CN1302953A - Pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam - Google Patents
Pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN1302953A CN1302953A CN 01102737 CN01102737A CN1302953A CN 1302953 A CN1302953 A CN 1302953A CN 01102737 CN01102737 CN 01102737 CN 01102737 A CN01102737 A CN 01102737A CN 1302953 A CN1302953 A CN 1302953A
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Abstract
A running-beam pumping unit features that the gravitational force and inertial force of load can be simultaneously balanced to accumulate both potential and dynamic energies, so greatly decreasing the peak value of crank torque, eliminating negative work and saving energy. A simple, reliable and feasible structure is used to arrange the centroid of a lower balancing mass at optimal position lower and under the running beam. It is suitable for any working and well conditions, and has 10-200 KN of load power, 1-6M of stroke and 3-20/min of stroke times. Its advantages are saving energy, covenient installation and balance regulation, and low cost.
Description
The present invention relates to be used for the underlying beam-balanced pumping unit of oilfield.
Obtained the high-efficient energy-saving lever oil pumping machine (patent No.: 92115106.3 of national inventing patent, authorize a day 99.2.10), and the arm-type two-stage balanced beam-pumping unit (patent No.: 96201421.4 of the balance that has obtained china national practical new-type patent, notice of authorization day: 98.8.26), all belong to the underlying beam-balanced pumping unit.Their shortcoming is: can not be according to the actual underlying distance H that requires modulation underlying balancing mass, predict the size of H more at the scene during modulation, and therefore H can not be defined as the numerical value of actual demand appointment, and can not reach the optimum balance state.
Purpose of the present invention provides and a kind ofly can barycenter underlying distance H be defined in the underlying beam-balanced pumping unit of optimum position according to the actual demand of oil well hole condition and pumping unit operating mode.
This goal of the invention is realized by the technological scheme rice of " pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam ".This technological scheme is improved on the basis of high-efficient energy-saving lever oil pumping machine and the arm-type two-stage balanced beam-pumping unit patented technology of balance and is formed, mainly be: adopted walking beam underlying tandem-driving bogie/piece with regulation barycenter structure, be described below: a kind of pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam comprises power engine 1; Belt driver 3; Speed reducer 4; Crank 5; Connecting rod 6; Crossbeam and crossbeam bearing support 10; The curved walking beam 8 of whole or combination; Beam travelling supporting 7; Sheet or colyliform horse head 9 and hang over rope hanger 11 on the horse head; Braking device 12; Support 14; Chassis 2 and hold flushing device 13: and the walking beam underlying Equilibrator that is connected in curved beam travelling tail end, also conventional balance can be arranged, it is characterized in that: described walking beam underlying Equilibrator is the underlying tandem-driving bogie/piece with regulation barycenter structure that a kind of hinge hangs over curved beam travelling tail end.
Because walking beam underlying balance has the structure of regulation barycenter, can be in the pumping unit installation or before installing, according to operating mode, hole condition computed information, the barycenter of walking beam underlying tandem-driving bogie/piece is defined in the optimum position, also be about to the optimal values that H is tuned as appointment, obtain best counterbalance effect.Because the structure of regulation walking beam underlying tandem-driving bogie/piece barycenter is very simple, compare with existing underlying beam-balanced pumping unit with the common beam pumping unit, that pumping unit of the present invention has concurrently is simple in structure, mounting or dismounting convenient, the Remarkable Energy Saving advantage, specifically: simple and reliable for structure, with low cost and maintenance grade easy to loading and unloading more is better than the common beam pumping unit; Usability more is better than existing underlying beam-balanced pumping unit.
The invention provides numerous embodiments, elaborate by following embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is embodiment one a structural representation.
Fig. 2 is embodiment two a structural representation.
Fig. 3 is embodiment three a structural representation.
Fig. 4 is embodiment four a structural representation.
Fig. 5 is one of effect barycenter positioning piece scheme.
Fig. 6 is two of effect barycenter positioning piece scheme.
Fig. 7 is three of effect barycenter positioning piece scheme.
Fig. 8 is four of effect barycenter positioning piece scheme.
Fig. 9 is five of effect barycenter positioning piece scheme.
Figure 10 is six of effect barycenter positioning piece scheme.
Figure 11 is seven of effect barycenter positioning piece scheme.
Figure 12 is eight of effect barycenter positioning piece scheme.
Figure 13 is embodiment five a structural representation.
Figure 14 is one of telescopic shaft embodiment.
Figure 15 is two of a telescopic shaft embodiment.
Figure 16 is embodiment six a structural representation.
Figure 17 is the angle regulator schematic representation.
Figure 18 is one of frame type tandem-driving bogie organization plan.
Figure 19 is two of a frame type tandem-driving bogie organization plan.
Figure 20 is three of a frame type tandem-driving bogie organization plan.
Figure 21 is four of a frame type tandem-driving bogie organization plan.
Figure 22 is a triangle crank schematic representation.
Figure 23 is a pendulum balance schematic representation.
Figure 24 is a underlying beam-balanced pumping unit kinematic sketch.
Figure 25 is a walking beam compound balanced pumping unit kinematic sketch.
Figure 26 is the type approval test crank torque comparison diagram of this machine and conventional machine.
Figure 27 is the oil pumping operation crank torque comparison diagram of this machine and conventional machine.
