CN1299642C - Multiple modality medical image registration method based on mutual information sensitive range - Google Patents

Multiple modality medical image registration method based on mutual information sensitive range Download PDF

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CN1299642C
CN1299642C CN 200310122434 CN200310122434A CN1299642C CN 1299642 C CN1299642 C CN 1299642C CN 200310122434 CN200310122434 CN 200310122434 CN 200310122434 A CN200310122434 A CN 200310122434A CN 1299642 C CN1299642 C CN 1299642C
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mutual information
registration
image
sensitizing range
medical image
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CN1631321A (en
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范勇
蒋田仔
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Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Science
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-mode medical image registration method based on mutual information sensitive regions, which relates to the technical field of medical image analysis. The present invention comprises the main steps of the determination and the extraction of the mutual information sensitive regions, and the registration of the mutual information sensitive regions. The mutual information sensitive regions of images to be registered are extracted firstly, then the registration for the mutual information sensitive regions is realized by a mutual information maximization method, and thereby, the registration for the images to be registered is realized. The present invention can realize rapid and robust multi-mode medical image registration and is particularly suitable for registration of multi-mode head images. (The robustness in here refers to the insensitive initial value for space transformation of the registration method of the present invention.).

Description

A kind of multimodal medical image registration method based on the mutual information sensitizing range
Technical field
The present invention relates to the medical image analysis technical field, particularly a kind of multimodal medical image registration method based on the mutual information sensitizing range.
Background technology
Increasing imaging mode has appearred in the continuous development along with the medical image technology, and is widely used in the research and medical clinical diagnosis and treatment of big brain cognitive function.Because the principle of imaging is different with equipment, there is multiple imaging pattern, they mainly comprise anatomical structure imaging pattern (as: the area of computer aided x-ray tomography imaging (CT) of describing physiology and appearance, NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)-imaging (MRI) etc.) and describe bodily fuctions or metabolic functional imaging pattern (as: single photon emission tomography (SPECT), PET (positron emission tomography) (PET) and function NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)-imaging (fMRI) etc.) two big classes.This two classes imaging mode respectively has pluses and minuses, and the spatial resolution height of anatomical structure imaging can provide the anatomic structure information of human body; The functional imaging spatial resolution is lower, but the function information of human internal organs, brain etc. can be provided; Even same class imaging mode, the information that provides is also incomplete same, for example, CT can show the structure image of skeleton clearly in structure imaging, MRI is fit to the imaging of soft tissue form, therefore, and the information that the imaging mode of different modalities can provide form and function aspects to complement each other.
In brain function research and medical clinical diagnosis treatment,, need carry out various modes or, promptly, carry out analysis-by-synthesis same individual or a plurality of people usually simultaneously from a few width of cloth Image Acquisition information with a kind of repeatedly imaging of pattern based on multiple reason.To achieve these goals, Medical image registration is the problem that must solve.Medical figure registration is meant for two width of cloth or several medical images seeks a kind of (or a series of) spatial alternation, make they the pixel representative anatomic points spatially reach the concordance correspondence.Thereby reach the purpose that a few width of cloth image informations merge.
Present existing medical image registration method is broadly divided into two classes: based on the method for characteristics of image coupling with based on the maximized method of gradation of image information similarity.One of them famous method is that people such as Maes and Wells propose the maximized method for registering of mutual information, and the author is by finding the solution the purpose that the maximized spatial alternation of the mutual information that makes between the image subject to registration reaches image registration.The maximized method for registering of mutual information is present the most successful and representative a kind of multimodal medical image registration method, and its effectiveness and registration accuracy obtain many-sided checking.
Can there be following eight pieces by correlated technical literature:
[1]J.B.Antoine Maintz and M.A.Viergever″A Survey of Medical ImageRegistration″,Medical Image Analysis,Vol.2,No.1,pp.1-36,1998.
[2]F.Maes,A.Collignon,D.Vandermeulen,G.Marchal,and P.Suetens,″Multimodality Image Registration by Maximization of Mutual Information″,IEEE Tran.Medical Imaging,Vol.16,pp.187-198,1997.
[3]F.Maes,D.Vandermeulen,P.Suetens,″Comparative evaluation ofmultiresolution optimization strategies for multimodality image registration bymaximization of mutual information″,Medical Image Analysis,Vol.3,No.4,pp.373-386,1999
[4]J.P.W.Pluim,J.B.Antoine Maintz,M.A..Viergever,″ImageRegistration by Maximization of Combined Mutual Information and GradientInformation″,IEEE Trans.Medical Imaging,Vol.19,pp.809-814,2000
[5]C.Studholme,D.L.G.Hill and D.J.Hawkes,″An overlap invariantentropy measure of 3D medical image alignment″,Pattern Recognition,Vol.32,No.1,pp.71-86,1999
[6]W.M.Wells,III,P.Viola,H.Atsumi,S.Nakajima,and R.Kikinis,″Multi-modal Volume Registration by Maximization of Mutual Information″,Medical Image Analysis,Vol.1,pp.35-51,1996.
[7]J.West,J.M.Fitzpatrick,M.Y.Wang,B.M.Dawant,C.R.Maurer,Jr.,R.M.Kessler,and R.J.Maciunas,″Retrospective Intermodality RegistrationTechniques for Images of the Head:Surface-Based Versus Volume-Based″,IEEE Tran.Medical Imaging,Vol.18,No.2,pp.144-150,1999
[8]Yong Fan and Tianzi Jiang,″Fast and Robust Mutual Information basedRegistration for Images of the Head″,In Jian-Zhong Qian,Stefan Schaller,andShiyong Zhang,editors,Proceedings of the International Conference onDiagnostic Imaging and Analysis(ICDIA2002),pp.162-167,ShanghaiScientific and Technological Literature Publishing House,Shanghai,China,2002.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of new multimodal medical image registration method, a kind of method of fast robust is provided for the registration of multi-modality medical image based on the mutual information sensitizing range.
Technical scheme of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, mainly comprises following two steps composition:
1, determining and extraction of information sensing zone:
(1) mutual information sensitizing range
In multimodal medical image registration was used, the mutual information sensitizing range of two width of cloth images subject to registration was defined as the image-region that meets the following conditions:
A) anatomical structure of image-region correspondence exists in two width of cloth images subject to registration jointly;
B) half-tone information of this image-region of image subject to registration roughly has one-to-one relationship.
For example in the head image registration application of MRI and CT, the mutual information sensitizing range is a scalp, the image-region of skull and background correspondence.
(2) extraction of mutual information sensitizing range
After determining the mutual information sensitizing range, can use sophisticated image segmentation algorithm to extract mutual information sensitive image zone.Owing to only need a floating image in the realization of method for registering, thereby can be from image subject to registration extract in the higher image of space resolution the mutual information sensitizing range.Here, robustness is meant that our method for registering is insensitive to the initial value of spatial alternation.
2, the registration of mutual information sensitizing range
Ultimate principle based on the multi-modality images method for registering of mutual information sensitizing range is to extract the mutual information sensitizing range from image subject to registration, thereby by realize the registration of image based on this mutual information sensitizing range of mutual information maximization approach registration.With the present invention of mathematical linguistics conceptual description, can be defined as definition: establish I f(floating image) I rWith (reference picture) is the image that two width of cloth are wanted registration or alignd, Ω fWith Ω rBe from mutual information sensitizing range to extract the epigraph.Registration is sought certain spatial alternation Φ: Ω exactly f→ Ω rMake Ω fAnatomic points ω spatially with Ω rAnatomic points Φ (ω) concordance correspondence.It is exactly the floating image Φ (I that makes after the conversion that this spatial alternation is generalized in the image f(x f, y f, z f)) and reference picture I r(x r, y r, z r) the anatomical structure concordance correspondence spatially of representative.On mathematics, can obtain this spatial alternation by finding the solution following optimization problem
arg max ( θ ∈ Θ ) F similarity ( Φ θ ( Ω f ) - Ω r ) ,
F wherein SimilarityBe given similarity measurement, and θ ∈ Θ is the parameter of spatial alternation.
In multimodal medical image registration method based on the mutual information sensitizing range, adopt normalized mutual information or mutual information as similarity measurement,
The present invention and existing multimodal medical image registration technology relatively have following advantage:
The present invention has at first proposed the mutual information maximization medical image registration method based on the mutual information sensitizing range.Compare with medical image method in the past, this technology all increases significantly on the robustness of registration and registration speed.
This method is compared based on the maximized method for registering of mutual information with classics, embody very big advantage in robustness aspect finding the solution, be that the mutual information registration function has the bigger domain of attraction of separating, mainly show: (1) is at the comparison of the registration function curve of image translation; (2) the registration function curve at the image rotation compares.This external the present invention, the calculating strength in the method for registering images is reduced greatly owing to adopt the mutual information sensitizing range.A large amount of experiments shows that this method is a fast robust.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the flow chart of the multimodal medical image registration method of mutual information sensitizing range.
S1 extracts the mutual information sensitizing range from original floating image.
S2 is for to carry out spatial alternation to the mutual information sensitizing range that extracts.
S3 is the mutual information in the zone of mutual information sensitizing range after the computer memory conversion and its space corresponding reference image.
S4 is for to judge whether the spatial alternation among the S2 makes the mutual information that calculates among the S3 reach extreme value, as reaches extreme value, then carries out S5: stop to calculate the output region transformation parameter; As not reaching extreme value, then carry out S2.
S5 is according to registration results (spatial alternation parameter), carries out visual.
Fig. 2 demonstration result who multi-modality images is carried out registration based on the maximized medical image registration method of the mutual information of mutual information sensitizing range.
Fig. 2 (a) is the monolayer image of original MRI image,
Fig. 2 (b) is the corresponding monolayer image of original CT image,
Fig. 2 (c) is the result who directly merges without registration,
Fig. 2 (d) is the result through merging behind the registration,
Fig. 2 (e) is the three-dimensional surface demonstration without the direct fusion results of registration,
Fig. 2 (f) is that the three-dimensional surface of fusion results behind the registration shows.
Fig. 3 shows based on the maximized medical image registration method of the mutual information of mutual information sensitizing range and is used for the two-dimensional result that the multi-modality images registration is the mutual information sensitizing range that extracts.
Fig. 3 (a) is the monolayer image of original MRI image,
Fig. 3 (b) is the mutual information sensitizing range that extracts,
Fig. 3 (c) is the space structure of mutual information sensitizing range.
The maximized medical image registration method of mutual information that Fig. 4 is based on the mutual information sensitizing range is used for Registration of MR I image and resulting mutual information registration function curve of CT image and normalized mutual information function curve, has provided the corresponding function curve of existing method simultaneously in Fig. 4 simultaneously.
Fig. 4 (a) is the mutual information function curve of image subject to registration during with respect to registration position genetic horizon internal rotation,
Fig. 4 (b) is the mutual information function curve of image subject to registration during with respect to registration position generation translation,
Fig. 4 (c) is the normalized mutual information function curve of image subject to registration during with respect to registration position genetic horizon internal rotation,
Fig. 4 (d) is the normalized mutual information function curve of image subject to registration during with respect to registration position generation translation.
The specific embodiment: be that example illustrates using method of the present invention only with Registration of MR I and CT picture headers image.
Increasing imaging mode has appearred in the continuous development along with the medical image technology, and is widely used in the research and medical clinical diagnosis and treatment of big brain cognitive function.Because the principle of imaging is different with equipment, have multiple imaging pattern, they mainly comprise the anatomical structure imaging pattern (as: CT, MRI etc.) of describing physiology and appearance and describe bodily fuctions or metabolic functional imaging pattern (as: fMRI, PET, SPECT etc.) two big classes.In brain function research and medical clinical diagnosis treatment,, need carry out various modes or, promptly, carry out analysis-by-synthesis same individual or a plurality of people usually simultaneously from a few width of cloth Image Acquisition information with a kind of repeatedly imaging of pattern based on multiple reason.To achieve these goals, Medical image registration is the problem that must solve.
Introduce below based on the maximized medical image registration method of the mutual information of mutual information sensitizing range:
Can be converted into a kind of optimization problem based on the maximized medical image registration method of the mutual information of mutual information sensitizing range, the work process of its registration can be in order to flowcharting down
The statement use of finishing the multi-modality images registration based on the maximized medical image registration method of the mutual information of mutual information sensitizing range now.Here provide same patient's nuclear magnetic resonance image (MRI) and example and the registration evaluation result thereof that the CT image carries out registration, had three aspects: the precision of registration, the amount of calculation of registration and registration function curve.
Among Fig. 1, provided flow chart based on the multimodal medical image registration method of mutual information sensitizing range.
S1 extracts the mutual information sensitizing range from original floating image.
S2 is for to carry out spatial alternation to the mutual information sensitizing range that extracts.
S3 is the mutual information in the zone of mutual information sensitizing range after the computer memory conversion and its space corresponding reference image.
S4 is for to judge whether the spatial alternation among the S2 makes the mutual information that calculates among the S3 reach extreme value, as reaches extreme value, then carries out S5: stop to calculate the output region transformation parameter; As not reaching extreme value, then carry out S2.
S5 is according to registration results (spatial alternation parameter), carries out visual.The output region transformation parameter provides visualization result.
Among Fig. 2, provided the image before the registration, and the example as a result of carrying out image co-registration before and after the registration, comprised 2 dimension examples and 3 dimension examples, from these figure we as can be seen our method have a very high precision.
Among Fig. 3, provided original image, mutual information sensitizing range, and the space structure of mutual information sensitizing range.
Because in our method, the calculating of mutual information is just based on the mutual information sensitizing range, and mainly concentrates on the calculating of mutual information based on the amount of calculation of the method for registering of mutual information, thereby reduces calculating strength greatly.The calculating strength of our method is 5%~6% of other method for registering, and the registration time on present ordinary individual's computer is generally less than 5 minutes.
Among Fig. 4, from these registration function curves we as can be seen, our method has the bigger domain of attraction of separating for existing method, thereby the easier realization of registration, has stronger robustness.The quantitative assessment of the registration accuracy of method shows that our method can obtain the precision of time pixel level.
The present invention can realize the multimodal medical image registration of fast robust, is particularly suitable for the registration of multi-modal head image.
In order to estimate the registration accuracy of our method quantitatively, we are to (the project " Evaluation of Retrospective ImageRegistration " of Vanderbilt Univ USA's " complete retrospective registration assessment item ", Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.) 41 couples of MR that provided and CT image, the 30 couples of MR and PET image have carried out the rigid body registration.This project has provided registration error evaluation (table 1,2) to our method registration results.This quantitative assessment shows that our method can obtain the precision (size of the pixel of CT image is 4mm, and the size of the pixel of PET image is 8mm) of time pixel level.PD is the PD parametric image of MRI in the table, and T1 is the T1 parametric image of MRI, and T2 is the T2 parametric image of MRI, PDrect, T1rect, with T2rect be respectively the result of the above-mentioned geometric correction of imagery.
The registration error of table one: MR and CT image (unit: millimeter)
Error mean The error intermediate value Max value of error Image is to number
PD 2.20 2.10 4.56 7
T1 1.65 1.65 2.86 7
T2 2.89 2.93 6.33 7
PDrect 1.17 1.01 2.90 7
T1rect 1.03 1.00 2.06 6
T2rect 1.28 1.09 3.80 7
The registration error of table two: MR and PET image (unit: millimeter)
Error mean The error intermediate value Max value of error Image is to number
PD 3.65 3.25 6.83 7
T1 3.27 3.15 6.39 7
T2 3.93 3.64 10.09 7
PDrect 2.90 2.31 7.01 5
T1rect 2.26 1.83 6.05 4
T2rect 2.57 2.03 6.20 5

Claims (5)

1. multimodal medical image registration method based on the mutual information sensitizing range, it is characterized in that, in the medical figure registration process, at first extract image-region to the mutual information sensitivity, realize the registration of image then by the above-mentioned mutual information sensitive image of registration zone, described mutual information sensitizing range is used for mutual information and calculates.
2. multimodal medical image registration method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the similarity measurement that uses when realizing the registration of mutual information sensitizing range adopts mutual information or normalized mutual information, and other is based on the combination entropy image similarity tolerance similar to mutual information.
According to the multimodal medical image registration method based on the mutual information sensitizing range of claim 1, it is characterized in that 3, determine and the extraction of mutual information sensitizing range comprise:
(1) mutual information sensitizing range
In multimodal medical image registration was used, the mutual information sensitizing range of two width of cloth images subject to registration was defined as the image-region that meets the following conditions:
A) anatomical structure of image-region correspondence exists in two width of cloth images subject to registration jointly;
B) half-tone information of this image-region of image subject to registration has one-to-one relationship;
(2) extraction of mutual information sensitizing range
After determining the mutual information sensitizing range, use sophisticated image segmentation algorithm to extract mutual information sensitive image zone.
4, according to the multimodal medical image registration method based on the mutual information sensitizing range of claim 1, it is characterized in that the registration of mutual information sensitizing range comprises:
Ultimate principle based on the multi-modality images method for registering of mutual information sensitizing range is to extract the mutual information sensitizing range from image subject to registration, thereby by realize the registration of image based on this mutual information sensitizing range of mutual information maximization approach registration.
5 one kinds of multimodal medical image registration methods based on the mutual information sensitizing range, its concrete steps are as follows;
S1 is extraction mutual information sensitizing range from original floating image,
S2 is for to carrying out spatial alternation in the mutual information sensitizing range that extracts,
S3 is the mutual information in the zone of mutual information sensitizing range after the computer memory conversion and its space corresponding reference image,
S4 is for to judge whether the spatial alternation among the S2 makes the mutual information that calculates among the S3 reach extreme value, as reaches extreme value, then carries out S5: stop to calculate the output region transformation parameter; As not reaching extreme value, then carry out S2,
S5 is according to registration results, and the spatial alternation parameter is carried out visually, and the output region transformation parameter provides visualization result.
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