CN1300365C - Functional compositematerial and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
Functional compositematerial and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1300365C CN1300365C CNB031402399A CN03140239A CN1300365C CN 1300365 C CN1300365 C CN 1300365C CN B031402399 A CNB031402399 A CN B031402399A CN 03140239 A CN03140239 A CN 03140239A CN 1300365 C CN1300365 C CN 1300365C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a preparation method for functional composite materials. The present invention comprises the following steps: powder with a functional action is put in a holding cavity, and then, field action is applied to the powder in the holding cavity. Then, a liquid materials are dipped in the powder, and finally, the liquid materials are solidified; or the liquid materials can be firstly put in the holding cavity, and then, the powder with functional action is added to the holding cavity filled with the liquid materials. Then, the field action is applied to the powder in the holding cavity, and finally, the liquid materials are solidified. The powder of the functional composite materials prepared with the present invention regularly and uniformly distribute in the composite materials, microstructure crystal grains are small and uniform, and the microstructure has the characteristic of favorable repeatability. Because a property and a state of powder grains are maintained in the prepared materials, the prepared materials have the advantages of uniform microstructure and favorable performance. The functional composite materials can have the functions of electrical conduction, semiconduction, superconduction, magnetic performance, piezoelectricity, damping, sound absorption, light sensation, temperature sensation, etc., and have wide application range and a good market perspective.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of composite materials, particularly a kind of functional composite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Functional composite material is meant the matrix material that other physicalies also is provided and comprises part chemistry or biological property except that mechanical property, if any conduct electricity, partly lead, the matrix material of function such as superconduction, magnetic, piezoelectricity, damping, sound absorption, suction ripple, friction, photosensitive, temperature-sensitive; Functional composite material mainly is made of one or more functives and matrix bond, prior function matrix material major part is made of the powdered material with function, powdered material flocked together manufacture part or volume material, generally need to make powder particle be combined together to form green compact by bigger stress compacting, the sintering green compact make between the powder particle and combine securely mutually then, are disclosed " a kind of preparation TiB of patent of invention of 01133505.X as number of patent application
2The method of-BN conducing composite material ", will suppress with mould after titania powder, boron trioxide powder and the magnesium dust uniform mixing, sintering is used for the metallization of ceramic material surfaces then; Yet, in sintering process, complicated physicochemical change generally can take place in powdered material, because sintering temperature is higher, powder with function may lose original performance in sintering process or original performance is lowered, thereby has a strong impact on the performance quality of prepared functional composite material; For example, for manocrystalline powders, crystal grain is easy to grow up in sintering process, consequently is difficult to the character that keeps nanocrystalline; And, because sintered powder material contains a large amount of holes, thereby make functional composite material discontinuous; And for example magneticsubstance can lose magnetism in sintering process, so must material be magnetized after sintering is finished again; In addition, above-mentioned sintering process generally must or have under the nonoxidizing atmosphere condition of protective gas in vacuum environment carries out, and sintering time is long, the energy consumption height.The method that existing another kind prepares functional composite material is that the powder with function is sneaked in the semi-solid body material, it as number of patent application 00119155.1 patent of invention disclosed " preparation of composite conducting rubber polymer material ", adopt Banbury mixer and mill that the conductive powder filler is joined blend in the rubber polymer, preparation positive temperature coefficient matrix material.No matter above-mentioned two kinds of methods are with admixture of powder, still powder is joined blend in the polymkeric substance as filler, no matter the blend time how long, all can not guarantee the real uniform distribution of each phase material, the orientation of powder also is at random, thereby the homogeneity of prepared composite functional material is subjected to bigger influence.At number of patent application is that 00119155.1 patent of invention disclosed " making method of powder pressing appts and rare earth alloy magnetic powder formed body " discloses a kind of method of suppressing after the powder orientation that makes in magnetic field, this method can make powder distribution comparatively even, but can not guarantee that confusion does not take place in pressing process the powder that has been orientated.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, provide a kind of powder that can make to be evenly distributed in the matrix material regularly, microstructure crystal grain is tiny evenly, microstructure characteristic has good repeatability, and the character of powder particle and state are maintained at the preparation method of the functional composite material in the prepared material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of homogeneous microstructure of method for preparing, well behaved functional composite material of utilizing, functional composite material of the present invention does not comprise to improve the matrix material that hardness and wear resisting property are the purpose preparation.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the preparation method of this functional composite material comprises the steps and processing condition: the powder that will have function earlier is placed in the cavity volume, then to the effect of the powder applied field in the cavity volume, again the fluent material infiltration is entered between the powder, at last fluent material curing can be made the required function matrix material; In the aforementioned operation process, the powder with function remains solid-state, and is distributed in fluent material regularly and solidifies in the body material of formation.