Among the figure: 1-power engine, 2-chassis, 3-belt driver, 4-speed reducer, the 5-crank, 6-connecting rod, 7-beam travelling supporting, 8-walking beam or curved walking beam, 8.1-balance arm, the 9-horse head, 10-crossbeam and crossbeam bearing support, 11-are entreated the rope device, the 12-brake, 13-holds flushing device 14-upper bracket, 15 times tandem-driving bogies, the last tandem-driving bogie of 16-, 17-column, 17.1-cross bar, 17.2-stiffening plate, 18-dividing plate, 19; The 22-hanging scroll, 20; The 21-hanger, 23-hanging seat, 23.1-U shape hook, 24; 24.1-by door bolt, 25-wedge slot seat, 26-straight trough seat, 26.1-bolt, 27-scale, 28～extension/hinge, 29-tandem-driving bogie/piece, the 30-piece of transposing, the 30.1-joining plate, 30.2-multiple tooth off-load cover plate, 31-boatswain chair or suspension rod, 32-rectangular shaft bearing, or the middle part rectangle shaft part that combines as a whole with extension/hinge, 33-cushion block, 34-bolt, the 35-nut, 36-rectangle groove, 37-rectangle elongated slot, 38--rectangle or trapezoidal double wedge, 39-rectangle or dovetail groove, 40-flexible rod, the 41-flexible rod, 42-screw rod, 43-nut, the 44-screw rod, 45-suspension rod, 46-core barrel, the 47-sleeve pipe, 48-has right-handed nut's square tube or garden pipe, and 49-has the square tube or the garden pipe of left-handed nut, revolves screw rod about the 50-double end, the 51-base plate, the hook-shaped U-groove bevel of 52-, 53-mazy type U-groove bevel, the hook-shaped rectangle groove of 54-, the 55-lower support frame, the 56-support is on 57-is auxiliary, nowel, the 58-ledge, the 59-shelf, 60-angle adjustment frame, 61-angle adjustment sheet, 62-integrated type tandem-driving bogie, the 63-upright of frame, the 64-chassis base, 65-frame head plate, 66-framework, the 67-pad, 68-auxiliary balance case.
0-walking beam oscillation center, OO-is by the O point straight line parallel with walking beam, claim the walking beam line of action, the barycenter of G-underlying balancing mass or effect barycenter, put distance after L-barycenter or the effect barycenter G, put distance, line or symmetry plane among the FF-tandem-driving bogie under H---barycenter or the effect barycenter G, vertical with the walking beam line of action, KK; JJ-is the plumb line when a K or J sling tandem-driving bogie respectively, and the R-crank is long, and S-walking beam oscillation center is to the distance of crossbeam bearing centre, start at from faller wire θ--crank angle, and the contra solem is for just, φ--walking beam pivot angle points to the horizontal line of horse head certainly and starts at, and the contra solem is for just.
Embodiment one. and referring to Fig. 1, this is one of basic model of pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam.Its basic structure is identical with existing underlying beam-balanced pumping unit: after being slowed down by belt driver 3 and speed reducer 4 by power engine 1, driving is contained in crank 5 rotations at speed reducer output shaft two ends, again by connecting rod 6 and crossbeam and crossbeam bearing support 10, drive curved walking beam 8, center O around beam travelling supporting teeters, be contained in the horse head synchronous swing of curved walking beam front end, hang on the horse head rope hanger just and sucker rod move up and down together, finish oil pumping work, the major character of present embodiment is: the walking beam underlying Equilibrator with regulation barycenter structure, it is a kind of walking beam underlying tandem-driving bogie with regulation barycenter structure of being affiliated at curved beam travelling tail end, regulation barycenter structure comprises two parts: the one, and modulation barycenter structure, the 2nd, measure the barycenter structure.
Modulation barycenter structure has adopted a kind of frame structure building formula tandem-driving bogie-constitute a framework with the upper and lower base plate of three to four root posts 17 welding, this framework will be gone up tandem-driving bogie 16 and connect for having the integral body of two symmetry plane with following tandem-driving bogie 15, a symmetry plane overlaps with the complete machine symmetry plane, and another symmetry plane FF is vertical with walking beam line of action 00; And the top of last tandem-driving bogie 16 and following tandem-driving bogie 15 is provided with at least one horizontal shelf 18, and the side or the bottom of going up tandem-driving bogie 16 and following tandem-driving bogie 15 all be provided with heavy of row simple in structure, for example opens a hole, uses the keying of plate control hole.The quantity of weight in tandem-driving bogie 16 and the following tandem-driving bogie 15 can make barycenter G move along FF in the increase and decrease, reaches the purpose of modulation barycenter underlying distance H.Row is heavy, and door is used for shedding balancing mass.Dividing plate 18 is used for stoping the weight in the tandem-driving bogie to roll in the pumping unit running.
Mensuration barycenter structure is that the hanging scroll scale structure and the subsumption architecture-hanging scroll scale structure of building formula tandem-driving bogie is: the forward and backward side of building formula tandem-driving bogie is provided with hanging scroll 19,22---and forward and backward side respectively is associated with a pair of hanger 20,21, is installed with hanging scroll 19,22 in the hanger; Or perforate directly is installed with hanging scroll 19,22 on column 17; Also can with hanging scroll 19,22 welding or with Bolt Connection on column, hanging scroll central authorities are shaped on the groove that holds hoisting wirerope, before and after the both sides hanging scrolls in the short transverse of the building formula tandem-driving bogie distance that staggers, building formula tandem-driving bogie cuts with scissors/hangs over the hanging seat 23 of curved beam travelling tail end by hanging scroll or links up with on 23.1.And the left side of building formula tandem-driving bogie/right flank center line FF place is equipped with the scale 27 of starting at from the walking beam line of action.Described subsumption architecture is formula tandem-driving bogie front side, building two root posts 17 at the spacing of the complete machine symmetry plane Vertical direction width greater than curved beam travelling tail end, so that curved beam travelling tail end can put in neutral gear between column during on-site measurement Equilibrator barycenter; Between column 17 and curved beam travelling tail end, be provided with simultaneously by door bolt 24: during pumping unit work building formula tandem-driving bogie by by door bolt by the jail at curved beam travelling tail end, remove during balancing or withdraw from by fastening with a bolt or latch, building formula tandem-driving bogie is in free dumpling extension state.By door bolt multiple mounting type is arranged, present embodiment adopts the voussoir lifting structure: the straight trough seat 26 of the inboard fixed a pair of upward opening of tandem-driving bogie, sliding joining in the straight trough by door bolt 24, twist straight trough seat bottom bolt 26.1 or between by door bolt 24 and straight trough seat bottom surface, squeeze into key, to upwards clamp-on in the wedge slot of wedge slot seat 25 by door bolt 24, wedge slot seat 25 combines as a whole with curved beam travelling tail end and under shed, and second is a rectangle by fastening 24 cross section with a bolt or latch, and first is a wedge shape.Also can adopt by the door bolt connecting structure:, firmly connect with curved beam travelling tail end with bolt by fastening 24 grooves that place straight trough seat 26 with a bolt or latch.Also can adopt hook head structure, curved beam travelling tail end has the eave tile of a upward opening, is equipped with one in the eave tile by door bolt 24, pumping unit when work formula tandem-driving bogie front side, building with lean on mutually by fastening with a bolt or latch, also available bolt links together them.
