CN1297557A - Identifiable marking compositions and methods - Google Patents
Identifiable marking compositions and methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN1297557A CN1297557A CN99805071.7A CN99805071A CN1297557A CN 1297557 A CN1297557 A CN 1297557A CN 99805071 A CN99805071 A CN 99805071A CN 1297557 A CN1297557 A CN 1297557A
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- label
- acetate
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- indicator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B15/00—Identifying, scaring or incapacitating burglars, thieves or intruders, e.g. by explosives
- G08B15/02—Identifying, scaring or incapacitating burglars, thieves or intruders, e.g. by explosives with smoke, gas, or coloured or odorous powder or liquid
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides for marking an object with a composition that can later be used to identify the source of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition is a substance that is visually conspicuous and includes a taggant having a chemical code which can link the substance to a discrete source. One source of the substance can be a personnal use size container from which the substance may be expelled as a spray or stream propelled by an appropriate pressurized propellant also contained in the container.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to differentiate the composition and the method for target-marking.Specifically, the invention provides with the marking composition target-marking that contains label, this label is relevant with specific markers material source.In one embodiment, mark substance of the present invention can be injected on the people in the scene of a crime, identifies then and confirms that this people is in the scene of a crime.
Background of invention
The private defense composition that is used to resist the assailant is known.This product also can be used by police, army or other authorities that control crowd rambunctious or destructive personage.Some well-known products that are used for this purposes comprise teargas or CHEMICAL MACE
In the time of on being injected in the human or animal, these products can cause assailant's pain and discomfort, and still, their possibly can't stop the assailant effectively.
The pepper spray agent is to have become in recent years to popularize and by a kind of composition that has more potentiality that many law operational staffs and the public generally adopt, comprise capsicum and chemical analog thereof, as capsaicine, referring to for example US patent 5,217,708.Though the pepper spray agent usually is effective when stoping the assailant, its problem is that it also is fatal.In fact, existing report record is sprayed the situation of descendant's death by the pepper spray agent.
Canned pepper spray agent can be used for some public personnel, and it can be contained in pocket, wallet or be placed in the hand, therefore can be used for preventing that people or its property from being invaded.Unfortunately, a kind of shortcoming of pepper spray agent is that it has very much power so that unintentionally or accidental release can lead to disastrous consequence.Because the possibility of this catastrophic effect, so airline passengers is required to show the pepper spray agent jar that has, and if the known jar that carries, then Airlines Staff's routine is confiscated passenger's pepper spray agent jar.
Even other shortcoming of at present available private defense product is that the assailant is stopped by this product, also still be difficult to differentiate and arrest the assailant later on.That is to say that some present available private defense products can not provide the method that definitely identifies the assailant, if in process of commission of crime, the words that some further features of his/her face or assailant are not noticed by the victim.
Today spendable a kind of be used for differentiating subsequently the assailant preferably openly method be DNA analysis and contrast suspect's DNA.But, use the dna technique requirement to obtain and have some body parts of the suspect who is considered to the criminal.If can obtain, then the DNA analysis of the skin of collecting in the scene of a crime at present, hair, body fluid etc. has been used to differentiate the suspect.Unfortunately, the law operational staff usually is difficult to guarantee to have this sample and analyzes and contrast with the DNA with the suspect.In addition, although in some cases, DNA can be used for differentiating the suspect,, suspect's profile even just can not show after crime that the suspect relates in the crime, thus increase the possibility that the suspect flees from and may avoid prosecution.
Differentiate after the index liquid composition is used for or be known with the method that previous place interrelates liquid.For example the US patent 5,474, and 937 disclose and the "dead" isotopic chemical element of mark or organic compound added in the bulk products such as the chemical substance of sherwood oil the discriminating in chemical substance source after being used for.But, though this patent disclosure prepare the method for bulk products, it lacks the guidance of differentiating from the material source that the discrete cell of personal belongings produces.In addition, when chemical substance can be labeled, used mark normally naked eyes was sightless.
US patent 1,787,995 discloses the method for differentiating lubricated oil type liquid, and this method comprises the liquid tick marks that has identical proportion with lubricating oil, as letter or symbol.Except other shortcoming, the document also refers to bulk material.
Therefore, need a kind of discriminating composition, it provides the discriminating subsequently to the dispersion source of composition reliably.In addition, need a kind of discriminating composition, the material that can determine to contain said composition apace is identifiable for its source.
In addition, control the field, need to prevent destroy or illegal activities, reduce victim, perpetrator simultaneously or the third party's that do not relate to injury probability in the private defense or the masses.Also needing to increase criminal can be by the possibility of discriminating to arrest and to prosecute.The present invention has illustrated these and other demand.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to target-marking with composition and method relevant after being used for composition source.Composition disclosed herein and method are particularly conducive to indivedual sources of the dispersion of differentiating composition.Disclosed composition is included in and is used for human private defense type product, under the certain situation, is included in criminal's the special marking.Perhaps, the compositions and methods of the invention also can be used for present spendable private defense type product with the discriminating that promotes the assailant with arrest.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a kind of label that is included in the composition with the particular source that is used to differentiate composition or label.Label of the present invention comprises that one or more compositions can differentiate the indicator of chemistry " mark ", and its unit container for each specific markers thing or composition is unique.The label composition can be relevant with particular source, and the source authentication code of particular composition has write down later and the discrete cell of chemical code character compound or getting in touch of jar.