The preparation method of this functional composite material also can comprise the steps and processing condition: in the cavity volume of earlier fluent material being packed into, the powder adding that will have function then is equipped with in the cavity volume of fluent material, to the effect of the powder applied field in the cavity volume, at last fluent material curing can be made the required function matrix material again; In the aforementioned operation process, the powder with function remains solid-state, and is distributed in fluent material regularly and solidifies in the body material of formation.
The described field that applies is meant material fields such as the field of force, electric field, magnetic field, light field, temperature field, wave field.
When described field was gravity field, the powder deposition that will have function under the effect of gravity field solidified fluent material in fluent material then, and the acquisition powder is uniformly distributed in the functional composite material in the body material.
When described field is magnetic field or electric field, described magnetic field or electric field make its even orientation to the powder generation effect in the fluent material in powder in the cavity volume or the cavity volume, then fluent material is solidified, thereby the powder curing that will be orientated (orientation of powder is preceding in full accord with curing), the acquisition powder is uniformly distributed in the functional composite material in the body material.
Described fluent material can be to be solid under the normal temperature, by heating the material that can be transformed into liquid, as metallic aluminium, magnesium, tin, copper, aluminum magnesium alloy, aluminum-copper alloy etc.; Also can be to be under the normal temperature to be transformed into the solid material by heating, as thermoset macromolecule material, as thermosetting resin, thermoset rubber etc. by liquid.
Described powder is meant the aggregate of size less than the 1mm discrete particle, as ceramic powder, metal-powder, non-metal powder etc.; Can also adopt nanometer powder, in preparation process, nanometer powder remains solid-state, its crystal grain does not melt, recrystallize does not take place yet, and crystal grain can not grown up, after solidifying as the liquid phase of body material, nanometer powder be evenly distributed in matrix mutually in, thereby prepare the functional composite material of nanometer microstructure.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention better, reach manufacturing effect preferably, can in vacuum environment, carry out operating process of the present invention; Or described cavity volume is evacuated.
Can make homogeneous microstructure, well behaved functional composite material by aforesaid method; As have conduction, partly lead, the matrix material of function such as superconduction, magnetic, piezoelectricity, damping, sound absorption, suction ripple, friction, photosensitive, temperature-sensitive.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, the powder of the functional composite material that makes of the present invention can be arranged regularly and be preserved with solid-state form, and its orientation is more easy to control, thereby can obtain to have the functional composite material of excellent properties by the present invention.
2, the function phase powder of the functional composite material that makes of the present invention distributes more evenly with respect to powder and semi-solid state glueing material blending method in body material, thereby prepared functional composite material homogeneity is better, and performance is more reliable and more stable.
3, the functional composite material that makes of the present invention is compared with sintered powder material, and its function phase powder remains solid-state in the material preparation process always, and powder particle can not grown up, and the character of powder particle and state are maintained in the prepared material.
4, the functional composite material microstructure characteristic of the inventive method preparation has good repeatability.
5, the inventive method is simple, convenient, makes the efficient height, is fit to produce in enormous quantities processing.
