管的一端突出在井套管之外，进入井***的裸井区，而可扩张钢管的另一端位于井套管之内；以及
-采用具有锥形陶瓷面的扩张型芯来使可扩张管扩张，从而把上述可扩张钢管的一端压向井***裸井区的井壁，而把上述可扩张钢管另一端的外表面压在井套管的内表面上，由此建立了一个过盈配合区，它能够在上述各周围表面之间达到剪切结合和液压密封。
可供选择的方式是，在可扩张钢管扩张之前，在上述各周围表面之间***填料。
如果通过井套管壁上的一个开口，从已存在井套管的井区沿侧向伸出一个侧向井孔，由此来形成地下井***的裸井区，则通过上述开口把可扩张钢管的一端***侧向井孔，使得可扩张钢管的另一端仍伸入已存在井套管的井区内，从而上述可扩张钢管的另一端基本上与井套管同轴，接着使可扩张钢管扩张，使得上述可扩张钢管的一端压向侧向井的井壁，而上述可扩张钢管的另一端压在井套管的内表面上。此时，在可扩张钢管扩张之后，可在已扩张的可扩张钢管的管壁上建立一个开口，以便在侧向井孔之上和之下已存在井套管的井区两部分之间提供流体连通。
在已扩张的可扩张钢管的管壁上铣一个窗口，可以建立上述开口。
或者是，在可扩张钢管上建立一个其壁厚比可扩张钢管其它部分小的预设区域，该区域由于扩张过程而裂开，由此可建立上述开口。
已经看到，国际专利号W094/03698公布了一种方法，用于密封主井孔和分支井孔之间相交处，其中采用了一个空心的斜向器。
附图简述
参照以下本发明优选实施例的详细描述，并与附图结合一起来阅读，将会更充分地理解本发明方法的上述和其它特性、目的和优点，其中：
图1是井的示意纵向剖面图，其中，把一个管子扩张到现有井套管上来建立区域隔离；
图2是井的示意纵向剖面图，其中，把一个管子扩张到现有井套管上来建立区域隔离，井套管下端的内径变大，以建立一个单一直径的井；
图3是侧向井孔的示意纵向剖视图，侧向井孔从包含井套管的母井伸出，在井套管上已铣出一个窗口，以建立对侧向井孔的入口；以及
图4是图3井***的示意纵向剖视图，此时一个可扩张管已被***侧向井，并且被扩张在母井的井套管上。
优选实施例详述
参照图1，图中表示了一个穿过地下岩层2的井孔1和一个井套管3，已经依靠环状水泥体4把井套管3固定在井孔1内。
一个衬管形式的可扩张管5***井套管3，并且保持在这样的位置：管子的下端突入井孔1的裸井区，而管子的上端被井套管3的下端包围。
沿着箭头方向拉动、推动和/或加压铸块7，使扩张型芯7沿轴向移过管子5。这使得管子5的外表面被扩张到井套管3下端的内表面上，由此建立了一个过盈配合区8，它能够在各周围表面之间达到剪切结合和液压密封。
未包覆的钢管和用填料包覆的钢管的实验数据已经证实了能够达到有效的剪切结合。例如有证据表明，为了从尺寸为119×133mm(内径/外径)的钢套管上卸除直径(108×119mm)(内径/外径)的已扩张的管，需要650kN/m的移位力。
扩张型芯7具有5°到45°，最好为20°到30°之间半顶角A的锥形陶瓷外表面。可扩张管5由可成形钢的钢种制成，它可经受应***化而不会象韧性断裂那样因扩张而造成任何缩颈现象。合适的可成形钢钢种的屈服强度与拉伸强度之比小于0.8，最好是在0.6和0.7之间，并且屈服强度至少为275MPa。具有这些性能的钢种为双相(DP)高强低合金(HSLA)钢，如Sollac级DP55或DP60，或者Nippon级SAFH 540或590D，以及高强可成形钢的钢种，如ASTMA106HSLA无缝钢管、ASTM A312奥氏体不锈钢管、TP304和TP316级以及已知为TRIP钢的高残留奥氏体高强热轧钢。可以用陶瓷锥7把这些可成形钢钢种扩张到其外径至少比未可扩张管的外径大20％。
在图1所示例子中，可扩张管5是一个井衬管，在扩张铸块7***衬管之前，可用砾石堆(图中未示)包围着衬管。
由于扩张过程，砾石堆将被压缩在环状空间中，稳定了井孔1避免倒塌。
现参照图2，图中表示了一个井孔，其中用水泥环状体11安装和粘结定位了井套管10。与图1所示情形相同，用陶瓷扩张锥安装和扩张了可扩张管12。但是，井套管10的下端10A被扩张到比套管其余部分大的直径。管子12被扩张在井套管10的下端10A上，由此在管子12和井套管10的配合面之间建立了一个过盈配合区。当水泥环状体11仍处在液体状态时，可用扩张锥把井套管的下端10A与管子12一起扩张。由于扩张，在水泥和管子之间，在套管和周围岩层13之间将建立起坚固的结合。套管10下面部分直径的变大，使得沿着整个钻井长度，钻井具有一个均匀的内径。
现参照图3，它表示了一个母井15，其中由水泥环状体17把井套管16粘结定位。从母井15到地下岩层19内，沿侧向钻了一个侧向井孔18。
在两个井之间的连结点上，采用常规铣切装置在套管16和周围水泥体17中铣出一个开口20，铣切装置由连结点之下的一个斜向器引入，用于在所希望位置上铣切出套管上的开口20。一般这种铣切操作产生一个形状非常不规则的开口20，因此在连结点上难以提供钻井内外之间的区域隔离，以及难以把侧向井孔的套管(图中未示)粘连到母井15的套管上。
图4表示了如何从母井15把可扩张管21***侧向井孔18中，使得管子上端同轴地配合在母井15的套管16内。依靠加压、推动和/或拉动，使一个扩张型芯22沿轴向移过管子21来扩张管子21。管子21和型芯22的性能与图1所示的性能相同。由于扩张过程，把被扩张的管子21上端的外表面压在套管16的内表面上，由此建立了一个过盈配合区，它能够在各配合表面之间建立剪切结合和液压密封。
被扩张的管21也压在侧向井孔的内表面上，并且压在井套管16和水泥体17中开口20的边缘上，由此在被扩张的管21与上述开口20边缘和侧向井孔18内表面之间建立了液压结合。
此时，在侧向井孔18和母井15之间的连结点上，被扩张的管21和井套管16提供了内外之间适当的区域隔离，并且提供了管子21与井套管16的坚固的固连。
在安装和扩张了管子21之后，在管子21的壁上可建立一个窗口(图中未示)，以便对连结点以下的母井15部分提供入口。
可供选择的方式是，在扩张管子21之前，在管子21外表面上设置填料，以进一步改善由被扩张的管21提供的区域隔离。
如果铣切开口20的边缘不规则，则可以采用一个扩张型芯来扩张一个衬管，并且在衬管上设置一个切口或卵形开口，由于扩张过程该开口将张开成一个所希望的卵形，由此在连结点上对着套管16内表面***一个具有规则卵形开口的衬管。
可供选择的方式是，至少管子21的上端可以按照两个阶段的扩张过程来扩张，其中在扩张过程的第二阶段中采用一个柔性的扩张型芯，以便对着套管16，或者在供选择方式中对着在连结点上装在套管内的衬管，以及对着开口20的边缘(或者对着衬管上卵形开口的边缘)和对着侧向井孔18内表面，稳固地扩张管子21。