In one embodiment, the invention provides the mark substance that to emit from selectivity the unit container source.According to this embodiment, except label, mark substance also can comprise such as the carrier of polymer resin matrix with such as the remarkable detectable mark of coloring pigment, dyestuff or fluorescent chemicals.
Mark substance of the present invention can be included in the independent unit jar, optionally emits mark substance with spraying or airflow pattern, and this material can spray sizable distance from jar.Known propellant can be included in the mark substance to spray mark substance from jar.In addition, other material such as drying agent and filler can be used for inventive compositions.
The composition that contains label of the present invention can be used for the many dissimilar targets of mark.In one embodiment, the invention provides the method for harmless labelling human.This application provides the law enforcement official to differentiate and arrest the suspect subsequently with effective and efficient manner.In some embodiments, the significant of mark substance of the present invention also can be used as the deterrence of criminal activity.Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention relates to the composition target-marking to differentiate the source of composition after being used for.Identifiable composition comprises and the relevant label in composition discrete units source.A kind of source of said composition can be the container that the individual uses size, and therefrom composition can be sprayed or the airflow pattern ejection.In one embodiment, composition of the present invention is a mark substance, and this material comprises the carrier that this material close adhesion is extremely surperficial and makes the obvious detectable sign of mark substance.
Should note some places, provide guidance by exemplifying embodiment at this instructions.In each example, quote only as representational example.But this does not mean that example is unique.
In some embodiments, marking composition of the present invention can for example be carried by the law enforcement official, is used for the safe many people's of mark hair, skin, clothes etc., to differentiate subsequently and to confirm that this people is at the scene that produces mark.Perhaps, the substitute that mark substance disclosed herein can be used as drive-in private defense product carries, and makes the undamaged mark assailant of victim be used for differentiating subsequently.In another embodiment, label of the present invention can be included in capsicim or other drive-in private defense product with the expulsion assailant, and promotes assailant's subsequently discriminating and arrest.
" can differentiate composition " used herein has the composition of retroactive effect relation for the particular source of composition and composition.The composition of differentiating of the present invention can be used for the many targets of mark.Term used herein " target " comprises such as lived target human, plant and animal, and such as the no life target of building materials, cargo compartment, weapon, medicine, money, automobile etc.Composition of the present invention generally is used for target surface.But the example on the surface of mark comprises hair, skin, clothes etc. in the mankind.
Composition of the present invention comprises that there is " label " of retroactive effect relation in the source that composition and label or composition are provided.Label used herein comprises " the chemistry sign indicating number " that contains one or more " indicator ".The indicator representative of particular marker is selected from the subclass of the indicator of a large amount of predetermined indicator.In the indicator subclass, exist or/not have various predetermined indicator be unique combination of indicator, therefore provides unique chemistry sign indicating number to various labels.Preferably, for any specific area of marking purposes, the chemistry sign indicating number of label can not repeat.That is to say, comprise that each unit source of the composition of label of the present invention has unique chemistry sign indicating number.
The record of unique chemistry sign indicating number of various labels can and specify " the source authentication code " of the particular chemical sign indicating number of differentiating particular marker to keep by manufacturer.The available suitable system representative of chemistry sign indicating number in the authentication code of source, this system includes, but not limited to numeral or alphanumeric symbol, as a series of numerals, acronym, bar code sign etc.The packing that the source authentication code is originated by mark source, mark, the registration card that comprises the source that has detailed description source authentication code etc. interrelate with the unit source of label.The present composition also can be the part of tool set, and this tool set comprises the registration card that the source authentication code for example is described in detail in detail and/or is used for family, automobile or other position with the sticking obedient thing of the retroactive effect that shows usage flag produce product.
" indicator " used herein can be any chemistry or biomaterial, and analyzed when measuring the existing of indicator when the composition that contains this indicator, this material can be identified.Known analytical approach can be used for identifying the existence of indicator, and this method for example comprises and separating, extraction, wave spectrum, fluorometry, mass spectrum, gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum etc.Be interpreted as term " indicator " and comprise " complete indicator (the integrity indicator) " that discusses below.