6, utilize the present invention can produce polytype functional composite material, comprise transmitter, temperature sensor of semi-conductor functional composite material, magneticsubstance, photochromics, thermo-sensitive material, absorbing material, power etc., range of application is extremely extensive, and market outlook are very good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of employed mould in the preparation process of functional composite material of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
The inventive method adopts mould shown in Figure 1 to prepare the functional composite material with magnetic, as seen from Figure 1, described mould comprises former 1, last formpiston 5, following formpiston 10, nichrome wire 8, coil 9, following formpiston 10 inserts and forms die cavity 11 in the former 1, last formpiston 5 is oppositely arranged with die cavity 11, can insert and make 11 one-tenth one enclosed spaces of die cavity in the die cavity 11, in former 1, be provided with nichrome wire 8 and cooling channel 2, outside former 1, be surrounded with the coil 9 that is used to form magnetic field, in former 1, also have through hole, through hole connects vacuum-pumping tube 3 and liquid input tube 7 respectively, be provided with in the through hole of connection vacuum-pumping tube 3 and vacuumize control valve 4, be provided with liquid input control valve 6 in the through hole of connection liquid input tube 7, vacuum-pumping tube 3 is respectively applied for liquid input tube 7 die cavity is vacuumized and import fluent material.
The concrete steps that realize the inventive method are as follows: at first give nichrome wire 8 energisings with mould and die preheating to 180 ℃, be median size that the ferric oxide magnetic powder of 80 μ m is conveyed in the die cavity 11 then, give coil 9 logical direct currents, form magnetic field in the space in coil 9, the ferric oxide magnetic powder is realized magnetic pole orientation under the effect in magnetic field, and be deposited in the die cavity 11, it is descending to go up formpiston 5 then, formpiston 10 upper surfaces form an enclosed space to make formpiston 5 lower surfaces and former 1 inwall reach down, then open and vacuumize control valve 4 on the former 1, vacuumize by 3 pairs of die cavitys 11 of vacuum-pumping tube, make the vacuum tightness in the die cavity 11 reach 5Pa, open liquid input control valve 6 on the former 1 then, by liquid input tube 7 temperature of superheat is reached on 300 ℃ of ferric oxide magnetic powders in the metal tin liquor input die cavity 11 that is melted state, go up formpiston then and be about to metallic tin liquid extruding for 5 times and infiltrate among the ferric oxide powder, last formpiston 5 stops descending near powder the time; Owing to last formpiston 5 reaches formpiston 10 and former 1 no-float down, the contact surface that formpiston 10 and former 1 were slidingly matched under tin liquor can not reach from last formpiston 5 does not overflow; Last feed water coolants in cooling channel 2, make after the tin liquor cooled and solidified, the magnetic function matrix material that the magnetic powder that following formpiston 10 will be shaped orientation is arranged is distributed in tinbase draws off former 1 and promptly finishes the present invention.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment still adopts embodiment 1 described mould to realize, what prepare is semiconducting polymer's functional composite material, and this functional composite material is when stress, and the resistivity of material can change.The concrete steps that realize the inventive method are as follows: open liquid input control valve 6 on the former 1, in die cavity 11, import N-200 type resin liquid by liquid input tube 7, the copper powder that with median size is 100nm again is conveyed in the die cavity 11, copper powder is positioned at above the N-200 type resin liquid, it is descending to go up formpiston 5 then, formpiston 10 upper surfaces form an enclosed space to make formpiston 5 lower surfaces and former 1 inwall reach down, then open and vacuumize control valve 4 on the former 1, vacuumize by 3 pairs of die cavitys 11 of vacuum-pumping tube, make the vacuum tightness in the die cavity 11 reach 5Pa, then formpiston 10 is up down, N-200 type resin liquid in the extrusion die cavity 11, under the effect of stress, make in the N-200 type resin liquid infiltration copper powder above entering, instantly formpiston 10 reaches after the position of setting, when keep-uping pressure, nichrome wire 8 energisings on the mould are heated to 90 ℃ with the material in the die cavity 11, and be incubated 15 minutes, the N-200 type resin impregnated liquid that infiltrates in the copper powder is solidified, go up at last that formpiston 5 is up deviates from former 1, following formpiston 10 with in the die cavity 11 the solidified copper powder semi-conductor functional composite material that is in contact with one another and is uniformly distributed in N-200 type resin (insulating body material) draw off former, thereby obtain the good semiconducting polymer's functional composite material of elasticity.
