CN1306866C - 生物合理性杀虫剂/杀真菌剂及其施用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种包含至少一种表面活性剂和至少一种萜烯含量高的天然油的生物合理性杀虫剂和杀真菌剂，以及将其施用至树木和植物、水果和蔬菜以促进生长并有效控制昆虫和真菌的方法。
Description
技术领域
一种用于植物和树木的生物合理性杀虫剂和杀真菌剂。
背景技术
多种昆虫例如虱、蜱、螨、蚜虫和恙螨侵染未处理和未保护的树木和植物。此外，失去控制的真菌会侵染并且甚至毁坏包括作物在内的植物和树木。
过去，利用多种油来控制昆虫和螨类。然而近年来，注意力重新集中在油作为具有伴随毒性和其它危险副作用的传统杀虫剂的天然替代品的利用。
这些油包括园艺油，该园艺油是可与水混合施用以控制目标昆虫和螨类害虫而无有害作用的高度精炼石油产品。现代园艺油不包括蔬菜油、鱼油或鲸鱼油。
园艺喷洒油是低毒性的或广谱性的杀虫剂。既然使用喷洒油控制昆虫和螨类的机理是通过窒息作用和/或排斥雌虫产卵，则无需添加有毒化学品。这些特性是颇有价值的，并且在害虫综合治理实践部分中得到很好的认可，其中油喷洒本来就与采用捕食者和拟寄生物的害虫天然控制相联系的。
园艺喷洒油是用最小量的非离子表面活性剂在高度精炼的纯化油上配制的。独立的环境影响研究表明D-C-TRON对环境有害。公开在American Journal of Industrial Medicine中的哺乳动物毒性的研究表明具有该精炼水平的油是无毒性和无致癌作用的。
通常油喷洒剂对于人类是安全的。在环境中，这些油喷洒剂对野生生物和非目标生物几乎无负作用。此外，由于采用油喷洒剂杀死目标害虫的方法，油喷洒剂是较低毒性的。特别是，油薄膜覆盖目标昆虫或螨类，并且堵住害虫或寄生虫呼吸的气门或气孔。死亡的原因主要是窒息作用。采用其它呼吸方式的大的、活动的昆虫和动物不受这种油的影响。
油施用的其它优点是不产生引起讨厌的气味。此外，油的成本较低并且相对于许多杀虫剂来说便宜得多。
令人遗憾的是，目前对于利用油处理有局限性。例如，油仅仅能有效控制那些完全被喷洒溶液覆盖的害虫。这通常意味着在施用时暴露在植物和树木表面的仅仅很小的、不能移动的或移动缓慢的害虫会受到控制。
既然油喷洒剂仅仅通过接触和覆盖目标害虫起作用，从而彻底施用是必须的。未施用的表面区域为目标害虫提供了安全的避难处。
U.S.6,258,369和U.S.6,277,389公开了施用于植物和动物的、包含至少一种表面活性剂和至少一种萜烯含量高的天然油的无毒含水杀虫剂。该杀虫剂用于有效控制昆虫和寄生虫例如在植物和动物上出现的拟步甲、虱、蜱、螨、苍蝇、蚜虫、蚊子和恙螨。
U.S.5,693,344公开了一种用于控制昆虫的无危险的方法，该方法采用芳香和结晶颗粒形式的无毒组合物，颗粒直接刺穿昆虫的外骨骼。实施中，颗粒在昆虫的保护体层间起作用，然后刺穿外骨骼使得芳香气味进入昆虫体内。再一方面，颗粒吸收高至昆虫必需体液重量的四倍，并且芳香气味对昆虫具有神经***的作用。
U.S.5,143,939公开了一种包含非离子表面活性剂，即作为唯一活性成分控制真菌、螨、蠕虫、白蚁、线虫和其它昆虫使用的烷基氧-聚乙烯氧乙醇的用于控制蠕虫和线虫的处理土壤和农作物的方法。
U.S.4,379,168涉及包含作为杀虫成分的d-柠檬烯和表面活性剂或乳化剂以及水的杀虫剂。该杀虫组合物设计为液态的，用作浸渍剂以消灭蚤和蜱类小动物，用作喷洒剂以杀死小动物上和其窝中的蚤和蜱；并且喷洒剂或液剂消灭蟑螂和其它害虫的栖息区域。
U.S.6,248,710 B1公开了一种在处理期间沉积在织物底层的水溶性或水分散性材料，该材料含有具有至少一种有益作用取代基的和任选一种或多种其它取代基的多糖结构。该多糖结构具有至少3个、优选4个连续未取代糖环的一个或多个的区域。
发明详述
本发明涉及一种用于多种植物和树木，水果和蔬菜的经配制的环境相容性组合物，该组合物包含至少一种表面活性剂和至少一种萜烯含量高的油，以杀死多种昆虫并减少和控制真菌。本发明还包括该组合物的施用方法。
本文使用的萜烯含量高的天然油是指具有至少50％萜烯含量的天然油。优选天然油是含至少65％的高萜烯。适宜的萜烯含量高的天然油包括来自针叶树的油如柑橘果皮油，优选橙油、葡萄柚油、柠檬油或松油。在这些油中，橙油是优选的并且冷榨橙油是最优选的。优选的萜烯含量是按重量计约80％至约90％，最优选从约85％至87％。
组合物中萜烯含量高的天然油的量取决于使用的具体油类中萜烯的量。通常，组合物包含按重量计约3％至约7％的萜烯含量高的天然油，优选约5％。
本发明的组合物中可采用阴离子和非离子表面活性剂。阴离子表面活性剂如脂肪酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基醚磺酸盐和烷基芳基磺酸盐是优选的。