Usually, indicator of the present invention can be non-reacted." non-reacted " used herein refers to not participate in any chemical reaction that produces in the composition, and do not experience chemical change or transformation, and it will hinder the evaluation that indicator exists in composition subsequently.In addition, indicator does not preferably cause a large amount of radiation or the injury of institute's application surface.Indicator of the present invention can be selected from multiple innoxious compound family, comprises, for example, ester class, amide-type, alcohols etc.When the lived target that is used for such as the mankind, quite harmless suitable indicator can be, for example, be selected from savory and/aromatic, comprise acetic acid esters, as benzyl acetate, phenethyl acetate, acetate fennel ester, acetate spiceleaf grass ester, acetate methyl bensyl ester, p-tolyl acetate, vanillyl acetate, pentyl acetate, acetate 2-methyl butyl ester, isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, nonyl acetate, decyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, lauryl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, dimethyl acetate, prenyl acetate, acetate is anti--2-hexene ester, linalyl acetate, neryl acetate and acetate tetrahydro furfuryl ester.Also can use the compound that is not included in the acetic acid esters family.
In addition, for some purposes, help with stable atom isotope enrichment indicator.In some embodiments, the indicator of isotope enrichment can be used for identifying that indicator is from specific source.For example, if there is a kind of possibility, but the composition comingled that promptly comprises this indicator and another source as the compound of indicator as natural origin, can confirm that with the indicator of isotope enrichment the label indicator is from identifiable composition.The example of this suitable stable isotope comprises hydrogen-2, carbon-13, oxygen-17, fluoro-19, nitrogen-15 and oxygen-18.
Chemistry sign indicating number in order to ensure label is not compromised, and can use " complete indicator "." complete indicator " used herein be for comprising the indicator in the chemistry sign indicating number, but this chemistry sign indicating number increases and easily loses, destroys or the possibility of other detection failure under the condition of usage flag thing.The factor that influences the detection failure of complete indicator under given conditions comprises, for example molecular size, molecular weight, chemical constitution, electric charge, volatility etc.Thereby for example volatility can join in the label greater than the indicator of other label indicator.In analysis subsequently, the existence of the indicator volatile of adding has confirmed that remaining label indicator does not have volatilized the infringement.
This states that described label can mix duration with the detectability that increases label with other component, the composition that makes mark obviously, increase viscosity, increase and be labeled surface area that composition applies etc.Usually, for many particular compositions, the selection marquee thing is evenly to disperse in composition.Disperse equably to make before or after using that the analysis of composition any part will show the whole chemistry sign indicating numbers relevant with special container.In some preferred embodiments, can differentiate that composition can keep evenly disperseing at least 6 months～2 years, and need not to rock or other mixes to disperse label again.
Mark substance of the present invention also comprises " carrier ".A kind of example of carrier is a polymer resin matrix, as bonding or coated with resins.Carrier can promote label is bonded to the applied surface of composition and/or protection or " sealing " label in stable environment.That is to say that carrier can preferably anti-a large amount of abuse and pollution, and " determines " afterwards at carrier, do not lose the formation of chemistry sign indicating number or the degraded of label component.In this article, " determine " to comprise curing or dry.Term used herein " curing " refers to that carrier finished reaction and made carrier indissoluble or chemical inertness, as finishes cross-linking reaction.Term " drying " refers to be used to preserve resin carrier at dispersed, no longer has (for example evaporation) as the solvent of liquid state.In some embodiments, before or after determining, by transforming or applying extra surface, it is favourable that carrier leaves " vestige ".Therefore, mark substance before drying or after the drying for example, but before solidifying, can change.In addition, perhaps, mark substance can by from human assailant for example after some days solidify, peel off and change.
The drying time of carrier can be different.In some embodiments, can calculate over the sky drying time.In some embodiments, be chosen as quickish about 1～600 second, to remain on not the dry state long enough preferred about 30～240 seconds drying time to increase extra " revealing internal cause (tell-tale) " vestige, as permanent fingerprint, the fingerprint of staying during to drawing on the handle of paintbrush is similar.Carrier also can be chosen to be and keep the label possibility many years, thereby has for example increased life-span in crime survey and available evidence amount.
In an embodiment preferred, the viscosity of carrier at room temperature is about 50～1000, preferred about 100～200 centipoises.In some human embodiments of using, carrier can select to make it that other is similar surperficial bonding with human hair, skin, clothes and the great majority that contacts when solidifying.The example of suitable carriers comprises alkyd resin class, esters of acrylic acid, phenylethylene etc.A kind of preferred carrier is a polymer resin matrix, as phenol aldehyde modified alkyd resin, and as Me WhorterTechnologies, the product 057-5703 that Minncapolis, MN buy.
Mark substance also can comprise adjuvant.This adjuvant comprises the solvent that is used to regulate carrier viscosity.The example of suitable solvent comprises acetone, dimethylbenzene, zellon etc.Filler such as fumed silica, zeyssatite, titania etc. also can add.Can add a kind of filler titania to increase the observability of resin carrier.Other adjuvant comprises one or more drying agent, and as cobalt, zirconium and/or other metal drier, when being injected into target, when people or clothes were maybe in being exposed to atmosphere, this drying agent can increase the set time of composition.