Sling hanging scroll 19 or 22 o'clock, plumb line KK and JJ must be through the barycenter G of Equilibrator; Building formula tandem-driving bogie is about the FF symmetry, and G is again on FF, so KK; JJ; FF must intersect at G.Two kinds of methods of measuring G are arranged: a kind of is at the central authorities of hanging scroll 19 or the 22 building formula tandem-driving bogie of slinging, and by the plumb line KK at hanging scroll center or the intersection point of JJ and FF, is exactly barycenter G; Another kind is that building formula tandem-driving bogie hangs on the hanging seat 23 or U-shaped hook 23.1 of curved beam travelling tail end by hanging scroll 19 or 22 hinges, take out or withdraw from by door bolt 24, curved beam travelling tail end puts in the neutral gear of 17 on column, and building formula tandem-driving bogie is in free suspended state, and the intersection point of corresponding plumb line and FF is exactly barycenter G.On scale 27, can read building formula tandem-driving bogie barycenter underlying distance H, utilize modulation centroid position structure that it is tuned to simultaneously and meet the requirements.Preparatory work before preceding a kind of method is used to install; A kind of method in back is fine tuning or adjustment when changing jig frequency, stroke when being used to install, can be without crane.
Present embodiment adopts the curved walking beam that combines as a whole, and also can adopt by balance arm 8.1 to connect the curved walking beam of the combination that forms with walking beam.
Embodiment two.Referring to Fig. 2, present embodiment and embodiment one compare, and the main distinction is that described regulation barycenter structure is a kind of many hanging scrolls/hook tandem-driving bogie.Many hanging scrolls tandem-driving bogie is: tandem-driving bogie 15 is made independently whole rectangular configuration, before it; Back both sides are wrong apart from being furnished with at least three hanging scrolls, these hanging scrolls or by hanger 20; 21 link with the tandem-driving bogie front and back sides, or directly are through in the hole of tandem-driving bogie left and right side, and tandem-driving bogie hangs on the hanging seat 23 or U-shaped hook 23.1 that combines as a whole with curved beam travelling tail end by one of these hanging scrolls hinge.Sling hanging scroll 19 or 22, corresponding plumb line KK; JJ and tandem-driving bogie symmetrical line FF intersect at G, just can read the underlying distance H of G from scale 27; Change the underlying distance H of the adjustable rotten heart G of hanging scroll, H will be by the mistake between hanging scroll apart from increasing or reducing.During pumping unit work, the tandem-driving bogie leading flank can combine as a whole with curved beam travelling tail end by door bolt by leaning on the jail at curved beam travelling tail end by door bolt 24.1, and lives with the bolt connection with tandem-driving bogie, also can adopt embodiment's one described connecting mode.The difference of many hook tandem-driving bogies and many hanging scrolls tandem-driving bogie is: hook is contained on the tandem-driving bogie, and hanging scroll is contained in curved beam travelling tail end.
Another characteristics of present embodiment are to have adopted tower double-layer scaffold structure: entire bracket is formed by upper bracket 14 and lower support frame 55 usefulness Bolt Connection, and lower support frame 55 can combine as a whole also available Bolt Connection with the chassis weldering; Upper bracket 14 is designed to whole steel structure or the assembled triangle support similar with existing structure, uses Bolt Connection on lower support frame.The advantage of this supporting structure is the complete machine good rigidly, and is convenient to transportation.The present invention and present widely used common beam pumping unit all can adopt this supporting structure.
Embodiment one also can adopt said many hanging scroll/hook structures and tower double-layer scaffold structure here.
Embodiment three.Referring to Fig. 3, it and embodiment's two difference is: tandem-driving bogie 15 tops are with two root posts 17, on weld cross bar 17.1, other weldering stiffening plate 17.2 extends one and hangs the back of the body; Add top board on also available four root posts, extend a frame structure on tandem-driving bogie top; Column that constitute to hang the back of the body or frame structure is provided with at least three hanging scrolls 22, and these hanging scrolls are through in the hole of column 17, or welding or with Bolt Connection on column 17, also can be contained on the leading flank of column by hanger.Certainly also hanging scroll can be contained in curved beam travelling tail end, constitute on the column of hanging the back of the body or frame structure hook then is housed.
Embodiment four.Referring to Fig. 4, this be pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam basic model two, the difference of it and previous embodiment, be that underlying tandem-driving bogie/piece and curved beam travelling tail end have adopted free hinge hanging hang structure, regulation barycenter structure has adopted positioning piece tandem-driving bogie/piece hinge extension system one positioning piece 30 directly or by joining plate 30.1 to be connected in the tail end of curved walking beam 8 or to combine as a whole with it, tandem-driving bogie/piece 29 extends upward the boatswain chair or the suspension rod 31 of two symmetries, shown position, positioning piece 30 coincides with the symmetrical line of boatswain chair 31, on this symmetrical line FF, positioning piece 30 and boatswain chair 31 all are shaped on equivalent amount, with equidistant hole system.Extension/hinge 28 penetrates in a certain hole of hole system, and tandem-driving bogie/piece 29 is just free hinged at this Kong Weiyu positioning piece 30, and this position, hole center G is exactly an articulating point; Because the whole weight of tandem-driving bogie/piece all will act on the walking beam by articulating point G, actual barycenter is with inoperative, it is identical that its counterbalance effect and the whole weight of tandem-driving bogie/piece all concentrate on articulating point G, so this articulating point G is called the effect barycenter of underlying Equilibrator, L and H are respectively postposition distance and the underlying distances of G.Extension/hinge 28 is through in the different holes, and same tandem-driving bogie/piece just has different H; Also multiple row hole system can be shaped on positioning piece 30, with time modulation H and L.If have two extension/hinges 28, centroid position installs extension/hinge in accordance with regulations, pulls down last extension/hinge again, and modulation work is with very convenient.