该组合物也可包含防腐剂、pH中和剂和/或澄清剂或稳定剂。组合物的余量为水。
使用中，生物合理性杀虫剂和杀真菌剂稀释喷洒或喷雾在植物或树木、水果或蔬菜上。
当如此施用时，组合物有效控制多种昆虫包括拟步甲、虱、蜱、螨、苍蝇、蚜虫、蓟马、粉蚧、蚊子和恙螨。不打算受理论束缚，相信控制昆虫的机理是破坏软体昆虫的保护层，昆虫暴露于空气环境导致脱水并最终死亡。由于翅膀中保护覆盖层和张力的丧失，飞行昆虫翅膀的作用丧失了。一开始喷洒后翅膀易于粘在一起，防止昆虫逃跑。除此之外，确信该产品还可进入消化道和呼吸道，使昆虫变得衰弱，最终导致死亡。
该组合物也能有效地控制真菌。不打算受理论束缚，相信控制真菌的机理是湿润真菌菌丝体、孢子囊和孢子的表面保护层，使它们暴露在干燥环境中。这同样发生在受到真菌侵害的植物组织，然而健康的植物组织例如叶片和新芽不受影响。干燥真菌菌丝体阻止菌丝体扩散进入新组织，然而孢子囊不能产生孢子以形成新的侵染孢子。已经扩散和休眠的孢子，等待适宜的条件，还可以相同的方式受到影响。
最后，组合物提高水的穿透性和土壤的吸收性，同时减少水浸。更好的土壤条件促进根和植物生长。
无需加入在昆虫和/或寄生虫的灵敏的身体湿度平衡中引起不平衡的有毒化学品。同样地，本发明提供实际上无毒的或广谱的杀虫剂。
本发明所包含的构成特点、组分的结合、以及各部份的安排都将在下文举例说明，并且本发明的范围将在权利要求书中表明。
实施本发明的最佳方式
本发明涉及用于多种树木和植物、果树和蔬菜的生物合理性杀虫剂和杀真菌剂或经配制的环境相容性组合物，该组合物包含至少一种表面活性剂和至少一种萜烯含量高的油，以促进上述植物的生长并且有效地控制昆虫和真菌。本发明还包括该组合物的施用方法。
本文使用的萜烯含量高的天然油指具有至少约50％萜烯含量的天然油。优选的是萜烯含量高的天然油包含至少约65％的萜烯。适宜的萜烯含量高的天然油包括来自针叶树的油如柑橘果皮油，优选橙油、葡萄柚油、柠檬油或松油。在这些油中，橙油是优选的并且冷榨橙油是最优选的。优选的萜烯含量是按总重量计的约80％至约90％，最优选约85％至约87％。
组合物中萜烯含量高的天然油的的量取决于所用具体油中萜烯的量。通常，组合物包含约3重量％至约7重量％的萜烯含量高的天然油，优选约5重量％。
本发明的组合物中可采用阴离子和非离子表面活性剂。阴离子表面活性剂例如脂肪酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基醚磺酸盐和烷基芳基磺酸盐是优选的。
这类表面活性剂的实例可包括按重量计约8％至约12％的磺酸，优选约10％磺酸；约5％至约9％十二烷基硫酸钠，优选约6.8％十二烷基硫酸钠；约6％至约10％脂肪醇乙氧基化物，优选约8.2％脂肪醇乙氧基化物；和约1％至约3％烯属磺酸盐，优选约1.7烯属磺酸盐。
通常，该组合物包含按重量计约20％至约34％的表面活性剂，优选约25％至30％的表面活性剂并且最优选约26.7％表面活性剂。
该组合物还可包括丁化羟基甲苯、对羟基苯甲酸和/或十水合四硼酸钠。丁化羟基甲苯的范围是按重量计约0.05％至约0.15％，并且优选约0.10％。十水合四硼酸钠的范围是按重量计约0.89％至约1.09％，并且优选约0.99％。对羟基苯酸的范围是按重量计约0.45％至约0.65％，并且优选约0.55％。通常，组合物含有按重量计约1.39％至1.89％防腐剂，优选约1.64％。
此外，可加入按重量计约0.05％至约0.15％，并且优选约0.10％的杀细菌剂例如Dowicil。
碱性晶体例如氢氧化钠可以按重量计约1.25％至约1.37％的量加入以中和组合物的pH值从约7.75至约9。
澄清剂或稳定剂如脲可以按重量计约0.59％至0.99％，并且优选约0.79％加入。
组合物的余量是水。
优选的组合物包含按重量计约5％的冷榨橙油、约6.8％十二烷基硫酸钠、约8.2％的脂肪醇乙氧基化物、约1.7％的烯基磺酸钠、约10％的十二烷基苯磺酸、约0.1％的抗氧化剂如丁基化羟基甲苯、约0.45％的防腐剂如对羟基苯甲酸、约0.1％的杀细菌剂如Dowicil、约0.99％的杀真菌剂如十水合四硼酸钠、约0.79％的澄清剂如脲和约1.31％中和剂如氢氧化钠，余量为稀释剂如水。
在作为杀虫剂和杀菌剂结合使用时，组合物用水稀释并且喷洒或喷雾至生长的树木和植物、水果或蔬菜上，以直接接触霉菌(mold)和霜霉菌(mildew)和/或昆虫。稀释率的有效范围是按重量计约0.25％至1.5％。在约0.4至约1.0的优选范围中，优选的稀释率为约0.80重量％。稀释的组合物以约120升(30加仑)/英亩至约400升(100加仑)/英亩的施用量进行喷洒。
作为杀虫剂使用时，组合物用水稀释并且喷洒或喷雾至昆虫。稀释率的有效范围为按重量计约0.4％至约1.5％。在约0.4至约0.8的优选范围中，优选的稀释率为约0.8重量％。稀释的组合物以约120升(30加仑)/英亩至约400升(100加仑)/英亩的施用量进行喷洒。
目标昆虫包括蚜虫、蝇，螨、虱、恙螨、蓟马和扁虱。真菌包括霜霉病菌、霉菌、革状腐病、叶斑病、叶焦病、叶枯病、红心病、黄萎病和黑根腐病。
作为杀真菌剂使用时，组合物用水稀释并且喷洒或喷雾至生长的树木和植物、果树或蔬菜以直接接触霉菌和霜霉病菌。稀释率的优选范围为按重量计约0.2％至约0.6％。在约0.25至约0.5的优选范围中，优选的稀释率为按重量计约0.4％。稀释的组合物以约120升(30加仑)/英亩至约400升(100加仑)/英亩的施用量进行喷洒。
然而就本发明上面描述的具体实施例来说，多种其它形式和改进对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。所附的权利要求和本发明通常应解释为覆盖了在本发明实质和范围内的所有形式和改进。
从而可以看出从前面的描述中有效地达到上述目标是显而易见的，并且在上述框架中而不偏离本发明的范围可以进行某些改进，这意味着上述所有内容将作为解释本发明并且不限制本发明。
也可以理解下述权利要求意味着覆盖了本文所述的本发明的所有基本的和特定的特征，并且本发明范围的所有陈述内容，都可认为落入其中。
即本发明已经被充分描述。
Claims (4)
1.通过施用组合物控制真菌的方法，其中所述组合物包含均按重量计约5％的冷榨橙油、约6.8％的十二烷基硫酸钠、约8.2％的脂肪醇乙氧基化物、约1.7％的烯属磺酸钠，约10％的十二烷基苯磺酸和约0.99％的十水合四硼酸钠，余量为水，所述组合物在按重量计约0.4％的稀释率下用水稀释。
2.根据权利要求1的控制真菌的方法，其中进一步包含按重量计约0.79％的脲。
3.根据权利要求1的控制真菌的方法，其中所述组合物的pH值为约7.75至约9。
4.根据权利要求1的控制真菌的方法，其中所述组合物的施用率为约30加仑/英亩至约100加仑/英亩。
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| US7341735B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2008-03-11 | Oro Agri, Inc. | Method for using an adjuvant composition with herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, ovicides and fungicides to control pests, insects and fungi |
| US20080214400A1 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2008-09-04 | Erroll Pullen | Adjuvant Composition for use with Herbicides, Pesticides, Insecticides, Ovicides and Fungicides and Method of Application |
| US8629086B2 (en) | 2007-02-06 | 2014-01-14 | Oro Agri, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the control of nematodes and soil borne diseases |
| AR067202A1 (es) | 2007-02-06 | 2009-10-07 | Oro Agri Inc | Composicones de aceite citrico y metodos de uso |
| EP2208418A4 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2012-12-26 | Biodurcal S L | PROTECTIVE COATING WHICH CAN BE APPLIED AS A PHYTOSANITARY PROTECTIVE MEANS AGAINST AGRICULTURAL BIRDS AND DISEASES AND A METHOD OF USE |
| ZA201007289B (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-08-29 | Oro Agri | Methods of reducing phytotoxicity of a pesticide |