Mark substance of the present invention also comprises label." label " used herein instigated the obvious detectable compound of material.It comprises for example painted pigment, dyestuff, warp or without visible fluorescent chemicals of ultraviolet light ray etc.Comprising the embodiment that is used for human polymer resin matrix, this label is bonded to and mark people's skin, hair, nail etc. several days significantly, although during peeling off of resinous substrates taken place.Preferably, this label is difficult for removing as soap and water, rubber alcohol, mineral wet goods by common known aqueous solution or organic solvent.A kind of example of suitable label is from DayGloCorporation, Cleveland, and OH buys, and commodity are called DayGlo
Dyestuff.In other suitable dyestuff/resin that aggressive colorant also can be used for tagged compound combines, as the Hansa yellow uitramarine, or the yellow pigment of iron oxide etc.
The use of the label of bright colorant has advantageously provided the crime assailant and has differentiated significantly.This is particularly definite, and is if colorant is significantly, fluorescigenic as bright yellow or brightness.Because many police's apprehend this criminals carry out under helping in public affairs, the people that then tangible colorant can be used for warning the public to be labeled may relate to crime, thereby promotes the process of arresting.For example, in one embodiment, the inventor has predicted a kind of colour planning commonly used, is used to pack, advertisement and comprising can differentiate composition increasing the public's familiarity, thereby increase the validity as the mark substance of preventing criminal activity.Combine with resinous substrates by label, can prolong the remarkable identifiability of label.
In some embodiments, label composition of the present invention can be contained in the individual and use in the container, and " individual uses container " used herein refers to the container that can be carried by the individual, for example, and in wallet, on belt, medium at the coat pocket.Preferably, container discharges composition with manual manipulation from container by the button selectivity.Suitable button is known, comprises the nozzle as the safe nozzle system of present use.The example of suitable button comprises the 8-PA that buys from the Omega U.S..
The bigger manual manipulation device that is comprised about flame snuffer size by bigger " individual uses container " of for example law enforcement official's use.In addition, can predict mark substance of the present invention can be in being placed on container, and this container is positioned at public's inlet as is used for the spendable flame snuffer place of urgent purposes.
This container also can comprise aerosol propellant, as propane, isobutane, dimethyl ether, compressed nitrogen, compression arbon dioxide or other similar propellant or its potpourri, emits product from container at suitable pressure.The size of hand-held container can be the cumulative volume of the no ejection components of about 1～3 mobile ounce.Utilize the container of larger volume can use certainly.The valve of the high flow rate of making as Precision Valve Co. is used in the short time, for example releases the most contents thing in 1～10 second.Therefore, the composition of differentiating for example of the present invention can be contained in the little aerosol container, and is used as personal security's manual unit.
Button preferably design be its can with splash, " shotgun " type mode or about 5～20 feet, preferably at least about 8 feet dense air-flow from container spraying of material to target object.The design of start button is preferably keeping convenient and wieldy while, the possibility minimum that accident is emitted.Carry out designs of nozzles of having used some better safety in the product suitable consumer and law at present, and can be used for material described herein.
It is the aluminum pipe type that a kind of suitable individual uses the example of container, as the 40-2 model, buys from PeerlessTube Co..Preferably, this is canned locking nozzle and packing ring, as 8-PA and the 18-NAS type of buying from the Omega U.S. respectively, and valve assembly, as the #AR-74 type of buying from Seaquist.Such jar or similarly jar, applicable to any of the different aerosol propellant that as above exemplified in a large number, or other similar propellant or its potpourri, it can be in different convenient pressures or selected specified pressure to meet specific demand.For example, each container can be equipped with adjustable nozzle, when from jar, releasing, producing the spraying of compound, or from jar the very long distance of air-flow of ejection compound.
As mentioned above, an aspect of of the present present invention provides the improved method and apparatus of differentiating and arresting the suspect.Therefore, in one embodiment, present invention resides in the compound that the many chemistry that contain unique preparation in each jar can be pressed spray.In an embodiment preferred, pressure vessel comprises carrier, as polymer resin matrix; Visual tag; And label.Additional component can comprise solvent, filler, drying agent etc.
But label described herein can also be included in the known private defense ejecting product.These products, as pepper spray or comprise the compound of teargas, as o-chlorobenzilidenemalononitrile or chloro-acetophenone (as MACE
), can not make the people of injection provide the victim to flee from or ask for help with further prevention assailant's chance.Contain label, be with or without other component disclosed herein, assailant's discriminating can further be provided.
Have the material of label or composition for each independently single-unit container be unique, be used to be added in the clear and definite contact between special container and the surface, this surface is the surface that contains the marker material bonding in the container, as skin, hair, clothes, carpet, wood, concrete, car paint, glass, grey mud wall etc.