The embodiment of positioning piece is varied, and Fig. 5～Figure 12 is the part example.
Fig. 5 is a kind of hook-shaped U-groove bevel hinge hanging hang structure; Positioning piece 30 right sides weld or connect firmly with bolt with curved beam travelling tail end by the joining plate 30.1 that combines as a whole with it, the left side is shaped at least three hook-shaped U-groove bevels 52, the tandem-driving bogie hinge hangs in the hook-shaped U-groove bevel: tandem-driving bogie 29 left and right sides extend upward boatswain chair 31, two boatswain chair upper ends are shaped on hole, concentric garden, bearing is housed in the hole, extension/hinge 28 is through in the bearing and does and fixes to axial, and its middle part shaft part places hook-shaped U-groove bevel.The center in half garden, hook-shaped U-groove bevel bottom is exactly the effect barycenter of balancing mass, because have three hook-shaped U-groove bevels at least, just has at least three underlying distance H available, to adapt to the balance requirement of three kinds of jig frequencies of pumping unit.
Said hook-shaped U-groove bevel also can change into and curved beam travelling tail end or the hinged suspension hook of position adjustable board, and U-shaped can be adopted in the inboard of suspension hook, also can adopt rectangle, and at this moment suspension hook is the effect barycenter with the articulating point of positioning piece or beam travelling tail end.This structure can be called hook balancing case/piece hinge extension system.
Fig. 6 is an a kind of mazy type U-groove bevel hinge hanging hang structure: the difference of it and Fig. 5 is, be shaped on many horizontal rows to passage on the positioning piece 30, the sagging a plurality of U-groove bevels of every row's passage, be called mazy type U-groove bevel 53, and the import of each passage all uses multiple tooth off-load cover plate 30.2 to seal, and multiple tooth off-load cover plate connects firmly on the positioning piece with bolt.The positioning piece adopts this scheme, but the rearmounted distance L of effect barycenter G and the equal modulation of underlying distance H.
Fig. 7 is a kind of rectangle groove hinge hanging hang structure: be shaped at least three rectangle grooves 36 on the positioning piece 30, extension/hinge 28 is by suspension rod 31 and positioning piece 30 extension/hinge in rectangle groove.It is that the bearing support 32 of rectangle is hinged that two kinds of extension/hinge modes, one (1) extension/hinge, 28 stage casings and gabarit are arranged, this rectangle gabarit bearing support places the rectangle groove of positioning piece, suspension rod 31 upper end kinks are at extension/hinge 28 two ends, the lower end be connected in the spindle nose kink of tandem-driving bogie/piece 29 left and right side, and make axial restraint.(2) suspension rod 31 upper ends and extension/hinge 28 two ends are by bearing hinge connection, and extension/hinge 28 middle parts are rectangle shaft part 32, and this rectangle shaft part places the rectangle groove of positioning piece 30.The rectangle groove of positioning piece 30 is sealed with toothed off-load cover plate 30.2.The center of rectangular shaft bearing or the middle part rectangle shaft part 32 that combines as a whole with extension/hinge is exactly the effect barycenter of Equilibrator, and it then is its underlying distance H to the distance of walking beam line of action 00.
Fig. 8 is a kind of hook-shaped rectangle groove hinge hanging hang structure, and it with the difference of Fig. 7 is: the rectangle groove on the piece 30 of transposing changes hook-shaped rectangle groove 54 into.The positioning piece adopts this programme, and charge and discharge operations will be the same with Fig. 5 convenient.
Fig. 9 is a kind of elongated slot hinge hanging hang structure, the difference of it and Fig. 7 rectangle groove hinge hanging hang structure is: a plurality of rectangle grooves on (1) positioning piece change the upward opening or the rectangle elongated slot 37 of opening not into, the upper end of opening elongated slot is held with bolt 34 nuts 35, strengthening the positioning bulk strength, and extension/hinge or rectangle gabarit bearing support are played clamping action.(2) rectangle bearing or place said elongated slot with middle part rectangle shaft part 32 that extension/hinge 28 combines as a whole, the elongated slot bottom is equipped with the cushion block 33 that thickness does not wait, and is used for the position and the underlying distance H of promotor action barycenter.The cushion block that also can comprise a band U-groove bevel in the cushion block 33 is used for putting garden shape extension/hinge in rectangle groove.Intermediate member 31 adopts boatswain chair, also can adopt suspension rod.It also can be parallel 2～3 that said elongated slot is one at least.
Figure 10 is a kind of simple and easy jack that is connected into by screw rod 42 and nut 43, replaces the cushion block of Fig. 9 elongated slot bottom with its, underlying distance H that can stepless promotor action barycenter.
Figure 11 also is a kind of elongated slot hinge hanging hang structure, just transpose on the piece 30 elongated slot 37 sealings or under shed, positioning piece top is provided with screw-and-nut mechanism, and screw rod 44 upper ends have to twist uses square toes, and lower end and rectangular shaft bearing or rectangle shaft part 32 link along screw axial; Tandem-driving bogie is hung in from rectangular shaft bearing 32 both sides by suspension rod 45 hinge and stretches out, or on the extension/hinge 28 that extends to both sides from rectangle shaft part 32.This positioning piece scheme is the underlying distance H of promotor action barycenter G continuously, but will prevent that the bolt and nut rust is dead.