Claims (8)

1.在地下井***(1)的裸井区(6，18)内外之间建立区域隔离的一种方法，裸井区的位置相邻于已存在井套管(3，10，16)的井区，方法包括以下步骤：
-通过现有的井套管(3，10，16)，把可扩张钢管(5，12，21)***地下井***的上述裸井区(6，18)，使得可扩张钢管的一端突出到井套管之外，进入井***的裸井区，而可扩张钢管的另一端位于井套管(3，10，16)之内；以及
-采用具有锥形表面的扩张型芯(7，22)来使可扩张钢管(5，12，21)扩张，其特征在于：可扩张钢管(5，12，21)由可成形钢的钢种制成，并且由具有锥形陶瓷面的扩张型芯(7，22)来扩张，从而把上述可扩张钢管的一端压向井***(1)裸井区(6，18)的井壁，而把上述可扩张钢管的另一端的外表面压在井套管(3，10，16)的内表面上，由此建立了一个过盈配合区，它能够在上述各周围表面之间达到剪切结合和液压密封。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中，在可扩张钢管(5，12，21)扩张之前，在上述各周围表面之间***填料。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中，地下井***的裸井区(6)由一个井孔的延伸部形成，该井孔的延伸部沿轴向延伸超出了已存在井套管(3，10)的井区。
4.权利要求1的方法，其中，通过井套管(16)壁上的一个开口(20)，从已存在井套管(16)的井区(15)沿侧向伸出一个侧向井孔(18)，由该侧向井孔(18)来形成地下井***的裸井区，通过上述开口(20)把可扩张钢管(21)的一端***侧向井孔(18)，使得可扩张钢管的另一端仍伸入已存在井套管(16)的井区(15)内，从而上述可扩张钢管的另一端基本上与井套管(16)同轴，接着使可扩张钢管(21)扩张，使得上述可扩张钢管的一端压向侧向井孔(18)的井壁，而上述可扩张钢管的另一端压在井套管(16)的内表面上。
5.权利要求4的方法，其中，在可扩张钢管(21)扩张之后，在已扩张的可扩张钢管(21)的管壁上建立一个开口，以便在侧向井孔(18)之上和之下已存在井套管(16)的井区(15)的两部分之间提供流体连通。
6.权利要求5的方法，其中，在已扩张的可扩张钢管(18)的管壁上铣一个窗口来建立上述开口。
7.权利要求1的方法，其中，可扩张钢管(5，12，21)由高强度低合金(HSLA)钢制成，这种钢的屈服强度与拉伸强度之比小于0.8且屈服强度至少为275MPa。
8.权利要求1的方法，其中，扩张型芯(7，22)的锥形陶瓷表面具有20°到30°的半顶角(A)。
CNB988076284A 1997-08-01 1998-07-31 在地下井***内外之间建立区域隔离的方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1309933C (zh)

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AU727059B2 (en) 2000-11-30
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WO1999006670A1 (en) 1999-02-11
US6070671A (en) 2000-06-06
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