The purpose that the following example is used to exemplify, rather than in order to limit the number of the different embodiments of the present invention that can make up.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
What two fluid ounces were housed in three-fluid ounce aerosol can releases Mc Whorter 57-5730 alkyd resin host material to 50% solid in acetone.One gram Keystone KeyplastYellow R, #806-043-50, bright fluorescent dye is added in the resin to make it as seen.Unique chemistry sign indicating number of being made up of ester spices directly is assigned in the jar.But add ester with the detectable concentration of influence in resinous substrates.This makes and carries out clear and definite retroactive analysis by gas chromatography and/or mass spectrum.For reaching the purpose of dispersion, the indicator ester be diluted in the dimethylbenzene to 1: 10 as solvent.Can be provided at detectable amount in the two fluid ounces of potpourri at the indicator ester that this concentration adds one milliliter 1/10th various required dilutions.After mixing in specific canister, aerosol valve, cup and dip-tube assembly install on the jar with aerosol art method commonly used.Compressed nitrogen joins with 125psi and is used as propellant in the jar.Injection nozzle installs on the valve with aerosol injection field usual way then.
For this embodiment, carboxylate is selected from acetate spiceleaf grass ester, nonyl acetate, decyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethyl acetate, cyclohexyl ethyl acetate, lauryl acetate, citronellyl acetate, vanillyl acetate and cyclohexyl acetate.Various indicator are represented binary location 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 respectively.Unique decimal system sequence number is called 276, is imprinted on the jar.The scale-of-two equivalent number of decimal number 276 is 100010100.Therefore, binary location 3,5 and 9 is calculated from right to left, is one (1), and other position 1,2,4,6,7 and 8 is zero (0).Represent the indicator of position 3,5 and 9 to be respectively decyl acetate, dimethyl acetate and vanillyl acetate.These components are added in the jar.Each jar specified with its own unique sequence number, and therefore with himself chemistry sign indicating number corresponding to sequence number.This makes that the content of each jar is unique, and jar is traceable to each.
In addition, complete indicator can be added in the composition in all jars as heptyl acetate, is formulated into existing of label in each unique chemistry sign indicating number at first to confirm all subsequently.In the present embodiment, selecting heptyl acetate is because it disappeared from resinous substrates before other indicator.Higher volatility will cause the concentration of heptyl acetate, and will be faster than the concentration reduction ground of above-mentioned any other each carboxylate that exemplifies.During giving the follow-up analysis of resin sample, the detection that complete indicator exists has confirmed the existence of preparation to all other each label components of given chemistry sign indicating number.
Embodiment 2
In the situation of a real-life, suppose when situation takes place that embodiment 1 is used for mark and differentiates that following crime assailant's jar is that the individual has.This people is attacked subsequently, and it emits article in the jar to assailant's hair, skin and clothes.Before the resinous substrates drying, the assailant contacts door knob and the control wheel of article as staying fingerprint, is in fact significantly strengthened by fluorescence resin matrix.When resin during,, they and assailant are connected also from crime on-site collection hair and fiber in uncured attitude.
The assailant of mark with after fluorescent dye obviously can differentiate.Collect 10 milligrams of resinous substrates samples from the assailant, analyze to disclose the unique chemical sign indicating number.Coupling between the chemistry sign indicating number that the indicator in chemistry sign indicating number that forms on suspect's the indicator and the jar the victim is derived determines whether at the scene the suspect.This chemistry sign indicating number also with jar on the sequence number that is printed on be complementary.It is that those are suspicious that other investigation is presented at the fingerprint that stays in on-the-spot and the suspect's car.The hair and the fiber of scene of a crime have also been found on one's body the suspect.Therefore, in this case, the observability of the resinous substrates on the mark assailant has helped suspect's discriminating and has arrested.Each unique chemical sign indicating number of label provides the evidence that is used for determining this assailant in the viscosity of resinous substrates and the jar.
Embodiment 3
When jog in the zone that a woman completely cuts off in the park, she carries the canister as embodiment 1.This woman is attacked.In that she is sprayed onto the thing in the canister on one's body the assailant during the struggle, still, about 25% thing be sprayed onto or spatter to this woman's body, on the clothes and on the path of jogging.The assailant attempts from the face, on the hair and clothes wipe the resin of thickness, the result makes hair and garment fabric mix resin transfer to hand.Further wrestle with this woman, make its hair and fiber on his face and arm of transferring to this woman on hand.
Recognize that he is " marked ", the assailant captures canister from this woman's hand, and the try to cover up evidence is also fled from.Crime survey person collects resin sample from victim and scene of a crime.They also find assailant's hair on one's body the victim.Chemical analysis show tags thing ester acetate spiceleaf grass ester, nonyl acetate, lauryl acetate and the cyclohexyl acetate of resinous substrates sample are represented the existence of value bit 1,2,7 and 10.It is equivalent to the decimal system sequence number 579 that is imprinted on the canister corresponding to binary number 100100011.Analyze and also measured the complete indicator of heptyl acetate, this has confirmed that all are formulated in the existence of the indicator in the analyzed resinous substrates at first, has guaranteed that whole chemistry sign indicating number is complete.