Figure 12 is a kind of scheme that connects of positioning piece 30 and curved beam travelling tail end: a joining plate 30.1 is arranged, rectangle or trapezoidal double wedge 38 are arranged on it, the inboard of positioning piece 30 has corresponding rectangle or dovetail groove 39 blocks with it mutually, and positioning piece 30 tops connect firmly with joining plate 30.1 with bolt 34 nuts 35, and joining plate then combines as a whole with curved beam travelling tail end.Adopt this connection scheme, but the also underlying distance H of promotor action barycenter, and as the positioning scheme of positioning piece.
Must be pointed out: positioning piece 30 is block, also tabular, strip or hollow structure.It can be a separate component that connects with curved beam travelling tail end; Also can combine as a whole with curved beam travelling tail end-at this moment, the positioning piece can be considered curved beam travelling tail end, is shaped on the hole on the positioning piece; Groove is shaped on hole, groove exactly on curved beam travelling tail end.Said suspension rod is 31 tabular, shaft-like, strip, also adopted shape or two are adopted shapes.
Embodiment five.Referring to Figure 13, this be pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam basic model three, regulation barycenter structure underlying Equilibrator has adopted English truss tandem-driving bogie/piece hinge/extension system one flexible rod 40; 41 upper ends are hinged with walking beam 8 respectively, and the lower end is hinged, but constitute the curved walking beam of the English truss formula of a modulation, and tandem-driving bogie/piece 29 directly or by peg/hook freely cuts with scissors/hang over English truss lower hinge point G place.G is exactly the effect barycenter of underlying Equilibrator.Because 40 and 41 are the flexible rod that length-adjustable becomes, can require G is tuned to any assigned position in the scope of design according to reality.Flexible rod 40; 41 with the articulating point of walking beam 8 not necessarily in position shown in Figure 13, also can be hinged in other positions and walking beam, also available bolt is connected in walking beam top, bottom or tail end with pin rocker bearing, and has the positioning structure.If equilibrium block 29 is made circle or rectangle, also can make its barycenter overlap and cut with scissors hanging on the hinging shaft 28 with hinged center, embodiment four also can be like this.
Figure 14 is one of flexible rod scheme: core barrel 46 and sleeve pipe 47 sliding sleeves, be shaped at least one hole, garden on the sleeve pipe, then be shaped on hole, a series of garden on the core barrel, screw rod 34 inserts in the different holes of sleeve pipe and core barrel, get final product the length of modulation telescopic shaft, this length can be read from the scale 27 that is engraved on the core barrel.
Figure 14 is two of a flexible rod scheme: the square tube or the garden pipe 48,49 that have dextrorotation or left-handed nut, with revolving screw rod 50 about a kind of double end they are linked up, can constitute another kind of flexible rod, revolve about double end and also be carved with the scale 27 that shows length of telescopic bar in the groove of screw rod 50.
Embodiment six.Referring to Figure 16, this be pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam basic model four, characteristics are with swing mode modulation Equilibrator barycenter underlying distance H: curved walking beam adopts balance arm 8.1 to be affiliated to composite structure at walking beam 8 afterbodys, and mutually by locating setting angle controlling device A; The tail end of tandem-driving bogie 62 and balance arm 8.1 also adopts and is affiliated to structure simultaneously, by the place angle regulator B identical with A is installed mutually, the quantity of angle adjustment sheet among modulation A, the B, but keep its sum constant, the balance arm 8.1 and the angle α of walking beam 8 are changed, and tandem-driving bogie 62 is then constant all the time and reach the purpose of modulation H with walking beam 8 angle β.Angle device A, B amplify as shown in figure 17, it is made up of scaffold 60 and angle adjustment sheet 61, there is identical diameter d in the garden outside the cambered surface of scaffold and the angle adjustment sheet 61, and be the center of circle all with hinge hanging scroll center O, regulating element among angle regulator A, the B also can be used regulating block, bearing pin, screw-jack etc. instead without the angle adjustment sheet.Angle regulator B also can be installed in special on the door bolt 24, claims angle adjustment by door bolt, this moment angle regulator A can insert separately balance arm 8.1 and walking beam 8 tail ends mutually by locating, also can be made into angle adjustment and insert by door bolt.
Tandem-driving bogie structural type of the present invention is various, and overall hierarchical structure, frame structure, extension back structure and free hinging structure or the like are arranged.Overall hierarchical structure 62 (Figure 16) is that tandem-driving bogie is made an integral body, and support 56 or ledge 58 also can be designed in inside, lay shelf 59, also can go into or connect to assist upper and lower case 57 at whole machine balancing case upper and lower part seat.The basic structure of frame type is shown in Figure 18～21, be to connect top boards 65 and base plate 64 constitutes frameworks 66 with the isometric columns 63 of three or four, framework upper connects top box 16 (Figure 19) or connects nowel 15 (Figure 20), or being connected with top box and nowel (Figure 18) simultaneously, the nowel bottom also can join nowel again.Described connection can be the Bolt Connection of using always, it also can be the welding that combines as a whole, framework inside also can take the customary means cunning to join auxiliary balance case 68 (Figure 21), and is fixed behind the position of taking the lifting of habitually practising or lift device to regulate this auxiliary balance case.Hanging back structure (Fig. 3) is a mutation of frame structure, adopts when need not top box is set.Free hinging structure is shown in Fig. 4～13, and making is had relatively high expectations, and looks from horse head one end, and tandem-driving bogie/piece must bilateral symmetry.No matter be which kind of structure, the bottom of tandem-driving bogie/piece also can connect a plurality of auxiliary nowel/pieces, and the end face of foot tandem-driving bogie/piece is provided with the pad 67 that thickness is not less than 5～10 millimeters, described nowel is discharged at holds on the flushing device, remove pad, pumping unit can run well and can not collide with the case top of unloading, and the pad of removing resets and can will assist nowel to be connected on the Equilibrator again.This structure will help alleviating motor load and helping operations such as " bumping pump " when just shipment is changeed.
The support of pumping unit of the present invention can adopt tower double-layer scaffold structure, also can adopt conventional structure.The crank of pumping unit of the present invention can adopt straight crank, also can adopt the triangle crank, and Figure 22 is the structural representation of triangle crank, is characterised in that: the straight line and center, the crank spindle hole connection that connect all crank pin holes center are a triangle.
Pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam embodiment of the present invention all is front-located mode structures, also can adopt rear-mountedly, as long as connecting rod 6 is arranged on curved walking beam rear portion with the articulating point of walking beam 8, has just obtained rear-mounted pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam.The present invention stipulates barycenter underlying Equilibrator, can use separately, also can mix use with conventional balance mode, therefore, the present invention also can be used to existing common beam pumping unit is carried out reducing energy consumption, so long as beam-pumping unit all can adopt regulation barycenter underlying Equilibrator of the present invention.
Pumping unit of the present invention is compared with beam-pumping unit at home and abroad, all belongs to the leading position in all fields: 1, and crank Peak torque reduction amplitude reaches 30～60%; The power saving rate amplitude reaches 30～50%.2, complete machine structure is simple and reliable.3, installation and maintenance and accent ginseng are convenient.4, balancing is convenient, and balanced ratio can reach 98%.5, complete machine is in light weight, and the reduction amplitude reaches 30%.6, manufacture cost reduces by 20%.7, the machine stress situation is improved, and easily damaged parts reduces, and service life of a machine prolongs.
Prove below: " the regulation barycenter underlying balance " of pumping unit of the present invention is a kind of optimum balance mode.
(1) the pendulum balance can be directly and the moment of inertia of complete equilibrium walking beam system
Imagine a kind of pendulum balance, as the mc of Figure 23, it places the below of walking beam oscillation center O, and barycenter was positioned on the faller wire of the O point walking beam of doing, and as the same pendulum that combines as a whole with walking beam, pendulum length is the distance H of O point to the mc barycenter.Prove easily: the gravitational moment M that pendulum mc produces
GCan be directly and the moment of inertia Mn of complete equilibrium walking beam system.
If crank R at the uniform velocity rotates with the angular velocity omega contra solem, its angular displacement and walking beam (being rocking bar s) the equal contra solem of angular displacement φ is for just.By projection relation:
T=-Rcos θ+Pcos δ-Ssin φ (1) is very little because of the pivot angle δ of connecting rod P, cos δ ≈ 1; During φ≤30 °, the difference of φ and sin φ is no more than 4.72%, as makes T=P, and omits trace, can be got by formula (1) again:
φ=sinφ=-(R/S)cosθ
φ′=dφ/dθ=(R/S)sinθ (2)
φ "=d
2φ/d θ
2=(R/S) moment of inertia of cos θ pumping unit will be by Q, mc and walking beam (balance) the quality m (arm of force L) and the walking beam rotary inertia J generation of walking beam system, and they to the moment of walking beam oscillation center O are:
Mn=(L
1 2Q+L
2M+H
2Mc) (R/S) ω
2Cos θ (3) pendulum mc to the gravitational moment of walking beam oscillation center is:
M
G=Hmcgsin φ=-Hmcg (R/S) cos θ (4) M
G-θ and Mn-θ are two anti-phase cosine curves, as long as amplitude equates that Mn+M is promptly arranged
G=0, the moment of inertia of can be in the inside direct balance beam of pendulum system; At this moment, H must meet equation
H
2-(g/ ω
2) H+ (L
1 2Q/mc+L
2M/mc+J/mc)=0 (5) solve
H=0.5{g/ ω
2-[g
2/ ω
4-4 (L
1 2Q/mc+L
2M/mc+J/mc)]
0.5(6) H must be real number, condition is
ω≤[0.25g
2/ (L
1 2Q/mc+L
2M/mc+J/mc)]
0.25(7) the pumping unit jig frequency n that is limited by condition (7) dashes from n≤8 of 6 meters long strokes, dashes to n≤20 of 1 meter short stroke, can satisfy actual demand completely.
Pendulum balance and any conventional balance mode combination all can obtain the optimum balance effect at the inertial force of the inner complete equilibrium walking beam of walking beam system.
(2) walking beam underlying balance=beam balance+pendulum balance
Pendulum balance and beam balance combination, the barycenter that can produce a kind of new balance one balancing mass is put fourth walking beam lower rear, and in the pumping unit running, the barycenter of balancing mass or effect barycenter and walking beam do not have relative movement, as same rigid body.This new balance is called " regulation barycenter underlying balance " (being called for short the underlying balance).The balance mode that balancing mass is placed the walking beam rear lower side is also arranged in the prior art, but their barycenter/effect barycenter or along with the running of pumping unit is done relative movement clocklike for walking beam, perhaps their barycenter/effect barycenter is positioned on the walking beam center line and not below walking beam, therefore, said here " underlying balance " has the difference of essence with them.
Here said " underlying balance " is a kind of marvellous balance, and marvellous part is that a underlying quality can work as two quality and use: one at beam travelling tail end, and therefore another, be a kind of brand-new two-stage balanced on the perpendicular bisector of walking beam.Figure 25 is a kind of walking beam compound balanced pumping unit sketch: the quality mB that places beam travelling tail end B place is traditional beam balance, putting the fourth walking beam, to cross the quality mc at C place on the faller wire of swing center O be pendulum balance as same single pendulum, prove easily, as long as OBGC is rectangle and mB=mc=m, place the walking beam underlying quality m (Figure 24) at G place and walking beam composite balance (Figure 25) dynamically of equal value.