Embodiment 3
What present embodiment will prepare is the semi-conductor functional composite material.The concrete steps that realize the inventive method are as follows: the sulphur powder is contained in the glass test tube, be placed on process furnace internal heating to 130 ℃, make sulphur liquefaction, then being preheating to 100 ℃, median size is that the iron powder adding of 80 μ m is equipped with in the test tube of liquid sulfur, because the proportion of iron is greater than the proportion of sulphur, iron powder is in the liquid sulfur of gravity field effect deposit in test tube, stir iron powder in the liquid sulfur at a slow speed with the glass coupon, the gas of iron powder absorption is discharged, after being over, gas release stops to stir, the sedimentary time is determined as required, then test tube being taken out stove cools off outward, after sulphur in the test tube solidifies, then obtain iron powder and be in contact with one another and be uniformly distributed in semi-conductor functional composite material in the matrix sulphur.
Embodiment 4
What present embodiment will prepare is the Nano semiconductor functional composite material.The concrete steps that realize the inventive method are as follows: at first to make median size be negative charge on the iron powder band of 80nm to the method by arc-over, and iron powder shows electronegativity; Then N-200 type resin liquid is contained in the glass test tube, again iron powder is added and be equipped with in the test tube of N-200 type resin liquid, test tube placed be connected with between the galvanic parallel up and down battery lead plate, the underside electrical pole plate of parallel electrode plate connects the positive pole of direct supply up and down, electronegative iron powder arrives the test tube bottom in the effect deposit of electric field and gravity field, be evenly distributed in the N-200 type resin liquid, then test tube is put into 90 ℃ water, N-200 type resin liquid in the test tube becomes solid when heated, and then obtains nanometer iron powder and is in contact with one another and is uniformly distributed in Nano semiconductor functional composite material in the matrix N-200 type resin.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of preparation method of functional composite material, it is characterized in that being prepared according to following step: the powder that will have function earlier is placed in the cavity volume, to the effect of the powder applied field in the cavity volume, again the fluent material infiltration is entered between the powder then, at last fluent material is solidified.
2, a kind of preparation method of functional composite material, it is characterized in that being prepared: in the cavity volume of earlier fluent material being packed into according to following step, the powder that will have function then adds in the cavity volume that fluent material is housed and makes powder deposition in fluent material, to the effect of the powder applied field in the cavity volume, at last fluent material is solidified again.
3, the preparation method of functional composite material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described field is meant the field of force, electric field, magnetic field, light field, temperature field or wave field.
4, the preparation method of functional composite material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described fluent material is to be solid under the normal temperature, and the material or the normal temperature that can be transformed into liquid by heating are liquid down, are transformed into the solid material by heating.
5, the preparation method of functional composite material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described powder is meant the aggregate of size less than the 1mm discrete particle.
6, the preparation method of functional composite material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described powder is ceramic powder, metal-powder or non-metal powder.
7, the preparation method of functional composite material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described powder is a nanometer powder.
8, the preparation method of functional composite material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: all operations process is carried out in vacuum environment or the cavity volume at powder and fluent material place is evacuated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031402399A CN1300365C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Functional compositematerial and preparing method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031402399A CN1300365C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Functional compositematerial and preparing method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1488775A CN1488775A (en) | 2004-04-14 |
| CN1300365C true CN1300365C (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB031402399A Expired - Fee Related CN1300365C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Functional compositematerial and preparing method thereof |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005018936A1 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Cast component with integrated functional elements and process for its production |
| CN112467071B (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2022-11-04 | 青岛九环新越新能源科技股份有限公司 | Electrode material based on thermosensitive material and preparation method thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1104364A (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-06-28 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | 2: 19 (3: 29) phase rare earth iron nitride (carbide) permanent magnet and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1104364A (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-06-28 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | 2: 19 (3: 29) phase rare earth iron nitride (carbide) permanent magnet and preparation method thereof |
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