Two days later, the assailant neighbour sees the fluorescence resin host material on the hair behind the ear that sticks to the assailant.Recognize that this fluorescence resin is known crime mark substance, these neighbours have reported the police.The analysis of the resin sample that obtains from the suspect has disclosed the existence of the complete indicator of heptyl acetate, and ester, and acetate spiceleaf grass ester, nonyl acetate, lauryl acetate and cyclohexyl acetate are corresponding to binary number 10010001.This has proved the assailant in the scene of a crime, and makes crime survey person concentrate their investigation.Embodiment 4
From the epidermis of suspicion of crime finger, collect the resinous substrates sample that contains chemical code labeling thing.Chemical analysis reveals the existence of the complete indicator of heptyl acetate, and form three kinds of this sample chemical sign indicating number other the existence of ester.If complete indicator is not evaporated or by the solvent flush away, then each ester of other in special formulation also exists.Therefore, complete indicator to have these three kinds of esters of susceptible of proof are only label components of using in this chemical formulation, thereby be complementary with the sample of taking from suspect's epidermis, and differentiate he (or she) in the scene of a crime.
Embodiment 5
Differentiate and collect the fluorescent yellow resinous substances in the scene of a crime.The existence of the complete indicator heptyl acetate of chemical analysis reveals, and the indicator relevant with binary digit 1,3 and 8.Because complete indicator exists, known representative binary digit 1,3 and 8 ester are the only esters that is used to prepare above-mentioned chemistry sign indicating number, show that the scale-of-two true form is 10000101.This is corresponding to the decimal system sequence number 133 on the canister that is imprinted on this resinous substrates sample of dress.
Embodiment 6
Buy as embodiment 1 described canister, and give one or eight years old big child.Father and mother write down the sequence number on the canister, and law enforcement editor registration card.Registration card can describe child's name and address and source authentication code in detail, as sequence number and canister manufacturer.After six months, this child disappears from the neighbour's.Crime survey person has inquired paedophile known in this zone, and in once inquiring, the investigator has recognized by the class fluorescent pigment material on the staff of inquiring.Obtain the seeking clue, caused the discovery of more evidences.The chemical analysis of the resin of finding in suspect and Qi Che has shown the chemistry sign indicating number of missing child's registration.This suspect is accused of the child that abducts is responsible for.
Embodiment 7
One robber threatens a man, orders him to surrender wallet.This man uses as this criminal of surge in the embodiment 1 described canister.It is visible to recognize that he has been labeled, the unique chemical sign indicating number, and criminal has fled from.Police's record is saved, and it has write down the therefrom source authentication code of the canister of injecting substances, as sequence number.After one week, this robber arrested in another time crime.Arrest official and recognized a small amount of but visible trace mark substance in robber's nail.Obtained clue to search robber's family.In the drainpipe in robber's bathroom, found more fluorescence resin material.Collect and the analysis resin material, shown that chemical sign indicating number distributes.The investigator contacts to obtain and the consistent sequence number of chemistry sign indicating number with this material manufacturer.The sequence number that manufacturer provides is corresponding to the sequence number of previous police record, therefore this robber and previous crime connected.
Embodiment 8
The scope of 15 " indicator " is selected from the carboxylate of FDA authentication.Therefore many these carboxylates are found in the commercially available consumer goods, and the existence of the indicator that interrelates with the specific existence of differentiating component may be considered to pollutant.For the source of suspecting this ester class subsequently, this ester class can be respectively with stable isotope part enrichment, for example C-13.According to this embodiment, suppose that natural concentration at the C-13 of carboxylate is less than 1%.So the degree that these 15 kinds of label esters are enriched to C-13 for example is 2% or higher so that they are come out as product differentiation from the particular source of manufacturer greater than 1%.In given position, may need 5% enrichment or higher, make label be diluted in the composition of preliminary making, chemical analysis shows the enrichment degree of detectable C-13.For finishing these, make up selected ester with the C-13 isotope chemistry that serves as a mark, and be 5% or more with concentration that identical unlabelled ester is mixed to various esters.The C-13 enrichment that obtains is used for the preparation of final chemistry sign indicating number then greater than the ester class of natural degree as various indicator.
Embodiment 9
The method in the source of the indicator of another kind of discriminating label is the method chemical modification indicator with the irregular or unique texture that produces indicator.For example with regard to the ester that embodiment 1 is quoted, ester can be with known esterification process halogenation.This method comprises, for example, uses halogenated acetic acids, as chloroacetic acid.The halo form of ester can easily distinguish from ester commonly used, for example with the gas chromatography that electron capture detector is housed.
Embodiment 10
Present embodiment has been illustrated the source of differentiating indicator in the label with isotope-labeled indicator.Suppose that for reaching the purpose of present embodiment, the suspect of charge and has collected the 2 described mark substances as embodiment from suspect's hair in trial.Defendant one side argues that the chemistry sign indicating number that contains is inaccurate in mark substance, because evidence may be contaminated.Prosecutor has the evidence that detects by mass spectrophotometry.Analyzing the indicator that shows the chemistry sign indicating number is that the natural degree of concentration greater than indicator arrived in isotope enrichment.This has differentiated that the source of ester is mark substance rather than pollution source.