Figure 24, barycenter is positioned at the quality m of G on the walking beam 8, the moment MG that walking beam oscillation center O is produced is made of two-part at the volley, and a part is the moment of the gravity of m to O, equals to vow the vector product OG * mgi (i is for pointing to the unit vector in the earth's core) through OG and gravitational vectors mgi; Another part is the moment of the inertial force of walking beam when swing m to O, equal the tangential inertial force mp ε τ of radius vector OG and m vector product OG * (ε is the angular acceleration of walking beam 8 to m ρ ε τ, τ, τ
1, τ
2Be perpendicular to the unit tangent vector of OG, OB, OC respectively), therefore:
M
G=OG * mgi+OG * m ρ ε τ is because of OG=OB+OC, ρ τ=L τ
1+ H τ
2, the substitution following formula is also noted OB * τ
2=O and OC * τ
1=O,
M
G=(OB * mgi+OB * mL ε τ
1)+(OC * mgi+OC * mH ε τ
2) obviously, (OB * mgi+OB * mL ε τ
1)=MB and (OC * mgi+OC * mH ε τ
2)=M
c, be respectively among Figure 25 on the walking beam 8 barycenter be positioned at B, the quality m of C
B=m and m
cThe gravity of=m and inertial force is to the moment of walking beam oscillation center O, in other words, and M
G=M
B+ M
c
Conclusion: " walking beam underlying balance " and " composite balance of beam balance and pendulum balance ", both are dynamically of equal value; In other words: " walking beam underlying balance can dynamically be decomposed into walking beam component balance and pendulum component balance of equal valuely ".
The essence of (three) underlying balance---store potential energy and kinetic energy
The walking beam component of walking beam underlying balance and pendulum component are used for the inertial force of balanced oil extractor suspension point gravity load and walking beam system respectively.These two kinds of balances in fact all are the transfer and the storages of the inherent mechanical energy of pumping unit:
The walking beam component is used for storing the gravitational potential energy of suspension point sprung mass Q: to lower dead centre (θ ≈ 0), lose and reach maximum value G by the potential energy of Q from upper dead center (θ ≈ π) for crank, and the potential energy increase of walking beam component reaches maximum value G
1Crank is from the lower dead centre to the upper dead center, just conversely.Like this, G → G
1→ G → G
1Circulation repeatedly, the potential energy of Q is shifted storage, and unlikely losing reaches purpose of energy saving.The condition that potential energy stores fully is G
1=G, that is:
mL=QL
1 (8)
The pendulum component is used for shifting and storing the kinetic energy of walking beam system: walking beam system kinetic energy is O when upper and lower dead point (θ ≈ π, O), and pendulum component gravitational potential energy reaches maximum value G
2During walking beam horizontal position (θ=90,270 °), walking beam system kinetic energy reaches maximum value E, and pendulum component gravitational potential energy is O, by E → G
2→ E → G
2, the momentum transfer that makes the walking beam system is the potential energy of pendulum and unlikely loss.Perfect condition should have E=G, and introduction-type (2) can push away
H
2-(g/ ω
2) H+ (L
2+ LL
1+ J/m)=0 (9) formulas (9) are consistent with formula (5), substitution mc=m and mL=QL in formula (5)
1, just can obtain formula (9), this proves that once more " kinetic energy stores theoretical " is correct.
The pumping unit suspending point loading mainly comprises pumping unit weight Q
1With lifting oil column weight Q
2, and Q
1, Q
2Inertial force, secondly be the resistance F of the prevention sucker rod motion that produces of all factors (mainly being factors such as frictional force, vibration).The resistance work done always changes heat into and runs off, and can not shift, store with mechanical means.Conventional crank balance and beam balance can make Q
1, Q
2Potential energy shift to store, but can not make their momentum transfer, storage.Undoubtedly, can make Q
1, Q
2Potential energy and kinetic energy all can all shift at upper and lower stroke, storage and the balance of unlikely loss will be the optimum balance that energy-saving effect reaches ideal state, regulation barycenter underlying balance is exactly this optimum balance.Figure 26,27 can support evidence: Figure 26 and be the equal load crank torque curve during type approval test down, Figure 27 is the crank torque curve boundary under the optimum balance state when pumping operation under the equal stroke of equal hole condition, among the figure, 1.-regulation barycenter underlying balance, jig frequency designs jig frequency for each; 2.-and the common beam balance, jig frequency approaches zero; 3. common beam balance, the highest design jig frequency; 4.-with 3. corresponding moment of inertia.1. with 2. close and with the irrelevant explanation regulation of jig frequency barycenter underlying balance complete equilibrium moment of inertia, 2.+4. peak value 3. illustrates that the common beam balance does not have the balance inertial force square fully much larger than 2. and 3. ≈.Compare with routine or non-synchronous crank balance mode, similar result can be arranged.
Claims (10)
1. a pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam comprises power engine; Belt driver; Speed reducer; Crank; Connecting rod; Crossbeam and crossbeam bearing support; The curved walking beam of whole or combination; Beam travelling supporting; Sheet or colyliform horse head and hang over rope hanger on the horse head; Braking device; Support; Chassis and hold flushing device; Conventional Equilibrator; And the walking beam underlying Equilibrator that is connected in curved beam travelling tail end, it is characterized in that: described walking beam underlying Equilibrator is the underlying tandem-driving bogie/piece with regulation barycenter structure that a kind of hinge hangs over curved beam travelling tail end.
2. according to the pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam of claim 1, be characterised in that regulation barycenter structure comprises modulation barycenter structure and measures the barycenter structure: modulation barycenter structure is a kind of frame structure building formula tandem-driving bogie---weld upper and lower base plate with three to four isometric columns and constitute a framework, on this framework/bottom is connected with/following tandem-driving bogie individually or simultaneously, constitute and have the independent whole of two symmetry plane, a symmetry plane overlaps with the pumping unit symmetry plane, and another symmetry plane is vertical with the walking beam line of action; Measuring the barycenter structure is that hanging scroll/hook scale structure and subsumption architecture that building formula tandem-driving bogie has---hanging scroll/hook scale structure is: at least one hanging scroll/hook is housed on the forward and backward side of building formula tandem-driving bogie, curved beam travelling tail end is equipped with hanging seat/hook or hanging scroll, and the left side of building formula tandem-driving bogie/right flank midline is provided with the scale 27 of starting at from the walking beam line of action; Subsumption architecture is: two root posts of building formula tandem-driving bogie leading flank are at the spacing of the complete machine symmetry plane Vertical direction width greater than curved beam travelling tail end, and building formula tandem-driving bogie is by leaning on mutually with curved beam travelling tail end by fastening 24 with a bolt or latch.
