Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art, provides a kind of and can carry out powershift to hybrid-electric car is moving, energy-optimised distribution, thereby the Electronic Butterfly Throttle Intelligent Controller of raising vehicle dynamic quality.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical programs.It is by with retarder that closure links to each other on sensor is set, throttle position signal by this sensor acquisition enters central control unit by circuit linearity insulating circuit with by the next control signal of CAN bus by the CAN bus isolation circuit, central control unit calculates output pwm signal by the CAN signal or the accelerator pedal signal of input, give H bridge circuit through the high-speed isolated drive circuit, rotate by H bridge circuit controlling and driving motor, thereby the control closure opens and closes, it is characterized in that the embedded A/D modular converter of described central control unit, PWM generation module and CAN controller, wherein the A/D modular converter links to each other with circuit linearity insulating circuit with the signal processing circuit that can receive accelerator pedal analogue signal and throttle position feedback signal, and signal processing circuit also links to each other with sensor by current sense circuit.The CAN controller links to each other with the CAN bus isolation circuit that can receive the CAN bus signals, the output of PWM generation module links to each other with motor and retarder upper sensor with the H bridge circuit by the high-speed isolated drive circuit, this sensor is arranged on the retarder cover plate, be made up of linear resistance and tenminal block, the set position sensor contacts of its linear resistance position and the tooth sector of retarder internal fixation on the closure valve shaft is corresponding.Described circuit linearity insulating circuit is made up of linear photoconductor coupling chip and two operational amplifiers, and two operational amplifiers are connected to the input and output side of linear optical coupling respectively; Described CAN buffer circuit is made up of the serial line interface of two pairs of Schmidt reversers, two high speed optoelectronic isolating chips, a slice CAN transceiver and one 9 pins, two pairs of Schmidt reversers are isolated by two high speed optoelectronics respectively and are linked to each other with the CAN transceiver, and this CAN transceiver is exported by serial line interface.
The present invention realizes the accurate control of closure by adopting the intelligent fuzzy pid algorithm, and by the anti-phase quick closedown of H bridge circuit realization closure, multichannel hardware redundancy and software redundancy algorithm are realized the reliable operation of closure.Can receive CAN signal, also can directly receive signal from accelerator pedal from other controllers.The present invention has versatility, can be used in the regular fuel car, also can be used in the hybrid vehicle, and interface is convenient.
The present invention gathers multichannel throttle position feedback signal, can judge whether closure breaks down according to position feed back signal; Can carry out the choice of feedback signal automatically, choose the most accurate current feedback signal, perhaps use all feedback signal mean values.Close the throttle when significant trouble occurring guarantees vehicle safety.
Whether the currrent feedback that the present invention adopts is used to detect current of electric, by normal with the compare working condition of judging motor of given electric current.
The present invention now has been used for the hybrid vehicle test car.Breaking down at hybrid vehicle energy assembly controller can not be by CAN when intelligent throttle controller transmits control signal, and the present invention can directly receive control signal from gas pedal, thereby guarantees the normal safe operation of vehicle.
The present invention is the regular fuel automobile, applications such as hybrid vehicle provide a kind of means of its closure of control accurately and fast and reliably, for improving the automobile control accuracy, optimizing the energy distributes, improve driving comfortability, save fuel consume, minimizing discharge of poisonous waste etc. provides a kind of effective way.
Embodiment:
The present invention mainly is the throttle controller at hybrid-electric car development, and the command signal of two kinds of signals as controller arranged, first analogue signal, and it two is CAN signals.The CAN command signal is from control system for hybrid vehicles, or other control system, and analogue signal is then directly from the automobile accelerator pedal.In hybrid-electric car is used, generally, transmit control signal to throttle controller by the hybrid electrically vehicle controller.When the hybrid electric vehicle controller failure, the controller of hybrid electric vehicle can not send order to throttle controller by CAN.Therefore, this moment, hybrid electric vehicle can not normally move.The hybrid electrically vehicle control sends trouble signal to throttle controller, or the driver is when pressing the switching push button of automobile instrument panel, throttle controller will intelligence the signal of giving up the CAN bus, control throttle opening and directly gather acceleration pedal position signal.Can be used as pure fuel vehicle when guaranteeing the hybrid vehicle fault normally moves.
Throttle controller always has 13 road input/output signals, is respectively: 12V input, the input of 12V ground, the promptly outside power supply that offers closure control; 5V output, 5V ground is exported, and promptly offers the 5V power supply of throttle position sensor; Two-way CAN bus; Motor is just born the two ends that are connected on motor respectively with motor, provides power supply to motor.The input of two-way throttle position feedback signal is used to judge throttle opening; One road current feedback signal detects the armature electric current; One road analog control signal is imported, and is used to receive the aperture command signal of accelerator pedal; One tunnel switching signal is imported, and is used to receive the control signal switching command of automobile instrument panel.
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention includes central control unit 11, the CAN bus isolation circuit, circuit linearity insulating circuit, the high-speed isolated drive circuit, H bridge circuit and current sensing signal processing circuit, the input control signal of described central control unit 11 comprise the digital signal by the CAN bus, also can be by the next analogue signal of automobile accelerator pedal.Central control unit 11 will carry out a series of hardware-software reduncancy checks, the intelligent fuzzy pid algorithm is carried out control strategy, it adopts the C8051 family chip, the embedded A/D modular converter of its chip, PWM generation module and CAN controller, wherein the A/D modular converter with can receive the accelerator pedal analogue signal, the signal processing circuit of throttle position feedback signal and current feedback signal links to each other with circuit linearity insulating circuit, the CAN controller links to each other with the CAN bus isolation circuit that can receive the CAN bus signals, and the output of PWM generation module links to each other with motor and retarder with the H bridge circuit by the high-speed isolated drive circuit.The control signal of being come by the CAN bus is input in the central control unit 11 by the CAN bus isolation circuit, by the analog control signal that the automobile accelerator pedal comes, throttle position feedback signal and current feedback signal signal processing and the circuit linearity insulating circuit by separately is input to and carries out the A/D conversion in the central control unit 11.Central control unit 11 calculates output pwm signal by CAN signal or accelerator pedal signal and the various feedback signal of input, pwm signal is given H bridge circuit through the high-speed isolated drive circuit, two terminal M+ of H bridge circuit output and M-, it is just negative with motor to receive motor respectively, provide power supply to motor, thereby drive motor rotates, and drives closure and opens and closes.
As shown in Figure 3, throttle execution mechanism of the present invention comprises the DC servo motor 2 of 12V, throttler valve 6, return spring 1 and the retarder of being made up of driving gear 3, intermediate gear 4, tooth sector 5.Throttler valve 6 rotatingshafts one end is with return spring 1, the direction that the direction of its spring force is always closed towards throttler valve, thus guarantee that when motor or other fault the close the throttle valve guarantees automotive safety.Tooth sector 5 is fixed on the other end of throttler valve 6 rotatingshafts, this tooth sector 5 links by intermediate gear 4 and driving gear 3, driving gear 3 is fixed on motor 2 output shafts, is driven by motor 2 and rotates, thereby drive tooth sector 5 and the rotation of throttler valve 6 rotatingshafts.At these tooth sector 5 end faces, be provided with position sensor contacts 7, driving gear 3, intermediate gear 4 and tooth sector 5 sides are provided with retarder cover plate 10, sensor is loaded on this cover plate, form by linear resistance 8 and tenminal block 9, both are as a whole, and its linear resistance 8 positions are corresponding with tooth sector 5 upper position sensor contacts 7.Position sensor contacts 7 can contact with position transducer linear resistance 8, and tooth sector 5 rotates drive position sensor contacts 7 and slides on position linear sensor resistance 8, thus the output TPS1 of linear change position transducer and the value of TPS2.Two signals of position transducer TPS1 and TPS2 can be delivered on the central control unit 11.Tenminal block 9 has comprised the power supply and the signaling line of all electronic throttles, and M-, M+ are connected on the M-and M+ of H bridge circuit.Be connected to outside 5V power supply 5V and 5V and give linear resistance 8 power supplies of position transducer.
As shown in Figure 4, the P0 of central control unit 11 of the present invention and P1 mouth respectively have 8 pins, wherein P0 is configured to output mode, output two-way pwm signal, P1 is configured to input pattern, input analog control signal, current feedback signal and position feed back signal carry out the A/D conversion, and the input pattern switching signal.CANTX and CANRX carry out the reception and the transmission of CAN signal by the CAN buffer circuit.
As shown in Figure 5, circuit linearity insulating circuit has adopted the high performance linear optical coupling 13 of HCNR200 (it is made up of a light emitting diode and two photodiodes) and two operational amplifier 12A, 12B to form, and two operational amplifier 12A, 12B are connected to the input and output side of linear optical coupling 13 respectively.Analogue signal is input in the linear optical coupling 13 through resistance, wherein one of operational amplifier 12A and linear optical coupling 13 photodiode is used for the light output of stabilized illumination diode and the electric current of automatically adjusting light emitting diode and comes compensating non-linear and drift, and operational amplifier 12A then plays the effect stable and output of linearization light emitting diode light.Another photodiode converts the output of the light of light emitting diode to another electric current, by operational amplifier 12B this current conversion is become voltage output again, and promptly analogue signal is exported from AOUT through buffer circuit by the AIN input.
As shown in Figure 6, CAN modular circuit of the present invention is made up of the serial line interface 15 of two pairs of Schmidt reversers 14, two high speed optoelectronic isolating chip U1, U2, a slice CAN transceiver U3 and one 9 pins, described two pairs of Schmidt reversers 14 link to each other with CAN transceiver U3 with U2 by two high speed optoelectronic isolating chip U1 respectively, this CAN transceiver U3 output termination serial line interface 15.The CAN controller is integrated in central control unit 11 inside, this controller pin output CANTX and two signals of CANRX, the data of being sent by the CAN controller are through the level conversion of Schmidt reverser 14, and then deliver among the high speed optoelectronic isolating chip U1, the signal that process is isolated is delivered to the transmitting terminal of CAN transceiver U3, becomes bus signals to be exported by the CAN terminal signal conversion by this transceiver.Data on the bus convert digital signal to and isolate U2 through another sheet high speed optoelectronic by behind the CAN transceiver U3, are undertaken delivering in the central control unit 11 after the level conversion by Schmidt reverser 14 again.
As shown in Figure 7, isolated drive circuit of the present invention, H bridge circuit, current detecting are connected in regular turn with signal processing circuit, wherein isolated drive circuit is mainly connected to form by Schmidt reverser 14 and optical coupling driving chip 16, the pwm signal of the P0 mouth output of central control unit 11 is through the level conversion of Schmidt reverser 14, be input to again on the optical coupling driving chip 16, deliver to the break-make of H bridge control metal-oxide-semiconductor through the pwm signal after the isolation drive.The H bridge circuit mainly is made up of four metal-oxide-semiconductors 17 that have fly-wheel diode.When 1,4 pipe conductings, the motor two ends add forward voltage, and motor just changes; When 2,3 pipe conductings, the motor two ends add negative voltage, the motor counter-rotating.Current detection circuit adopts high-accuracy low resistance resistance, and the armature current conversion is become voltage.Signal processing circuit mainly is as required analogue signal to be amplified and dwindle.The proportioner that it is made up of operational amplifier 14 amplifies the low voltage signal that is come by current detection circuit, and dwindling of signal then is by high precision potentiometer dividing potential drop.
Function of the present invention is mainly used in the hybrid-electric car, cooperates the hybrid electric automobiles on energy assembly control system to carry out powershift to hybrid-electric car is moving, and energy-optimised distribution improves vehicle dynamic quality, improves fuel economy, reduces noxious gas emission.
When hybrid-electric car during in pure motorized motions, motor is not worked, and fully by electromobile, accelerator pedal of automobile and throttle opening are without any relation, and accelerator pedal position has determined the size that drive motor is exerted oneself.During pure fuel oil drive pattern, the position of accelerator pedal and throttle opening are not to be one-to-one relationship yet.Hybrid-electric car requires motor to be operated in high efficiency range as far as possible, and battery SOC remains in some scopes, and electronic throttle just can be realized these control requirements.When automobile requires to travel than low speed the time, engine operation is in the poor efficiency district, fuel economy is relatively poor and discharging is more serious, at this moment the hybrid-electric car controller sends order to throttle controller increases throttle opening, improve engine speed, make engine operation at high efficiency range,, the mode of unnecessary energy with electric energy stored simultaneously to battery charge.When if automobile requires to travel higher speed, motor still is operated in the poor efficiency district, and at this moment the hybrid-electric car controller sends order minimizing throttle opening to throttle controller, and the driving force output that is provided by motor is provided, allow motor add simultaneously and drive, increase the driving force of automobile.
The mixed power drive pattern is that mean engine and motor drive automobile simultaneously, and this pattern mainly is used in automobile high-speed, and anxious acceleration or climbing etc. need add the operating mode of large driving force.It is very dark that accelerator pedal of automobile depresses the position, and automobile is bigger to power demand, and at this moment the hybrid-electric car controller is determined the size that drive motor is exerted oneself according to the degree that accelerator pedal depresses, thereby improve the drive performance of hybrid vehicle.
The present invention is used in the regular fuel automobile, can improve the gas control accuracy, increases automobile function, improves the travelling comfort of car steering etc.As in cruise control system (ACC), electronic control unit (ECU) is controlled throttle opening by obtaining the vehicle speed signal that vehicle speed sensor transmits automatically according to the variation of running resistance, thereby keeps the stable of running speed; Improve driving comfortability; Can make fuel consume and engine output be in the best fit state, can reduce fuel consume, can reduce exhaust pollution again.
Working procedure of the present invention: two-way closure control signal is from hybrid-electric car control system electronic control unit, and this signal is delivered to throttle controller by the CAN bus.The CAN signal is input to central control unit 11 again by the CAN buffer circuit.The CAN range of signal is 0x0000-0x03ff, and corresponding throttle opening is the 0-90 degree.The closure control signal is from the automobile accelerator pedal, and this signal is an analogue signal, and amplitude is 0V-3V.Carry out 10 A/D conversions in the central control unit 11 through delivering to after the analog signal line sexual isolation.Convert 0x0000-0x03ff to, same corresponding throttle opening is the 0-90 degree.Be the corresponding 0-90 of 0-1024, so throttle opening resolution is 0.087 degree in theory, can meets the demands but be accurate to 0.2 degree according to the actual conditions throttle opening.This moment is corresponding throttle opening 0.2 degree of per 2 bit digital quantity among the 0-1024, is 600 such as the analogue signal of coming from the outside now in MCU through A/D conversion back or CAN signal, and then requiring this moment corresponding throttle opening is 53 to spend.
The signal of sensor is two linear potentiometers of one group of 5V power supply power supply, as shown in Figure 3, the electrical signal of these two linear potentiometers (TPS1 is complementary TPS2), promptly in the arbitrary aperture of closure, two sensor signals and be a definite value 4.9V.As shown in Figure 1, throttle opening is that 0 degree and aperture are 90 when spending, and the voltage of corresponding position transducer TPS1 is respectively 0.85V and 4.05V, linear increase; The voltage of position transducer TPS2 is respectively 4.05 and 0.85, the linear minimizing.
The present invention as hardware redundancy, enters central control unit 11 behind sensor signal process signal processing circuit and the circuit linearity insulating circuit with the two-way sensor signal, being varied to data volume through the A/D conversion, then can judge sensor or actuator's fault by redundant arithmetic.If normal, then adopt wherein one group as TPS1 as the throttle position feedback signal, 0.85 corresponding 0 degree, 4.05 corresponding 90 degree, position feed back signal through signal processing circuit and circuit linearity insulating circuit after the A/D conversion correspond on the 0x0000-0x03ff.
If the given aperture of external control signal is 53 degree, corresponding digital quantity is 600 in central control unit 11.Central control unit 11 calculates a PWM value by intelligent fuzzy PID, delivers in the H bridge circuit after this pwm signal process high speed optoelectronic isolation drive, and the metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting that the H bridge circuit is different, thus add that the voltage of different direction rotates motor 2 for motor 2.Motor 2 output shafts have been installed driving gear 3, and driving gear 3 drives intermediate gear 4 and rotates, and intermediate gear 4 is secondary gears, and the small gear of intermediate gear 4 drives fan type gear 5 and rotates.Tooth sector 5 is installed on the running shaft of throttler valve 6, rotates thereby drive throttler valve 6, and the rotation of tooth sector 5 has driven the rotation that is installed in tooth sector 5 upper position sensor contacts 7 simultaneously.Position sensor contacts 6 is slided on position linear sensor resistance 8, thereby has caused the variation of TPS1 and TPS2 voltage.The voltage swing of TPS1 and TPS2 has reflected the throttle opening size, and is linear.When closure was opened, to be throttle position sensor signal be admitted to central control unit 11 through signal processing circuit and circuit linearity insulating circuit to the throttle opening signal carries out the A/D conversion.Numeral size after conversion and aperture be given compares and through the intelligent fuzzy pid algorithm, and the dutycycle of the PWM that exports is regulated.Pwm signal after the adjusting is delivered to the H bridge circuit through isolation drive again, drive motor 2 just changeing (when aperture less than given aperture order) or counter-rotating (aperture is greater than given aperture order).When the given signal of throttle position feedback signal and aperture equates, the PWM output duty cycle no longer changes, motor 2 output torques and return spring 1 torque balance are (because spring force is all the time towards the closed throttle direction, and motor 2 torques guarantee the certain aperture of closure), it is stable that throttle opening keeps, thereby realized throttle opening control.
The collection of 11 pairs of motor current signals of central control unit is used for the fault judgement of system.Little resistance resistance string is connected in motor 2 major loops, the voltage at measuring resistor two ends, and the process signal processing was delivered in the central control unit 11 with linear the isolation again.Central control unit 11 determines by certain computational methods whether current signal is normal, if current signal is undesired, throttle controller then directly sends the control command close the throttle, guarantees security of system.