On the one hand, the present invention has also thought over the register system of source authentication code.In order to create register system, each unit container of mark substance preferably marks with each source authentication code, and this source authentication code can be contrasted mutually to be referred to by indicator in the special container or the defined chemistry sign indicating number of label.Then, this register system can provide the buyer's of the canister of buying the label that contains this material discriminating when analyzing.Product can registration card be housed so that this method is more convenient, or the source authentication code can be used as a part that is included in the information in the suitable bar code, and this bar code is imprinted on each container or the label on it.
Obviously those of ordinary skill in the art can carry out many changes do not depart from the claim of having with accommodation spirit or scope in the present invention.
Claims (45)
1. can optionally emit material with target-marking from the source for one kind, this material comprises:
(a) be bonded to the curable carrier that is labeled target;
(b) obvious detectable label; And
(c) differentiate the label that this material is originated.
2. according to the material of claim 1, wherein label comprises the chemistry sign indicating number.
3. according to the material of claim 2, wherein the chemistry sign indicating number comprises at least a indicator.
4. according to the material of claim 3, wherein the chemistry sign indicating number comprises at least a indicator that is selected from benzyl acetate, acetate fennel ester, acetate spiceleaf grass ester, methyl acetate, cresatin, vanillyl acetate, pentyl acetate, acetate 2-methyl butyl ester, isoamyl acetate, nonyl acetate, decyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, lauryl acetate and composition thereof.
5. according to the material of claim 3, the wherein "dead" isotope enrichment of label.
6. according to the material of claim 3, wherein indicator is a halo.
7. according to the material of claim 1, wherein label contains visible coloring pigment when making this material be used for target surface.
8. according to the material of claim 1, wherein label contains significant bright pigment when making this material be used for target surface.
9. according to the material of claim 8, wherein should make the material flavescence by bright coloring pigment.
10. according to the material of claim 1, wherein label contains and makes the fluorescigenic compound of material.
11. according to the material of claim 10, wherein label contains and makes material fluorescigenic compound under ultraviolet light.
12. according to the material of claim 3, wherein label contain at least a in material homodisperse indicator.
13. according to the material of claim 1, the target that wherein is labeled is the people.
14., wherein, the people is left footprints or impression of the hand with this material mark respectively on the mankind's hand or pin according to the material of claim 13.
15. according to the material of claim 1, wherein the viscosity of this material makes composition disperse with the form of spray.
16. according to the material of claim 1, wherein the viscosity of this material makes composition disperse with the form of air-flow.
17. according to the material of claim 1, wherein polymer resin matrix contains alkyd resin.
18. according to the material of claim 1, wherein this material also contains solvent.
19. according to the material of claim 1, wherein this material also contains adjuvant.
20. according to the material of claim 1, wherein this material also contains at least a drying agent.
21. according to the material of claim 1, wherein label contains carboxylate.
22. according to the material of claim 1, wherein label contains dulcet ester.
23. according to the material of claim 1, wherein label contains the ester that sends fragrance.
24. according to the material of claim 1, wherein label contains dulcet and sends fragrant ester.
25. according to the material of claim 19, wherein adjuvant is selected from fumed silica, zeyssatite and titania.
26. according to the material of claim 1, wherein label contains by the detectable and identifiable chemical compound of chemical analysis.
27., also contain aerosol propellant according to the material of claim 1.
28. according to the material of claim 1, wherein aerosol propellant is selected from propane, isobutane, dimethyl ether, compressed nitrogen, compression arbon dioxide.
29. according to the material of claim 1, wherein the source of this material is personal container.
30. according to the material of claim 29, wherein personal container is the jar with locking nozzle.
31. according to the material of claim 29, wherein personal container is the canister with safe nozzle and lid.
32., also contain aerosol propellant according to the material of claim 29.
33. according to the material of claim 2, wherein the source of this material is the personal container that comprises the source authentication code relevant with the chemistry sign indicating number.
34. according to the material of claim 29, wherein personal container is placed in the kit, this kit also contains the registration card of detailed description source authentication code.
35. according to the material of claim 29, wherein the material in personal container is placed in the kit, this kit also contains the retrospective mark that this material of indication exists.
36. according to the material of claim 33, wherein the source authentication code is a numerical code.
37. according to the material of claim 32, wherein the source authentication code is the form of bar code.
38. private defense material that contains label.
39. according to the private defense material of claim 38, wherein label comprises the chemistry sign indicating number.
40. the private defense material according to claim 38 contains capsicum.
41. the private defense material according to claim 38 contains teargas gas.
42. a method of differentiating the mark mankind, this method comprises:
-can from the source, the composition differentiated that optionally emit be applied to the mankind,
Can differentiate that wherein composition contains and can differentiate the label that composition source is relevant, and composition is originated and is the container of personal size.
43., can differentiate that wherein composition also contains according to the method for claim 42
(a) be bonded to people's carrier; And
(b) obvious detectable label.
44., can differentiate that wherein composition is used for the people when the people carries out crime according to the method for claim 43.