3. according to the pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam of claim 1, be characterised in that: regulation barycenter structure is a kind of many hanging scrolls/hook tandem-driving bogie: tandem-driving bogie is made independently rectangular configuration, or rectangle tandem-driving bogie top is associated with and adds cross bar on two root posts and extend one and hang the back of the body, or extending a frame structure with adding top board on four root posts, tandem-driving bogie or its extension part misclassification are apart from least three hanging scroll/hooks are housed; Curved walking beam afterbody then is equipped with hanging seat, hook or hanging scroll, and the hanging scroll of tandem-driving bogie/hook hinge hangs on the hanging seat, hook/hanging scroll of curved walking beam afterbody, and by leaning on mutually with curved beam travelling tail end by fastening with a bolt or latch.
4. according to the pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam of claim 1, be characterised in that: regulation barycenter structure is a kind of positioning piece tandem-driving bogie/piece hinge extension system---be connected in curved beam travelling tail end or the positioning piece that combines as a whole with curved beam travelling tail end on be shaped on hole, at least three gardens; Hook-shaped or mazy type U-shaped hole, square hole or hook-shaped square hole, or be shaped at least one elongated slot, boatswain chair/suspension rod or the suspension hook of tandem-driving bogie/piece by connecting with it freely cuts with scissors and hangs in said hole, the groove.
5. according to the pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam of claim 1, be characterised in that: regulation barycenter structure is a kind of hook balancing case/piece hinge extension system---curved beam travelling tail end or be connected on the positioning piece of curved beam travelling tail end, be hinged with at least three suspension hooks, tandem-driving bogie/piece passes through boatswain chair/suspension rod, freely cuts with scissors to hang on the said suspension hook.
6. according to the pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam of claim 1, be characterised in that: regulation barycenter structure has adopted English truss tandem-driving bogie/piece hinge extension system---two flexible rods are arranged, their upper end is hinged on the walking beam respectively, the lower end then is hinged, but constitutes the curved walking beam of the English truss formula of a modulation; Tandem-driving bogie/piece directly or by hanging/linking up with freely cuts with scissors the lower hinge point place that hangs over the triangle truss.
7. according to the pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam of claim 1, be characterised in that: balance arm 8.1 and walking beam 8 tail ends connects in the curved walking beam of combination, and the connecting of tandem-driving bogie 62 and balance arm 8.1 tail ends, adopt the identical structure of being affiliated to: the top hinge is hung, the bottom is leaned on mutually by a kind of angle regulator, angle regulator is made of scaffold 60 and the angle adjustment element that is placed in the scaffold, regulating element can adopt the angle adjustment sheet, also can adopt angle-regulating block, bearing pin and jack.
8. according to the pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam of claim 1, be characterised in that: a plurality of tandem-driving bogie/pieces of the also available Bolt Connection in tandem-driving bogie/piece bottom, and the end face of bottommost tandem-driving bogie/piece is provided with the pad 67 that thickness is not less than the 5-10 millimeter.
9. according to the pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam of claim 1, be characterised in that: adopted tower double-layer scaffold structure: lower support frame 55 connects as a whole with the chassis, upper bracket is designed to whole steel structure or assembled triangle support, uses Bolt Connection on lower support frame.
10. according to the pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam of claim 1, be characterised in that: the line of centres of all pin-and-holes on the crank constitutes a triangle with the heart among the crank spindle hole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011027371A CN1176301C (en) | 2000-01-06 | 2001-01-04 | Pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00101331.9 | 2000-01-06 | ||
| CN00101331 | 2000-01-06 | ||
| CNB011027371A CN1176301C (en) | 2000-01-06 | 2001-01-04 | Pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1302953A true CN1302953A (en) | 2001-07-11 |
| CN1176301C CN1176301C (en) | 2004-11-17 |
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ID=25739183
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011027371A Expired - Fee Related CN1176301C (en) | 2000-01-06 | 2001-01-04 | Pumping unit with lower centroidal and balanced running beam |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1176301C (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004001185A1 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-31 | Zhiping Zhang | A pumping unit with a curved and folded walking beam |
| CN101892819A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2010-11-24 | 董兰田 | Front power-balanced beam-pumping unit |
| CN102454387A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-16 | 天津市润通石油设备有限公司 | Oil pumping machine |
| CN112196497A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-08 | 张云 | Oil development is with beam-pumping unit concatenation formula antidetonation type support |
| CN113153225A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-23 | 中油智采(天津)科技有限公司 | Standby load conversion device without shutdown for single-machine multi-well oil pumping unit |
-
2001
- 2001-01-04 CN CNB011027371A patent/CN1176301C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004001185A1 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-31 | Zhiping Zhang | A pumping unit with a curved and folded walking beam |
| CN101892819A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2010-11-24 | 董兰田 | Front power-balanced beam-pumping unit |
| CN102454387A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-16 | 天津市润通石油设备有限公司 | Oil pumping machine |
| CN112196497A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-08 | 张云 | Oil development is with beam-pumping unit concatenation formula antidetonation type support |
| CN113153225A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-23 | 中油智采(天津)科技有限公司 | Standby load conversion device without shutdown for single-machine multi-well oil pumping unit |
| CN113153225B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2023-05-05 | 中油智采(天津)科技有限公司 | Stand-by load conversion device for single-machine multi-well pumping unit without stopping machine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1176301C (en) | 2004-11-17 |
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