| ES2673576T5 (es) * | 2014-10-20 | 2023-03-13 | Arysta Lifescience Benelux Sprl | Limoneno: Formulación y uso como insecticida |
| CA3021394C (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2021-12-28 | Gordon Wayne Dyer | Method for breaching an oleo and hydro resistant arthropod plastron by applying a low molecular weight non-polar chemical breacher to the plastron |
| US10743535B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2020-08-18 | H&K Solutions Llc | Insecticide for flight-capable pests |
| WO2019147466A1 (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-08-01 | Greening Be Gone, LLC | Method of treating citrus greening |
| FR3090274A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-26 | Patrick FOLSCHVEILLER | Traitement antiparasitaire du palmier à activité élevée |
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| US5484599A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1996-01-16 | The President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Control of insect pests |
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| US6124366A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 2000-09-26 | Nalco Chemical Company | Fluid formulation and method for dust control and wetting enhancement |
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| GB9821218D0 (en) | 1998-09-30 | 1998-11-25 | Unilever Plc | Treatment for fabrics |
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| AU2002364718A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
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| AU2002364718B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
| EP2123157A2 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
| EP1469725A2 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
| EP1469725A4 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| ES2257953A1 (es) | 2006-08-01 |
| BR0215419A (pt) | 2005-04-05 |
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