45. a label that comprises the particular source material of differentiating label, this label comprises:
-be selected from the indicator subclass of default indicator, the wherein existence of each or do not have the particular source of having differentiated this label in the default indicator in the indicator subclass.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3357698A | 1998-03-03 | 1998-03-03 | |
| US09/033,576 | 1998-03-03 |
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| CN1297557A true CN1297557A (en) | 2001-05-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99805071.7A Pending CN1297557A (en) | 1998-03-03 | 1999-02-16 | Identifiable marking compositions and methods |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP1058919A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1297557A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2970699A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9908442A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2322625A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL138178A0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999045514A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102667821A (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-09-12 | Ag技术财产有限公司 | Method and system for protecting bulk product |
| CN108384349A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-10 | 郑智勇 | Fluorescence picture and text spray and preparation method thereof |
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| US6647649B2 (en) | 1998-12-04 | 2003-11-18 | Tracking Technologies, Inc. | Microparticle taggant systems |
| DE29917533U1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2000-06-08 | Bst Schutztechnik Gmbh | Irritant and marking agent dispenser |
| EP1216758A1 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-06-26 | McLaws, Brent D. | Identifier label application system |
| WO2005007801A2 (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2005-01-27 | Royster-Clark, Inc. | Plant seed mixtures |
| CA2436619A1 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2004-04-02 | Russell M. Hanabusa | Attack deterrent and attacker identification system |
| CA2504452A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-21 | Sheryl E. Siegel | Pharmaceutical identification |
| EP1443323B1 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2016-01-27 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Determination of the age of a product containing volatile components |
| GB0312683D0 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2003-07-09 | Holden Cher M | Identification method and device |
| US7055691B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2006-06-06 | Owens-Illinois Healthcare Packaging Inc. | Plastic packaging having embedded micro-particle taggants |
| US20090103098A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2009-04-23 | Douglas Stanley Lightening | Method and Composition for Identification |
| US20060240054A1 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-10-26 | Graney Bernard D | Irritant-free gel compositions |
| US10741034B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2020-08-11 | Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. | Security system and method of marking an inventory item and/or person in the vicinity |
| GB2439960B (en) | 2006-07-08 | 2011-11-16 | Redweb Security | Material for marking an article using DNA |
| EP2466561A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-20 | G4S Cash Solutions (UK) Limited | Staining kit for staining valuables, apparatus and method |
| US9963740B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2018-05-08 | APDN (B.V.I.), Inc. | Method and device for marking articles |
| CA2926436A1 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2015-04-16 | Judith Murrah | Multimode image and spectral reader |
| EP3119610B1 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2024-05-22 | APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. | Encrypted optical markers for security applications |
| US10745825B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2020-08-18 | Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. | Encrypted optical markers for security applications |
| US10519605B2 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2019-12-31 | APDN (B.V.I.), Inc. | Method of marking cellulosic products |
| US10995371B2 (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2021-05-04 | Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. | Composition and method of DNA marking elastomeric material |
| US10920274B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2021-02-16 | Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. | Nucleic acid coated submicron particles for authentication |
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| DE1584255B1 (en) * | 1966-11-24 | 1970-06-04 | Milton Frank Allen Publication | Means for identifying a thief of banknotes, securities or the like. |
| GB2057003A (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-03-25 | Smith K | Dye for assisting detection of assailants, thieves and other miscreants, and apparatus for applying the dye |
| US5474937A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1995-12-12 | Isotag, L.L.C. | Method of identifying chemicals by use of non-radioactive isotopes |
| GB9314394D0 (en) * | 1993-07-12 | 1993-08-25 | Slater James H | A security device using an ultrasensitive microtrace for protecting materials,articles and items |
| NL9301405A (en) * | 1993-08-12 | 1995-03-01 | Piet Hein Heezemans | System for marking and identifying objects, using odoriferous volatile substances |
| GB9326277D0 (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1994-02-23 | Marconi Gec Ltd | Labelling |
| GB2319337B (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1999-09-29 | Probe Fx Patents Limited | Compositions and methods for tracing or identifying goods or their theft |
-
1999
- 1999-02-16 AU AU29706/99A patent/AU2970699A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-16 IL IL13817899A patent/IL138178A0/en unknown
- 1999-02-16 EP EP99910954A patent/EP1058919A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-02-16 WO PCT/US1999/003214 patent/WO1999045514A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-02-16 CN CN99805071.7A patent/CN1297557A/en active Pending
- 1999-02-16 BR BR9908442-2A patent/BR9908442A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-16 CA CA002322625A patent/CA2322625A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102667821A (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-09-12 | Ag技术财产有限公司 | Method and system for protecting bulk product |
| CN108384349A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-10 | 郑智勇 | Fluorescence picture and text spray and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1058919A1 (en) | 2000-12-13 |
| CA2322625A1 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
| BR9908442A (en) | 2002-01-02 |
| IL138178A0 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
| AU2970699A (en) | 1999-09-20 |
| WO1999045514A1 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
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| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |